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Hydrogeology of the Chickasaw National Recreation Area, Murray County, Oklahoma

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Hydrogeology of the Chickasaw National Recreation Area, Murray County, Oklahoma Prepared in cooperation with the NATIONAL PARK SERVICE Hydrogeology of the Chickasaw National Recreation Area, Murray County, Oklahoma Water-Resources Investigations Report 94–4102 U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey Cover credit: Sketch of Vendome Well in the Chickasaw National Recreation Area, by John Havens, U.S. Geological Survey, from a photograph taken in the early 1930’s. Hanson, R.L. and Cates, S.W.—Hydrogeology of the Chickasaw National Recreation Area, Murray County, Oklahoma—USGS/WRIR 94–4102 Printed on recycled paper Hydrogeology of the Chickasaw National Recreation Area, Murray County, Oklahoma By RONALD L. HANSON and STEVEN W. CATES Prepared in cooperation with the National Park Service Water-Resources Investigations Report 94–4102 U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey U.S. Department of the Interior Bruce Babbit, Secretary U.S. Geological Survey Gordon P. Eaton, Director U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia: 1994 For sale by U.S. Geological Survey, Information Services Box 25286, Denver Federal Center Denver, CO 80225 For more information about the USGS and its products: Telephone: 1-888-ASK-USGS World Wide Web: http://www.usgs.gov/ Any use of trade, product, or firm names in this publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Although this report is in the public domain, it contains copyrighted materials that are noted in the text. Permission to reproduce those items must be secured from the individual copyright owners. Suggested citation: Hanson, R.L., and Cates, S.W., 1994, Hydrogeology of the Chickasaw National Recreation Area, Murray County, Oklahoma, U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 94–4102, 86 p., 2 plates. iii Contents Abstract . 1 Introduction . 2 Purpose and Scope . 2 Acknowledgments . 2 Geography and Geology . 2 Landforms . 4 Soils . 4 Vegetation . 4 Precipitation . 5 Geology . 7 Hydrology . 8 Surface Water . 8 Springs . 11 Ground Water . 15 Principal Aquifers . 19 Occurrence and Movement . 19 Ground-Water-Level and Flow-Discharge Fluctuations . 20 Ground-Water Withdrawals . 26 Hydraulic Characteristics . 31 Recharge . 37 Water Quality . 38 Discussion of Results . 41 Effect of Precipitation on the Hydrologic System . 41 Effect of Geology on the Hydrologic System . 43 Relation Between Ground-Water Levels and Discharge from Springs and Artesian Wells . 44 Effect of Ground-water Withdrawals on the Hydrologic System . 45 Summary and Conclusions . 49 Selected References . 53 PLATES [Plates are in pocket at back of the paper copy of the report. Plates are not included in the electronic version of report.] 1. Geologic map of Travertine District and adjacent area. 2.MapshowinglocationsinandneartheParkofsprings,recordinggagingstations,recordingobservation wells, flowing artesian wells, water-supply wells, and weather station, Chickasaw National Recre- ation Area. iv FIGURES 1. Map showing location of study area showing Chickasaw National Recreation Area, Travertine District (Park), Veterans Lake, Lake of the Arbuckles, and principal streams. 3 2–5. Graphs showing: 2. Annual precipitation at Chickasaw National Recreation Area, 1919–87, and periods of no-flow at Antelope and Buffalo Springs, 1910–87 . 6 3. Periodic discharge (1950–56) and mean monthly discharge (1956-67) for Rock Creek at Dougherty, Oklahoma . 10 4. (A1) Annual precipitation at the Chickasaw National Recreation Area (1965–87), (A2) altitudes of water surface for Antelope Spring and Buffalo Spring Pool (1968–87) and periods of no flow at the springs, and (B) altitude of ground-water levels in East and West Wells (1974–87). 14 5. (A) Monthly precipitation at Chickasaw National Recreation Area, October 1985 through December 1987 and (B) daily discharges for Antelope Spring and Vendome Well, November 1985 through December 1987 . 16 6–7. Maps showing: 6. Locations of wells, generalized potentiometric surface, and generalized directions of ground-water movement in the Arbuckle-Simpson aquifer, Chickasaw National Recreation Area, October 1975 through April 1978 . 21 7. Locations of selected ground-water observation wells in the study area. 22 8–9. Graphs showing: 8. Water-level altitude in well 01N–05E–27 DCC 1, located 10 miles east of Park, 1960–80. 24 9. (A) Total monthly discharge of City of Sulphur waterworks wells (1965–87), and (B) annual average discharge (1951–59, 1961) and total monthly discharge (1960, 1962–86) of Oklahoma Gas and Electric Company power-plant wells. 30 10. Water-quality diagrams of selected springs and wells. 39 11-16.Graphsshowing: 11. Monthly Palmer Drought Severity Index for Oklahoma Climatic Division 8, 1895–1987 . 42 12. (A) Monthly precipitation at Chickasaw National Recreation Area, 1973–80, and (B) monthly Palmer Drought Severity Index for Climatic Division 8, 1973–80. 46 13. (A) Altitude of water surface for Antelope Spring and Buffalo Spring Pools, 1973–80, and (B) altitude of ground-water levels in East and West Wells, 1974–80 . 47 14. (A) Total monthly discharge of City of Sulphur waterworks wells and (B) total monthly discharge of Oklahoma Gas and Electric Company power-plant wells, 1973–80 . 48 15. (A) Monthly precipitation at Chickasaw National Recreation Area and (B) periodic discharge measurements of Hillside Spring, 1967–69 . 50 16. Monthly discharge from City of Sulphur waterworks wells and from Oklahoma Gas and Electric Company power-plant wells, 1967–69 . 51 TABLES 1. Miscellaneous discharge measurements at selected streams in the study area. 56 2. Pin readings, gage heights, and.
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