Medicina Antiqua 2. Content of the library

Alain Touwaide - Emanuela Appetiti Los Angeles, 2021 Alain Touwaide and Emanuela Appetiti [email protected] and [email protected] + 1 626 348 3375

Cover illustration: Carl Spitzweg (1508-1585), Der Bücherwurm (The Bookworm), ca. 1850

The Yorck Project (2002) 10.000 Meisterwerke der Malerei (DVD-ROM), distributed by DIRECTMEDIA Publishing GmbH. ISBN: 3936122202., Public Domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=159097 General Content of the Library

Reference History of Health Sciences

Primary Sources Medicine Pharmacy Science and Medicine Health Care Literature Anthropology/Ethnosciences/Non-Western Auxiliary Sciences Medicines

Philology Anthropology Papyrology Ethnobiology Codicology and Palaeography Ethnobotany History of the Book Ethnomedicine Textual History Ethnopharmacology Ecdotic Non-Western Medicines

History Human Sciences

Periods/Regions Cultural History History of Life Intellectual History History of Belief Systems History of Science History of Religions

Exact Sciences Archeology and Art History Sciences of Matter Life Sciences Archaeology Sciences of Environment Arts Technique and Engineering Graphic Arts/Visual Culture Museums and Sites Modern Art

Conceptual Architecture of the Library and the Research

Table of Contents

Reference 5

Primary Sources 7

History of Medicine 9

History of Sciences 13

Literature 15

Auxiliary Sciences 19

Philology 19

Papyrology 21

Codicology and Palaeography 23

Catalogues of manuscripts 25

Book illustration 27

History of the Book 29

Textual History 31

Ecdotic 33

History 35

Periods/Regions 35

History of Life 36

History of Science 37

Exact Sciences 37

Sciences of Matter 37 Life Sciences 39

Botany 41

Sciences of Environment 45

Technique and Engineering 45

History of Health Sciences 47

Medicine 47

Biographies 49

Topics 51

Pharmacy 55

Health Care 59

Anthropology/Ethnosciences/Non-Western Medicines 61

Anthropology 61

Ethnobiology 61

Ethnobotany 61

Ethnopharmacy 61

Ethnomedicine 62

Non-Western Medicines 62

Australian aborigenes 62

Human Sciences 65

Cultural History 65

Intellectual History 65 History of Belief Systems 66

History of Religions 66

Archeology and Art History 67

Archaeology 67

Arts 68

Graphic Arts/Visual Culture 68

Museums and Sites 68

Modern Art 69

- 5 -

Reference

Chronography History of Science

Chronology • General

Encyclopaedias/Dictionaries of World History • Biography • Ideas Historical Encyclopaedias/Dictionaries • Disciplines • Periods/Regions • Astronomy • Egypt • Chemistry • Antiquity • Medicine • Greece • Science (general) • • Technique • Byzantium • Arabic World • Periods/Regions • Jewish World • Middle Ages • Classical Antiquity • Arabic World • General • Non-Western Cultures • • Topics • • Iberia • Archaeology (medieval) • Ireland • Atlases • • Cities • Scandinavia • • Renaissance • Monasticism • China • Mythology - 6 - - 7 -

Primary Sources (critical editions of texts)

Medicine (see p. 9) • Astronomy • Biology • Assyria/Babylon • Botany • Hittites • Geography • Egypt • Mathematics • Antiquity • Mineralogy • Natural Sciences • Greece • Optics ` • Rome • Physics • Polemology • Late Antiquity • Technique • Byzantium • Zoology (incl. Veterinary medicine) • Arabic World • Middle Ages Literature (see p. 15) • Middle Ages • Antiquity • Early (Pre-Salernitan) • Late (Post-Salernitan) • Greece • Rome • Renaissance • Byzantium Sciences (see p. 13) • Middle Ages • Renaissance • Agriculture • Alchemy - 8 - - 9 -

Primary sources History of Medicine - Authors & Works

Assyria/Babylon Rome

Hittites Anonynus Parisiensis Antonius Musa Egypt Apicius Aretaios Greece Asclepiades Celsus Alexandria Dacians Andromachos Etruscans Antigonos of Carystos Lucretius Apollonios Pliny Archigenes Saint Luke Aristoteles Scribonius Carmen de Viribus Herbarum Seneca Democritus Sextus Niger Dieuches Diokles Late Antiquity Dioscorides Erasistratos Anthimus Bible (Medicine in -) Herophilos Caelius Aurelianus Hippocrates Cassius Felix Homer (medicine in -) Coptic Medicine Krateuas Gratius Medical Schools Hippocrates Latinus Mnesitheus Isidorus Sevilliensis Nicander Marcellus of Bordeaux Papyri Menodotos Plato Nemesianus Pseudo-Dioscorides Philoumenos Rufus Physica Plinii Soranos Pseudo-Apuleius South Italy Ravenna Strato of Lampsacus Sextus Placitus - 10 -

Byzantium Theophanes Chrysobalantes (Nonnos) Theodoros Meliteniotes Achmet Oneirokritikon Vaticanus graecus 299 Aelius Promotus Aetios Arabic World Alexander Aphrodisiensis Alexander of Tralles Abu-s-Salt Alexandria Agriculture Avicenna al-Andalus Christian Anthropology al-Bayan Dionysios al-Biruni Demetrius Pepagomenus Albucasis Efodia al-Dinawari Euteknios al-Farabi Fathers of the Church al-Ghafiqi Geoponica al-Ghazzi Gregory of Nysse al-Jatib Hierophilos al-Kindi Ioannes Aktouarios al-Nafis Ioannes Alexandrinus al-Sulaimi Ioannes Archiater al-Tignari c Ioannes Argyropoulos Alâ-Zuhr Ioannes Chionides Avicenna Kyranides al-Quri (Alcoati) Leo Medicus Averroes Manuel Commenus Avicenna (ibn Sina) Medicina Arabo-Byzantina Ethics Meletios Gabir Mercurius Greco-Arabica Metrodora ibn al-Baytar Nechepso & Petosiris ibn al-Jazzar Neophytos Prodromenos ibn al-Tilmid Nikolaos Myrepsos ibn-Buklarish Oneirokritikon ibn Butlan Oribasius ibn Gulgul Paul of Egina ibn Jazlah Physiologos ibn Ridwan c Psellos ibn Sa id Severus ibn Samagun Stephanos ibn Sarbiyun (Serapion) Symeon Seth ibn Wafid - 11 -

Isaak Israeli Lorsch Arzneibuch Maimonides Maurus of Maswayh) Masawayh ( translation) Qusta ibu Luqa Michael Scot Razi Paris Sabur b. Sahl Pietro d’Abano Suwaidi Philaretus Ramon Lull Middle Ages (Early, Pre-Salernitan) Râzî (Latin translation) Regimen Sanitatis Alfanus Robert Grosseteste Anglo-Norman Receptaries Salerno Anglor-Norman Surgery St. Gall Charlemagne Tacuinum sanitatis Lorsch Teodorico Rhaban Maur Theophilus Saint Gall Tractatus de herbis Walhafrid Strabo Trotula Ugo Benzi Middle Ages (Late, Post-Salernitan) Vinvent of Beauvais

Albertus Magnus Renaissance Herbals Aldobrandi Alderotti Bock Alfred Sareshel Brunfels Alphita Brunschwig Antidotarium Nicolai Cordus Archimatheus Clusius Arnaldo da Vilanova Dodoens Avicenna (Latin translation) Durante Bacon Fuchs Circa instans Gerard Constantine the African Herbolarium England Incunabula France Jarava Gentile da Foligno Laguna Guy de Chauliac Lonitzer Hildegard of Bingen Mattioli Isaak Israeli (Latin translation) Rauwolf John Salisbury Turner Johannes of Parma - 12 -

Renaissance, Authors and Works Machiavelli Manardi Alpago Mercuriale Alpini Montaigne Baldi Nebrija Barbaro Paracelsus Belli Paré Benedicenti Pensio Benivieni Petrarca Berengario da Carpi Pico Bessarion Pius II Budé Pol Campanella Poliziano Cardano Pomponazzi Castellani Sambucus Celsus Servet Cordus Telesius Dioscorides Textor Erasmus Tomeo Ficino Tozzetti Fracastoro Ulstenius Galileo Valla, Giorgio Gorraeus Valla, Lorenzo Jarava Van Forest Lemnius Vesalius Leonardo Vettori Leoniceno - 13 -

Primary Sources History of Sciences - Authors and Works

Agriculture • Aristarchus • Aristoteles • Antiquity • Autolycus Pittanensis • Geminus • Cato • Hipparchus • Columella • Pappus • Varro • Papyri • • Late Antiquity • Rome • Gargilius • Palladius • • Hyginus • Byzantium • Manilius

• Geoponika • Byzantium

• Arabic World • Barlaam • Philoponus • Anonymous Andalusi • Simplicius • Cordoba Calendar • ibn Luyul • Middle Ages • ibn Walid • Kital al Filaha • Hermannus Carinthius • Michael Scotus Alchemy Biology • Alchemici graeci anonymi • Cosmas • Aristoteles • Synesius • Zosimus Botany

Astronomy, cosmology, meteorology • Antiquity

• Greece • Nicolaus Damanscenus

• Aratus - 14 -

• Theophrastus Mineralogy • Historia Plantarum • De causis plantarum • Kyranides • Lapidari graeci • Byzantium • Rufus, De mineralibus • Late Antiquity • Theophrastus, De lapidibus • Arabic World Herbals • Middle Ages Natural Sciences • Renaissance • Isidorus Sevilliensis Geography • Lucretius • Plinius, Naturalis Historia • Antiquity • Seneca

• Ctesias Optics • Dionysios • Eratosthenes • Optici graeci • Geographici graeci minores • Geographici latini minores Physics • Periplus Maris Eruthraei • Ptolemaeus • Archimedes • [Scymno] • Aristoteles • Strabo Polemology • Arabic World • Hero • ibn Batuta • Vegetius, De re militari • ibn Baso Technology Mathematics • Carmen de ponderibus • Archimedes • Scriptores metologici graeci • Aristoteles • Euclides Zoology (incl. Veterinary medicine) • Georgios Pachymeres • Maximus Planudes • Aristoteles • Theo Smyrnaeus • Hippiatrica • Mulomedicina Chironis • Physiologus • Timotheus Gazaeus - 15 -

Primary sources Literature - Authors & Works

Antiquity, Greece and Rome Collectanea Alexandrina Colluthus Achilles Tatius Ctesias Aelianus Damascius Aeschines Democritus Aeschylys Demosthenes Africanus, Julius Diogenes Laertius Alcinous Dionysius Halicarnassus Alcman Doxographici graeci Ammianus Marcellinus Epici graeci Anacreon Epictetus Anaxagoras Epicurus Andocides Eumathius Anecdota Cramer Euripides Anecdota Matranga Fabellae Antonius Liberalis Fragmenta novellarum Anthologia Lyrica Gellius, Aulus Apollodorus Geographici minores Apollonius Rhodius Herodianus Apollonius Sophistes Herodotus Appendix Virgiliana Hesiodus Aratus Historia Augusta Archilochus Historici graeci Argonautica Orphica Homer Aristophanes Horatius Aristotle Iamblichus Ariston Isocrates Athenaeus Itinerarium Alexandri Augustinus (St) Josephus Bacchylides Juvenalis Biblia sacra (Vulgata) Leucippus Bucolici graeci Lexica graeca minora Caesar Livius Callimacus Longinus Lucanus Catullus Lucianus Cicero Lucretius - 16 -

Lysias Suetonius Marcus Aurelius Tabellae XII Martialis Tacitus Maximus Tyrus Theatrum latinum Meleager Theopompus Menander Thucydides Musici scriptores graeci Tryphiodorus Nonnus Virgilius Oppianus Vitruvius Origenes Xenopho Ovidius Xenophon Ephesius Papiri philosophici Parmenides Byzantium Petronius Phaedrus Anna Comnena Philodemus Anoymus super Iulianum Philostratus Anthologia graeca Pindarus Basilius (St) Plato Callisthenes (Pseudo-) Plautus Constantinus Porphyrogenitus Plinius Chronaca Meteorarum Plutarchus Dionysius Areopagites Poesia graeca Epiphanius (St) Poesia lyrica Eutropius Poesia latina Georgios Pachymeres Poesia hellenistica Gregoriius Nazianzenus Poetarum Lesbiarum Fragmenta Gregorius Nyssenus Poetae Melici Graeci Hesychius Polybius Iohannes Damascenus Polyaenus Iohannes Geometra Presocratici Iulianus imperator Prolegomena Platonica Josephus Rhakendytes Propertius Justinus Quintus Curtius Leo imperator Sallustius Manuel Palaeologus Sappho Mauricius Seneca Nicephorus Bryennius Socrates Nicetas Choniata Sophistica (secunda) Photios Sophocles Pletho Statius Plotinus - 17 -

Poetae bizantini Martianus Cappella Proclus Marco Polo Procopius Marculf Psellos Prudentius Stephanites et Ichnelates Saxo grammaticus Symeon (St) Tria sunt Synesius Cyrenensis Walhafrid Strabo Theodoros Prodromus Wilhelm Ockhamensis Theophanes Renaissance Middle Ages Bernardo della Mirandola Anastasius, Gesta ... Constantinopoli Budaeus, Guglielmus Angers Brunus Bedaeus Colonna, Hypneromachia Poliphili Bernardus Chiaravallensis Diaria de bello carolino Eramus Brito metricus Marsilio Ficino Cassiodorus Petrarca Dracontius Pico Canterbury Tales Poliziano Chaucer Valla, Giorgio Columbanus Valla, Lorenzo Duns Scotus Giovanni di Garlandia Modern Greek Literature Guntherus Parisiensis Jacobus Varaginensis Cavafys Hieronymus - 18 - - 19 -

Auxiliary Sciences Philology

Theoretical Linguistics • Latin

Comparative Linguistic (Indo-European) • Classical • Medieval Bibliographies, classical philology • Renaissance

Classical Philology • Arabic • Persian • Greek Etymological dictionaries • Homeric • Classical • Greek • Hellenistic • Latin • Byzantine Lexica, modern languages • Latin Specialized dictionaries Lexica, classical languages • Botany • Greek • Medicine • Science • Mycenian • Classical History of scientific language • Roman period • Biblical and patristic • Byzantine - 20 - - 21 -

Auxiliary Sciences Papyrology

Papyrus

Papyrological palaeography

Disciplines

• Medicine • Philosophy

Albums - 22 - - 23 -

Auxiliary Sciences Codicology and Palaeography

Catalogues of Manuscripts (Greek, Latin, Arabic) • Ruling • Quires • Census • Signatures • Disciplines • Ink and pigments • Illustration (see p. 27) • Astrology • Colophon • Law • Marginalia • Magic • Binding • Medicine • Owner’s marks • Optics • Palimpsests • Philosophy • Dated Manuscripts • Facsimiles of manuscripts • Countries (see p. 25) • Cities (see p. 25) Paleography

Codicology • General • Conferences (proceedings) • General • Methods • Conferences (proceedings) • Albums of palaeography • Methods • Dated manuscripts • Comparative Codicology • Identification of copyists • Medium • Copyists

• Parchment • Paper

• Paper Making • Watermarks dictionaries - 24 - - 25 -

Auxiliary Sciences Codicology and Palaeography Catalogues of manuscripts

Countries Bruxelles Budapest Czechoslovakia Cambridge, UK England Cambridge, MA Greece Chios Italy Città del Vaticano Poland Dousikou Russia Elasona Spain Erevan Switzerland Escorial USA Firenze Biblioteca Medicea Laurenziana Cities and libraries Biblioteca nazionale Biblioteca Riccardiana Alexandria Genova Ankara Hamburg Antissa Ioannina Athens Istanbul General Archives of the State Ithomi National Library Jena Athos Jerusalem Agios Pavlos Kalloni Agios Dimitrios Kerkyra Dyonisios Kiev Dochiario Kopenhagen Iveron Kosinitsa Lavra Leiden Pantokratoros Lesbos Simonopetra London Stavronikita Los Angeles Vatopedi Madrid Berlin Biblioteca nacional Bern Biblioteca universitaria Bethesda Messina Boston Meteorai - 26 -

Milano Roma Archivio del Capitolo Metropolitano Biblioteca Angelica Biblioteca Ambrosiana Biblioteca Corsiniana Biblioteca Trivulziana Collegio grevo Milies Colegio inglese Modena Salamanca Montecassino St. Petersburg Moscow Sinai Munich Sophia Mytilini Strasbourg Napoli Torino New Haven Trebzon Oxford Tyrnavo Paris Uppsala Bibliothèque nationale Venezia Bibliothèque Sainte-Geneviève Verona Patmos Viterbo Philadelphia Washington Piacenza Wien Pistoia Zaragoza Princeton Zeits Ravenna Zurich - 27 -

Auxiliary Sciences Codicology and Palaeography Book Illustration

General Church Crafts Methods Esope Census of illustrated manuscripts Flowers General studies Geometry Collections Gospels Hands Periods Herbals Hours (books of -) Byzantium Hunting Iliad General studies Jesus Illustrators Joshua (book of -) Collections Kosmas Indikopleustes Weitzmann’s publications Law Liber testamentorum Arabic World Maps Armenian World Marco Polo Middle Ages Medicine Renaissance Miracles Missels Topics Monsters Nature Alchemy Nicander Apocalypse Oppian Artemidoros Portraits Astrology Perspective Astronomy Petrarca Beato de Liebana Psalters Bestiaries Rural life Bible Saints Birds Sciences Botany Seasons Book of Kell Skylitzes Celsus Trees Christian de Troyes Tondal - 28 -

Totentanz Virgin Mary Trade Zoology Vergilius - 29 -

Auxiliary Sciences History of the Book

General • Individuals

Printing • Aldo Manuzio • Gian Francesco d’Asola Incunabula • Simon de Colines • Elzevier • General • Estienne • Catalogues • Giunti • Morel • Hain • Plantin • Copinger • Gesamtkatalog der Wigendruck • Greek printing • Pollain, USA and Canada • Harvard Forgeries

Printers Book Trade and Circulation

• General Collectors • Places Collections • Germany • Italy Libraries • Strasbourg • Venice Antiquarianism and Book Market

• Individuals • Catalogues of auctions - 30 - - 31 -

Auxiliary Sciences Textual History

Methods • Plato • Plutarchus • General • Poliziano • Collecting fragments • Pythagoras • Socrates Reference • Sophocles • Strabo • The Classical Tradition: Brill’s New Pauly. • Thales Miletus The Classical Tradidtion (6 vols) • Theocritus • Catalogus Translationum et Commentariorum • Thucydides • Toxicology (books on -) Classical Literature/Science • Virgilius

• General Greek Medicine • Aeschylus • Alchemy • Methods • Archimedes • Conferences (proceedings) • Aristea • Census of Greek manuscripts and texts • Aristotle (chronological order) • Artemidorus • Astronomy • Haller • Avicenna • Fabricius • Basilius (St) • Choulant • Biblia sacra • Daremberg • Boethius • Costomiris • Commentarii graeci • Diels • Consilia medica • Mercati • Cookbooks (medieval) • Formentin • Euclides • Touwaide, Census • Euripiddes • Touwaide, Diels’ Catalogue • Evagrius Ponticus • Grammatici latini • Authors and Texts • Heraclitus • Homer • Aetius Amidenus • Hunting books • Alexander Tralliensis • Isocrates • Arabo-byzantina, Medicinalia • Magics • Aretaeus • Oppianus • Avicenna (in Greek) - 32 -

• Commentaria medica • Moskow • Dioscorides • Napoli • [Dioscorides] • New York • Galenus • Padova • Gregory Nazianzenus • Paris • Hippocrates • Salamanca • Lexica medica • San Lorenzo de El Escorial • Meletius • Sofia • Psellos • Thessaloniki • Severus iatrosophistes • Uppsala • Symeon Seth • Venezia • Theophrastus • Wien

• Manuscripts • Scholars

• Athos • Renaissance • Bologna • Modern • Darmstadt • Firenze Latin Medicine • Leiden • Messina • Inventory of manuscripts • Milano • Catalogue of incipit • Modena - 33 -

Auxiliary Sciences Ecdotic

History

Methods

Scholars

• Renaissance th • Modern (post 18 century) - 34 - - 35 -

History Periods/Regions

Methods • Rome General topics • Monarchy • Concept of civilization • Republic • The West • Cleopatra • Nomads • Empire • Migrations • Emperors • The Mediterranean • Regions/Periphery

Periods/Regions • The East • Balkans • World • Cilicia • Origins • Steps • Syria • Out of Africa • Arabia • Population Genetics • Libya • Tunisia • Near East • Spain • Israel • Southern France • Egypt • Britain • Aegean World • Germany • Crete • Mycenae • Late Antiquity • Persia • Scythia • Barbarians • Greece • Huns • Goths • Classical Period • Lombards • Macedonia • Alexander the Great • Byzantium • Hellenistic Period • Magna Grecia • Constantine • • Phoenicians • Early Byzantium • Carthage • Middle Period • Etruscans • Crusades • Late Period - 36 -

• Arabic World • Coming of age • Daily life • East Empire • Daily objects • Andalusia • Death • Egypt and the Fatimids • Diseases (see History of Medicine, Topics) • Economics • Middle Ages • Entertainment • Renaissance • Family • Ottoman Empire • Gestures • Pre-Colombian World • Health Care • Modern History (European) • Hygiene (see History of Health Sciences) • Contemporary History • Medicinal Plants (see Ethnosciences, Ethnobotany/pharmacology) Topics • Medicine (see History of Medicine) • Music • Army • Money • Cities • Navigation • Culture (see Human Sciences) • Perfume (see History of Health Sciences) • Economics • Private life • Institutions • Roads • Law • Sex • Literature (see Primary Sources, Literature) • Spas (see History of Health Sciences) • Philosophy (see Human Sciences) • Sport • Textiles History of Daily Life • Toilets • Trade • Anthropology (concept of “Being Human”) • Travel • Bathing • Villas • Children • Woman • Clothes - 37 -

History of Science General

• Epistemology • Bibliography • Methods • Conferences (Proceedings) • General works • Periods/regions

• Antiquity • Arabic World • Byzantium • Middle Ages • Renaissance • Scientific Revolution

• Institutions • Museums • Scientists (biography) • Historians of Science (biography) • Societies

History of Exact Sciences Sources and Studies

• Astronomy • Mathematics • Optics • Physics • Physical Geography

History of the Sciences of Matter Sources and Studies

• Alchemy • Chemistry • Mineralogy - 38 - - 39 -

History of Life Sciences Sources and Studies

Biology • Species

Botany (see p. 41) • Beavers • Bees Natural History • Birds • Canids Paleontology • Chickens • Cows Zoology • Dogs • Dolphins • Periods/regions • Frogs • Horses • Sumer • Insects • Antiquity • Fishes • Greece • Snakes • Rome • Squids • Byzantium • Phoenix • Arabic World • Middle Ages • Renaissance - 40 - - 41 -

Botany and Related Topics

Botany • Aegaean islands • Crete • Linnaeus and the Linnaeans • Cyprus • Botanical Explorations • Turkey • Botany • Black Sea • Botanical Code • Lebanon • Herbaria • Jordan • History of Botany • Iran • Palestine • General • Saudi Arabia • Antiquity • Egypt • Middle Ages • Libya • Byzantium • Northern Africa • Arabic World • Tunisia • Renaissance • Other Continents, Countries, Regions Flora • Asia • Floristic Regions • Distribution of Plants • Afghanistan • Floras • Cambogia • Ceylon • Europe • Himalaya • India • Flora Europea • Myanmar • Central-European flora • Nepal

• Mediterranean (mostly clockwise, from • North America West): • South America and Pacific • General • Spain • Bolivia • France (southern) • Ecuador • Italy • Guatemala • Adriatic • Guyana • Greece • Marianas Islands - 42 -

• Marquesas Mythology • Micronesia Homer • Polynesia Poetry • Puerto Rico Corpus Hippocraticum • Venezuela Aristotle • Virgin Islands Alexander the Great • West Indies Theophrastus Theocritus Lexicology of Plant Names Nicander Dioscorides • Authors of Plant Designations • Multilingual Dictionaries of Plant Names Rome • Botanical Latin • Etymological Dictionaries of Plant Names General Virgil Herbals Celsus Galen • Greek Pompeii • Medieval • Arabic Byzantium • Renaissance (printed) Arabic World Late-Antiquity Botanical Illustration Middle Ages

• Antiquity Pre-Salernitan • Middle Ages Post-Salernitan • Renaissance • Modern History of Plants • Contemporary • Transfer of Plants to Non-Native Environments Plants in Ancient Literature • Archaeobotany • Plants (Genera/Species) • Method (for the identification of plants in ancient texts) Agriculture • Bibliography • Periods/regions • General History • Domestication of Plants Egypt • Periods/Regions Israel Bible • Antiquity Greece • Greece - 43 -

• Rome • Plants in Ancient Gardens • Middle Ages • Restoration of Historic Gardens • Arabic World • Gardens (Specialized Gardens) • Horticulture • Botanical Gardens Gardens • Gardens of Medicinal Plants

• Pleasure Gardens Plants, Uses, and Plant Culture (see Ethnosciences p. 61) • General History • Garden Archaeology • Herbalism • Periods/Regions • Herbal Rituals • Symbology of Plants • Greece • Human Uses of Plants • Rome • Medicinal Plants • Middle Ages • Food and Nutrition • Arabic World • Economic Botany • Renaissance - 44 - - 45 -

History of the Sciences of the Environment

• Environment

• General • Hotspots • Mediterranean

• Ecology • Climate • Landscape

• Antiquity • Middle Ages • Arabic World

• Volcanoes • Pollution • Deforestation

History of Technique and Engineering

• Engineering • Glass • Technology • Polemology • Building Technology • Measurement • Time • Scientific Instruments • Water management - 46 - - 47 -

History of Health Sciences Medicine

General • Central America

• General histories of medicine • Maya • Conferences (proceedings) Biography Periods/Regions • General • Ancient Mediterranean • Periods/Regions • Individuals (see p. 49) • Babylon • Egypt Countries • Greece • Rome • Argentina • Late Antiquity • • Byzantium • Costa Rica • Arabic World • Cyprus • Middle Ages (post-Salernitan) • England • France • The West • Germany • Greece • Renaissance • Italy • New Worlds • Mexico th • 17 Century • Netherlands • Enlightenment • Palestine • Portugal • Asia • Russia • Slovenia • India (Ayurveda) • Switzerland • Tibet • USA • China • Topics

See p. 51 - 48 - - 49 -

History of Medicine Biographies

General Crollius, Oswaldus Curie, Marie General practitioners Curie, Pierre Geneticists Darwin, Charles Microbiologists de la Martinirere, Pierre-Martin Nobel Prize Winners Elie-de-Beaumont Pathologists Epifanio, Ferdinando Ehrlich, Paul Periods/Regions Einthoven, Willem Flemming, Alexander Antiquity Fischer, C. Miller Freud, Sigmund Individuals Gall, Franz Joseph Gessner, Conrad Antiquity: see p. 9 Gibson, William C. Goethe, Johann Wolfgang von - Late Antiquity: 9 Grindlay, John H. Hierholzer, Klaus Byzantium: see p. 10 Hopkins, Fredrick Gowland Jenkinson, Douglas Arabic World: see p. 10 Jenner, Edward Jung, Carl Gustav Middle Ages: see p. 11 Landriani, Marsilio Lange, Joep Renaissance: see p. 11 Lavater, Jean Gaspard Laverne, Louis Marie Modern Lavoisier, Antoine Laurent de - Lees, Andrew Addis, Thomas Lewin, Louis Bass, George Mandeville, Bernard Bell, Charles Magendie, François Bernard, Claude Marat, Jean-Paul Bichat, Xaniver Martin, Raymond Bombarda, Miguel Martin, Rudolf Bourneville, Désiré Moniz, Egas Broussais, François McMoran, Charles, Sir Casanova Nicot, Jean Charcot, Jean-Martin O’Horan, Escudero - 50 -

Papanicolaou, George N. Southcott, Vernon Pasteur, Louis Steno, Nicholaus Patin, Guy Störck, Anton Pinel, Philippe Stoney, Edith Plenck, Joseph Jacob Stoney, Florence Poivre, Pierre Termeer, Henri Priestley, Joseph Tissot, Samuel, Auguste, David Procter, William Tourette, Georges Gilles de la - Ramazzini, Bernardino Tschirch, Alexander Redi, Francesco Twort, Frederick William Reeves, James Vado, Ignacio Röntgen, Wilhelm Conrad Valera, Juan Rousseau, Jean-Jacques Valéry, Paul Ruggiero, Giovanni van Helmont, Jean-Baptiste Sachs, Oliver Van Leeuwenhoek, Antonius Saunders, Cicely van Swieten, Gerard Schaudinn, Friedrich Virchow, Rudolf Schelling, Friedrich Wilhelm’ von Humbolt, Wilhelm Schalginhaufen, Otto Vesalius, Andreas Schmuziger, Pierre Schweitzer, Albert Wakefield, Andrew - 51 -

History of Health Sciences Medicine Topics

Abortion Cartoons Addiction Catatonia AIDS Cauterization Allergy CDC Analgesics Cheiron Anatomy Chemotherapy Andrology Child Anesthetics Child Birth Anorexia Cholera Anthrax Cholesterol Anthropology Chronic diseases Army medicine Circumcision Arthritis Conception Artistic creation Consciousness Arts Constipation Asclepius Contagion Asthma Contagious Diseases Asylum Contraception Coprology Bacteriology Cosmetics Behaviour C-Section Bibliography of medicine (Ancient) Bioarcheology Death Bioethics Demography Biography (Ancient) Dentistry Bleeding Depression Blood Diabetes Body Diagnosis Brain Diet Breastfeeding Dietetics Burns Disability Diseases Caduceus DNA/(a)DNA Cancer Dream Cannibalism Dropsy Cardiac System Drugs - 52 -

East-West Great Mother Economics (of Medicine) Gynecology Elderly Elements (Four -) Health Embryology Helminthology Emergency Medicine Hematology Emotions Herbal Rites Endocrinology Herbalism Epidemic diseases Heredity Epidemics History of medicine (in antiquity( Epidemiology Homosexuality Epilepsy Hospital Eradication (of diseases) Humors (Four -) Eros Hygiene Essays (on the History of Ancient Medicine) Hyperlipidemia Ethics Hypochondria Etiopathology Hysteria Eunuchs Evolution Image/Imagery (medical) Experimentation Immunology Experiments Infectious diseases Ex-votos Influenza Instruments (Medical) Face (human) Family Law (and Medicine) Famine Leprosy Fathers Leukemia Feet Literature (Medicine in -) Fertility (human) Lithotomy Fever Liver Forensic medicine Fumigation Magic Malaria Genetics Malnutrition Genitalia Manhood Genius Maternity Geomedicine Matter Gerontology Medicine (concepts of -) Global medicine Mediterranean Medicine Gout Melancholia Great Chain of Being Memory - 53 -

Mental Health Prognosis Microbes Prostheses Microbiology Prostitution Migraine Psychiatry Military Medicine Psycho-soma Mummies Psychology Musicotherapy Public Health Pudor Nature Nephrology Quackery Neurology Numismatics (and medicine) Rabies Nursery Race Radiology Obesity Rare diseases Ophthalmology Receptors O. R. L. Religion (and Medicine) Ovaries Research Rest Pain Rheumatology Paleontology Rhinitis Paleopathology Risk Parkinson Patient & Doctor Scapegoat (in medicine) Patients Schistosomiasis Patients (Famous -) Schizophrenia Pediatrics Scurvy Pellagra Senology Peptides Senses (Five -) Performing and medicine Sex Personalized medicine Shamanism Philosophy (and Medicine) Skin Physiognomy Sleep Physiology Sleeping disorders Plague Smallpox Pleuritis Snake (in Medicine) Politics and medicine Society Polio Sphygmology Populations Spleen Prevention Sport Proctology Stomach - 54 -

Stress Vaccination Suicide Veterinary medicine Surgery Virginity Symbols (of medicine) Virology Syndromes Vitamins Syphilis War and medicine Tattoos Waxes Teeth Weight management Temples Wellbeing Teratology Women Terminally ill Wounds Thalassemia Writing and medicine Therapy Wunderkamer Tinnitus Torture Xenophobia Toxicology Transplantation Yellow fever Tropical Medicine Youth Tuberculosis Zootherapy Urology Uroscopy - 55 -

History of Health Sciences Pharmacy

General • Arabic World • Renaissance Conferences (proceedings) • Animals Countries • Minerals

• Belgium Ancient Pharmacy (Antiquity and Middle Ages) • England • France • Theory • Germany • Italy • Corpus Hippocraticum • Netherlands • Methodists • Portugal • Roman Empire • Spain • Galen • Switzerland • Aretaeus • United States • Doctrine of signatures

Periods/Regions • Preparers

• Egypt • General • Mycenae • Court (imperial) • Antiquity • Itinerant physicians • Byzantium • Arabic World • Discovery of plants activity • Middle Ages • Renaissance • Animal model • Principle of signature Concept and Philosophy of Remedial Therapy • Experiments Materia medica • Places • Lexicology • Plants • Courts • Gardens • Egypt • Military hospitals • Greece • Rome • Market and trade • Byzantium - 56 -

• Pharmaceutical forms and preparations • Psychotropes • Reproduction • Instruments • Scorpion sting • Soporific sponges • Containers th • Boxes Early-Modern/Pre-20 Century Pharmacy

• Pharmaco-archaeology • Manuals of materia medica and therapeutics

• Remedies • Pharmacognosy

• Mythology • Regulation • Homer • General • General • Apostolicum • Ricettario Fiorentino • Balsam • Fueros de las medicinas (Valencia) • Hiera • Invincibility medicine • Instruments • Mithridatum • Theriac • General • Mortar • Medicines, applications, and treated medical • Drug Containers conditions Contemporary Pharmaceutical Science • Abortion • Adaptogens • Pharmacognosy • Anaesthesia • Pharmaco-chemistry • Brain • Drug Discovery • Breasts • Pharmaco-kinetics • Burns • Pharmaco-vigilance • Cancer • Phyto-chemistry • Cardiotonics • Diet Pharmaceutical Technology • Diuretics • Epilepsy • Pharmaceutical forms • Gynecology • Helminthology Pharmaceutical Regulation • Memory • Menstruation • History of Pharmacopoeias • Neurotropics • Plague - 57 -

• Pharmacopoeias • Cardiac drugs • Cholera • Belgium • Cortisone • Europe • Diphtery • France • Glycosides • Germany • Insuline • Italy • Interferon • Portugal • Lominide • Spain • Penicillin • Switzerland • Quinine • USA Placebo Effect Drug Production Medicament Dispensation • Clinical trials • Pharmaceutical Industry • Dosage • Hospital Pharmacy Medicines/Classes of medicines/Medicines and • Distribution of Medicines diseases • Pharmaceutical Advertising • Therapeutic guides • General • Great medicines Pharmaceutical Teaching • Alkaloids • Aspirin • Pharmaceutical Schools • Atractyloside - 58 - - 59 -

History of Health Care and Related Topics

Acupuncture • Foodstuffs

Aromatherapy • Bread • Butter Cosmetics • Cereals • Cheese Crystallotherapy • Chocolate • Flour Essential Oils • Garum • Honey Food and Nutrition • Meat • Milk • General/ History • Oil • Salt • Paleo-nutrition • Spices • Mediterranean Diet • Sugar • Ancel Key • Anorexia • Beverages • Table manners (history) • Vegetarianism • Alcohol • Beer • Periods/Regions • Milk • Water • Mesopotamia • Wine • Egypt • Bible • Cook Books (modern) • Antiquity • Countries • Greece • Rome • France • Costa Rica • Byzantium • Greece • Arabic World • Mediterranean, general • Jewish World • Mediterranean, Jewish • China • Italy • Renaissance • Yucatan • Modern Times - 60 -

• Produces/Foodstuffs/Dishes Natural Medicines

• Algae • Nature • Cannabis • Natural Medicine • Herbs • Natural Products • Pasta • Potager Perfumes • Soups • Antiquity • Special contexts • Analytical Methods • Containers • Summer • Waters and Spas Homeopathy Zootherapy Musicotherapy - 61 -

Anthropology/Ethnosciences/Non-Western Medicines

Anthropology • Cyprus • Israel • General • Iran • Theory/Applications • Saudi Arabia • Yemen • Frazer, The Golden Bow • Libya • Claude Lévi Strauss • North Africa • Jean-Pierre Vernant • Maghreb • Marcel Detienne • Algeria • Tunisia • Methods • Morocco • Conferences (proceedings) • Other Continents/Countries/Regions Ethnobiology • USA • General • Canada • Methods • Mexico • Africa Ethnobotany • Amazon • Argentia • General • Haiti • Methods • Caribean • Analytical ethnobotany • Pacific • New Zeland • Classification • India • Philippine • Countries/regions (Mediterranean, clockwise from West) • Symbology of Plants

• Canary Islands Ethnopharmacy • Spain • France • General • Italy • Phytotherapy (general) • Croatia • Plants (genera/species) • Bosnia-Herzegovnia • Medical Conditions/Actions • Albania • Bulgaria • Antibiotic plants • Caucasus • Aphrodisiacs/antaphrodisiacs plants • Turkey • Cannabis - 62 -

• Cocaine • Expeditions and Explorations • Gynecology • Missions • Liver • Assimilation and Integration • Malaria • Stolen Generation • Opium • The Intervention • Parasites • Pediatry • Aboriginal Genome Studies • Poisonous plants • Linguistics • Psychoactive plants (general) • Land and Land Management • Skin • Veterinary uses • Land Rights • Land and fire management Ethnomedicine • Culture and Traditions • General • Methods • Oral tradition • Countries • Dreamtime • Religion • First Nations, Canada • Mythology • Native Indians, USA • Magic and Sorcery • Mali • Morocco • Literature

• Special Applications • Fiction • Museums • Contemporary Literature • Poetry Non-Western Medicines • Art • Ayurveda • Chinese Medicine (historical) • Dot Painting • Kampo Medicine • Bark Painting • Maya Medicine • Exhibitions (catalogues) • Precolombian Medicine • Tibetan Medicine • Aboriginal Health

Australian Aborigines: History, Culture, • Major Current Pathologies Medicine • Mental Health Issues • Alcohol and Drug Abuse • History of Australia • Nutrition and Diet

• Colonization • Australian Flora - 63 -

• Traditional Aboriginal Medicine • Uses of Plants

• Materia Medica (vegetal, animal and • Alimentary (Bush Food) mineral) • Medicinal • Economic - 64 - - 65 -

Human Sciences

Cultural History • Study of ancient authors • East/West • Periods/Regions • Topics

• Antiquity • Anatomy • Byzantium • Ancients/Moderns • Arabic World • Arts (general) • Renaissance • Avicenna (in the Renaissance) • Body • Topics • Celsus (in the Renaissance) th • Cosmos (16 century) • Colours • Courts • Encyclopedism • East/West • Education History of Philosophy • History (in the Renaissance) • Humanism • Black Athena • Indigenous (concept of -) • Greece • Life (way of -) • Logic • Presocratics • Medicine (general) • Socrates • Nature • Plato • Patronage • Aristotle • Philology • Hellenistic Philosophy • Philosophy (general) • Epicureans • Reformation • Stoicists • Revolution • Atomists • Science (general) • • Shopping • Middle Ages • Arabic World History of Scholarship • Enlightenment • Modern • General • Topics • Scholars • History of Philology Renaissance (Western) History of Teaching • General studies • Renaissance authors • Geneal History • Countries • Schools - 66 -

• Universities History of Religions • Medical Teaching • Mythology Transcultural transmission of knowledge • India • Antiquity • Greece and India • Greece • Silk Road(s) • Rome • Arabic translation process • Christianity • Translation • Greek Orthodoxy • • Judaism History of Belief Systems • Islam • Reformation • Astrology • Topics • Magics • Esoterism History of Music - 67 -

Archaeology and Art History

• Jordan Philosophy/Interpretation of Art • Thessaloniki

Cultural Heritage and Protection • Byzantium

General Art History • Bibliography • General • World • Christian art in Byzantium • West • Byzantium and Islam • Classical World • Regions and sites

History • Cappadocia • Constantinople • History of Art History • History of Archaeology • Museums/exhibitions of Byzantine art

Archaeology • Dumbarton Oaks • Germany, Baviera • Ancient World (general) • New York, Metropolitan Museum of Art • Seven Wonders • Mesopotamia • Middle Ages • Egypt • Anatolia • General • Greece • Dark Ages • Rome • Carolingian • Romanesque • General • Gothic • Antiquity • Urbanism • Religious Architecture

• Christian Art • Monasteries • Mosques • Paleo-Christian Art • Catacombs • Renaissance

• Late Antiquity Naval Archaeology

• General - 68 -

Sculpture • Silver • Rugs • General • Textiles • Periods/Regions Archaeology (special) • Greece • Rome • Bioarchaeology (see History of Medicine, • Renaissance Topics) • Archeopathology (see History of Medicine, • Bronzes Topics) • Archaeology of the Book (see Auxiliary Mosaics Sciences, History of the Book)

• Antioch Graphic Arts/Visual culture • Italy • Jerash • Iconography/Iconology • Madaba • Ostia antica • Methods • Palermo • General • Spain • Medieval • Syria • Text and Image • Venezia, San Marco • Symbols

Frescoes • Book illustration (see p. ) • Drawings and Etchings • Antiquity • Prints • Greece • Rome Museums

• General • Art Museums • Pompeii • Museums of Archaeology • Roma, Casa di Livia • Greece • Byzantium • Italy

Objects • Science Museums • Medical Museums • Ceramic • Pharmacy Museums • Jewels • University Museums (Arts and Sciences) • Pottery • Religious objects - 69 -

Archaeological Sites

• Greece • Italy

Modern Art

• Painting

• General • Periods/Regions • Artists

• Photography • Museums