Linguistic-Stylistic Study of Helon Habila's
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LINGUISTIC-STYLISTIC STUDY OF HELON HABILA’S WAITING FOR AN ANGEL AND MEASURING TIME BY Philip Darshak’a Lar DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH AND LITERARY STUDIES, AHMADU BELLO UNIVERSITY, ZARIA OCTOBER, 2018 i LINGUISTIC-STYLISTIC STUDY OF HELON HABILA’S WAITING FOR AN ANGEL AND MEASURING TIME BY Philip Darshak’a Lar PhD/ARTS/6840/2009-2010 A PhD THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE SCHOOL OF POSTGRADUATE STUDIES, AHMADU BELLO UNIVERSITY, ZARIA IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE AWARD OF THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY (PhD) IN ENGLISH LANGUAGE OCTOBER, 2018 ii DECLARATION I declare that the work in this thesis titled “Linguistic-Stylistic Study of Helon Habila’s novels: Waiting for an Angel and Measuring Time” has been carried out by me in the Department of English and Literary Studies, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria. The information derived from the literature have been duly acknowledged and a list of references provided. No part of this thesis was previously presented for another degree at this or any other institution. _________________________ __________________________ Philip Darshak‟a Lar Signature & Date iii CERTIFICATION This is to certify that this study entitled, “A Linguistic Stylistics Study of Habila’s novels Waiting for Angel and Measuring Time” carried out by Philip Darshak‟a Lar meets the regulations governing the award of the degree of Philosophy (PhD) of the Department of English and Literary Studies, Faculty of Arts, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the award of Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) in English Language from Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria and is approved for its contribution to knowledge and literary presentation. ___________________________________ __________________________ Prof. (Mrs.) Folashade A. Frank-Akale Signature & Date Chairperson, Supervisory Committee ___________________________________ __________________________ Dr. S. A. Abaya Signature & Date Member, Supervisory Committee ___________________________________ __________________________ Dr. Jonah E. Amodu Signature & Date Member, Supervisory Committee ____________________________________ ___________________________ Professor T. Y. Surakat Signature & Date Head of Department ____________________________________ ___________________________ Prof. Sadiq Zubairu Abubakar Signature & Date Dean, School of Postgraduate Studies iv DEDICATION This is in honour of my late father, Nde Gontur Lar Mbam and my lovely mother, Nana Hannatu Batpomwa; to Ladi my wife and to my lovely children, Ritnen Hauwa, Kamji Suleiman and Nenzarmwa Naomi. v ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS It is without doubt the help of God Almighty; this work would not have been accomplished. Thus, all thanks and praise, I give to Him alone. It is my privilege to work under the dynamic leadership and guidance of great teachers. Therefore, I would like to express my deepest sense of gratitude to my PhD thesis supervisors, Prof. (Mrs.) F. A. Frank-Akale, Dr Jonah E. Amodu and Dr. S. A. Abaya, whose genuine supervision and advice guided me throughout the writing of this work. I am highly indebted to you all for the kindness and support given me. Your insightful suggestions, sharp observation and incisive criticism made my work better at all stages of this research. I am most grateful for your individual contribution to this research and for making the study a reality. My acknowledgement will be incomplete without mentioning others who contributed to this research: Prof. G. S. Ibileye of the Department of English and Literary Studies, Federal University Lokoja, Prof. Jacob Jari, Faculty of Environmental Studies, ABU, Zaria, Mr. Daniel Golau of Hall Mark International School, Zaria, Dr. & Prof. (Mrs.) P. V. Gomwalk of Department of Linguistics, University of Jos, and Mr. and Mrs. Andrew Onoja of Department of English and Literary Studies, University of Jos. Sincere appreciation also goes to the lecturers in the Department of English and Literary Studies, especially, Prof O. E. Ofuokwu, Prof (Mrs) T. O. Gani-Ikilama, Dr. Edward Abah, Mr. Ode Ekpeme, Mal. Aliyu Abdullahi, Dr. Isa Ibrahim, Dr. Hauwa Sani vi Mohammed, Dr. Alti Kasim of Faculty of Education, ABU, Zaria, Prof. Abel Joseph of the Department of English and Literary Studies, Federal University Lokoja and Hajiya Habiba Safiyanu for always encouraging me. Others to whom I am also grateful include my PhD classmates such as; Superintendent of Police Solomon Dantawaye, Nigeria Police Force, Education Office Hqtrs, Abuja and Dosunmu Ademola. I am ever mindful of the unparalleled love, prayer, support and patients of my prescious wife, Ladi and our children; Hauwa, Kamji and Nenzarmwa for their understanding, inspiration and faithfulness in reminding me that they are my number one support team throughout the period of this study. My heart-felt appreciation goes to my relations such as; brother Haruna and members of his family, the Padungs‟, Mr. Samson Inuwa and family, H. Z. Lar and family, Y. Z. Lar and family my sisters Mrs. Naomi Maina, Ms. Sarah Nendirmwa, Mrs Nenman Has. Worthy of mention are Nde CIK Djur and family, Mr. Abel Ochika, Mr. Raphael Nenlat, Nde Vincent Gonding and family, Mal. Yusuf Ilelah, Ibrahim Ya‟u, Mrs. Benedicta Kalla, Ms. Nenbotmwa Ngwan Gowong, Engr. Titus Kumtal (Alias Atiku), Jerome Shangka Danjuma for their words of encouragement. Big thanks to the Management of Federal Polytechnic, Bauchi for granting me the opportunity to pursue this programme and to all my colleagues in the Department of General Studies, Federal Polytechnic, Bauchi, I say thank you for being very supportive of this study. vii Finally, I am grateful to my younger brother, John Musa for type-setting my PhD thesis and to Mr. Kenneth K.V. Acka for his editorial assistance. Thank you and God bless you all. viii TABLE OF CONTENTS Title Page… … … … … … … …. … … …. i Declaration Page… … … … … … … … … …. ii Certification Page … … … … … … … …. … …. iii Dedication … … … … … … … …. … … …. iv Acknowledgements… … … … … … …. … …. v Table of Contents… … … … … … …. … …. …viii Abstract… … … … … … … …. … … ….xiii CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION 1.1: Background to the Study … … … … …. … … ….1 1.1.1: A Brief Biography of Helon Habila … … … …. … ….3 1.1.2: About the Novels … … … … … …. … … ….7 1.2: Statement of the Research Problem … … … …. … ….10 1.3: Research Questions … … … … … …. … ….12 1.4: Aim and Objectives of the Study … … … … … … ….12 1.5: Significance of the Study … … … … … … … ….13 1.6: Scope and Delimitation of the Study … … … …. … ….15 CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW AND THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK 2.0: Preamble … … … … … … … …. … ….16 2.1.1: Variations in Language Use … … …… … … … ….16 ix 2.1.2: Metafunction of Language… … …… …… … … … ….22 2.2: Language of Literature… … … … … … … ….25 2.3: The Novel in Nigeria… … … … … … … ….33 2.4: Style: A Historical Perspective … … … …. … … ….38 2.4.1: Literary Style… … … … … … … … ….43 2.4.2: Definitions of Style … … … … … … … ….45 2.4.2.1: Style as Choice… … … … … … … … ….53 2.4.2.2: Style as the Man… … … … … … … … ….54 2.4.2.3: Style as a Deviation from a Norm… … … …. … … ….54 2.4.2.4: Style as Situation… … … … … … … … ….56 2.4.2.5: The Concept of Foregrounding… … … … … … ….56 2.5: The Concept of Stylistics … … … …. … … … ….58 2.5.1: Literary Stylistic … … … … … … … … ….65 2.5.2: Linguistic-Stylistic … … … … … … … …. ….67 2.6: Approaches to Linguistic Stylistic Analysis… … … … ….73 2.7: Authorial Review… … … … … …. …. … ….87 2.8: Review of Studies on Helon Habila‟s Novels … … … ….. ....101 2.9: Theoretical Framework for the Study… … … … … ...105 x CHAPTER THREE: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 3.0: Preamble… … … … … … … … … ...109 3.1: Research Design… … … … … … … … ...109 3.2: Source of Data… … … … … … … … ...111 3.3: The Sampling Technique … … … … …. … ...112 3.4: Method of Data Analysis … … … … … … … ...112 CHAPTER FOUR: DATA DESCRIPTION AND ANALYSIS 4.0: Preamble… … … … … … … … … ...114 4.1: Data Presentation… … … … … … …. … ...114 4.2: Data Analysis… … … … … … … … …114 4.2.1: Linguistic Analysis of Waiting for an Angel… … … … ...115 4.2.1.1: Sentence Structures… … … … … … … ...115 4.2.1.2: Salient Register and Diction… … … …. … … ...122 4.2.1.3: Concentrated Use of the Dash… … … … … … ...123 4.2.1.4: Paragraphing… … … … … … …. … ...126 4.2.1.5: Other Salient Stylistic Features in Waiting for an Angel… … … ...129 4.2.2: Linguistic Analysis of Measuring Time… … … …. … ...140 4.2.2.1: Sentence Structure… … … … … … …. … ...141 4.2.2.2: Diction… … … … … … …. …. … ...151 xi 4.2.2.3: Register… … … … … … …. …. … ...151 4.2.2.4: Paragraph Structures… … … … … …. … ...158 4.2.2.3: Some Salient Stylistic Features of Measuring Time… …. … ...160 4.2.2.3.1: Sentence Rhetoric… … … … … … … ...160 4.2.2.3.2: The Use of Letters… … … … … … … ...166 4.2.2.3.3: The Use of Biographical Notes… … … …. …. … ...172 4.2.2.3.4: The Use of Dates…… … … … … …. … ...174 4.3: Discussion and Findings (Waiting for an Angel and Measuring Time) … ...176 4.3.1: The Sentence Structures in Waiting for an Angel (WFA) … . … ...176 4.3.2: The Sentence Structures in Measuring Time (MT) … …. … ...179 4.4: Major Findings… … … … … … … …. ...181 CHAPTER FIVE: SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS 5.0: Preamble … … … … … … …. … … ...183 5.1: Summary … … … … … … … …. … ...183 5.2: Conclusion … … … … … … …. … ...186 5.3: Suggestions for Further Study … … … … … … ...187 5.4: Contributions of the Study to Knowledge … … … … ...188 REFERENCES… … … … … … … …. … ...189 APPENDICES… … … … … … … …. … ...203 xii Appendix I … … … … … … … …. … … ...203 Appendix