DOCSLIB.ORG

Protonation of Germanium Sulfide by Hydrogen Sulfide

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Protonation of Germanium Sulfide by Hydrogen Sulfide Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Retrospective Theses and Dissertations Dissertations 1-1-2003 Protonation of germanium sulfide yb hydrogen sulfide Jacob Thomas Sutherland Iowa State University Follow this and additional works at: https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/rtd Recommended Citation Sutherland, Jacob Thomas, "Protonation of germanium sulfide yb hydrogen sulfide" (2003). Retrospective Theses and Dissertations. 20054. https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/rtd/20054 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Dissertations at Iowa State University Digital Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Retrospective Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Iowa State University Digital Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Protonation of germanium sulfide by hydrogen sulfide by Jacob Thomas Sutherland A thesis submitted to the graduate faculty in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE Major: Materials Science and Engineering Program of Study Committee: Steve W. Martin, Major Professor David Cann Kurt Hebert Iowa State University Ames, Iowa 2003 11 Graduate College Iowa State University This is to certify that the master's thesis of Jacob Thomas Sutherland has met the thesis requirements of Iowa State University Signatures have been redacted for privacy iii Table of Contents 1. Introduction ........................................................................................................................ 1 1.1. The Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell ................................................................. 2 1.2. Electrochemistry of PEM Fuel Cells ........................................................................... 3 1.3. Electrochemical Behavior of H2-02 Fuel Cells ............................................................ 5 1.4. Proton Conducting Solids ............................................................................................ 8 1.5. Compositions and Thermochemistry of Chalcogenide Compounds ........................... 12 2. Purpose ............................................................................................................................. 17 2.1. Thesis Organization .................................................................................................. 17 3. Experimental Methods ...................................................................................................... 20 3.1. Condensate Reaction between H2S(g) and GeS2.......................................................... 20 3.2. Pressurized Reactions between H2S(g) and GeS2 in a Thermal Gradient ..................... 21 3.3. Isothermal Pressurized Reactions between H2S(g) and GeS2....................................... 22 3.4. GeS2 + H2S(g) -7 H2xGeS(x+2) Reaction Products ........................................................ 25 3.5. References ................................................................................................................ 27 4. H2S Synthesis Route for High Purity L.T. 3-D a.-GeS2...................................................... 30 4 .1 Abstract .................................................................................................................... 30 4.2 Introduction and Background .................................................................................... 31 4.3 Sample Preparation ................................................................................................... 32 4.4 Results and Discussion .............................................................................................. 34 4.5 Conclusions .............................................................................................................. 36 4.6 Acknowledgements ................................................................................................... 36 4.7 Figure captions ......................................................................................................... 37 4.8 References ................................................................................................................ 44 5. Exploration of the H2S-GeS2 system ................................................................................. 46 5 .1 Abstract .................................................................................................................... 46 5.2 Introduction .............................................................................................................. 47 5.3 Experimental Section ................................................................................................ 48 5.3.1 Preparation of the Base Material.. ........................................................................ 48 5.3.2 High Temperature Reactions ............................................................................... 50 5.3.3 Moderate Temperature Reactions ........................................................................ 51 5.4 Results and Discussion ............................................................................................. 52 5.4.1 Temperature Dependent Reaction Route .............................................................. 52 5.4.2 High Temperature Reaction Products ................................................................... 53 5.4.3 Moderate Temperature Reaction Products ........................................................... 54 5.4.4 Quantitative IR Spectroscopy .............................................................................. 55 5.5 Summary and Conclusion ........................................................................................ 57 5.6 Acknowledgements .................................................................................................. 58 5.7 Figures ..................................................................................................................... 59 5.8 References ............................................................................................................... 74 6. Formation Reactions for Thiogermanic acid from Ge02 and GeS2 Precursors ................... 76 6.1 Abstract .................................................................................................................... 76 6.2 Introduction .............................................................................................................. 77 6.3 Experimental. ............................................................................................................ 78 iv 6.4 Results and Discussion .............................................................................................. 79 6.5 Conclusions .............................................................................................................. 81 6.6 Acknowledgements ................................................................................................... 81 6. 7 Figures ...................................................................................................................... 82 6.7 References ................................................................................................................ 87 7. Conclusions ...................................................................................................................... 88 7.1 Future Work ............................................................................................................. 90 8. Acknowledgements ........................................................................................................... 91 9. Appendix 1: Equation of State of Hydrogen Sulfide .......................................................... 92 10. Appendix 2: Stoichiometry Calculations for GeS 2 +H2Scg) Reactions ................................ 95 1 1. INTRODUCTION The use of fuel cells as portable energy sources as possible replacements for the internal combustion engine and as substitutes for battery technologies are known to have vast potential [ 1]. While there exist several different types of fuel cells, proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cells are of particular interest for use in personal and mass transit vehicles. Other types of fuel cells such as molten carbonate and solid oxide fuel cells are ill- suited for the environmental conditions associated with a motor vehicle. Specifically, the high operating temperatures (T > 500°C) of the latter fuel cell types create a number of problems that are solved by the lowered operating temperatures of the PEM fuel cell (T < 200°C). Polymer-based membranes are some of the best candidates for the PEM fuel cell for several reasons [1]. Polymer membranes offer a lower operation temperature resulting in a quicker and less-wasteful start-up of the fuel cell stack. Industry wide, different polymer electrolyte membranes have some commonalities. Generally, they are made from sulphonated fluoropolymers most typically fluroethylene [2]. Nation® (DuPont) is the best known of these fluoropolymers. Nation is chemically resistant, mechanically strong and has excellent proton conductivity. However, polymer electrolyte based fuel cells, like those that use Nation, have some substantial problems. Problems with Nation and various adaptations of it include fuel cross-over and cell hydration. Fuel cross-over results when a fuel, e.g. methanol in direct methanol fuel cells, is directly absorbed by the polymer and transferred directly from the anode to the cathode resulting
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Thesis and Characterisation of Novel Precursors for the CVD of Tin Sulfides and Related Materials
    University of Bath PHD The synthesis and characterisation of novel precursors for the CVD of tin sulfides and related materials Kana, Aliki Theodora Award date: 2002 Awarding institution: University of Bath Link to publication Alternative formats If you require this document in an alternative format, please contact: [email protected] General rights Copyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the public portal are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. • Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the public portal for the purpose of private study or research. • You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain • You may freely distribute the URL identifying the publication in the public portal ? Take down policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. Download date: 08. Oct. 2021 THE SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERISATION OF NOVEL PRECURSORS FOR THE CVD OF TIN SULFIDES AND RELATED MATERIALS Submitted by Aliki Theodora Kana for the degree of PhD of the University of Bath 2002 COPYRIGHT Attention is drawn to the fact that copyright of this thesis rests with its author. This copy of the thesis has been supplied on condition that anyone who consults it is understood to recognise that its copyright rests with its author and that no quotation from the thesis and no information derived from it may be published without the prior written consent of the author.
    [Show full text]
  • Book of Abstracts 26 - 28 May, 2021 Virtual Joint Conferences
    International Surfaces, Graphene Korea 2021 Coatings and Interfaces Conference International Conference BOOK OF ABSTRACTS 26 - 28 MAY, 2021 VIRTUAL JOINT CONFERENCES Organizer www.setcor.org SurfCoat / Graphene Korea 2021 Joint Virtual Conferences Preliminary Program 26 - 28 May 2021 (GMT + 2 Time Zone) 26 May, 2021 SurfCoat Korea 2021 Session I.A Surface treatments and coatings deposition, functionalization, modelling and characterization Session’s Chairs: Prof. Hee-Jung Im, Jeju National University, Rep. of Korea Prof. Christopher Berndt, Swinburne University of Technology, Australia Highly durable, transparent and superwetting multifunctional Prof. Jinglei Yang, The nanocoating Hong Kong University of 09:00 - 09:30 J. Yang Science and Technology, Hong Kong Icephobic materials: Current research advances and application Prof. Jie Tao, Nanjing 09:30 - 10:00 challenges University of Aeronautics J. Tao, Y. Shen and Z. Chen and Astronautics, China Trends and spray pattern flattening by optimizing nozzle shape Prof. Kazuhiko Sakaki, 10:00 - 10:30 in cold spray Shinshu University, Japan K. Sakaki 10:30 - 11:00 Morning Break High power impulse magnetron sputtering: a flexible tool for Prof. Tomas Kubart, 11:00 - 11:30 synthesis of high performance materials Uppsala University, T. Kubart Sweden Plasma Treatment of Polytetrafluoroethylene in Nitrogen with Wa- Ms. Sukma Wahyu 11:30 - 11:45 ter/Ethanol Vapor Dielectric Barrier Discharge Plasma Fitriani, Kochi University of S.W. Fitriani, H. Yajima, F. Hisroshi and A. Hatta Technology, Japan Cefazolin- chitosan composite coatings on titanium implant with Ms Hui-Min Huang, antibacterial ability National Kaohsiung 11:45 - 12:00 H-M. Huang University of Science and Technology, Taiwan 12:00 - 13:30 Lunch Break Graphene Korea 2021 Session I: Graphene and 2D Materials, Growth, synthesis, modification and functionalization and Characterization Session’s Chairs: Dr.
    [Show full text]
  • Exploration of the Hydrogen Sulfideâ‹™Germanium Sulfide System
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Digital Repository @ Iowa State University Materials Science and Engineering Publications Materials Science and Engineering 4-6-2004 Exploration of the Hydrogen Sulfide−Germanium Sulfide ysS tem Jacob T. Sutherland Iowa State University Steven A. Poling Iowa State University Renaud C. Belin Iowa State University Steve W. Martin Iowa State University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: http://lib.dr.iastate.edu/mse_pubs Part of the Ceramic Materials Commons, Inorganic Chemistry Commons, and the Materials Chemistry Commons The ompc lete bibliographic information for this item can be found at http://lib.dr.iastate.edu/ mse_pubs/62. For information on how to cite this item, please visit http://lib.dr.iastate.edu/ howtocite.html. This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Materials Science and Engineering at Digital Repository @ Iowa State University. It has been accepted for inclusion in Materials Science and Engineering Publications by an authorized administrator of Digital Repository @ Iowa State University. For more information, please contact [email protected]. 1226 Chem. Mater. 2004, 16, 1226-1231 Exploration of the Hydrogen Sulfide-Germanium Sulfide System Jacob T. Sutherland, Steven A. Poling, Renaud C. Belin, and Steve W. Martin* Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011 Received October 10, 2003. Revised Manuscript Received December 30, 2003 In the present work, the (x)H2S + (1-x)GeS2 system has been systematically investigated to determine the incorporation of hydrogen into the tetrahedral germanium sulfide network.
    [Show full text]
  • Free Download
    ALB Materials Inc 2360 Corporate Circle . Suite 400 Website: www.albmaterials.com Henderson, NV 89074-7739 E-mail: [email protected] Item No. Product Name CAS Number Formula Purity ALB‐semi‐AlSb Aluminum Antimonide [25152‐52‐7] AlSb 5N ALB‐semi‐Al2Se3 Aluminum Selenide [1302‐82‐5] Al2Se3 5N ALB‐semi‐Al2S3 Aluminum Sulfide [1302‐81‐4] Al2S3 5N ALB‐semi‐Al2Te3 Aluminum Telluride [12043‐29‐7] Al2Te3 5N ALB‐semi‐Sb Antimony [7440‐36‐0] Sb 5N, 6N ALB‐semi‐Sb2Se3 Antimony Selenide [1315‐05‐5] Sb2Se3 5N ALB‐semi‐Sb2S3 Antimony Sulfide [1345‐04‐6] Sb2S3 5N ALB‐semi‐Sb2Te3 Antimony Telluride [1327‐50‐0] Sb2Te3 4N, 5N ALB‐semi‐SbI3 Antimony(III) Iodide [7790‐44‐5] SbI3 4N ALB‐semi‐Sb2O3 Antimony(III) Oxide [1309‐64‐4] Sb2O3 5N ALB‐semi‐Sb2O5 Antimony(V) Oxide [1314‐60‐9] Sb2O5 5N ALB‐semi‐As2Se3 Arsenic Selenide [1303‐36‐2] As2Se3 5N ALB‐semi‐As2S3 Arsenic Sulfide [1303‐33‐9] As2S3 5N ALB‐semi‐Bi2O3 Bismuth Oxide [1304‐76‐3] Bi2O3 5N ALB‐semi‐Bi2Se3 Bismuth Selenide [12068‐69‐8] Bi2Se3 5N ALB‐semi‐Bi2S3 Bismuth Sulfide [1345‐07‐9] Bi2S3 5N ALB‐semi‐Bi2Te3 Bismuth Telluride [1304‐82‐1] Bi2Te3 4N, 5N ALB‐semi‐Cd Cadmium [7440‐43‐9]Inc Cd 5N, 6N, 7N ALB‐semi‐CdSb Cadmium Antimonide [12050‐27‐0] CdSb 5N ALB‐semi‐Cd3As2 Cadmium Arsenide [12006‐15‐4] Cd3As2 5N ALB‐semi‐CdSe Cadmium Selenide [1306‐24‐7] CdSe 4N, 5N ALB‐semi‐Cd2SnO4 Cadmium Stannate [12185‐56‐7] Cd2SnO4 5N ALB‐semi‐CdS Cadmium Sulfide [1306‐23‐6] CdS 4N, 5N ALB‐semi‐CdTe Cadmium Telluride [1306‐25‐8] CdTe 5N ALB‐semi‐Cu2S Copper Sulfide [22205‐45‐4] Cu2S 5N ALB‐semi‐GaSb Gallium Antimonide
    [Show full text]
  • Sem Icond Uctors: Data Handbook
    Otfried Madelung Sem icond uctors: Data Handbook 3rdedition Springer Short table of contents (for a more detailed table of contents see the following pages) A Introduction 1 General remarks to the structure of the volume .................................................................................... 1 2 Physical quantities tabulated in this volume ......................................................................................... 2 B Tetrahedrally bonded elements and compounds 1 Elements ofthe IVth group and IV-IV compounds ................................................ ....................... 7 2 111-V compounds .................................................................. 3 11-VI compounds ..................................................................................................... 4 I-VI1 compounds .................................................. ...................................................... 245 5 II12-V13 compounds .................................................................................................. 6 I-III-V12 compounds ..................................................................... 7 II-IV-V2 compounds ......................... ............................................................................... 329 8 I2-IV-VI3 compounds .......................................................................... ............................. 359 9 13-V-vI4 compounds ......................... ...................................................................................... 367
    [Show full text]
  • A Thermodynamic Study of Germanium Sulfides
    Scholars' Mine Masters Theses Student Theses and Dissertations 1960 A thermodynamic study of germanium sulfides Sham Lal Malhotra Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarsmine.mst.edu/masters_theses Part of the Metallurgy Commons Department: Recommended Citation Malhotra, Sham Lal, "A thermodynamic study of germanium sulfides" (1960). Masters Theses. 2798. https://scholarsmine.mst.edu/masters_theses/2798 This thesis is brought to you by Scholars' Mine, a service of the Missouri S&T Library and Learning Resources. This work is protected by U. S. Copyright Law. Unauthorized use including reproduction for redistribution requires the permission of the copyright holder. For more information, please contact [email protected]. A THERMODYNAMIC STUDY OF GERMANIUM SULFIDES BY SHAM LAL .MALHOTRA A THESIS Submitted to the faculty of the SCHOOL· OF MINES AND METALLURGY ·OF THE UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI in partial fulfillment of the work required for the Degree o~ MASTER OF SCIENCE IN METALLURGICAL ENGINEERING ABSTRACT The vapour pressure of germanium monosulfide (liquid) was determined by a boiling point method. An expression forthe vapour pressure as a function of ·temperature was obtain~d. and the heat of vapourization calculated.. Using the heat of sub­ limation data obtained by other investigators, the heat of fusion was calculated. The thermodynan1ic properties, change of standard-free 0 0 energy(fi FQ) heat content·(~ H ) and entropy (~ s ); of ger­ manium disulfide were determined by using an indirect method. The equilibr_ium H2S/}k0 ratios are determined for the reaction: GeS2(s) + 2H20(g) = Ge02(s) + 2~2S(g), in the temperature . range of 410-560°C by using a fiow method and extrapolating the values of H2S/~o ratios to zero flow rate.
    [Show full text]
  • The Radiochemistry of Germanium COMMITTEE on NUCLEAR SCIENCE
    National Academy of Sciences NationalI Research council B NUCLEAR SCIENCE SERIES The Radiochemistry of Germanium COMMITTEE ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE L. F.CURTISS,Chairman ROBLEY D.EVANS,ViceChairman NationalBureauofStandards MassachusettsInstituteofTechnology J.A,DeJUREN, Secvetary WestinghouseElectricCorporation C.J.BORKOWSKI J.W. IRVINE,JR. Oak RidgeNationalLaboratory MassachusettsInstituteofTechnology ROBERT G. COCHRAN E.D.KLEMA TexasAgriculturalandMechanical NorthwesternUniversity College W. WAYNE MEINKE SAMUEL EPSTEIN UniversityofMichigan CaliforniaInstituteofTechnology J.J.NICKSON U. FANO MemorialHospital,New York NationalBureauofStandards ROBERT L.PLATZMAN HERBERT GOLDSTEIN Laboratoirede ChimiePhysique NuclearDevelopmentCorporationof D. M. VAN PATTER America BartolResearchFoundation LIAISON MEMBERS PAUL C.AEBERSOLD CHARLES K.REED AtomicEnergyCommission U.S.AirForce J.HOWARD McMILLEN WILLIAM E.WRIGHT NationalScienceFoundation OfficeofNavalResearch SUBCOMMITTEE ON RADIOCHEMISTRY W. WAYNE ME INKE,Chairman HAROLD KIRBY UniversityofMichigan Mound Laboratory GREGORY R. CHOPPIN GEORGE LEDDICOTTE FloridaStateUniversity Oak RidgeNationalLaboratory GEORGE A.COWAN JULIAN NIELSEN Los AlamosScientificLaboratory HanfordLaboratories ARTHUR W. FAIRHALL ELLIS P.STEINBERG UniversityofWashington ArgonneNationalLaboratory JEROME HUDIS PETER C. STEVENSON BrookhavenNationalLaboratory UniversityofCalifornia(Livermore) EARL HYDE LEO YAFFE UniversityofCalifornia(Berkeley) McGillUniversity CONSULTANTS NATHAN BALLOU JAMES DeVOE NavalRadiologicalDefenseLaboratory
    [Show full text]
  • The Effect of Tin on PECVD-Deposited Germanium Sulfide Thin Films for Resistive RAM Devices
    Materials Sciences and Applications, 2017, 8, 188-196 http://www.scirp.org/journal/msa ISSN Online: 2153-1188 ISSN Print: 2153-117X The Effect of Tin on PECVD-Deposited Germanium Sulfide Thin Films for Resistive RAM Devices Rene Rodriguez*, Benjamin Poulter, Mateo Gonzalez, Fadil Ali, Lisa D. Lau, McKenzie Mangun Department of Chemistry, Idaho State University, Pocatello, ID, USA How to cite this paper: Rodriguez, R., Abstract Poulter, B., Gonzalez, M., Ali, F., Lau, L.D. and Mangun, M. (2017) The Effect of Tin Resistive RAM is a promising, relatively new type of memory with fast on PECVD-Deposited Germanium Sulfide switching characteristics. Metal chalcogenide films have been used as the Thin Films for Resistive RAM Devices. Ma- amorphous semiconductor layer in these types of devices. The amount of terials Sciences and Applications, 8, 188- crystallinity present in the films may be important for both reliable operation 196. https://doi.org/10.4236/msa.2017.82012 and increased longevity of the devices. Germanium sulfide films can be used for these devices, and a possible way to tune the crystalline content of the Received: December 31, 2016 films is by substituting Sn for some of the Ge atoms in the film. Thin films of Accepted: February 4, 2017 Ge Sn S containing varying amounts of tin were deposited in a plasma en- Published: February 7, 2017 x y z hanced chemical vapor deposition reactor. Films with 2%, 8%, 15%, 26%, and Copyright © 2017 by authors and 34% atomic percentage Sn were deposited to determine crystallinity and Scientific Research Publishing Inc. structural information with XRD and Raman spectroscopy.
    [Show full text]
  • Semiconductors: Data Handbook H Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg Gmbh Otfried Madelung
    Semiconductors: Data Handbook H Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg GmbH Otfried Madelung Semiconductors: Data Handbook 3rd edition 123 Proff. Dr. Ot frie d Madelung Am Kornacker 18 35041 Marburg Germany The 1st ed. was published in 2 volumes in the series “Data in Science and Technology”. The 2nd revised ed. was published under title “Semiconductors – Basic Data” . Additional material to this book can be downloaded from http://extras.springer.com ISBN 978-3-642-62332-5 ISBN 978-3-642-18865-7 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-3-642-18865-7 Cataloging-in-Publication Data appliedf fof r Bibliographic infformation published by Die Deutsche Bibliothek Die Deutsche Bibliothek lists this publication in the Deutsche Nationalbibliograffie ; detailed bibliographic data is available in the Internet at <http://dnb.ddb.de>. This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of tfhe material is concerned, speciffically the rights off trans lation, reprinting, reuse of if llustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfiff lm or in other ways, and storage in data banks. Duplication of tfhis publication or parts thereof is permitte d only under the provisions of tfhe German Copyright Law offSeptem ber 9, 1965, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer-Verlag..Vio lations are liable for prosecution under German Copyright Lawaaw .w © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 1991, 1992, 1996, and 2004 Originally published by Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg New York in 2004 Softcover reprint of the hardcover 3rd edition 2004 http://www.springeronline.com The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks,, etc.
    [Show full text]
  • Radiochemistry of Germanium
    Jointly published by Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry, Articles, Elsevier Science S. A., Lausanne and Vol. 202, Nos 1-2 (1996) 7-102 Akaddmiai Kiad6, Budapest Renew RADIOCHEMISTRY OF GERMANIUM S. MIRZADEH,* R. M. LAMBRECHT** *Nuclear Medicine Group, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37830 (USA) **Biomedicine and Health, Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, Menai,NSW (Australia) (Received March 13, 1995) Contents 1. Some general information 9 1.1 Natural occurrence 9 1.2 Environmental concentrations 13 1.3 Toxicity 14 1.4 Applications 15 2, General review of the inorganic and analytical chemistry of germanium 16 2".1 Germanium metal 16 2.2 Germanium compounds 19 a. Hydrides 21 b. Halides 22 c. Oxides 23 d. Sulfides 23 e. Organometallic compounds 24 2.3 Electrochemistry 25 2.4 Detection of germanium 25 a. Activation analysis 26 3. Production of germanium radioisotopes 27 4= A summary of the chemical behavior of carrier-free germanium-68 32 5, Hot-atom chemistry of germanium 34 6. Separation methods 38 6.1 Volatilization and gas chromatography 39 6.2 Precipitation and coprecipitation 41 a. Reaction with hydrogen sulfide 41 b. Coprecipitation with acid-insoluble sulfides 42 c. Coprecipitation with hydroxides of group III elements 43 0236-5731196/US $ 32.0 Copyright 1996 Akad#miai Kiad6, Budapest All rights reserved S. M1RZADEH, R. M. LAMBRECHT: RADIOCHEMISTRY OF GERMANIUM 6.3 Extraction 44 a. Extraction with organic solvents 44 b. Extraction of germanium complexes 48 c. Extraction with hydroxyl-containing organic ligands 51 6.4 Ion-exchange chromatography 52 a. Cation exchange 53 b.
    [Show full text]
  • Metal Sulfides and Their Lithium Storage Properties
    This document is downloaded from DR‑NTU (https://dr.ntu.edu.sg) Nanyang Technological University, Singapore. Metal sulfides and their lithium storage properties Liu, Weiling 2017 Liu, W. (2017). Metal sulfides and their lithium storage properties. Doctoral thesis, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore. http://hdl.handle.net/10356/69644 https://doi.org/10.32657/10356/69644 Downloaded on 11 Oct 2021 05:05:07 SGT METAL SULFIDES AND THEIR LITHIUM STORAGE PROPERTIES LIU WEILING SCHOOL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2017 METAL SULFIDES AND THEIR LITHIUM STORAGE PROPERTIES LIU WEILING SCHOOL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A thesis submitted to the Nanyang Technological University in partial fulfilment of the requirement for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy 2017 Statement of Originality I hereby certify that the work embodied in this thesis is the result of original research and has not been submitted for a higher degree to any other University or Institution. 11 Aug 2016 . Date Liu Weiling Abstract Abstract Lithium ion battery (LIB) is currently one of the most widely used forms of rechargeable energy storage system in portable electronics. To achieve LIB with enhanced lithium storage properties, better safety aspects and lower cost, extensive research has been conducted on the various components of a LIB for the past few decades. Although graphite is currently used as the anode material in most commercial LIB, its limited capacity and the safety issues related to its low electrochemical potential ( vs. Li/Li +) have prompted scientists to search for alternative materials. Amongst the various conversion-typed materials, metal sulfides are particularly interesting as sulfur (S) has a rich and versatile chemistry, thus providing the possibility of altering the lithium storage properties of the materials by simply varying the stoichiometric ratio between the metal and sulfide ion in the compound.
    [Show full text]
  • PHASE TRANSITIONS, METALLIZATION, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY and MAGNETIC ORDERING in DENSE CARBON DISULFIDE and CHEMICAL ANALOGS by LIYA
    PHASE TRANSITIONS, METALLIZATION, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND MAGNETIC ORDERING IN DENSE CARBON DISULFIDE AND CHEMICAL ANALOGS By LIYANAGAMAGE RANGANATH PRABASHWARA DIAS A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY WASHINGTON STATE UNIVERSITY Department of Physics and Astronomy July 2013 i To the Faculty of Washington State University: The members of the Committee appointed to examine the dissertation of LIYANAGAMAGE RANGANATH PRABASHWARA DIAS find it satisfactory and recommend that it be accepted. ________________________________________ Choong-Shik Yoo, Ph.D., Chair ________________________________________ Matthew D. McCluskey, Ph.D. ________________________________________ Gary S. Collins, Ph.D. ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I am deeply indebted to my advisor, Prof. Choong-Shik Yoo, more than he knows. His constant encouragement, support, and invaluable suggestions made me to grow into the researcher I wanted to be. He has been everything that one would want in an advisor. His unparalleled knowledge of the subject has always inspired me. He tolerated the mistakes I made and devoted a lot of time to answer my questions, often from the most basic principles. His guidance was indispensable for the successful completion of my research project. He showed me different ways to approach a research problem and the need of being persistent to accomplish the goal. He taught me how to write manuscripts with special emphasis on the organization, and effective communication of the main message, as well as how to prepare presentations. I am very grateful to him and will not be able to pay back the debt I owe him. I can only say ‘Thank you’, from the very depth of my heart.
    [Show full text]