THE APPENDIX

208 1. RAF ORDERS OF BATTLE

AIR HEADQUARTERS Hurricanes & two Fulmars were lost in accidents; HQ: Valletta, Malta these figures exclude losses on the ground.

AVM Forster H.M. Maynard – 20 Jan 1940 to 1941 Fighter Squadrons AVM Hugh P. Lloyd May – I June 1941 to 1942 AVM Sir Keith Park – 15 July 1942 to 1944 Unit Aircraft Period AVM RM Foster – 26 March to Oct 1944 261 Sqdn Hurricane I Aug 1940 — May 1941 AVM KB Lloyd – 19 Oct 1944 to 6 Jun 1947 806 FAA Fulmar I Jan 1941 — Mar 1942 Air Headquarters Malta was formed on 26 Sqdn (det) December 1941 by renaming RAF Mediterranean. 185 Sqdn Hurr I, IIA, May 1941 — Feb 1942 Subordinate to Middle East Command, Air IIB & C HQ Malta was transferred to Mediterranean Air 249 Sqdn Hurr I, IIA, B May 1941 — Feb 1942 Command on 18 February 1943, and then to HQ 46 Sqdn Hurr IIB, C June 1941 — Feb 1942 Mediterranean Allied Air Forces on 10 January (became 126 Sqdn) 1944. On 1 August 1945, the formation was transferred to RAF Mediterranean and Middle 1435 Flt Hurr IIB, C Dec 1941 — Feb 1942 East, and granted independent command status on 800 FAA Fulmar I May — Nov 1941 1 December 1953. Air HQ Malta was disbanded Sqdn (det) on 30 June 1968. 242 Sqdn Hurr IIB, C Nov 1941 — Feb 1942 (det) First Period, June 1940 to February 1942 605 Sqdn Hurr IIB, C Nov 1941 — Feb 1942 (Part) The RAF began its war began in Malta with a token strength of six antiquated Gladiator Sqdn, Sq = Squadron, det = detachment, FAA = Fleet Air fighters. A force of Hurricane’s was flown in and Arm, ref = reformed, Hurr = Hurricane this constituted No. 412 Flight. In late-1940 RAF Wellingtons (five squadrons) were based on the Note: No. 261 Squadron had been formed partly from 412 island and were the only offensive capability Flight, containing 12 Hurricane Mk Is. In May 1941, No. 249 Malta possessed. In January 1941, however, all Squadron replaced 261 Squadron on the island. these were destroyed on the ground in a series of intense air attacks. Meantime, Hurricane fighters were constantly ferried to the island to replace Strike Squadrons losses and to increase the number fighters on Malta. In all, 361 Hurricanes were ferried towards Unit Aircraft Period Malta since August 1940 of which 303 reached the 252 Sqdn Beaufighter I May 1941 — Dec 1941 island, and of which 150 went on to North Africa. (det) May 1941 brought the total force of Hurricanes to 50 aircraft. 252/272 Beaufighter I July — Aug 1941 From June 1940 to the beginning of 1942, Sqdn (det) the defending fighters had claimed 199 confirmed 272 Sq (det) Beaufighter I Aug — Sept 1941 enemy aircraft kills and 78 probables, while the 107 Sq (Det) Blenheim IVF Aug 1941 — Jan 1942 AA guns accounted for another 50 aircraft. All this 113 Sq (Det) Blenheim IVF September 1941 had been achieved for the loss of 20 Hurricanes, three Fulmars, one Gladiator plus another 10 114 Sq (Det) Blenheim IVF Sept 1941 — Jan 1942

209 Bomber Squadrons Fighter Squadrons

Unit Aircraft Notes Unit Aircraft Period 148, 37, 38, 221 Wellington 249 Sqdn Spitfire Vc, b Mar — Nov 1942 (Special Flight), 104 126 Sqdn Hurr IIB, C, Spit V Mar — Nov 1942 & 40 Sqdns 185 Sqdn Hurr IIB, C, Spit V Mar — Nov 1942 21, 139, 82, 110, 105, Blenheim IV 1435 Flight Hurricane IIB, C, Mar — Aug 1942 107 & 18 Sqdns Beaufighter I 830 FAA Sqdn Swordfish 12 aircraft 229 Sqdn Hurricane IIC Mar — May 1942 828 FAA Sqdn Albacore 229 Sqdn Spitfire V Aug — Nov 1942 Reconnaissance Units 601 Sqdn Spitfire V April — June 1942 603 Sqdn Spitfire V April — July 1942 Unit Aircraft Period 1435 Sqdn Spitfire V July — Nov 1942 431 Flight Maryland Sept 1940 — Jan 1941 89 Sq (det) Beaufighter I, VIF June — Nov 1942 69 Sqdn Maryland Jan 1941 — Feb 1942 242 & 605 Spitfire V March 1942 (Mixed Sqdns into 185 Sqdn) Note – 69 Squadron formed by expanding 431 Flight in Jan 229 & 1435 Spitfire V July 1942 (reformed 1941. Sqdns using 603 Sq personnel) Second Period, March to November 1942

This was the second period of concerted enemy air strikes, marked by the arrival of Spitfires Strike Squadrons on Malta from 9 May. The Spitfires soon achieved air dominance Unit Aircraft Period when on May 10 they destroyed 23 axis planes for 235 Sq (det) Beaufighter I Jun — Aug 1942 the loss of four Spitfires. A total of 111 Spitfire’s were delivered to Malta during May, with 25 lost 252 Sq (det) Beaufighter I Jul 1942 & Aug 1942 in combat. In July 1942, Malta had 80 serviceable 248 Sqdn Beaufighter I Jul — Aug 1942 fighters, with an average of 17 a week shot down 227 Sqdn Beaufighter I Aug — Nov 1942 or too badly damaged to fly again. But in exchange (formed from 235 Sq det) 149 axis aircraft had been shot down, with another 38 classified as probably destroyed and 140 damaged for the loss of 36 Spitfires. By mid- November when the raids on Malta were called Bomber Squadrons off, a total of 385 Spitfire had been sent to the Island of which 12 returned to the carrier; 367 Unit Aircraft Period reached Malta and 134 had been lost to accidents or combat. 37 Sqdn Wellington Feb — Mar 1942 104 Sqdn Wellington May — Jun 1942 Reconnaissance Unit 38 Sq (det) Wellington June 1942 217 Sq (det) Beaufort June 1942 Unit Aircraft Period 39 Sqdn Beaufort I, II Sept — Oct 1942 69 Sqdn Maryland, Baltimore Mar — Nov 1942 830 FAA Sq Swordfish, Mar — Nov 1942 I, II, Spitfire PR IV Albacore

210 2. ORDERS OF BATTLE

FLIEGERKORPS X Lt-General Hans Geisler (2 Oct 1939 - 20 Sept Order of Battle, 22 March 1941 1940) HQ — Athens & Sicily Unit Base Aircraft Strength 7./JG 26 Gela Me109E-7 14 s ’s military fortunes declined in the fall I/JG 27 Gela Me109E-7 39 of 1940, Hitler agreed to send reinforcements A I/NJG 3 Gela Me110E-3 7 to Italy, ostensibly to keep his Axis partner in the fight. III/ZG26 Ain-El- Me110D-3 33 He ordered General Geisler’s Fliegerkorps Gazala, Libya X, then stationed in Norway, south to Sicily to 9./ZG26 Gela Me110D-3 15 eliminate Malta, which was harrying Axis convoys II/LG1 Ju88A-4 26 sailing on to North Africa. Fliegerkorps X began to III/LG1 Catania Ju88A-4 40 arrive and take up station on Sicily from 10 to 14 December. Their presence made an immediate 4./KG 4 Comiso He111H-3 12 difference and escalated the scale of the combat II/KG 26 Comiso He111H-3 26 against the island. Geisler used Ju88, backed up by III/KG 30 Comiso Ju88A-4 27 Italian SM79s to perform high-altitude bombing. Stab, Stg 1 Comiso Ju87B-2 The fighting prowess of the Italians was I/Stg 1 Ain-el-Gazala Ju87B-2 30 already suspect, notwithstanding the fact their existing fighters, notably the Macchi C.200 II/Stg 1 Trapani Ju87B-2 42 had were being out-matched by Malta’s new III/Stg 1 Trapani Ju87B-2 37 Hurricanes. This would change once again after I/Stg 2 Ain-el-Gazala Ju87B-2 38 Geisler’s Me109s entered combat. From the start Stab, Stg 3 Trapani Ju87B-2 5 of the war to 31 December 1941, the Italians had lost 175 planes over Malta, while the Germans JG = Jagdgeschwader (Fighter wing) acknowledged that they had lost 81. RAF losses NJG = Nachtjagdgeschwader (Nightfighter wing) had been steeper (See RAF order of Battle). ZG = (Zestörergeschwader (Destroyer Wing) Over Greece, Italian fighter units had LG = Lehregeschwader (Light Wing) been able to claim a 2-to-1 victory-to-loss ratio. KG = Kampfgeschwader (Bomber wing) Over Malta, these ratio slipped badly in favor of Stg = Stukageschwader (Dive-bomber wing) the RAF. Following the arrival of Fliegerkorps X, Stab = Headquarters flight the Italian was able to rest its crews and many of its aircraft on Sicily were Numerals before the dash (/) symbolize squadrons. Roman withdrawn to the mainland. numbers denote gruppen (groups). This was initially a asetback to Fliegerkorps X. The Germans did not have enough short-range + The strength of Fliegerkorps X on 22 March 1941 was: reconnaissance planes on Sicily, their strength normal strength of 520 of which an average of around 350 was proving slow to build up. On 9 January 1941 were serviceable at any given time. The figures displayed in a day before Fliegerkorps X officially began — this column are the standard strengths of units. operations against Malta, Geisler had only 156 Not shown are other non-combat units, planes on Sicily. By early March, however, aircraft which accounted for 77 Ju52/3m transports and two strength had reached 510 planes, of which roughly reconnaissance units having a total of 29 Ju88D-1s. 340 were combat ready.

211 LUFTFLOTTE II General Feldmarschall Albert Kesslering (12 January 1940 - 11 June 1943), HQ — Frascati,

Fliegrkorps II Order of Battle, 4 April 1942

Unit Base Aircraft Strength F i g h t e r U n i ts o f L uf t fl o t t e 2 II/JG 3 San Pietro Me109F-4 25 Stab, JG53 Comiso Me109F-4 I/JG 53 Gela Me109F-4 34 II/JG 53 Comiso Me109F-4 34 III/JG 53 Comiso Me109F-4 32 IV (Jabo), Gela JMe109F-4/B 10 JG53 II/JG 3 JG 53 ‘Pik As’ I/NJG 2 Catania Ju88C-6 17 III/ZG 26 Trapani Me110D-3 20 II/LG 1 Catania Ju88A-4 35 Stab/KG Catania Ju88A-4 54 I/KG54 Gerbini Ju88A-4 31 II/JG 53 10(Jabo)./JG53 Stab, Comiso Ju88A-4 KG77 II/KG77 Comiso Ju88A-4 17

+ The strength column indicates normal strength of corps. Fliegerkorps II also controlled one Reconnaissance unit with 14 Ju88D-1s’, and two transport groups with a total of 44 Ju52/3ms’. JG 77 ‘Herz As’ I/JG 77 Regia Aeronautica Order of Battle,10 May 1941 Gruppo Squadrons Base Aircraft Strength 6 79,81, 88 Fontanarossa MC.200 N/A 17 Gp 71, 72, 80 Trapani Milo MC200 83 170, 184, 186 Augusta Z501/Z506 14, 8 87 192, 193 Sciacca SM.79 N/A III/ZG 26 I/NJG 2 90 194, 195 Sciacca SM.79 N/A 108 256, 257 N/A SM.79 N/A 109 256, 259 N/A SM.79 N/A 144 Stagnone Z501/Z506 N/A 612 Stagnone Z506C 5 613 Elmas SM66C 5 27 18, 52 Villacidro SM.79 N/A

212 3. RAF ACES OVER MALTA

Air Victories Pilots Malta Total Unit Notes F/O George F. Beurling (Can) 26.33 31.33 249 KIFA 20 May 1948 in Rome F/L Henry ‘Wally’ McLeod (Canada) 13 21 603, 1435 KIA 27 Sept 1944, Germany Flt Sgt. Pat A. ‘Paddy’ Schade (Malaya) 121/2 121/2 126 KIFA 31 July 1944 F/O Raymond B. ‘Hess’ Hesslyn (NZ) 12 211/2 249 POW 3 October 1943 F/O Adrian P. ‘Tim’ Goldsmith (Aust.) 12 12 185 KIA 10 December 1942 F/O Claude Waver III (USA) 111/2 131/2 185 KIA 28 Jan 1944, France F/L Ioannis A. ‘Johnny’ Plagis (Rhod.) 11 16 249, 185 Ended the war as a W/C W/C Alexander C. Rabagliati (Malta) 101/4 171/4 46, 126 MIA 6 July 1943 F/O Virgil Paul Brennan (Australia) 10 10 249 KIFA 13 June 1943 F/L John F. McElroy (Canada) 10 161/4 249 F/O J. W. Williams (Can) 10 10 249 KIFA 1 Nov 1942 Sgt. Frederick N. Robertson (UK) 10 12 261 KIFA 17 May 1942 F/O Peter A. Nash (UK) 91/2 121/2 249 KIA 17 May 1942 F/O Robert ‘Moose’ Fumerton (Can) 9 14 249 Island’s top nightfighter ace F/L Ronald ‘Ronnie’ West (UK) 9 9 249, 185 KIFA 24 May 1944 F/L James A.F. MacLachlan (UK) 8 161/2 261 DOW 31 July 1943 F/L Ripley O. ‘Rip’ Jones (USA) 7.7 7.7 126 KIC 17 Oct 1942 F/O Jerry F. ‘Crash’ Curry (USA) 7.33 7.33 601 POW 2 March 1944, Italy P/O Reade F. Tilley (USA) 7 7 601 Transferred to USAAF in 1942 P/O Gordon R. Tweedale (Australia) 7 7 185 KIA 9 May 1942 W/C Adrian Warburton (UK) 7 7 69 MIA 12 April 1944

+ Only aces with 7 victories or more displayed.

126 Squadron 185 Squadron 249 Squadron 601 Squadron +200 victories N/A 244 victories N/A N/A 44 pilots killed

+ Figures shown, account for the entirety of the campaign.

213 4. AXIS ACES OVER MALTA

LUFTWAFFE ACES

Air Victories Pilots Malta Total Unit Notes Hptm. Gerhard Michalski 26 73 II/JG 53 KIFA 22 February 1946 Oblt. Siegfried Freytag 25 102 I/JG 77 Ofw. Herbert Rollwage 20 102 II/JG 53 Oblt. Joachim Müncheberg 18 135 7./JG 26 KIA 23 March 1943, Tunisia Ofw. Walter Brandt 14 42 I/JG 77 OberstLt. Gunther von Maltzähn 13 68 5./JG 53 Died 24 June 1953 Lt. Gunter Hannak 12 47 I/JG 77 POW 5 May 1943 Lt. Heinz-Edger Berres 11 53 I/JG 77 KIA 25 July 1943 Lt. Franz Scheiss 10 67 5./JG 53 KIA 2 September 1943 Oblt. Freidrich Geisshardt 9 102 I/JG 77 WIA 5 April 1943, DOW 6 April Hptm. Helmut Belser 8 36 III/JG 53 KIFA 19 June 1942 Oblt. Fritz Dinger 6 67 4./JG53 KIA 27 July 1943

+ Table displays only pilots who have scored 8 or more kills + Although the Luftwaffe was stringent in awarded aerial claims to its pilots (i.e. claims had bee verified by one or two sources), it did not, however, award shared credit. Its policy was: if two pilots were involved in shooting down a single aircraft, both pilots deserved equal credit for the victory. Hence, each pilot received full victory credit. This can partly explain the exaggerated scores accumulated by many Luftwaffe aces.

ITALIAN ACES

Air Victories Pilots Malta Total Unit Notes Sgt. Teresio Martinoli 10 23 9th Gp, 4 Stormo KIFA 25 July 1944, while with the Allied Co-Belligerent Air Force Col. Dulio Fanali 9 14 51 Stormo CO of 51 Stormo Capt. Furio Niclot Doglio 6 6 155th Gp, 51 Stormo KIA 27 July 1942 (by Beurling) Capt. Franco Lucchini 5 26 10th Gp, 4 Stormo KIA 5 July 1943 Maj. Enno Tarantola 5 10 20th Gp, 51 Stormo

Stormo = Italian Air Force unit that was smaller than a German wing. It had two groups.

214 5. Claims made by 7./JG26 over Malta

Day Pilot Aircrft Location Time Day Pilot Aircrft Location Time Feb 2 Oblt Munchberg Hurr I W Takali 2.41 Apr 11 Oblt Müncheberg “ SE Malta 11.31 “ Fw Werner Leibing “ Malta 2.45 “ Oblt K. Mietusch “ 30km N Malta 11.50 “ Fw Werner Leibing “ Malta 2.47 “ Oblt Müncheberg “ SE St. Paul’s 11.53 Feb 16 Oblt Müncheberg “ Off Dinghli 10.38 Bay “ Uffz Georg Mondry “ S Valletta 10.42 Apr 13 Oblt. K. Mietusch “ NE Kalafrana 10.34 Bay “ Oblt Müncheberg “ Ta Venezia 2.25 Apr 22 Uffz Wagner “ 25km SE Kalaf- 4.30 Feb 25 Oblt Müncheberg “ E St. Paul’s Bay 4.45 rana Feb 26 Oblt Müncheberg “ S Krendi 2.06 Apr 23 Oblt Müncheberg “ Malta 6.07 “ Uffz Georg Mondry “ Kalafrana 2.10 Apr 27 Oblt Müncheberg Sund E Kalafrana Bay N/A “ Oblt Müncheberg “ 10Km S Malta 2.10 Apr 29 Ofw Ernst Laube Hurr I St. Paul’s Bay 6.47 “ Oblt K. Mieutsch “ 10km S Malta 2.17 “ Oblt Müncheberg “ St. Paul’s Bay 6.47 Mar 2 Oblt Müncheberg “ 2km W Marsa 10.45 Apr 30 Lt H. Johannsen “ Ta Venezia 7.54a Mar 5 Oblt Müncheberg “ S Hal Far 5.32 May 1 Oblt Müncheberg “ Takali 7.55a “ Uffz H-N Kestler “ Malta 5.30 “ Oblt Müncheberg “ SE Paul’s Bay 7.53a Mar 7 Lt H. Johannsen Blen IV W Gozo 12.15 “ Lt H. Johannsen “ SW Luqa 5.14 “ Ofw Karl Küdorf Hurr I Malta 12.20 “ Oblt Müncheberg “ SW Luqa 5.15 Mar 15 Oblt Müncheberg Welln 10km NW Gozo 7.50a May 6 Oblt Müncheberg Hurr II NE St. Paul’s 12.22 Mar 16 Lt H. Johannsen Hurr I Malta N/A Bay Mar 22 Oblt K. Mieutsch “ 40km N Malta 4.25 “ Oblt Müncheberg “ SW Hal Far 12.26 “ Uffz K-H. Ehlen “ 30km N Malta 4.25 “ Staffel Leaders Sndlnd E Kalafrana Bay N/A “ Oblt K. Mieutsch “ 40km N Malta 4.26 May 13 Oblt K. Mietusch Hurr I SW Ta Venezia 2.00 “ Uffz K-H Ehlen “ 20km N Malta 4.27 May 25 Lt H. Johannsen Hurr II Grnd, Takali 3.00 “ Uffz K-H Elhen “ 20km N Malta 4.30 “ Ofw Ernst Laube “ Grnd, Takali 3.00 “ Ofw Karl Kühdorf “ 20km. N. Insel 4.30 “ Oblt Müncheberg “ Grnd, Takali 3.00 “ Uffz. H-N Kestler “ 20km N Insel 4.31 “ Oblt Müncheberg “ Grnd, Takali 3.00 Mar 28 Oblt Müncheberg “ 10km S Gozo 5.20 a = Early a.m. Km = kilometers NW = Northwest SW = Southwest Blen = N = North S = South W = West Grnd = Ground victory N/A = Not Available Sndld = Shorts Sunderland Welln = Wellington Hurr = NE = Northeast SE = Southeast

TOP PILOTS IN THE STAFFEL

Pilot Oblt. Klaus Mietusch Oblt. J. Müncheberg Lt. Hans Johannsen Total kills 75 (5 over Malta) 131-135 (18 over Malta) 8 (4 over Malta) Fate KIA 17 Sept 1944, Netherlands KIA 23 Mar 1943, Tunisia KIA 28 Mar 1942, France

215 6. The Ships of OPERATION “PEDESTAL”

FORCE “F” Convoy WS.5.21S Ship Captain Tons Fate Note Almeriya Lykes W. Henderson 7,773 Sunk Carried ammo & military equipment. Star F.N. Riley 12,791 Damaged by torpedo from SM.79 Clan Ferguson A.N. Cossar 7,347 Sunk Hit by torpedo on 13th Deucalion R. Brown 7,516 Sunk Carried aviation fuel. Sank at sunset on 12th Empire Hope G. Williams 12,688 Sunk Carried armaments. Sank on 13th. Dorset J.C. Tuckett 10,624 Sunk Carried high-octane fuel. Glenorchy G. Leslie 8,982 Sunk Carried aviation fuel. Sunk by Italian MTB 31 Melbourne Star R.D. Macfarlane 12,806 Had 1,350 tons of high-octane fuel, 700 tons of kerosene, 1,450 tons of HE shells & heavy oil Ohio D. Mason 9,514 Carried 15,000 tons of fuel. Port Chalmers H.G. Pinkey 8,535 Rochester Castle R. Wren 7,795 Damaged by Italian MTB 26 Santa Eliza T. Thompson 8,379 Sunk Carried aviation fuel. Sank by MTB 564 Waimarama R.S. Pearce 12,843 Sunk Carried fuel. Wairangi R. Gordon 12,400 Sunk Attacked by Italian MTBs 552 & 554 Source: Peter C. Smith, Pedestal : The Malta Convoy of August 1942, 2004.

AXIS FORCES Light Ships 2nd MS Squadron (MS 16, 22, 23, 25, 26, 31) 3rd Naval Division (Messina) 15th MAS Squadron (MAS 549, 543, 548, 563) Three heavy cruisers (Gorizia, Bolzano, Trieste) 18th MAS Squadron (MAS 556, 553, 533, 562, Seven destroyers (Aviere, Geniere, Camicia Nera, 560) Legionario, Ascari, Corsaro & Grecale) 20th MAS Squadron (MAS 557, 554, 564, 552) 7th Naval Division (Cagliari) German S-boats (S30, S59, S58, S36) Three light cruisers (Eugenio di Savoia, Raimondo Montecuccoli, Muzio & Attendolo) Total: Nine cruisers, 17 destroyers, 20 submarines, Five destroyers (Maestrale, Gioberti, Oriani, 10 Minesweepers (MS) & 13 Motor Torpedo Boats Fuciliere & Malocello) (MAS) 8th Naval Division (Navarino) Three light cruisers & five destroyers Land-based Aircraft Italian: 287th, 146th, 170th, 144th, 197th Submarines Squadriglia 18 Italian submarines (Bronzo, Ascianghi, Alagi, 328 aircraft (90 torpedo bombers, 62 bombers, 25 Dessié, Avorio, Dandolo, Emo, Cobalto, Otaria, dive-bombers, 151 fighters) Axum, Asteria, Brin, Wolframio, Granito, Dagabur, Giada, Uarsciek & Vellela) Luftwaffe Fliegkorps II: 456 aircraft (328 dive Two German U-boats (U-73 & U-333) bombers, 32 bombers, 96 fighters) Total: 784 aircraft (328 Italian, 456 German) Source: Milan Vego, Major Convoy Operation to Malta, 2010

216 Ranks

Royal Air Force Abbr. US Army Air Force Regia Aeronautica Luftwaffe Abbr. Air Chief Marshal ACM General Generale d’Armata Aerea General Oberst Air Marshal AM Lt-General Generale di Squadra Aerea General der Fleiger Air Vice-Marshal AVM Maj-General Generale di Divisione Aerea General Leutnant Air Commodore A/C Brig-General Generale di Brigata Aerea General Major Group Captain G/C Colonel Colonnello Oberst Wing Commander W/C Lt-Colonel Tenente Colonnello Oberst Leutnant OberstLt Squadron Leader S/L Major Maggiore Major Flight Lieutenant F/L Captain Capitano Hauptmann Hptm Flying Officer F/O 1st Lieutenant Tenente Oberleutenant Oblt Pilot Officer P/O 2nd Lieutenant Sottotenente Leutnant Lt Warrant Officer 1st Class W/O Flight Officer Maresciallo 1a CL Fahnjnkr Feldwebel Warrant Officer 2nd Class W/O2 Staff Sergeant Maresciallo 2a CL Stabsfeldwebel Stfw Flight Sergeant F/Sgt. Master Sergeant Sergente Maggiore Oberfeldwebel Ofw Sergeant Sgt. Sergeant Sergente Feldwebel Fw Corporal Corporal - Unteroffizier Uffz Leading Aircraftsman Leading Airman Primo Aviere Gefreiter Aircraftsman Airman Aviere Fleiger Flg

+ Abbr. = Abbrevations used in the text.

CREDITS ABBREVIATIONS AOC Air Officer Commanding KIC Killed in Collision The bulk of the photographs found within this COS Chief of Air Staff KIFA Killed in Flying Accident document are from public the domain, the DFC Distinguished Flying Cross MAS Motoscafo Armato Silurante Imperial War Museum or the Bundesarchiv. DFM Distinguished Flying Medal Italian (Motor Torpedo Boat) All uncredited photographs are from private DSO Distinguished Service Order MIA Missing in Action collections. Several have entered the In some FAA Fleet Air Arm RAF cases, I have been unable to trace the copyrighter RCAF Royal Canadian Air Force holder. Do contact me if you hold the copyright to HMS His/Her Majesty’s Ship a photograph. IWM Imperial War Museum RN Royal Navy KIA Killed in Action VC Victoria Cross

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