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THE LAST REMAINING LIGHT: O SUICÍDIO DE CHRIS CORNELL ATRAVÉS DA ÓTICA DO FAIT DIVERS Fábio Cruz & Arthur Freire Simões

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THE LAST REMAINING LIGHT: O SUICÍDIO DE CHRIS CORNELL ATRAVÉS DA ÓTICA DO FAIT DIVERS Fábio Cruz & Arthur Freire Simões THE LAST REMAINING LIGHT:∗O SUICÍDIO DE CHRIS CORNELL ATRAVÉS DA ÓTICA DO FAIT DIVERS Fábio Cruz & Arthur Freire Simões Pires Universidade Federal de Pelotas DOI: 10.25768/20.04.01.010 Índice 1 Shadow On The Sun – Aspectos In- trodutórios..............2 2 Hunger Strike – Apresentação dos objetos de análise..........4 3 Superunknown – Suicídio na mídia.4 4 Preaching The End Of The World – Mídia e Sensacionalismo......6 5 Out Of Exile – O Fait divers barthe- siano.................7 6 Wide Awake – Análise e apresenta- ção dos resultados..........8 7 Head Down – Considerações finais. 10 8 Songbook – Referências Bibliográ- ficas................. 10 ∗Música presente no disco Audioslave, homônimo à banda a qual lançou o trabalho. A tradução livre da can- c 2020, Fábio Cruz & Arthur Freire Simões Pires. ção é A Última Luz Remanecente. Sua escolha é devido a c 2020, Universidade da Beira Interior. uma homenagem ao cantor que faz parte do corpus do es- O conteúdo deste artigo está protegido por Lei. Qualquer tudo. Ou seja, seu uso tem cunho metafórico, como a “luz forma de reprodução, distribuição, comunicação pública do fim do túnel”, especialmente devido a outra temática ou transformação da totalidade ou de parte desta obra ca- trabalhada no corpus, o suicídio. O refrão da obra signi- rece de expressa autorização do editor e do(s) seu(s) au- fica (tradução livre): “se você não acredita que o Sol vai tor(es). O artigo, bem como a autorização de publicação se levantar, fique sozinho e cumprimente a noite que vem, das imagens, são da exclusiva responsabilidade do(s) au- na última luz remanescente”. tor(es). Fábio Cruz & Arthur Freire Simões Pires 1 Shadow On The Sun2 – Aspectos Assim que a conversa se encerrou, Vicky Introdutórios entrou em contato com o segurança particular de Cornell, Martin Kirsten, e relatou suas sus- madrugada entre os dias 17 e 18 maio de peitas. Com isso, o funcionário foi ao quarto A 2017 foi marcada por uma notícia que do cantor e – sem sucesso – não conseguiu res- trouxe o luto sobre os fãs de um dos músicos posta alguma. O guarda-costas arrombou duas considerados mais importantes para o movi- portas, a do apartamento em que o rockstar es- mento Grunge3. Noticiava-se a morte de Ch- 4 tava hospedado e a de seu quarto, até que en- ris Cornell , até aquele momento, sem causa controu o compositor caído, com sangue es- confirmada. correndo de sua boca e uma faixa de exercí- Após um show, realizado em Detroit (Mi- cios físicos vermelha em volta de seu pescoço. chigan, EUA), o cantor causou estranhamento em sua esposa, Vicky. A maneira a qual ele falava não condizia com seu comporta- Começa-se a questionar a sobriedade de mento usual. Segundo ela, durante uma li- Cornell. Algum tempo depois, quando feita gação telefônica, suas palavras soavam arras- a autópsia, foram descobertas no organismo tadas, com erros nos dizeres e, em algumas do músico Butalbital5, Lorazepam6 (quatro vezes, apresentavam uma maneira mais agres- doses), Naloxona7, Pseudoefedrina8 e ca- siva de se expressar. feína9.Segundo estudo do psiquiatra, Tyler 2 Canção do disco Audioslave, da banda Audioslave, lan- 6 Conhecido comumente como Ativan, é um medicamento çado em 2002. Sua tradução (livre) significa “Sombra no utilizado para pacientes os quais sofrem de ansiedade. Sol”. Na música, o eu-lírico se coloca – dentro da poesia Seus efeitos colaterais, quando ingerido em excesso, po- da música – como a sombra no Sol e, ao longo da letra ele dem ser: confusão, inibição de formação de novas me- se coloca como sabedor de alguns conflitos existenciais mórias (quando sob efeito) e ataxia (perda da coordena- estabelecidos. Ela foi escolhida para a Introdução como ção motora). Além disso, o Lorazepam pode ocasionar, um símbolo de luto em homenagem ao músico. segundo o psiquiatra Tyler Dodds (psiquiatra formado na Universidade de Yale), autor do artigo Prescribed Benzo- 3 Grunge é um estilo surgido em Seattle, Washington, EUA. diazepine sand Suicide Risk (“Benzodiazepinas Prescritas Também conhecido como Seattle Sound, o subgênero do e Risco de Suicídio” – tradução livre), uma elevação do Rock, surgiu do movimento underground e independente risco de suicídio, como o nome de seu trabalho propõe. da cidade. Influenciado por outros subgêneros como Punk Disponível em www.drugs.com/lorazepam.html. Rock e Heavy Metal, o Grunge se destacou entre a se- gunda metade da década de 1980 e a primeira metade da 7 Substância utilizada para reverter ou bloquear opiá- década de 1990. Com letras majoritariamente de cunho ceos (que são substâncias utilizadas para aliviar dores, introspectivo, crítico quanto a questões sociais e conflitos como morfina). Utilizados para tratar overdoses narcó- existenciais, o estilo tem como artistas-símbolo os grupos ticas em situações de emergência. Em caso de over- Nirvana, Soundgarden, Alice In Chains, dentre outros. dose, os sintomas passam por: tremores, taquicardia, au- mento da pressão sanguínea, irritabilidade, nervosismo, 4 Nome artístico de Christopher John Boyle, músico, voca- calafrios, tremeliques, coriza, dentre outros. Disponível lista, guitarrista e baterista de projetos como Soundgarden em www.drugs.com/naloxone.html. (1984 – 1997, 2010 – 2017), Audioslave (2001 – 2007, 2017), Temple Of The Dog (1990 – 1992), além de sua 8 É um descongestionante que diminui os vasos sanguíneos carreira como artista solo. nas passagens nasais, utilizado no tratamento de conges- tionamento nasal, consequentemente. Seus efeitos cola- 5 Composto químico de uso terapêutico, utilizado como an- terais vão de tontura severa, ou ansiedade severa, pres- tiepilético, sedativo e no tratamento de insônia. Um dos são sanguínea perigosamente alta (ocasionando, visão bor- efeitos colaterais, quando utilizado em doses contraindi- rada, dores no peito), dentre outros sintomas. Disponível cadas ao paciente, é depressão profunda. O medicamento em www.drugs.com/ephedrine.html. também pode causar sonolência, tremor constante (ou per- sistente), shuffeling walk (propensão a tropeçar, dificul- 9 A cafeína pode gerar insônia, ansiedade, irritabilidade, dade em manter equilíbrio – tradução livre), febre, difi- náuseas, dores de cabeça, reações alérgicas, palpitações, culdade em respirar, além de outros efeitos. Disponível aumento da pressão sanguínea, dores no peito, dentre ou- em www.drugs.com/fioricet.html. tros sintomas, quando consumida em excesso. Disponível em www.drugs.com/caffeine.html. www.bocc.ubi.pt 2 / 11 The Last Remaining Light Dodds (2017)10, as duas primeiras substâncias brindo mais conteúdo do falecimento de Cor- agem nos mesmos receptores do corpo hu- nell, mais informações eram divulgadas pelos mano e, a partir disso, acontece um aumento veículos jornalísticos. No dia 18 de maio, o dos efeitos colaterais. mundo recebia a notícia do suicídio do mú- sico. The majority of the studies found Ao analisarmos dados estatísticos da Or- that benzodiazepines were associa- ganização Mundial da Saúde (OMS), cerca de ted within creased suicide risk. This 800 mil pessoas se suicidam anualmente, e finding was consistente across va- quando se trata de tentativas de suicídio, o nú- rious populations and diferente ty- mero é ainda maior. pes of research, including a placebo- controlled crossover trial, a la- Do ponto de vista científico, mais es- boratory model of suicidal beha- pecificamente da suicidologia, já se vior, case-control studies regarding sabe que, na maioria absoluta dos ca- completed suicides on in patient sos (aproximadamente 90%), o au- units, and large naturalistic stu- toextermínio está associado a pato- dies.11 (Dodds, 2017)12 logias de ordem mental diagnosticá- veis e tratáveis, razão pela qual não O artigo Prescribed Benzodiazepines and é mais possível dizer que alguém Suicide Risk, do médico americano, expõe nú- com o ímpeto esteja irremediavel- meros e relações entre efeitos colaterais dos mente condenado a cometê-lo (Tri- medicamentos que, no caso, podem impulsio- gueiro, 2015, p. 12). nar suicídios. A morte do vocalista foi um choque para o Por conta disso, no presente artigo, volta- mundo da música, visto que ele tinha 52 anos remos nossas atenções à notícia do suicídio de e outros vocalistas de seu estilo (o grunge) já Chris Cornell, utilizando como base teórica a eram falecidos, restando apenas um dos front- categoria do fait divers, formulada pelo soció- men13 das principais bandas do subgênero14. logo francês Roland Barthes. Os fatos diver- As primeiras horas tiveram grandes movimen- sos, ou casos do dia, se dão por uma conceitu- tações nas mídias sociais de ex-colegas de ação a partir de tipologias de artifícios notici- banda, de profissão, além de companheiros osos na busca pela atenção cativa do público o de vida. Ao passo que a perícia foi desco- qual consome a notícia. 10 Formado em medicina pela Yale University, com residên- 13 Frontman é uma expressão que, na tradução literal, signi- cia e estágio na Harvard LongwoodPsy. Dodds é espe- fica “homem da frente”. No mundo da música, se refere ao cializado em psiquiatria e atualmente faz parte do corpo (s) músico (s) que fica à frente da banda, um dos membros médico do Austen Riggs Center, em Stockbridge, Massa- de maior exposição visual. chusetts (EUA). 14 De cinco grandes bandas do grunge, apenas o Pearl Jam, 11 A maioria dos estudos encontraram que benzodiazepinos do vocalista Eddie Vedder, ainda tem seu “cantor original” foram associados a um aumento do risco de suicídio. Essa vivo. Figuras como Laney Stanley (Alice In Chains), Kurt descoberta foi consistente através de várias populações e Cobain (Nirvana), Scott Weiland (Stone Temple Pilots) e, diferentes tipos de pesquisa, incluindo um crossover trial agora, Chris Cornell vieram a falecer. (teste no qual os pacientes são submetidos a várias for- 15 mas distintas de tratamento) controlado por placebo, um Sendo dois grandes veículos de renome internacional, am- modelo laboratorial de comportamento suicida, estudos de bos tiveram conteúdo autoral e cobertura da pauta. O Ti- caso e controle sobre suicídios em unidades de internação mes é o jornal de segunda maior circulação nos EUA e a e grandes estudos naturalistas.
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