Mastozoología Neotropical ISSN: 0327-9383 [email protected] Sociedad para el Estudio de los Mamíferos Argentina

Oliveira do Nascimento, Fabio; dos Santos Pompeu, Paulo; Passamani, Marcelo RANGE EXTENSION OF THE braccatus (, ) IN A CERRADO-CAATINGA-ATLANTIC FOREST ECOTONE, Mastozoología Neotropical, vol. 23, núm. 1, 2016, pp. 171-177 Sociedad Argentina para el Estudio de los Mamíferos Tucumán, Argentina

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RANGE EXTENSION OF THE PANTANAL CAT Leopardus braccatus (CARNIVORA, FELIDAE) IN A CERRADO-CAATINGA-ATLANTIC FOREST ECOTONE, BRAZIL

Fabio Oliveira do Nascimento1, Paulo dos Santos Pompeu2, and Marcelo Passamani2

1 Mastozoologia, Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo, Avenida Nazaré 481, CEP 04263-000, Ipiranga, São Paulo, Brazil [Correspondence: Fabio Oliveira do Nascimento ]. 2 Setor de Ecologia, DBI, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Caixa Postal 3037, CEP 37200-000, Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brazil.

ABSTRACT. The Pantanal cat Leopardus braccatus (Cope, 1889) is a small-sized felid found in the open biomes of Brazil, , , and northeastern Argentina. We provide a new record for the northeast of the State of Minas Gerais, Brazil, based on a road-killed specimen. This is the easternmost known record of the Pantanal cat, extending its range about 310 km, in a Cerrado-Caatinga-Atlantic Forest ecotone.

RESUMO. Extensão de distribução geográfica do gato-palheiro Leopardus braccatus (Carnivora, Felidae) em um ecótono Cerrado-Caatinga-Mata Atlântica, Brasil. O gato-palheiro Leopardus braccatus (Cope, 1889) é um felídeo de pequeno porte encontrado nos biomas abertos do Brasil, Bolívia, Paraguai, Uruguai e nordeste da Argentina. Neste trabalho fornecemos um novo registro para o nordeste do Estado de Minas Gerais, Brasil, baseado em um espécime atropelado em uma rodovia. Este é o registro de gato-palheiro mais ao leste conhecido, estendendo sua distribuição em 310 km, em um ecótono de Cerrado-Caatinga-Mata Atlântica.

Key words: Minas Gerais. . Road-kill. Sistema Urubu.

Palavras-chave: Atropelamento. Gato-palheiro. Minas Gerais. Sistema Urubu.

Pantanal cat or pampas cat Leopardus brac- al., 2008; Chebez, 2009; Nascimento, 2010; catus (Cope, 1889) is a small-sized felid Soljan et al., 2010; Barstow and Leslie, 2012; (2.4-4.0 kg) (Nascimento, unpublished data) Queirolo et al., 2013a). Taxonomically, it has found in the open biomes (Cerrado, Pantanal, been regarded either as a subspecies of L. Chaco, Beni savannas and Pampas) of Brazil, colocolo (Molina, 1782) (Cabrera, 1940, 1958; Bolivia, Paraguay, Uruguay and northeastern Ximénez, 1961, 1970; Johnson et al., 1999; Argentina (García-Perea, 1994; Chebez et Sunquist and Sunquist, 2009) or a subspecies

Recibido 16 octubre 2015. Aceptado 13 febrero 2016. Editor asociado: F Prevosti 172 Mastozoología Neotropical, 23(1):171-177, Mendoza, 2016 FO Nascimento et al. http://www.sarem.org.ar - http://www.sbmz.com.br of L. pajeros (Desmarest, 1816) (Pocock, 1941; stream. The specimens were found at 07:40, Weigel, 1961). However García-Perea (1994) and the preservation status of the specimens recognized the Pantanal cat as a full indicated their activity in the area during the in the genus Lynchailurus Severtzov, 1858. dawn period. The characters of the photo- This was followed by Wozencraft (2005), who graphed specimen matches with the description differed from García-Perea only in classifying of the subspecies L. b. braccatus, i.e., it shows the species in the genus Leopardus Gray, 1842. overall ground color of the body uniformly Two subspecies of L. braccatus are currently brown agouti with dark spots and stripes vis- recognized: L. b. braccatus (Cope, 1889), found ible in the venter, but almost fainted, forming in Central Brazil (from Maranhão and Piauí to traces of dark brown rosettes in other parts Mato Grosso do Sul), Bolivia, and Paraguay of the body, especially in the flank, proximal (García-Perea, 1994; Nascimento, 2010; Barstow stripes of the legs black and feet dorsally and and Leslie, 2012); and L. b. munoai (Ximénez, ventrally black (sometimes the dorsal part of 1961), which occurs in Southern Brazil (south- the feet are less darker than the ventral part), ern part of Rio Grande do Sul), Uruguay and the spinal crest little darker than ground color, Northeastern Argentina (García-Perea, 1994; and tail not ringed and with black tip. The Chebez et al., 2008; Nascimento, 2010; Soljan identification of the specimen was based on et al., 2010; Barstow and Leslie, 2012). literature data, in comparison with reference In the present study we report a new local- material housed in scientific collections (e.g., ity record for L. b. braccatus and also provide Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São an updated distribution map based on records Paulo, MZUSP) and also on unpublished data from museum specimens (Nascimento, 2010; from one of us (FON). Nascimento, unpublished data) and literature This new locality extends the geographic (Schwangart, 1941; Silveira, 1995; Santos Filho, distribution of the species about 310 km to 2000; Courtenay, 2002; Bagno et al., 2004; Em- the east and represents the easternmost limit mons et al., 2006; Mamede and Alho, 2006; Cá- for the species range, in a Cerrado-Caatinga- ceres et al., 2007; Machado et al., 2008; Chebez, Atlantic Forest ecotone (Fig. 1). Furthermore, 2009; Rosa and Tolentino, 2009; Godoi et al., the locality is in the Jequitinhonha River Valley, 2010; Luque et al., 2012) (Fig. 1; see Appen- a region characterized by native vegetation of dix 1). Some literature records were excluded different features, with certain particularities, due to dubious and misleading identifications that possesses controversial classification (Car- (for example, Bordignon et al. [2006] identified rara et al., 2013), sometimes being classified as a a feral domestic cat catus as a pampas cat, transition zone between Cerrado and Caatinga which was named in their article as Oncifelis (Fernandes and Bezerra, 1990; Carrara et al., colocolo). Comparing to other species of Neo- 2013) or as an area under influence of Cer- tropical , L. braccatus has a small number rado and Atlantic Forest (Carrara et al., 2013; of specimens housed in scientific collections SEMAD, 2015). The region nearby the record (Nascimento, unpublished data), covering (Fig. 3) is located in the Caatinga domain, widely separated geographic areas (Fig. 1), and featured by well-preserved large fragments which results in a lack of knowledge about its of Seasonal Deciduous Forest (Scolforo and individual variation, , biogeography Carvalho, 2006). Extensive cattle raising is the and natural history. predominant land use in the region. On May 20th 2015, one of us (PP) found Due to adverse circumstances, unfortunately two road-killed specimens of Pantanal cat the Pantanal cat specimens were neither col- (a male and a female) (Fig. 2) in the federal lected nor measured, but one of them was paved road BR-342, municipality of Araçuaí, photographed (Fig. 2). This photograph was re- northeast of the State of Minas Gerais, Brazil corded under the number UM-2015/05-000.424 (16° 49’ 47.50” S; 42° 00’ 21.35” W) (Figs. 1 and in the database of “Sistema Urubu” (http://cbee. 3). The location is 300 m above sea level, and ufla.br/portal/sistema_urubu/urubu_web.php), 400 m away from the Jequitinhonha River main which is an initiative of “Centro Brasileiro RANGE EXTENSION OF Leopardus braccatus IN BRAZIL 173

Fig. 1. Geographic distribution of L. b. braccatus specimens. The black star refers to the new record (Araçuaí, Minas Gerais, Brazil; 16°49’47.50”S / 42°00’21.35”W) of the specimens showed in the present study. Letters correspond to specimens housed in scientific collections and the numbers refer to the localities taken from literature. See the Appendix 1 for the list of localities. 174 Mastozoología Neotropical, 23(1):171-177, Mendoza, 2016 FO Nascimento et al. http://www.sarem.org.ar - http://www.sbmz.com.br

Fig. 2. Road-killed specimen of Pantanal cat, L. b. braccatus (Cope, 1889), from Araçuaí, Minas Gerais, Brazil (Sistema Urubu, UM-2015/05- 000.424). Photo by Paulo S. Pompeu.

de Estudos em Ecologia de Estradas” (CBEE) that compiles, systematizes and provides information on the mortality of wildlife on roads and railways and aims to assist government agencies and road concessionaires in decision mak- ing to reduce these impacts. Even though recent studies have in- creased our knowledge on the fauna of the Jequitinhonha River Valley (Drum- mond et al., 2005), L. braccatus had not been hand, it is possible that the species has always recorded in the region up to now. One possible been present in the area but has never been explanation of the absence of L. braccatus in recorded. Sampling difficulties associated with previous studies is that the species may be ex- the elusive behavior of the , problems panding its geographical distribution in recent in identifying the species, and the low popu- years due to changes in landscape, similar to lation density of the species throughout its what happens in southern Brazil, where defor- geographical distribution may be some factors estation in the Atlantic Forest has allowed the that make detection difficult and may result in expansion of open-area animals such as the false absences (Ferreira et al., 2014). A good pampas (Lycalopex gymnocercus) (Queirolo example of this are the recent records for the et al., 2013b) and (Chrysocyon bush ( venaticus) in the north of brachyurus) (Paula et al., 2013). On the other Minas Gerais, Brazil’s state where the species was previously thought to be extinct (Ferreira et al., 2014), and also the unexpected record for Baturité Montain Range, in northeastern Brazil, within the Caat- inga (Fernandes-Ferreira et al., 2011; 2015). -

Fig. 3. (A) Overview of the record point (yellow mark; Araçuaí, Minas Gerais, Brazil; 16°49’47.50”S / 42°00’21.35”W) and surrounding areas where L. braccatus specimens were found (Source: Google Earth). (B and C) Details of the land- scape next to the record point (about 400 m away). Photos by Paulo S. Pompeu. RANGE EXTENSION OF Leopardus braccatus IN BRAZIL 175 thermore, Queirolo et al. (2013a) suggest that CHEBEZ JC. 2009. Otros que se van. Albatross Editorial, L. braccatus occurs in low numbers (0.01-0.05 Buenos Aires. COURTENAY O. 2002. A new record of pampas cat, individuals/km²) and the effective population of Lynchailurus braccatus, in Brazil. Mammalia 66:295- the species in conservation areas of the Cerrado 297. and Pantanal, 8.1% and 2.9% of the total area DRUMMOND GM, CS MARTINS, ABM MACHADO, of the biomes respectively, is estimated between FA SEBAIO, and Y ANTONINI. 2005. Biodiversidade em Minas Gerais: um atlas para sua conservação. ~1200 and ~5900 individuals. 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APPENDIX 1 List of localities, in latitudinal order, showed in the Figure 1. Letters correspond to specimens housed in scientific collections and the numbers refers to the localities taken from literature. Museum records: A. Paranã (former São João da Palma), Tocantins, Brazil (12°33’S; 47°46’W) (MNRJ 3148); B. Chapada dos Guimarães, Mato Grosso, Brazil (15°25’48” S; 55°45’00”W) (AMNH 354; holotype); C. Rio São Manuel, Adelândia, Goiás, Brazil (16°25’12”S, 50°10’12”W) (MNRJ 3149); D. Descalvados, Upper Paraguay River, Mato Grosso, Brazil (16°45’S, 57°42’W) (USNM 256127 and FMNH 28335); E. Parque Nacional das Emas, Goiás, Brazil (18°06’36”S, 52°55’12”W) (MNRJ 63629); F. Fazenda Pequi, Aquidauana, Mato Grosso do Sul (20°28’12”S, 55°48’00”W) (MZUSP 7786); G. Três Lagoas, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil (20°45’00”S, 51°40’48”W) (MZUSP 7670); H. Maracaju, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil (21°37’48”S, 55°10’12”W) (MNRJ 24904, MNRJ 4868 and AMNH 133977); I. Juan de Zalagan, Gran Chaco, Presidente Hayes, Paraguay (23°06’S, 59°18’W) (AMNH 148573); J. Assunção, Central, Paraguay (25°15’00”S, 57°40’12”W) (AMNH 243110). Museums acronyms: AMNH = American Museum of Natural History; FMNH = Field Museum of Natural His- tory; MNRJ = Museu Nacional da Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro; MZUSP = Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo; USNM = National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution; UNB = Universidade de Brasília. Literature records: 1. Parque Estadual do Mirador, Maranhão, Brazil (06°20’S, 45°30’W; estimated coordinates) (Machado et al., 2008); 2. Cachoeira, Piauí, Brazil (07°20’S, 44°21’W) (Silveira, 1995); 3. TO-050, Palmas, Tocantins, Brazil (09°48’S, 48°21’W) (Bagno et al., 2004); 4. Barreiras do Piauí, Piauí, Brazil (10°08’S, 45°46’W) (Bagno et al., 2004); 5. TO-010, Palmas, Tocantins, Brazil (10°10’S, 48°20’W) (Bagno et al., 2004); 6. São Desidério, Bahia, Brazil (12°21’S, 44°58’W) (Silveira, 1995); 7. Rio Paranã, Tocantins, Brazil (12°40’S, 48°00’W) (Silveira, 1995); 8. BR-242, Arrarias, Tocantins, Brazil (12°47’S, 47°03’W) (Bagno et al., 2008); 9. Cercado Province, Beni, Bolivia (13°37’S, 65°07’W) (Luque et al., 2012); 10. Parque Nacional da Chapada dos Veadeiros, Goiás, Brazil (14°10’S, 45°30’W; estimated coordinates) (Rosa and Tolentino, 2009); 11. Los Fierros, Noel Kempff Mercado National Park, Santa Cruz, Bolivia (14°33’20”S, 60°55’43”W) (Emmons et al., 2006); 12. BR-158, Nova Xavantina, Brazil (14°41’S, 52°20’W) (Bagno et al., 2004); 13. Parque Nacional Grande Sertões Veredas, Bahia/Minas Gerais, Brazil (15°06’S, 45°46’W; estimated coordinates) (Machado et al., 2008); 14. Parque Nacional Cavernas do Peruaçu, Minas Gerais, Brazil (15°07’S, 44°19’W; estimated coordinates) (Machado et al., 2008); 15. BR-364, Chapada dos Guimarães, Mato Grosso, Brasil (15°10’S, 55°40’W) (Bagno et al., 2004); 16. Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil (15°35’S, 56°05’W) (Silveira, 1995); 17. Estação Ecológica Serra das Araras, Mato Grosso, Brazil (15°39’S, 57°01’W; estimated coordinates) (Santos Filho, 2000); 18. Taguatinga, Distrito Federal, Brazil (15°49’S, 48°03’W) (Silveira, 1995); 19. Fazenda São Miguel, Minas Gerais, Brazil (15°50’S, 46°30’W) (Courtenay, 2002); 20. BR-060, Abadiânia/Alexânia, Mato Grosso (16°06’S, 48°34’W) (Bagno et al., 2004); 21. Rondonópolis, Mato Grosso, Brazil (16°28’S, 48°03’W) (Silveira, 1995); 22. Rondonópolis, Mato Grosso, Brazil (16°29’S, 54°37’W) (Bagno et al., 2004); 23. BR-080, between Paraíso and Chapadão do Sul, Mato Grosso/Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil (18°46’S, 52°38’W) (Godoi et al., 2010); 24. Nhumirim Ranch, Corumbá, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil (18°59’46”S, 56°36’40”W) (Godoi et al., 2010); 25. Pantanal, São Francisco Ranch, next to Miranda River, in Miranda county, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil (20°05’10”S, 56°36’57”W) (Godoi et al., 2010); 26. Parque Nacional da Serra da Canastra, Minas Gerais, Brazil (20°15’S, 46°30’W; estimated coordinates) (Machado et al., 2008); 27. Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas do Pantanal, Pantanal do Rio Negro, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil (20°18’S, 55°18’W; estimated coordinates) (Mamede and Alho, 2006); 28. Parque Nacional da Bodoquena, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil (21°03’S, 56°41’W; estimated coordinates) (Cáceres et al., 2007); 29. St. Luis, Apabergland [in vicinity of Rio Apa], Paraguay (22°06’S, 58°02’W; estimated coordinates) (Schwangart, 1941); 30. Parque Nacional Río Pilcomayo, Formosa, Argentina (25°04’S, 58°07’W; estimated coordinates) (Chebez, 2009); and 31. Assunção, Central, Paraguay (25°15’S, 57°40’12”W; estimated coordinates) (Schwangart, 1941).