DOCSLIB.ORG

Occasional Paper 4: Blue-Green Algae

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Occasional Paper 4: Blue-Green Algae 3916 CRC OCCASIOANL PAPER 4 14/5/04 8:46 AM Page 1 C M Y CM MY CY CMY K The Cooperative Research Centre for Water Quality and Treatment is an unincorporated joint venture between: • ACTEW Corporation • Australian Water Quality Centre • Australian Water Services Pty Ltd Blue-Green Algae • Brisbane City Council CRC for Water Quality and Treatment • CSIRO Molecular Science Private Mail Bag 3 Their significance • Curtin University of Technology Salisbury SOUTH AUSTRALIA 5108 • Department of Human Services Tel: (08) 8259 0211 and management Victoria Fax: (08) 8259 0228 E-mail: [email protected] • Egis Consulting Australia Pty Ltd within water Web: www.waterquality.crc.org.au • Environmental Protection Agency Queensland supplies • Griffith University Algae Blue-Green 4: Occasional Paper • Melbourne Water Corporation • Monash University • Orica Australia Pty Ltd • Power and Water Authority • Queensland Health Pathology & Scientific Services • RMIT University • South Australian Water Corporation • South East Water Ltd • Sydney Catchment Authority • Sydney Water Corporation • The University of Adelaide • The University of New South Wales The Cooperative Research Centre (CRC) for Water Quality and • The University of Queensland Treatment is Australia's national drinking water research centre. An • United Water International Pty Ltd unincorporated joint venture between 28 different organisations from the Australian water industry, major universities, CSIRO, and • University of South Australia local and state governments, the CRC combines expertise in water • Water Corporation quality and public health. • Water Services Association of The CRC for Water Quality and Treatment is established and Australia supported under the Federal Government's Cooperative Research Centres Program. • Yarra Valley Water Ltd Occasional Paper 4 Composite CRC - blue greeen algae (21) 14/5/04 8:36 AM Page 1 Blue-green algae: their significance and management within water supplies Research of the Cooperative Research Centre for Water Quality and Treatment CRC - blue greeen algae (21) 14/5/04 8:36 AM Page 2 In February 2002, the CRC for Water Quality and Treatment hosted a workshop on blue-green algae in drinking water systems. Over 65 members of the Australian water supply community attended this workshop, which featured speakers from across the CRC’s cyanobacterial research program.The articles in this Occasional Paper summarise the research and issues discussed during the workshop. All articles marked * were originally presented at a workshop hosted by the American Water Works Association Research Foundation (AwwaRF) in 2001, and are copyright AwwaRF.The article authored by Ian Falconer was first printed in the journal Phycologia (Vol 40 no 3,pp228-233), and copyright is held by the International Phycological Society. Cooperative Research Centre for Water Quality and Treatment Private Mail Bag 3 Salisbury SA 5108 AUSTRALIA Telephone: +61 8 8259 0211 Fax: +61 8 8259 0228 E-mail: [email protected] Web site: www.waterquality.crc.org.au Blue-green algae: their significance and management within water supplies. CRC for Water Quality and Treatment Occasional Paper 4 ISBN 187661613X Published by the CRC for Water Quality and Treatment 2002 Papers marked * are copyright © 2001,American Water Works Association. Papers marked ** are copyright © 2001, International Phycological Society.All rights reserved. 2 CRC - blue greeen algae (21) 14/5/04 8:36 AM Page 3 BLUE-GREEN ALGAE:THEIR SIGNIFICANCE & MANAGEMENT Table of Contents Blue-Green Algae:Their Significance and Management within Water Supplies . .5 Dennis Steffensen Toxic Cyanobacterial Bloom Problems in Australian Waters: Risks and Impacts on Human Health** . .7 Ian Falconer Cyanobacterial Toxins – The Australian Perspective on Guidelines and Management* . .15 Michael Burch Algicides for Control of Toxic Cyanobacteria* . .23 Michael Burch, Christopher Chow and Peter Hobson Ecology and Management of Cyanobacteria in Rivers and Reservoirs* . .33 Justin Brookes, Peter Baker and Michael Burch The Application of Genetics and Molecular Biology for Detecting Toxic Cyanobacteria and the Basis for their Toxicity . .43 Brett Neilan Identification of Toxic Cyanobacteria Using DNA Based Technology* . .57 Christopher Saint and Kim Fergusson Instrumental Methods for the Determination of Cyanobacterial Toxins* . .61 Brenton Nicholson and Glen Shaw Water Treatment Options for Cyanobacteria and their Toxins* . .75 Mary Drikas, Gayle Newcombe and Brenton Nicholson 3 CRC - blue greeen algae (21) 14/5/04 8:36 AM Page 4 BLUE-GREEN ALGAE:THEIR SIGNIFICANCE & MANAGEMENT 4 CRC - blue greeen algae (21) 14/5/04 8:36 AM Page 5 BLUE-GREEN ALGAE:THEIR SIGNIFICANCE & MANAGEMENT BLUE-GREEN ALGAE:THEIR SIGNIFICANCE AND MANAGEMENT WITHIN WATER SUPPLIES Dennis Steffensen The Australian Water Quality Centre and the CRC for Water Quality and Treatment Private Mail Bag 3, Salisbury, South Australia 5108 E-mail [email protected] Introduction In February 2002, the CRC for Water Quality and Treatment hosted a workshop on blue-green algae in Blue-green algae are a natural and widespread drinking water systems. Over 65 members of the component of most aquatic systems, including streams, Australian water supply community attended this lakes, estuaries and the sea.They are cyanobacteria but as workshop, which featured speakers from across the they have photosynthetic pigments and they look and CRC’s cyanobacterial research program. The articles in behave like algae, they are commonly called blue-green this Occasional Paper summarise the research and issues algae. discussed during the workshop. Cyanobacteria are widely recognised as sources of The research topics and the key participants are taste and odours in water supplies. Many species impart summarised in Table 1 (below).This represents the most disagreeable earthy or musty taste and odours that comprehensive research program targeted at the needs render the water unpalatable.With the identification of a of the water industry anywhere in the world. As a number of toxic cyanobacterial metabolites there is reflection of that international recognition the CRC has increasing concern for health effects to consumers. It is recently entered into joint funding agreements with the the health risks that are the focus of this workshop. American Water Works Association Research Foundation (AwwaRF) for research into analytical methods for The forms of cyanobacteria that are of most concern cyanotoxins and for the development of genetic methods are those that form dense blooms.These are favoured by for the rapid detection of toxic species. hot calm conditions and high nutrient loads. The combination of climate, the construction of large dams and the regulation of many of the rivers have resulted in Australia experiencing more difficulties with cyanobacteria than most other regions in the world. The importance of cyanobacteria to the Australian water industry is reflected in the prominence given to this issue within the research programs of the CRC for Water Quality & Treatment.The CRC began in 1995 and a bid for a second term was successful in 2001. The research priorities are based on the major concerns of the water industry namely: • Determination of the health risks. • Development of monitoring methods for both the organisms and their toxins, • Understanding of the factors which promote cyanobacterial growth leading to more effective control in source waters, • Development of effective water treatment processes to destroy or remove toxins. 5 CRC - blue greeen algae (21) 14/5/04 8:36 AM Page 6 BLUE-GREEN ALGAE:THEIR SIGNIFICANCE & MANAGEMENT Table 1. Summary of research by the CRC for Water Quality & Treatment Topic Key Researchers Students Health risks • Toxicology • Ian Falconer, • Suzanne Froscio,Adelaide Animals subjected to microcystin Adelaide University University and cylindrospermopsin • Andrew Humpage,Australian Water Quality Centre (AWQC) • Glen Shaw, National Research Centre for Environmental • Epidemiology Toxicology (NRCET) Effects from exposure by drinking • Louis Pilotto, National Centre for water & recreation Environmental and Public Health • Guidelines (NCEPH) Formulation of safe levels for • Ian Falconer, drinking water and recreation. Adelaide University • Mike Burch,AWQC Monitoring • Conventional taxonomy • Peter Baker,AWQC • Genetic/molecular techniques • Chris Saint,AWQC • Kim Fergusson, University of for identifying toxic species. • Brett Neilan, South Australia (UniSA) University of NSW (UNSW) • Melanie Kaebernick, UNSW • Carolina Beltran, UNSW • Daniel Tillett, UNSW • Michell Moffitt, UNSW Toxin Analysis • Analytical methods developed for • Brenton Nicholson,AWQC all the common toxins.Techniques • John Papageoriou,AWQC include: HPLC, Mass • Carolyn Haskard,AWQC Spectrometry, Capillary • Peter Hawkins, Sydney Water Electrophoreois, ELISA, and • Nimal Chandrasena, enzyme inhibition. Sydney Water • Jing Cao, Sydney Water Ecology/Source Water Management • Flow manipulation in rivers • Mike Burch,AWQC • Karen Westwood,Adelaide • Mixing/destratification of • Justin Brookes,AWQC • University reservoirs • Peter Hobson,AWQC • Rudi Regel, • Algicides • Peter Hawkins, Sydney Water • Adelaide University • Dennis Steffensen,AWQC • David Lewis, • Adelaide University • Hugh Wilson, • Adelaide University • David Moore, • University of Queensland Water Treatment • Sam Brooke, UniSA • Removal of cells by convention • Mary Drikas,AWQC • David Cook, UniSA treatment & membranes. • Gayle Newcombe,AWQC
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Macrophyte Communities in the Peel-Harvey Estuary: Historical Trends and Current Patterns in Biomass and Distribution
    Macrophyte communities in the Peel-Harvey Estuary: Historical trends and current patterns in biomass and distribution. Submitted by Oliver Krumholz This thesis is presented for the Degree of Honours in Marine Science, School of Veterinary and Life Science, Murdoch University, 2019. Declaration I declare that this thesis is my own account of my research and contains as its main content work which has not been previously submitted for a degree at any tertiary education institution. ------------------------------------------ Oliver Krumholz 20th May 2019 Abstract Estuaries are significant coastal environments and amongst the most productive ecosystems. However, anthropogenic activities have led to widespread degradation of estuaries and loss of ecosystem function. Eutrophication, a major driver for these changes, caused widespread loss of seagrass and significant blooms of macroalgae and phytoplankton. This study determined the spatial and temporal dynamics of macrophyte communities over a forty-year period (1978- 2018) in the Peel- Harvey Estuary, a hydrologically modified eutrophic estuary in south-western Australia. Analyses revealed a progressive decline in macroalgal biomass and an associated increase in seagrass biomass over the examined periods. The seagrass Ruppia became the dominant macrophyte in the system and expanded into previously unvegetated areas in the southern Harvey Estuary. The observed changes in macrophyte community composition were correlated with declining total nitrogen concentrations over time in those regions of the estuary furthest from the rivers. While these effects partly reflect improved water clarity and flushing of nutrients following the opening of an artificial channel to the ocean, they are likely also influenced by changes in river flow patterns caused by climate change.
    [Show full text]
  • Decadal Changes in the Ichthyofauna of a Eutrophic Estuary Following a Remedial Engineering Modification and Subsequent Environmental Shifts
    MURDOCH RESEARCH REPOSITORY This is the author’s final version of the work, as accepted for publication following peer review but without the publisher’s layout or pagination. The definitive version is available at http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2016.08.023 Potter, I.C., Veale, L., Tweedley, J.R. and Clarke, K.R. (2016) Decadal changes in the ichthyofauna of a eutrophic estuary following a remedial engineering modification and subsequent environmental shifts. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 181 . pp. 345-363. http://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/33683/ Copyright: © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. Graphical Abstract Microtidal Peel-Harvey Estuary, south-western Australia Declining freshwater inflow 1980-81 1996-97 2008-10 Eutrophication Dawesville Dawesville Channel Channel ↑ Marine stragglers ↑↑ Marine stragglers Tidal exchange Tidal exchange Massive macroalgal growths ↓ Macrophytes ↑ Heterogeneity Graphical abstract Research Highlights Highlights Ichthyofauna of a eutrophic microtidal estuary following engineering intervention Species composition changed after opening of an artificial subsidiary entrance channel Increased tidal exchange and persistent high salinities influenced species composition Species composition also reflects extent of macrophyte abundance Great value of long-term data for predicting changes in estuarine ichthyofaunas *Manuscript Click here to download Manuscript: Peel Text_no endnote_Revision_Final.docx Click here to view linked References 1 Decadal changes in the ichthyofauna of a eutrophic estuary following a 2 remedial engineering modification and subsequent environmental shifts 3 4 Ian C. Pottera*. Lauren Vealea, James R. Tweedleya and K. Robert Clarkea,b 5 6 7 a Centre for Fish and Fisheries Research, School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, 8 Murdoch University, South Street, Murdoch, 9 Western Australia 6150, Australia 10 11 b Plymouth Marine Laboratory, Prospect Place, West Hoe, 12 Plymouth PL1 3DH, United Kingdom 13 14 15 16 *Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
    [Show full text]
  • Peel-Harvey WSUD Tour
    PEEL-HARVEY WATER SENSITIVE URBAN DESIGN TOUR Aimed at improving management of our water resources. www.peel-harvey.org.au SITE DESCRIPTIONS www.newwaterways.com.au Se n r s e i t t i a v e W U t r b n a e n m p D o e l v e Special acknowledgements and thanks to the following developers for their innovation, contributions and support for this project: SITE LOCATIONS SITE 1 QUANDONG PARK, SEASCAPES, HALLS HEAD SITE 2 SANTALUM CIRCUS, SEASCAPES, HALLS HEAD SITE 3 NORTH PORT STAGE 12, LINVILLE STREET & BOXGUM LINK, PORT BOUVARD, WANANNUP SITE 4 CHANNEL VIEW, PORT BOUVARD, DAWESVILLE SITE 5 ENCHANTRESS LANE & ESTUARY ROAD, DAWESVILLE SITE 6 SNAKE DRAIN, MARINERS COVE, DUDLEY PARK SITE 7 ALCOA WETLAND, PINJARRA ROAD, PINJARRA SITE 8 CANTWELL PARK, SOUTH WEST HIGHWAY, PINJARRA SITE 9 MEADOW SPRINGS DRIVE,r MEADOWS SPRINGSens SITE 10 A JANE KENNAUGHe RESERVE, LORETTA PARKWAY i LAKELANDS t t i B YINDANAa LANE, LAKELANDS v C BALLARD MEANDER, LAKELANDS e W U Se n r s e i t t i a v e W t r U t r b n a e b n n m p D o e l a v e e n m D op ABOUT THE PEEL-HARVEY The Peel region is one of the fastest growing urban areas in Australia. It is this rate of growth which, when coupled with the declining health of the waterways, evidenced by increasing algal blooms and fish deaths, is threatening the health of the internationally significant Peel Inlet and Harvey Estuary.
    [Show full text]
  • Estuary Bridge to Dawesville Bridge Road and Land Use Study Summary Report November 2006 2
    PERTH TO BUNBURY HIGHWAY: ESTUARY BRIDGE TO DAWESVILLE BRIDGE ROAD AND LAND USE STUDY SUMMARY REPORT NOVEMBER 2006 CONTENTS 1. INTRODUCTION 4 1.1 Summary 4 1.2 Council Adoption of Study 5 2. STUDY AREA AND PLANNING CONTEXT 6 2.1 Study Area 6 2.1.1 Road Hierarchy 7 2.1.2 Traffic Volumes 7 2.2 Network Changes 8 2.2.1 New Perth Bunbury Highway 8 2.2.2 Mandurah Estuary Bridge 8 2.2.3 Southern Suburbs Railway 8 2.3 Planning Context 10 2.3.1 Peel Region Scheme 10 2.3.2 Inner Peel Region Structure Plan 10 2.3.3 Town Planning Scheme No 3 12 2.3.4 Outline Development Plans 12 2.3.5 Local Commercial Strategy 12 3. CONTEXT ANALYSIS 16 3.1 Existing Development & Character 16 3.2 Future Development & Character 16 3.2.1 Port Mandurah 17 3.2.2 Bridgewater North 17 3.2.3 Bridgewater South 17 3.2.4 Seascapes 17 3.2.5 Eastport (Port Bouvard) 17 3.2.6 Northport (Port Bouvard) 17 3.2.7 Falcon Precinct 19 3.2.8 Pleasant Grove 19 3.2.9 Halls Head Precinct 19 4. KEY STRATEGIC IMPROVEMENTS 20 4.1 Level of Service 20 4.2 Hierarchical Strategy 21 5. RECOMMENDATIONS (PRE-CONSULTATION) 22 5.1 Projected Traffic Volumes 22 5.2 Road Recommendations 23 5.2.1 Old Coast Road 23 5.2.2 Local Road Improvements 24 6. CONSULTATION 28 6.1 Consultation Procedure 28 6.2 Summary of Submissions 29 6.3 Main Issues Rising from Submissions 36 6.3.1 General Comments 36 6.3.2 Specific Comments 37 7.
    [Show full text]
  • Ecological Risk Assessment for the Peel-Harvey Estuarine Fishery Fisher, E.A., Evans, S.N., Desfosses, C.J., Johnston, D.J., Duffy, R., Smith, K.A
    Fisheries Research Report No. 311 Ecological Risk Assessment for the Peel-Harvey Estuarine Fishery Fisher, E.A., Evans, S.N., Desfosses, C.J., Johnston, D.J., Duffy, R., Smith, K.A. November 2020 Correct citation: Fisher, E.A., Evans, S.N., Desfosses, C.J., Johnston, D.J., Duffy, R., Smith, K.A. 2020. Ecological Risk Assessment for the Peel-Harvey Estuarine Fishery. Fisheries Research Report No. 311. Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development, Western Australia. 102pp. Enquiries: WA Fisheries and Marine Research Laboratories, PO Box 20, North Beach, WA 6920 Tel: +61 8 9203 0111 Email: [email protected] Website: fish.wa.gov.au A complete list of Fisheries Research Reports is available online at fish.wa.gov.au Important disclaimer The Chief Executive Officer of the Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development and the State of Western Australia accept no liability whatsoever by reason of negligence or otherwise arising from the use or release of this information or any part of it. Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development Gordon Stephenson House 140 William Street PERTH WA 6000 Telephone: (08) 6551 4444 Website: dpird.wa.gov.au ABN: 18 951 343 745 ISSN: 1035-4549 (Print) ISBN: 978-1-921258-74-9 (Print) ISSN: 2202-5758 (Online) ISBN: 978-1-921258-75-6 (Online) Copyright © State of Western Australia (Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development) 2020 Fisheries Research Report [Western Australia] No. 311 | Page ii Table of Contents Executive Summary ............................................................................................ 1 Introduction ................................................................................................... 3 Aquatic Environment .................................................................................... 3 Peel-Harvey Estuarine Fishery .................................................................... 7 Commercial Net Fishery ..............................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Mandurah Prospectus
    Mandurah Prospectus Mandurah Prospectus 1 Mandurah, Western Australia T Perth r a i n L Key Features i n e Long and narrow: 173.5 square kilometres in size - 50 kilometres long and 8.5 kilometres wide Borders the metropolitan area to the north: Key service centre for over 140,000 train and freeway provide direct access to the Peel residents Perth CBD Key service centre for 140,000 Peel Region residents Peel Harvey Estuary Diverse lifestyle and housing options Peel-Harvey Estuary, Ramsar-listed Peel- Ramsar-listed Yalgorup wetland system and thrombolites Peel-Yalgorup wetlands Attractive lifestyle features: • 91ha of developed foreshore • 442ha of foreshore in its natural state • 28kms of canal waterways • 620ha of bushland thrombolites • 463kms of trials and pathways • 260ha of recreation space (200ha is irrigated) • 50kms of pristine beaches South West 2 Mandurah Prospectus Mandurah Investor’s Guide The waters of the Peel Inlet and Harvey The city and its suburbs have many kilometres Estuary (one of Australia’s larger inlet systems) of ocean coastline most of which is sandy form the centre of Mandurah. The estuary is beaches. Mandurah also has a number of approximately twice the size of Sydney Harbour. suburbs built around artificially created canal systems adjacent to the Peel Harvey Estuary. The city lies in and around this estuary system which in turn feeds into the Indian Ocean. Place Profile 4 Community Profile 8 Economic Profile 14 Mandurah Prospectus 3 Place Profile Our history Geography and lifestyle Transport 4 Mandurah Prospectus Place Profile Our history Tourism town The first people known to have inhabited the At the turn of the century Mandurah was area were the Binjareb tribe of the Bibbulmun already emerging as a tourist town as Nation.
    [Show full text]
  • Mandurah Channel Dredging
    THE: L1! ,;. DEPT. OF Cur>: ~• . & LANO M,4N;._l:, . , i 23 JA I 87 MANDURAH CHANNEL DREDGING DEPARTMENT OF MARINE AND HARBOURS Report and Recommendations by the Environmental Protection Authority Parts 1, 2 and 3 6) Department of Conservation and Environment Western Australia 4 .~ Bulletin 231 August 1986 MANDURAH CHANNEL DREDGING DEPARTMENT OF MARINE AND HARBOURS Report and Recommendations by the Environmental Protection Authority Part 1 Department of Conservation and Environment Western Australia Bulletin No. 231 October 1985 ISSN 0156-2983 ISBN O 7309 0706 6 CONTENTS PREFACE 1. INTRODUCTION 2. THE PROPOSAL 3. ASSESSMENT 3.1. BIOLOGICAL IMPACTS 3.2. LOCAL ISSUES 4. CONCLUSIONS LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1 - Mandurah Channel Dredging Figure 2 - Diagram of Dragline operation and spoil disposal area. PREFACE The proposals to dredge the Mandurah Channel and its vicinity fall into three distinct segments. Each of the three proposals has a different objective, has been costed separately by the Department of Marine and Harbours, and has different environmental issues to address. The timetabling of the three proposals is also different. The Authority has decided to carry out the assessment in three phases in order to accommodate the dredging timetable of the Department of Marine and Harbours and to ensure that the purposes of the proposals are clarified. The three Authority reports will be as follows: 1. a report addressing the dredging of a navigable channel through the entrance sand bar. This is the subject of this report. ((a) on Figure 1). 2. a r~port to be prepared within a few weeks addressing the dredging of Fairbridge Bank and the Ocean Entrance.
    [Show full text]
  • The Benthic Invertebrate Fauna of the Peel-Harvey Estuary of South­ Western Australia After Completion of the Dawesville Channel
    Records ofthc Westcrn Austral/llll MusculII 22: 81-·90 (2004). The benthic invertebrate fauna of the Peel-Harvey Estuary of south­ western Australia after completion of the Dawesville Channel 1 2 Corey S. Whisson ' Fred E. Wells and Tom Rose} I School of Environmental Biology, Curtin University of Technology GPO Box U 1987, Perth, Western Australia 6001, Australia 2 Western Australian Museum, Francis Street Perth, Western Australia 6000, Australia 'Water and Rivers Commission, Aguatic Sciences Branch, 3 Plain Street, East Perth, Western Australia 6004, Australia . Present address: Western Australian Museum, Francls Street, Perth, Westem Australia 6000, Australia Abstract - During the 1970's the Peel-Harvey Estuary experienced severe symptoms of nutrient enrichment. There were large inputs of nutrients to the system, and only limited oceanic flushing occurred, via the long, narrow Mandurah Entrance Channel. In 1994 the Dawesville Channel was constructed to increase oceanic flushing within the Peel-Harvey Estuary; reduce the occurrence of toxic phytoplankton blooms (eg. blue-green Nodularia spumzgena) and decrease macroalgal growth. The present paper compares the benthic invertebrate fauna in the Peel-Harvey Estuary before and after the Dawesville Channel was constructed. One hundred sediment cores were collected during early autumn and late winter 2000, yielding a total of 17,443 benthic invertebrates, comprising 52 species. Polychaetes, molluscs and crustaceans dominated species richness and density in both seasons. There was a clear difference in benthic invertebrat~ species richness and density between seasons. During early autumn, benthic invertebrate communities in the Peel-Harvey Estuary had a low species richness (27 species), but this increased substantially (46 species) in late winter.
    [Show full text]
  • In the Beginning Was the Cut, and the Cut Was with Thiess
    In the beginning was the Cut, and the Cut was with Thiess Two things stand out above all others when trying to come to grips with the AWU fraud. The first is the sheer volume of information available – invoices, cheques, memoranda, reports, news articles, commentaries and websites to name but some. The second is the overwhelming number of unanswered questions that attend this fraud. No matter where one looks, there exists a myriad of unresolved issues and outstanding matters blocking the view ahead. And the situation is greatly compounded by the enormous and orchestrated cover up carefully put in place over a period spanning nearly two decades. Regardless of the complexity, however, it is not long before newcomers to the AWU fraud encounter two recurring themes – the Dawesville Cut project, and the Construction Training Fund. The purpose of this article is to provide general explanation of the Dawesville Cut project and the Construction Training Fund. The benefits of such explanation are twofold. First, understanding these two dimensions provides a useful context for understanding the AWU fraud itself – especially the beginnings of the fraud. Second, understanding these two dimensions provides a more efficient and more effective means of “joining the dots” in what can only be described as a tangled mass of detail and evidence. In short, a clear understanding of the Dawesville Cut project and the Construction Training Fund is central to better understanding the entire AWU fraud. The Dawesville Cut project Eighty kilometres south of Perth, Western Australia, is a massive natural coastal wetland located just south of the town of Mandurah and just north of the Yalgorup National Park.
    [Show full text]
  • Algal Bloom Fact Sheet
    Water facts 6 WATER AND RIVERS COMMISSION JULY 1998 From ancient origins to environmental problem Algal Blooms indicators We would not be alive today if it wasn’t for algae! When Increasingly, algal blooms are a public the earth was first formed, the atmosphere as we know it health concern and an ecological problem did not exist. There was no oxygen in the atmosphere and in wetlands, waterways (rivers and no protective ozone layer. Scientists believe that about estuaries) and oceans of south west 2000 million years ago, tiny organisms appeared. They lived in water and produced oxygen which entered the Western Australia. This Water Facts atmosphere. The oxygen produced by these primitive leaflet describes the algae that live in our creatures was of such large quantities, and released over surface waters and the problems caused such long ages, that the atmosphere in which we live was created. These earliest life forms included the ancestors of when they grow in excess forming algal algae that can be found in our wetlands, waterways and blooms and ‘red tides’. Examples are oceans today. given of some blooms affecting wetlands and estuaries in the south west. The What are algae? management of algal blooms in the Algae are a diverse group of aquatic plants containing chlorophyll and other photosynthetic pigments. Many are Swan and Canning rivers is described microscopic (often being single cells) but some can be as a case history of a river system under large, including the large seaweeds. They grow as single environmental pressure. cells or aggregations of cells (colonies).
    [Show full text]
  • Collection Name
    THE INSTITUTION OF ENGINEERS, AUSTRALIA (WESTERN AUSTRALIAN DIVISION) WA ENGINEEERING EXCELLENCE AWARDS 1909 Western Australian Institution of Engineers (WAIE) founded 1910 Inaugural year of operation 1911 WAIE incorporated 1919 Engineers Australia formed, WAIE a foundation member 1920 WAIE name changed to the Perth Division of Engineers Australia 1927 5th Annual Engineering Conference hosted by Perth Division 1969 Perth Division name changed to the Western Australia Division 1979 Diamond Jubilee Conference hosted by WA Division 2000 WA Division had over 7,000 members Source: <http://www.engineersaustralia.org.au/divisions/western-australia-division/about-us/about-us_home.cfm> PRIVATE ARCHIVES MANUSCRIPT NOTE (MN2836; ACC 7741A, 9594A, 9595A) SUMMARY OF CLASSES WA ENGINEERING EXCELLENCE AWARDS Acc. No. DESCRIPTION ENTRIES FOR ENGINEERING EXCELLENCE AWARDS 7741A/1 1987 Western Australia and 1988 National:- a) BHP Engineering – Mt Newman Mining Company Pty Ltd, North Wall Geotechnical Study; b) Marine and Harbours Western Australia Engineering Division – Hillarys Boat Harbour; c) Telecom Australia WA – Telecommunication for the America’s Cup; d) BHP Engineering – Blast Resistant Enclosures for Liquid natural Gas Plant, North West Shelf Project; e) Lincolne Scott API – Lighting Installation , Esplanade Plaza Hotel, Fremantle; f) Lincolne Scott API – The Casino in Burswood Island Resort, Perth; h) Kinhill Engineers Ltd – Frozen Fresh Fries and Peas Processing Facility, Manjimup (Edgell Birds Eye); i) Building Management Authority of Western
    [Show full text]
  • WA848 Peel Inlet and Harvey Estuary E5-7
    848 WA PEEL INLET AND HARVEY ESTUARY ESTUARY HARVEY AND INLET PEEL SEE RELATED PUBLICATIONS: Notice to Mariners (http://www.transport.wa.gov.au/imarine/coastaldata/), Symbols, Abbreviations DEPTHS IN METRES and Terms (INT 1), Tide Tables, Sailing Directions. For surveys beyond this chart refer to RAN Charts AUS 334 and AUS 755. E= 3 72 000 E= 3 76 000 E= 3 80 000 E= 3 84 000 E= 3 88 000 38' 39' 40' 41' 42' 43' 115° 44' E 45' 46' 47' 48' 49' 50' 15 11 4 16 1 2 5 56 3 32° 30' 42" S 15 6 42 Water Ski and 1 8 42 13 16 CAUTION - Mandurah Bar Area. is Parasailing Area 6 134 11 V 3 000 Bathymetry is subject to change. 4 Q 4M f 38 Closed Waters E= 80 14 13 o 66 5 Y 15 rc 8 Motorised Vessels 14 4 10 Breaking seas and tidal flow may A 41 43' 14 9 104 2 152 6 1 38 44 41 AUSTRALIA - WEST COAST 115° E 9 13 14 4 3 9 37 8 9 be hazardous to navigation. 12 72 5 5 Y 31' 31' 8 2 2 E C 2 1 9 115° 50' 06" E 4 Comet 9 Bay 4 A 27 4 3 32° 31' 00" S 43 6 2 R WESTERN AUSTRALIA 2 14 4 9 3 3 37 R 3 9 7 16 11 8 E 5 2 T 39 3 31’ 144 09 4 29 0 9 31’ 14 6 5 4 18 8 35 8 14 2 3 3 3 is 29 98 152 109 8 7 7 17 3 H V 3 1 1 0 3 Water Ski 14 13 6 0 7 A f 5 9 9 03 4 7 8 14 13 2 Closed Waters 8 R o 3 2 2 1 U c 19 7 and 13 7 1 5 9 D r 4 y 1 4 0 N A 1 2 ° 43' 24" E it Motorised Vessels 3 A PEEL INLET 4 6 16 il 3 0 39 2 0 1 Parasail 2 b 2 11 6 M 21 9 6 2 12 13 i ROBERT POINT 4 23 h 39 4 is 3 3 34 c 39 Area 15 V 0 4 18 a 26 8 5 knots 2 e 1 126 2 34 2 7 14 B 28 8 1 1 34 13 2 6 7 09 6 154 4 146 3 19 11 3 INDIAN 0 4 17 38 5 2 27 0 6 SCALE 1 : 25 000 3 4 149 68 4 D Fl G 3s 7m 5M 5 1 A PA Fl R 3s 6m 5M BRIDGE CLEARANCES and 3 1 19 6 Y 13 HE RA 05 4 8 Y 2 2 152 DE 1 Y 2 2 09 6 96 4 25 n SOUNDING INFORMATION 33 5 5 15 13 124 ow DEPTHS Y 29 3 1 6 4 128 Fl Bu 12m 4M T Closed Waters 3 1 5 0 0 010 Blue 1 Mandurah 2 1 9 9 12 154 155 350 f 9 Motorised Vessels Bridge Clearance heights shown on this chart are in Depths are shown in metres and decimetres, reduced to Sounding Datum, which is 9 7 17 Y Y 0 162 o Y 7 020 Closed Waters 1 S 3 Ocean 2 340 116 Bay 6 L 4 metres, above Highest Astronomical Tide (HAT).
    [Show full text]