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The Nutshell Studies of Unexplained Death Stephanie Witt School of Graduate and Professional Studies 100 Campus Circle, Owings Mills, Maryland 21117 1-877-468-6852 accelerate.stevenson.edu STEVENSON UNIVERSITY FORENSICS JOURNAL VOLUME 4 EDITORIAL BOARD EDITOR-IN-CHIEF Carolyn Hess Johnson, Esq. PUBLISHER Carolyn Hess Johnson, Esq. EDITORS Abigail Howell Stephanie Witt COVER PHOTO Bruce Goldfarb Assistant to the Chief Medical Examiner, Maryland DESIGN & LAYOUT Chip Burkey Cassandra Bates Stevenson University Marketing and Public Relations Office Copyright © 2013, author(s) and Stevenson University Forensics Journal. No permission is given to copy, distribute or reproduce this article in any format without prior explicit written permission from the article’s author(s) who hold exclusive rights to impose usage fee or royalties. FORENSICS JOURNAL Welcome to our fourth annual Stevenson University Forensics Journal. This year, as always, we bring fresh voices and perspectives from all aspects and areas of the field. I am pleased to note that a new section has been added this year, highlighting the process of library research in the vast field of Forensic Studies. Our Stevenson University librarians bring the research pro- cess into the twenty-first century by showcasing a variety of on-line resources available to researchers. Also of note is the connection between our cover photo and the interview conducted with Dr. David Fowler, Chief Medical Examiner for the State of Maryland. Assistant Editor Stephanie Witt joins the Journal as a contributor to explain the fascinating Nutshell Series of Unexplained Deaths. We are privileged this year to have the Honorable Lynne A. Battaglia providing her insights into the Court’s perspective on the prominent role of forensic evidence in modern litigation. Judge Battaglia high- lights the interrelationship between the law and science for forensic students and professionals. I hope you enjoy and are enlightened by this edition of the Journal. Carolyn Hess Johnson, Esquire Editor and Publisher 1 STEVENSON UNIVERSITY FORENSICS JOURNAL About the Cover: The Nutshell Studies of Unexplained Death Stephanie Witt Over the last few centuries, there have been numerous technologi- were of no issue, she spent her days designing, building, and perfect- At the time of Lee’s death in 1962, she had created twenty of these cal advances in the field of forensics, death investigation, and law ing the nutshells. She hired a carpenter to build the nutshells to scale crime scenes, however only eighteen remain intact today. They are enforcement. However none are as beautiful, yet disturbing as Francis (1-inch to 1-foot) and she fashioned the items found throughout the still used to train police officers to investigate crime scenes while look- Glessner Lee’s creations titled, “The Nutshell Studies of Unexplained models. Twelve of the nutshells are three sided rooms, including a ing at the crime from a medical perspective. The nutshell models are Death.” Created in the 1930’s and 1940’s, these three dimensional roof and an open fourth side for viewing (Botz, 32). Five of these currently housed in the Office of the Chief Medical Examiner’s Office models were used in training law enforcement to investigate crime models were built as freestanding models, which included interior in Baltimore Maryland. While not generally open to the public, the scenes by methodically searching for and analyzing evidence on doll- and exterior rooms. Immense detail went into every aspect of the Nutshells are thoroughly referenced in Corinne May Botz’s book, The house sized dioramas. Depicted in the cover photograph is the nut- crime scene, whether the details were important to the crime or not. Nutshell Studies of Unexplained Death. Botz’s book provides a detailed shell titled, “Three-Room Dwelling”. This specific nutshell represents Outside gardens contained tiny flowers, kitchens contained miniature look at Lee’s legacy and the passion which drove her to create such a bloody crime scene in which a man and woman are found dead in labeled cans and food products, and windows had working hinges and captivating models which would initially bring attention to the field their bedroom. The immense detail that Francis Glessner Lee incor- locks. Lee even hand knit stockings for the dolls using straight pins. of medical investigation and ultimately influence its advancement for porated into these nutshells is evident throughout the model. While Her fear was that inaccuracy would prevent the investigators from years to follow. these nutshells were created nearly seventy years ago, their message taking her working seriously and, thereby diminishing the value of and value still hold relevance in the field of death investigation today. the assignment (Botz, 33). No detail was too insignificant and each REFERENCES required investigators to think critically about evidence found at a FRANCIS GLESSNER LEE crime scene. Botz, Corinne May. The Nutshell Studies of Unexplained Death. New York: The Monacelli Press, 2004. Print. Born in 1878 to a wealthy family, Francis Glessner Lee was blessed Not meant to serve as “whodunit” scenarios, these models were with a luxurious home life and elite social status (Ramsland). Her instead created to provide a deeper analysis of evidence found at a Ramsland, Katherine, Ph.D. “The Truth in a Nutshell: The Legacy of father, John Jacob Glessner, obtained his wealth from the agricul- crime scene and the questions that should be asked by investigators Frances Glessner Lee.” The Forensic Examiner. American College of tural machinery and equipment manufacturer, the International to gain more information (Botz, 29). Circumstances in accidents, Forensic Examiners International,, Summer 2008. Web. 11 Apr. Harvester (Ramsland). Despite her high-class upbringing, domestic homicides, and suicides can parallel each other creating difficulty in 2013. <http://www.theforensicexaminer.com/archive/summer08/1/>. influence, and expectation to become a proper woman, Lee favored differentiating the type of crime, especially if evidence found is taken a more rewarding and accomplished life. Her interest in law and at face value only. Evidence that may seem insignificant may provide STEPHANIE WITT medicine developed at an early age; however, she was prohibited deeper insight to the circumstances surrounding the crime if reviewed completed her Under- from pursuing higher education, as she was expected to uphold the carefully and in proper context. While evidence may appear exacer- graduate studies in 2008 at the University family social status. She married attorney Belwett Lee in 1898, had bating upon first glance, it may in fact hold no importance if further of Baltimore, with a B.S. degree in Foren- three children, and eventually divorced in 1914 (Botz, 23). During investigated. The nutshells were developed with these aspects in sic Science. She continued her studies at this time, she continued to yearn for a more fulfilling and significant mind. They included minute clues, which would require law enforce- Stevenson University where she received a existence. Despite her strong passion to pursue an education and ment officers to adopt an investigative mindset when analyzing a Master’s degree in Forensic Science in May become involved with legal medicine, the expectations of her family crime scene. For example, some of the nutshells incorporated evi- 2011. Stephanie currently works at Stevenson hindered this path. Her interests turned more specifically to crime dence, which would be considered time or temperature sensitive (one University as the Assistant to the Dean in the investigations as a result of her friendship with Harvard medical stu- nutshell included a package of raw meat, which if investigated, may School of Graduate and Professional Studies. dent, George Magrath. Hearing stories of true crime and complaints give police a better idea of the time the crime occurred). These types that the coroner, police, and investigators were poorly trained in the of clues would give the investigators a path to follow, questions to ask, investigation of such crimes, she developed a strong desire to make an and evidence to investigate further. impact in this field. Beginning in 1945, the nutshells became an integral part of the It was not until her father passed in 1936, and she was free from fam- Harvard Seminars on Legal Medicine (Botz, 29). These seminars ily pressures and expectations, that she pursued an actual involvement were held twice a year and allowed investigators the opportunity in the crime investigation field. (Botz, 26) At the time of her father’s to try their hand at deciphering Lee’s creations. Bringing together death, she inherited the massive family wealth allowing her the means experts from around the world, Lee was able to provide investigators to pursue her interest in death investigations. She established the with valuable training that would sharpen their investigative skills and George Burgess Magrath Endowment of Legal Medicine in 1936, could be applied to future cases. She was appointed a Captain by the after the death of her close friend, Dr. Magrath (Botz, 27). New Hampshire State Police and was soon the first woman to join the International Association of Police Chiefs (Botz, 30). Her forti- Determined to rectify the dire need for training programs in criminal tude encouraged collaboration among law enforcement and medical investigations, she began creating what would later be called, “The examiners and assisted in developing the medical examiner system as Nutshell Studies of Unexplained
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