Using a Multiple-Evidence Approach Rebeca

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Using a Multiple-Evidence Approach Rebeca 1 2 Programa de Doctorat en Biodiversitat i Biologia Evolutiva Rd. 99/2011 TESI DOCTORAL Slipper lobsters from Atlantic waters: revision of Scyllarus Fabricius, 1775 (Crustacea: Scyllaridae) using a multiple-evidence approach Rebeca Genís Armero València, Juny 2020 Directors: Ferran Palero Pastor i Romana Capaccioni Azzati 3 4 Tesi presentada per REBECA GENÍS ARMERO, candidata al grau de Doctor per la Universitat de València, amb el títol Slipper lobsters from Atlantic waters: revision of Scyllarus Fabricius, 1775 (Crustacea: Scyllaridae) using a multiple-evidence approach València, Juny 2020 5 6 En Ferran Palero Pastor, Investigador Doctor de l’Institut Cavanilles de Biodiversitat i Biologia Evolutiva i Na Romana Capaccioni Azzati, Professora Titular del Departament de Zoologia de la Facultat de Ciències Biològiques de la Universitat de València, CERTIFIQUEN que Na Rebeca Genís Armero, Graduada en Ciències Biològiques per la Universitat de València, ha realitzat, sota la nostra direcció i tutela respectivament, i amb el major dels aprofitaments, el treball d’investigació titulat: Slipper lobsters from Atlantic waters: revision of Scyllarus Fabricius, 1775 (Crustacea: Scyllaridae) using a multiple-evidence approach , i que havent estat conclòs, autoritzem la seua presentació amb la finalitat que puga ser jutjat pel tribunal corresponent i optar així al grau de Doctor en Ciències Biològiques per la Universitat de València, dins del Programa de Doctorat en Biodiversitat i Biologia Evolutiva. I per a que així conste, en compliment de la legislació vigent, signe el present certificat en València, a 7 de juny de 2020. Signat: Ferran Palero Pastor Signat: Romana Capaccioni Azzati Director de la Tesi Directora i Tutora de la Tesi 7 8 A ma tia Rafaela, i a les meues iaies Maruja i Ramona 9 ‘‘...the adaptation of the larva to its conditions of life is just as perfect and as beautiful as in the adult animal.’’ Charles Darwin, The Origin of Species 10 AGRAÏMENTS Sentir-se agraïda és sinònim de felicitat, i jo, per sort, hem sent realment agraïda per l’ajuda i el suport que m’ha donat una extensa llista de persones. Disculpeu per endavant si em deixe a algú. En primer lloc, m’agradaria donar les gràcies als meus directors de Tesi, Ferran i Romana. Gràcies per tota la confiança que heu depositat en mi durant aquestos 7 anys. Sí, 7 anys, perquè treballe amb vosaltres des del projecte de final de carrera. Romana, gràcies per la teua comprensió, sempre disposta a fer el que siga per a ajudar-me en tot el que ha esta a les teues mans. Em vas obrir les portes del laboratori de Biologia Marina, que malgrat ser un grup menut hem aconseguit fer una xicoteta família Universitària. Estaré agraïda sempre a la meua “mare universitària”. I Ferran, moltes gràcies per haver-me donat l’oportunitat de conèixer la ciència fora de les fronteres de Burjassot. Gràcies a tu he conegut el Museu de Història Natural de Londres, el INRA, la Universitat de Càdis, visita clau per a elaborar aquest treball, el Centre d’Estudis Avançats de Blanes, la Universitat de Lodz, i gràcies per fer possible conèixer a l’il·lustrador del Museu Nacional de Història Natural de Paris, Pier Opic, el qual s’ha convertit en un referent per a mi en il·lustració científica. En definitiva, gràcies per donar-me l’oportunitat de realitzar aquesta Tesi Doctoral. No m’agradaria deixar passar l’ocasió per donar les gràcies a una sèrie d’investigadors, dels quals he pogut aprendre molt. Gràcies Prof. Clark per rebre’ns al Museu de Londres i permetrem conèixer les grans col·leccions de larves fil·losoma, THANK YOU A LOT. Gràcies Nacho, la meua estada al teu laboratori a la UCA va possibilitar l’inici d’aquesta aventura, GRACIAS. Peyre Opic, la vostra dona Thérèse i vostè ens obrireu les portes de la vostra casa i vaig saber reconèixer que la ciència i l’art efectivament poden anar de la mà, MERCI BEAUCOUP! Gràcies Ola, per compartir amb mi els teus coneixements en il·lustració digital, al final em fareu passar-me al “lado oscuro”! DZIĘKUJĘ CI. També he tingut l’oportunitat de creuar l’Atlàntic, al igual que les meues larvetes, i conèixer a grans investigadors i apassionats de les fil·losomes. Gràcies al Dr. Alvaro Behnke per deixar-me realitzar la meua estada doctoral a la seua empresa i cedir-me aquella col·lecció de larves, i gràcies al Dr. Pedro Baez per aquella tarda a Santiago de Chile i explicar-me en persona les seues observacions sobre fil·losomes. GRACIAS a los dos. 11 No puc deixar passar per alt als meus companys del laboratori de Bio Marina, Júlia, Alicia, Rebeca, Núria i Héctor. Sé que ja cadascú ha anat a parar a un lloc diferent del món, perquè la vostra qualitat com a persones també es reflexa en la vostra qualitat professional. Féreu que el temps al laboratori fora més que treballar. Gràcies en especial a Joan i Borja, sempre heu sigut els “veterans” del lab i això es va veure reflectit en tots els consells encertats que m’heu donat en l’àmbit acadèmic, i per què no dir-ho?! de la vida! Gràcies per confiar en mi com a il·lustradora científica, va significar molt per a mi. I com no, gràcies als meus companys de carrera, Esther, Maria, Isa, Albe, Inma, Maria Asins, Núria, i un llar etc., vàreu fer la biologia més bonica encara. Però tinc que fer especial menció a la “secta”, Miquel, Clara, Maria “la hippies” i Noe, sou els màxims responsables dels millors 4 anys de Universitat que haja pogut tindre. Si més no, una tesi no sols s’escriu al laboratori o la Universitat. Fora d’ells ha hagut molta gent que sempre m’ha donat el seu suport incondicional i m’agradaria donar-los les gràcies des d’ací. Gràcies als qui heu suportat les nits de “lo dejo todo” Teresa, Jose, Gemma, Sandra i Paula, sense eixes xarrades hagués sigut molt difícil continuar en els moments més durs. Gràcies Pep i Marina, per ser dos pilars fonamentals. Gràcies a Josefa i Francis. Gràcies mama i papa per TOT. Heu sigut el motor i la força de tot el què he fet en aquestos 28 anys. Gràcies per fer-me qui sóc. 12 Índex ABREVIACIONS ...................................................................................................................... 15 RESUM ...................................................................................................................................... 17 INTRODUCCIÓ GENERAL ................................................................................................... 25 Llagostes de l´infraordre Achelata .................................................................................. 25 La larva fil·losoma .......................................................................................................... 28 Context oceanogràfic: corrents oceàniques a l´Atlàntic oriental .................................... 31 Campanyes d´exploració en l´Àfrica occidental ............................................................. 32 Tècniques recents i l’estudi de larves fil·losoma ............................................................ 34 OBJECTIUS .............................................................................................................................. 39 MATERIAL I MÈTODES ....................................................................................................... 43 RESULTATS ............................................................................................................................. 49 CAPÍTOL 1 ............................................................................................................................... 53 Possible amphi-Atlantic dispersal of Scyllarus lobsters (Crustacea: Scyllaridae): molecular and larval evidence ........................................................................................................................ 53 CAPÍTOL 2 ............................................................................................................................... 69 Updated distribution and first description of Scyllarus subarctus (Crustacea: Scyllaridae) decapodid stage. ..................................................................................................................... 69 CAPÍTOL 3 ............................................................................................................................... 79 Revision of the West African species of Scyllarus Fabricius, 1775 (Decapoda: Achelata: Scyllaridae), with the description of three phyllosoma stages of S. caparti Holthuis, 1952 and an updated identification key ........................................................................................... 79 DISCUSSIÓ GENERAL .......................................................................................................... 97 Rellevància i abast dels resultats obtinguts ..................................................................... 97 Ontogènia i larves fil·losoma .......................................................................................... 98 Concepte de decapodid ................................................................................................... 99 Importància dels caràcters larvals en estudis de sistemàtica ......................................... 100 Perspectives futures ...................................................................................................... 102 CONCLUSIONS ..................................................................................................................... 105 REFERÈNCIES .....................................................................................................................
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