Bolivia Alpine Mountaineering Expedition 6,124M / 20,092Ft
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Races of Maize in Bolivia
RACES OF MAIZE IN BOLIVIA Ricardo Ramírez E. David H. Timothy Efraín DÍaz B. U. J. Grant in collaboration with G. Edward Nicholson Edgar Anderson William L. Brown NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES- NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL Publication 747 Funds were provided for publication by a contract between the National Academythis of Sciences -National Research Council and The Institute of Inter-American Affairs of the International Cooperation Administration. The grant was made the of the Committee on Preservation of Indigenousfor Strainswork of Maize, under the Agricultural Board, a part of the Division of Biology and Agriculture of the National Academy of Sciences - National Research Council. RACES OF MAIZE IN BOLIVIA Ricardo Ramírez E., David H. Timothy, Efraín Díaz B., and U. J. Grant in collaboration with G. Edward Nicholson Calle, Edgar Anderson, and William L. Brown Publication 747 NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES- NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL Washington, D. C. 1960 COMMITTEE ON PRESERVATION OF INDIGENOUS STRAINS OF MAIZE OF THE AGRICULTURAL BOARD DIVISIONOF BIOLOGYAND AGRICULTURE NATIONALACADEMY OF SCIENCES- NATIONALRESEARCH COUNCIL Ralph E. Cleland, Chairman J. Allen Clark, Executive Secretary Edgar Anderson Claud L. Horn Paul C. Mangelsdorf William L. Brown Merle T. Jenkins G. H. Stringfield C. O. Erlanson George F. Sprague Other publications in this series: RACES OF MAIZE IN CUBA William H. Hatheway NAS -NRC Publication 453 I957 Price $1.50 RACES OF MAIZE IN COLOMBIA M. Roberts, U. J. Grant, Ricardo Ramírez E., L. W. H. Hatheway, and D. L. Smith in collaboration with Paul C. Mangelsdorf NAS-NRC Publication 510 1957 Price $1.50 RACES OF MAIZE IN CENTRAL AMERICA E. -
ILLIMANI and the NAZIS. E. S. G. De La Motte
ILLIMANI AND THE NAZIS ILLIMANI AND THE NAZIS BY E. S. G. DE LA MOTTE E traveller to Bolivia from Buenos Aires spends three and a half weary days in the train with no interesting scenery to relieve the monotony of his existence. He leaves the dead flat Argentine pampas, where the horizon is like the horizon at sea, and passes almost imperceptibly to the equally flat, but much more barren, high tableland of Bolivia situated at 12,ooo ft. above sea-level. There is a difference, however. This tableland runs as a relatively narrow belt for hundreds of miles between the two main Andine ranges, and therefore has the advantage over the dreary expanses of Argentina that mountains of some sort are visible from most parts of it. Nevertheless, it is with relief that towards the end of the journey the immense ice-draped mass of Illimani is seen close at hand. The height of Illimani is still uncertain, as no triangulation has yet been made of it. All those who have climbed it, however, have. taken aneroid readings and these give results varying between 20,700 ft. ·and 22,400 ft. The probability is that the lower limit is nearer the truth, so 21 ,ooo ft. may reasonably be taken as a fair approximation. In any case, whatever the exact height may be, the mountain is a singularly striking one on account of its isolation, its massive form, and its position of domination over La Paz, which is the seat of the Bolivian Government, and from many of whose houses and streets the three heavily iced summits can be seen. -
De L1 a L2: ¿Primero El Castellano Y Después El Aimara? ENSEÑANZA DEL AIMARA COMO SEGUNDA LENGUA EN OPOQUERI (CARANGAS, ORURO)
UNIVERSIDAD MAYOR DE SAN SIMÓN FACULTAD DE HUMANIDADES Y CIENCIAS DE LA EDUCACIÓN DEPARTAMENTO DE POST GRADO PROGRAMA DE EDUCACIÓN INTERCULTURAL BILINGÜE PARA LOS PAÍSES ANDINOS PROEIB Andes De L1 a L2: ¿Primero el castellano y después el aimara? ENSEÑANZA DEL AIMARA COMO SEGUNDA LENGUA EN OPOQUERI (CARANGAS, ORURO) Román Mamani Rodríguez Tesis presentada a la Universidad Mayor de San Simón, en cumplimiento parcial de los requisitos para la obtención del título de Magíster en Educación Intercultural Bilingüe con la mención Planificación y Gestión Asesor de tesis: Dr. Gustavo Gottret Requena Cochabamba, Bolivia 2007 La presente tesis “De L1 a L2: ¿Primero el castellano y después el aimara? ENSEÑANZA DEL AIMARA COMO SEGUNDA LENGUA EN OPOQUERI (CARANGAS, ORURO) fue aprobada el ............................................ Asesor Tribunal Tribunal Tribunal Jefe del Departamento de Post-Grado Decano Dedicatoria A las abuelas y abuelos comunarios del ayllu. A los vivientes de nuestro ancestral idioma aimara. A las madres y padres de familia pobladores de Opoqueri. A los dueños usuarios de nuestra milenaria lengua originaria. A las tías y tíos difusores del aimara en diferentes comunidades. A las hermanas y hermanos portadores del aimara en diversas ciudades. A las sobrinas y sobrinos receptores de la herencia cultural y lingüística aimara. A las compañeras y compañeros residentes de Opoqueri en Buenos Aires (Argentina). A las profesoras y profesores facilitadores de nuestro idioma aimara en el Awya Yala. Román Mamani Rodríguez, 2007. Jiwasanakataki Ayllu kumunankiri awicha awichunakaru. Pachpa aymara arusana wiñaya jakiri ajayuparu. Jupuqiri markachirinakana mama tata wilamasinakataki. Pachpa arusana wiñaya qamañasana apnaqawi katxarutapa. Taqituqi kumunanakana aymara qhananchiri tiyanaka tiyunakasataki. -
1 Living with Glaciers, Adapting to Change the Experience of The
Living with glaciers, adapting to change the experience of the Illimani project in Bolivia J. C. Alurralde, E. Ramirez, M. García, P. Pacheco, D. Salazar, R.S. Mamani Proyecto Illimani, UMSA – AGUA SUSTENTABLE, Bolivia Abstract Glaciers retreat’s rate and its impact on rural livelihoods in the tropical Andes were studied and modeled. Tropical glaciers are more affected by climate change than their temperate counterparts due to larger sun exposure and the coincidence of the rainy season with the summer which reduces snow accumulation. Global warming is occurring faster at high altitudes, causing glaciers’ shrinking and affecting downstream communities’ livelihoods where glaciers, important natural water regulators, are the only domestic and productive water source during dry seasons. Changing crop patterns and upward expanding of productive areas are also effects of the climate change. The project studies the Illimani dependent area in a physical and socio-productive context to evaluate its vulnerability to climate change and climate variability, and the already taken autonomous adaptation strategies. Multidisciplinary results are integrated in watershed management models to develop technically and socially validated descriptions of the dynamics between the glacier and the basin, for actual and future scenarios, resulting in proposals for adaptation actions. The findings reveal that climate is not the only triggering factor for autonomous adaptation and the strong heterogeneity of adaptation requirements in mountainous areas even within -
Bolivia Nevados Chearoco, Calzada and Sihuaillusa, Cordillera Real
Bolivia Nevados Chearoco, Calzada and Sihuaillusa, Cordillera Real. The Read ing University Andean Expedition, Ronald H. F. Hunter leader, Robin G. Bradford, Edward F. J. Quicke, John Floodpage, Ray J. Fearon and Michael Smith, left La Paz for a seven-week stay in the Cordillera Real on July 12. Travel was at first by truck over the unsurfaced altiplano road adjacent to Lake Titicaca to the small town of Achacachi, whence we turned northeast towards the mountains. Previous information about how close the truck could drive to the mountains proved inaccurate, and we were dropped some fifteen miles farther from them than we anticipated. Without porters, and with some four dozen loads weighing 80 pounds apiece, this inaccuracy cost us several days and considerable perspiration, but was an excellent if brutal means of getting fit. A reconnaissance of the area and some preliminary surveying were accomplished in the next few days during which we relayed our equipment over the altiplano, after which our progress was established on a new footing, for one of our col leagues from the Club Andino Boliviano reached the mountains before us and dispatched Venancio, his camp servant, together with a herd of llamas and their attendant Indians to locate and transport the expedition into Base Camp. This convoy arrived at our temporary camp on the altiplano shortly after dawn and in one day of strenuous marching moved everything to the head of a glacial valley overlooked by the Calzada and Casiri peaks. At 15,600 feet this was to be our base for the next fortnight but before tackling any actual peaks, we spent a few days on the neighboring snow and ice slopes to get the feel of ice axe and crampons again and to acclima tize. -
Program the Huayna Potosi, 2 Days
Climbing Huayna Potosi (6088M) 2 days Bolivia´s Most Popular climb Huayna Potosi (6088m) is northeast of La Paz in the Cordillera Real and is known as one of the easiest 6000m plus mountains to climb in the world. Deservedly one of Bolivia’s most popular climbs and after just one hour of driving and 3 hours of walking you will be at the high camp. Huayna Potosi can be climbed by complete beginners, and provides amazing views of the Cordillera Real, Lake Titicaca (3810m) and the Altiplano (4000m). If hoping to climb higher mountains in the area, Huayna Potosi is a good starter! Program details Type of activity: Technical climbing with ropes, trekking up to high camp (5200m) Difficulty: some fitness / good fitness Experience required: no experience / some experience Grade of climb: Normal route II/AD - 50° Number of days: 2 days, 1 night Tour starts in La Paz Tour ends in La Paz Best time of year: May to September Season: Dry season: days are mild and nights are cold Highlights: learning basic ice climbing and mountaineering techniques, climbing Huayna Potosi, views of the Cordillera Real Program Day 1: La Paz (3600m) - Paso Zongo (4700m) - High camp (5200m) We drive from La Paz to Paso Zongo (4700m). From Paso Zongo we start to trek up to high camp. High camp is on a rock buttress at an altitude of 5200m and at the base of the glacier. The walk up in on a well used path on rock. Once at high camp we need to get our gear ready for the next day, as we have an early start in the morning. -
Spatial–Temporal Changes in Andean Plateau Climate and Elevation from Stable Isotopes of Mammal Teeth
Earth and Planetary Science Letters 289 (2010) 530–538 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Earth and Planetary Science Letters journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/epsl Spatial–temporal changes in Andean plateau climate and elevation from stable isotopes of mammal teeth John Bershaw a,⁎, Carmala N. Garzione a, Pennilyn Higgins a, Bruce J. MacFadden b,c, Frederico Anaya d, Herculano Alvarenga e a Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Rochester, 227 Hutchison Hall, Rochester, NY 14627, USA b Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA c Division of Research on Learning (DRL, EHR), National Science Foundation, 4201 Wilson Blvd, Arlington VA 22230, USA d Universidad Autonoma “Tomas Frias”, Facultad de Ingenieria Geologica, Casilla No 5 Potosi, Bolivia e Museu de História Natural de Taubaté, Rua Juvenal Dias de Carvalho, III, Taubaté-SP, CEP 12070-640, Brazil article info abstract Article history: Paleoelevation constraints from fossil leaf physiognomy and stable isotopes of sedimentary carbonate suggest Received 7 July 2009 that significant surface uplift of the northern Andean plateau, on the order of 2.5±1 km, occurred between ∼10.3 Received in revised form 18 November 2009 and 6.4 Ma. Independent spatial and temporal constraints on paleoelevation and paleoclimate of both the Accepted 20 November 2009 northern and southern plateau are important for understanding the distribution of rapid surface uplift and its Available online 22 December 2009 relation to climate evolution across the plateau. This study focuses on teeth from modern and extinct mammal ∼ Editor: T.M. Harrison taxa (including notoungulates, pyrotheres, and litopterns) spanning 29 Ma to present, collected from the Altiplano and Eastern Cordillera of Bolivia (16.2°S to 21.4°S), and lowland Brazil. -
Proyecto Illimani “Oferta De Agua Histórica En
Fortaleciendo la capacidad y desarrollando estrategias de adaptación a los fenómenos de Cambio Climático en comunidades de montaña de la Cordillera Real de Los Andes Centrales de Bolivia INSTITUTO DE HIDRÁULICA E HIDROLOGÍA PROYECTO ILLIMANI “OFERTA DE AGUA HISTÓRICA EN LA CUENCA DEL RÍO SAJHUAYA” INFORME FINAL Daniel R. Espinoza Romero Pablo Fuchs LA PAZ – BOLIVIA Octubre 2011 INDICE DE CONTENIDO 1 INTRODUCCIÓN _______________________________________________________________ 1 1.1 Antecedentes ______________________________________________________________ 1 1.2 Objetivo ___________________________________________________________________ 1 1.3 Contenido y alcance _________________________________________________________ 1 1.4 Área de estudio _____________________________________________________________ 1 1.4.1 Descripción regional general _____________________________________________ 1 1.4.2 Descripción local ________________________________________________________ 3 2 METODOLOGÍA ________________________________________________________________ 5 2.1 Enfoque de la investigación __________________________________________________ 5 2.2 Generación de la base de datos hidro-meteorológica ____________________________ 6 2.2.1 Recopilación de información ______________________________________________ 6 2.2.1.1 Termometría __________________________________________________________ 6 2.2.1.2 Pluviometría __________________________________________________________ 6 2.2.1.3 Otra información _______________________________________________________ -
4.4 Charana Achiri Santiago De Llallagua Is. Taquiri General Gonzales 3.0 3.1 2.9
N ULLA ULLA TAYPI CUNUMA CAMSAYA CALAYA KAPNA OPINUAYA CURVA LAGUNILLA GRAL. J.J. PEREZ CHULLINA STA. ROSA DE CAATA CHARI GRAL. RAMON CARIJANA GONZALES 2.0 CAMATA AMARETEGENERAL GONZALES MAPIRI VILLA ROSARIO DE WILACALA PUSILLANI CONSATA MARIAPU INICUA BAJO MOCOMOCO AUCAPATA SARAMPIUNI TUILUNI AYATA HUMANATA PAJONAL CHUMA VILAQUE ITALAQUE SUAPI DE ALTO BENI SAN JUAN DE CANCANI LIQUISANI COLLABAMBA GUANAY COTAPAMPA TEOPONTE PUERTO ACOSTA CHINAÑA 6 SANTA ROSA DE AGOSTO ANANEA CARGUARANI PAUCARES CHAJLAYA BELEN SANTA ANA DEL TAJANI PTO. ESCOMA 130 PANIAGUA ALTO BENI PARAJACHI ANBANA TACACOMA YANI QUIABAYA TIPUANI COLLASUYO PALOS BLANCOS V. PUNI SANTA ROSA DE CHALLANA SAN MIGUEL CALLAPATA CALAMA EDUARDO AVAROA DE YARICOA TIMUSI OBISPO BOSQUE SOCOCONI VILLA ELEVACION PTO. CARABUCO CARRASCO LA RESERVA CHUCHULAYA ANKOMA SAPUCUNI ALTO ILLIMANI ROSARIO 112 SORATA CARRASCO ENTRE RIOS PTO. COMBAYA 115 CHAGUAYA ILABAYA ALCOCHE SAN PABLO SOREJAYA SANTA FE CHIÑAJA CARANAVI VILLA MACA MACA CHEJE MILLIPAYA ANCORAIMES SANTA ANA DE CARANAVI PAMPA UYUNENSE CAJIATA FRANZ TAMAYO PTO.RICO SOTALAYA TAYPIPLAYA WARISATA CHOJÑA COTAPATA SAN JUAN DE CHALLANA INCAHUARA DE CKULLO CUCHU ACHACACHI SAN JOSE V. SAN JUAN DE EL CHORO SANTIAGO AJLLATA V. ASUNCION DE CHACHACOMANI ZAMPAYA CORPAPUTO KALAQUE DE HUATA GRANDE CHARIA JANCKO AMAYA CHUA HUARINA MURURATA LA ASUNTA COPACABANA COCANI KERANI TITO YUPANKI CHUA SONCACHI CALATA VILASAYA HUATAJATA LOKHA DE S. M. SAN PABLO PEÑAS VILLA ASUNCION HUAYABAL DE T. COPANCARA TURGQUIA ZONGO KARHUISA COROICO CALISAYA CHAMACA V. AMACIRI2.9 PACOLLO SANTIAGO DE IS. TAQUIRI YANAMAYU SURIQUI HUANCANE OJJE PTO. ARAPATA COLOPAMPA GRANDE PEREZ VILLA BARRIENTOS LA CALZADA CASCACHI HUAYNA POTOSI LAS BATALLAS MERCEDES CORIPATA V. -
The Cordillera Real
44 THE CORDILLERA REAL THE CORDILLERA REAL , BY EVELIO ECHEVARRIA C. HE lovely ranges of Southern Peru slope gradually down to the shores of Lake Titicaca, but this is not their end; to the east of Carabaya knot springs another ridge, which enters Bolivia and reaches its maximum elevation and magnificence in the Cordillera Real of the latter country. The name Cordillera Real was given by the Spaniards as homage to a range of royal dignity; it is located in the north-west of Bolivia, between I5° 40" and 16° 40" S., running roughly north-west to south east for an approximate length of 100 miles. This range was termed by Austrian mountaineers ' der Himalaya der N euen Welt'. Although this honour may now be disputed by several Peruvian cordilleras, it contains nevertheless mountain scenery of Himalayan grandeur; six twenty-thousanders and scores of lesser peaks are found in the region between Illampu (20,873 ft.) and Illimani (21 ,201 ft.), the mighty pillars of each extreme. The Cordillera Real is a snow and ice range; it forms a lovely back ground for that remarkable high plateau, the Bolivian Altiplano, and is in full sight nine months a year. The white peaks, the steppe-like plain and the empty, blue skies have given to this part of Bolivia a Tibetan air that many travellers have noticed; and the Mongolian features of the Aymara Indians, stolidly facing the chill winds, reinforce this opinion. General description In the north and in the south the Cordillera Real rises over deep mountain basins ; peaks like Illimani soar well above the wooded hills of Coroico and Inquisive, towns only 4,700 ft. -
Climb Pequeño Alpamayo, Huayna Potosi & Illimani
[email protected] 877-873-5376 Climb Pequeño Alpamayo, Huayna Potosi & Illimani 16 Days in Bolivia / Skill Level: Intermediate 5 Day Extension Available July 25 - August 9, 2020 $6250 2020 Extension: August 10-14 Extension - $1350 *All costs included with the exception of alcohol, in-town meals Difficulty Level: Easy Intermediate – Participants should have either prior glacier/ice climbing experience or have climbed/trekked at altitude (over 15,000’ / 4572m). Overview Of all the Andean countries, Bolivia remains the least touristy and most adventurous. It offers all the attractions of its more popular neighbors, but remains a well-kept secret from the masses. This provides a unique opportunity for adventurous climbers. Bolivia is a climber’s dream. Even its capital city of La Paz is made for mountaineers, situated in a valley at 11,900 feet (3627 meters). The urban sprawl is backdropped by impressive glaciated peaks and vast rolling hillsides. The city contains the highest international airport in the world situated at 13,200 feet (4,023 meters). This means our acclimatization begins as soon as we land in Bolivia. We will take full advantage of this acclimatization time and spend two days exploring the Andean highlands and seeing the sights of La Paz. During this time, our bodies will begin to adapt to living and sleeping at the same elevation as most of Colorado’s summits! We will also spend two ©2004-2019 All Rights Reserved Alpenglow Expeditions !1 days on Lake Titicaca, the highest navigable lake in the world, where we will visit the famous Reed Islands. -
PORTADA KHANA 2010 Entera
REVISTA MUNICIPAL DE CULTURAS Número 51 abril 2010 Dr. Juan del Granado Cosío ALCALDE MUNICIPAL Walter Gómez Méndez OFICIAL MAYOR DE CULTURAS La Paz - Bolivia CONSEJO EDITORIAL Ivica Tadic Pereira Gabriela Lázaro Luis Oporto Ordóñez Daniel González Gómez - Acebo DISEÑO Y DIAGRAMACIÓN Daniel Aliaga Saravia Samuel Rendón ILUSTRACIONES René Téllez Alain Mesili Dr. Luis Quiroga Chinchilla Samuel Rendón Manuel Seoane Armando Urioste Marcelo Pérez del Carpio Archivo OMC APOYO LOGÍSTICO Christian Díaz Toledo Deposito Legal: IMPRESIÓN Impresiones Gráficas VIRGO. Entre las muchas satisfacciones de las cuales me permito, sin postizas modestias, enorgullecerme al final de esta doble gestión que va llegando a su término, una, y no de las menores, es la de haber propiciado, con el esfuerzo de los compañeros y compañeras de la Oficialía Mayor de Culturas, el relanzamiento de la revista Khana, ahora nuevamente una contribución periódica regular a los estudios históricos, literarios, sociológicos y antropológicos que nos permiten conocer mejor qué y quiénes somos, de donde venimos y, por ende hacia donde nos encaminamos en tanto colectivo que ha retomado el control de su propio destino, para forjarlo día a día en tarea compartida de autoridades y comunidad. Está claro que la transformación de una ciudad no pasa únicamente por la modernización de la infraestructura urbana, y que tampoco es dable propiciar una mejor calidad de vida, entendiendo esta última como la mera posibilidad de acceso igualitarios a servicios básicos y oportunidades para todos, así