1. Identify the Capital of Vatsa Janapada from the List Given Below: (1) Vaishali (2) Mathura (3) Sravasti (4) Kaushambi 2
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The Emergence of the Mahajanapadas
The Emergence of the Mahajanapadas Sanjay Sharma Introduction In the post-Vedic period, the centre of activity shifted from the upper Ganga valley or madhyadesha to middle and lower Ganga valleys known in the contemporary Buddhist texts as majjhimadesha. Painted grey ware pottery gave way to a richer and shinier northern black polished ware which signified new trends in commercial activities and rising levels of prosperity. Imprtant features of the period between c. 600 and 321 BC include, inter-alia, rise of ‘heterodox belief systems’ resulting in an intellectual revolution, expansion of trade and commerce leading to the emergence of urban life mainly in the region of Ganga valley and evolution of vast territorial states called the mahajanapadas from the smaller ones of the later Vedic period which, as we have seen, were known as the janapadas. Increased surplus production resulted in the expansion of trading activities on one hand and an increase in the amount of taxes for the ruler on the other. The latter helped in the evolution of large territorial states and increased commercial activity facilitated the growth of cities and towns along with the evolution of money economy. The ruling and the priestly elites cornered most of the agricultural surplus produced by the vaishyas and the shudras (as labourers). The varna system became more consolidated and perpetual. It was in this background that the two great belief systems, Jainism and Buddhism, emerged. They posed serious challenge to the Brahmanical socio-religious philosophy. These belief systems had a primary aim to liberate the lower classes from the fetters of orthodox Brahmanism. -
Hoysala King Ballala Iii (1291-1342 A.D)
FINAL REPORT UGC MINOR RESEARCH PROJECT on LIFE AND ACHIEVEMENTS: HOYSALA KING BALLALA III (1291-1342 A.D) Submitted by DR.N.SAVITHRI Associate Professor Department of History Mallamma Marimallappa Women’s Arts and Commerce College, Mysore-24 Submitted to UNIVERSITY GRANTS COMMISSION South Western Regional Office P.K.Block, Gandhinagar, Bangalore-560009 2017 1 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT First of all, I would like to Express My Gratitude and Indebtedness to University Grants Commission, New Delhi for awarding Minor Research Project in History. My Sincere thanks are due to Sri.Paramashivaiah.S, President of Marimallappa Educational Institutions. I am Grateful to Prof.Panchaksharaswamy.K.N, Honorary Secretary of Marimallappa Educational Institutions. I owe special thanks to Principal Sri.Dhananjaya.Y.D., Vice Principal Prapulla Chandra Kumar.S., Dr.Saraswathi.N., Sri Purushothama.K, Teaching and Non-Teaching Staff, members of Mallamma Marimallappa Women’s College, Mysore. I also thank K.B.Communications, Mysore has taken a lot of strain in computerszing my project work. I am Thankful to the Authorizes of the libraries in Karnataka for giving me permission to consult the necessary documents and books, pertaining to my project work. I thank all the temple guides and curators of minor Hoysala temples like Belur, Halebidu. Somanathapura, Thalkad, Melkote, Hosaholalu, kikkeri, Govindahalli, Nuggehalli, ext…. Several individuals and institution have helped me during the course of this study by generously sharing documents and other reference materials. I am thankful to all of them. Dr.N.Savithri Place: Date: 2 CERTIFICATE I Dr.N. Savithri Certify that the project entitled “LIFE AND ACHIEVEMENTS: HOYSALA KING BALLALA iii (1299-1342 A.D)” sponsored by University Grants Commission New Delhi under Minor Research Project is successfully completed by me. -
Component-I (A) – Personal Details
Component-I (A) – Personal details: Component-I (B) – Description of module: Subject Name Indian Culture Paper Name Outlines of Indian History Module Name/Title Mahajanapadas- Rise of Magadha – Nandas – Invasion of Alexander Module Id I C/ OIH/ 08 Pre requisites Early History of India Objectives To study the Political institutions of Ancient India from earliest to 3rd Century BCE. Mahajanapadas , Rise of Magadha under the Haryanka, Sisunaga Dynasties, Nanda Dynasty, Persian Invasions, Alexander’s Invasion of India and its Effects Keywords Janapadas, Magadha, Haryanka, Sisunaga, Nanda, Alexander E-text (Quadrant-I) 1. Sources Political and cultural history of the period from C 600 to 300 BCE is known for the first time by a possibility of comparing evidence from different kinds of literary sources. Buddhist and Jaina texts form an authentic source of the political history of ancient India. The first four books of Sutta pitaka -- the Digha, Majjhima, Samyutta and Anguttara nikayas -- and the entire Vinaya pitaka were composed between the 5th and 3rd centuries BCE. The Sutta nipata also belongs to this period. The Jaina texts Bhagavati sutra and Parisisthaparvan represent the tradition that can be used as historical source material for this period. The Puranas also provide useful information on dynastic history. A comparison of Buddhist, Puranic and Jaina texts on the details of dynastic history reveals more disagreement. This may be due to the fact that they were compiled at different times. Apart from indigenous literary sources, there are number of Greek and Latin narratives of Alexander’s military achievements. They describe the political situation prevailing in northwest on the eve of Alexander’s invasion. -
Monthly Multidisciplinary Research Journal
Vol III Issue IX June 2014 ISSN No : 2249-894X ORIGINAL ARTICLE Monthly Multidisciplinary Research Journal Review Of Research Journal Chief Editors Ashok Yakkaldevi Flávio de São Pedro Filho A R Burla College, India Federal University of Rondonia, Brazil Ecaterina Patrascu Kamani Perera Spiru Haret University, Bucharest Regional Centre For Strategic Studies, Sri Lanka Welcome to Review Of Research RNI MAHMUL/2011/38595 ISSN No.2249-894X Review Of Research Journal is a multidisciplinary research journal, published monthly in English, Hindi & Marathi Language. All research papers submitted to the journal will be double - blind peer reviewed referred by members of the editorial Board readers will include investigator in universities, research institutes government and industry with research interest in the general subjects. Advisory Board Flávio de São Pedro Filho Horia Patrascu Mabel Miao Federal University of Rondonia, Brazil Spiru Haret University, Bucharest, Romania Center for China and Globalization, China Kamani Perera Delia Serbescu Ruth Wolf Regional Centre For Strategic Studies, Sri Spiru Haret University, Bucharest, Romania University Walla, Israel Lanka Xiaohua Yang Jie Hao Ecaterina Patrascu University of San Francisco, San Francisco University of Sydney, Australia Spiru Haret University, Bucharest Karina Xavier Pei-Shan Kao Andrea Fabricio Moraes de AlmeidaFederal Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), University of Essex, United Kingdom University of Rondonia, Brazil USA Catalina Neculai May Hongmei Gao Loredana Bosca University of Coventry, UK Kennesaw State University, USA Spiru Haret University, Romania Anna Maria Constantinovici Marc Fetscherin AL. I. Cuza University, Romania Rollins College, USA Ilie Pintea Spiru Haret University, Romania Romona Mihaila Liu Chen Spiru Haret University, Romania Beijing Foreign Studies University, China Mahdi Moharrampour Nimita Khanna Govind P. -
Download the Book from RBSI Archive
AUTHOR'S COPYRIGHT ALLAHABAD LAW JOURNAL PRESS, ALLAHABAD PRINTER M. N. PANDEY DEDICATED WITH PROFOUND RESPECT AND ADMIRATION TO THE MEMORY OF GENERAL SIR ALEXANDER CUNNINGHAM, C.S.T. 1814 1893 FATHER OF INDIAN ARCHAEOLOGY Colonel A. Cunningham, whale he was the Chief Engi- neer of the North-Western Provinces, laid betore Lord Canning in November 1861, a memorandum praying for a complete and systematic archaeological investigation of the ancient historic ruins of Upper India. This led to his appointment as the first Archaeological Surveyor to the Government of India. As director of the Archaeological Survey (1870 1885) he brought to light the immense importance of the archaeological ruins of more than fifty ancient cities including KauSambi in the United Provin- ces. (A.S.R. Vol. I). PREFACE A few of my articles on the early history of KauSambi were published in papers and journals from time to time, and a paper on a controversial point of its history in the second century B.C. was read at the SIXTH ORIENTAL CONFERENCE, held at Baroda. All these formed the nucleus of the present monograph. In it I have endeavoured to present an account of the ancient greatness of KauSambi, now reduced to a ruined fortress. The facts have been arranged to give the story a con- tinuous form, which, however, has been broken on account of the paucity of materials available on the subject. The materials for these pages have been drawn mainly from primary sources Sanskrit and Pali literature. The references in the ancient texts have been used after careful sifting in the light of epigraphic, archaeological and numismatic evi- dences. -
Save Historical Heritage Programme at Halasi - 2011
Introduction Aims and Objectives Year wise Programmes 2010-2011 – Nesaragi 2011-2012 – Halasi 2012-2013 – Uchagaon 2013-2014 – Chachadi 2014-2015 - Hukkeri Introduction India with its rich heritage and culture is the treasure house monuments. As footprints of civilisation and as the cultural property of our nation, it is the bounden responsibility of every citizen to preserve and protect the monuments for posterity. Aims and Objectives Following are the aims and objectives of the Save Historical Heritage programme. To create awareness about the significance of Historical monuments and cultural artefacts and the need to preserve the same. To fulfil the social responsibility of the preservation and protection of the cultural property of our nation. To channelize youth energy With this aim the Department of History has been actively involved in the protection of the monuments with its signature programme of Save Historical Heritage. Under the aegis of this programme students are taken to historical sites in various places in Belgaum district where monuments are housed. The monuments which are in bad shape and scattered are preserved. The fallen temple pillars, damaged inscriptions, wrecked memorial stones and broken sculptures are carefully unearthed and rearranged. Awareness is also created by arranging numismatics exhibition, visit to heritage homes like historic waades/mansions, museums housing ancient documents and manuscripts. Besides instilling patriotic fervour and a sense of pride towards our rich and varied culture among students, the save historical heritage programme enables the students and staff to fulfil institutional social responsibility by the preservation of our monuments to posterity. Year wise Programmes Save historical heritage programme at Nesaragi 2010-2011 Nesaragi, a tiny village situated in Bailhongal taluk of Belgaum district is an historical town full of temples, Jain Basadis and inscriptions. -
Why I Became a Hindu
Why I became a Hindu Parama Karuna Devi published by Jagannatha Vallabha Vedic Research Center Copyright © 2018 Parama Karuna Devi All rights reserved Title ID: 8916295 ISBN-13: 978-1724611147 ISBN-10: 1724611143 published by: Jagannatha Vallabha Vedic Research Center Website: www.jagannathavallabha.com Anyone wishing to submit questions, observations, objections or further information, useful in improving the contents of this book, is welcome to contact the author: E-mail: [email protected] phone: +91 (India) 94373 00906 Please note: direct contact data such as email and phone numbers may change due to events of force majeure, so please keep an eye on the updated information on the website. Table of contents Preface 7 My work 9 My experience 12 Why Hinduism is better 18 Fundamental teachings of Hinduism 21 A definition of Hinduism 29 The problem of castes 31 The importance of Bhakti 34 The need for a Guru 39 Can someone become a Hindu? 43 Historical examples 45 Hinduism in the world 52 Conversions in modern times 56 Individuals who embraced Hindu beliefs 61 Hindu revival 68 Dayananda Saraswati and Arya Samaj 73 Shraddhananda Swami 75 Sarla Bedi 75 Pandurang Shastri Athavale 75 Chattampi Swamikal 76 Narayana Guru 77 Navajyothi Sree Karunakara Guru 78 Swami Bhoomananda Tirtha 79 Ramakrishna Paramahamsa 79 Sarada Devi 80 Golap Ma 81 Rama Tirtha Swami 81 Niranjanananda Swami 81 Vireshwarananda Swami 82 Rudrananda Swami 82 Swahananda Swami 82 Narayanananda Swami 83 Vivekananda Swami and Ramakrishna Math 83 Sister Nivedita -
Lingayatism :- a Historical Study Dr
International Journal of Research e-ISSN: 2348-6848 p-ISSN: 2348-795X Available at https://edupediapublications.org/journals Volume 05 Issue-01 January 2018 Lingayatism :- A Historical Study Dr. Rakesh Kumar Department of History Abstract: Lingayatism was an important Maritontadarya [16th Century] moment in 12th century. It was started by (Sanskrit language) Basava in Karnataka. It was socio religious Poet Harihara (Hampe) 1195 A.D. in nature. It was against caste system. (Kannada Poet) Basava rejected caste system.He also GubbiyaMallanaraya-GururajCharite opposed child marriage, alcoholism and (1650 A.D., Kannada language) other evils.Vachans and other sources play Chamarasa-PrabhulingaLeela (1400 an important role to reconstruct the history Kannada language) of lingayatism. As far as the life of Basava is Keywords:-Lingayatism, Basawa, Caste, concerned, he was a native of Bagevadi in Child Marriage, History. present Karnataka. he was the son of Introduction: Lingayatism emerged as a Madiraja. His mother was Madalamba. He great force in the sphere of religion in belong to Brahmin caste by birth. Bladeva Karnataka in 12th century. There are many his maternal uncle was a minister in the historical evidence which clarify Lingayath court of king Bijjala. Basava was also religion was founded by Guru Basareshwara. appointed as a minister in the court of Bijjala. They are as following given below:- But there are multiple views about his job. In PalkurikeSomnath (1200 A.D., in the one view, when his uncle fell sick and was Telgu language) bedridden, his responsibilities were Mayidevaaprabhu (Magge) [1400, transferred to Basava. Kannada Poet] In another view, Basava successfully ChaturmukhaBommarasa [1500 A.D., deciphered an inscription that disclosed the Kannada Poet] location of treasure. -
Kannada Research Institute.Pdf
KARNATAK UNIVERSITY, DHARWAD A Grade NAAC Accredited 2008 University with Potential for Excellence KANNADA RESEARCH INSTITUTE Profile Model of the Rampurva Bull Capital (on Ashokan Pillar Edict) 1 Karnatak University, Dharwad Kannada Research Institute Vision and Mission of the University Vision: The University strives towards excellence in teaching-learning with relevant curriculum and innovative research, promoting good governance and inclusiveness by providing leadership for a knowledge society. Mission: To design and teach curriculum that is contemporary, competitive and content-rich to make students creative, knowledgeable and entrepreneurial. To encourage faculty to engage in relevant and globally competitive inter multi- disciplinary research, consultancy and extension work. To provide infrastructure resources to facilitate access, equity and harmony both for students and faculty. To create the best possible academic ambience for achieving advancement of students and faculty to be leaders in their endeavors. To make administration efficient, transparent and adaptable to e-governance. Vision and Mission of the Kannada Research Institute VISION An awareness of tradition is the guiding principle of Man’s contemporary consciousness and his notions of the future. The wider the activity of exploring, collecting, interpreting, exhibiting and publishing and analyzing the primary source materials that creates this awareness, the greater is the possibility of each individual in society developing his personality and becoming aware of the traditional culture of his environment. In the light of the knowledge thus obtained, the individuals find ways and means of refining the life at the present and shape the future of the society and communities. MISSION The roots of our history and culture are extensively found on the surface of earth as they lie at the depths of it. -
1 No.GOB(I) 42/2016 HIGH COURT of KARNATAKA, BENGALURU, DATED: 17TH JUNE, 2016. N O T I F I C a T I O N PART-I the Following
1 No.GOB(I) 42/2016 HIGH COURT OF KARNATAKA, BENGALURU, DATED: 17TH JUNE, 2016. N O T I F I C A T I O N PART-I The following transfer and postings of Officers of Judicial Department in the cadre of Civil Judges, are ordered in the interest of public service, to take effect from the forenoon of 20 th June 2016:- Sl. Name of the Officer Present Place Place to which posted No. 1 2 3 4 1 Sri.N.Subramanya I Addl. Civil Judge and Registrar, JMFC II Court, Court of Small Causes, Kalaburagi. Bengaluru City. (Vacant Post) (ON REQUEST) 2 Smt.Roopa K. II Addl. Civil Judge and Metropolitan JMFC II Court, Magistrate Kalaburagi. (Traffic Court-II ), Bengaluru City. (Vacant Court) (ON REQUEST) 3 Smt.Latha Devi G.A. Metropolitan Magistrate, Deputy Registrar, (Traffic Court-IV), City Civil Court, Bengaluru City. Bengaluru City. (Vacant Post) 4 Smt.Bankapur Civil Judge and JMFC, I Addl. Civil Judge and Parveen Abdulhameed Muddebihal. JMFC I Court, Vijayapura. (Vice Smt. Rajashwari J.Puranik-transferred) (ON REQUEST) 5 Sm t.Tayyaba Sultana Civil Judge and JMFC, Prl. Civil Judge and Kudligi. JMFC, Shahapur, Ballari District. Yadgir District. (Vacant Court) (ON REQUEST) 6 Sri.Dyavappa.S.B. Addl. Civil Judge an d Prl. Civil Judge and JMFC, JMFC, Doddaballapur. Doddaballapur. (Vacant Court) 7 Smt.Ujwala Veeranna II Addl. Civil Judge and Addl. Civil Judge and JMFC II Court, JMFC II Court, Bidar. Bidar. (Vacant Court) 2 8 Sri.R.Mahesha Addl. Civil Judge and Prl. Civil Judge, JMFC, Bantwal. Bantwal. (Vacant Court) 9 Sri.C.N.Chandan Addl. -
Miscellaneous a TRAGIC RAVANA
Miscellaneous A TRAGIC RAVANA I I have often pitied poor Ravana. His is no doubt a cursed name—Loka-kantaka, Scourge of the world—handed down the ages, branded—and who knows, wounded, none so human as to waste some sympathy on the Demon-Monster. Rishi and poet, Pouranik and dramatist, the Saint in the rapture of Bhakti and the Prakrit or vernacular minor or major versifier in ecstasy borne on the swelling tide of devotion, the Dasa who spins out his Hari-katha, and the village Bottom who roars you in Ercles’ vein— all, all have conspired to stamp on the imagination of India a repulsive Ravana, the terrible Rakshasa, the mighty Asura, ten-headed monster, cruel Devil, incarnation of the wicked principle, enemy of Gods and men, harasser of saints and sages, destroyer of sacrifices, violater of women—all have but one name to give him “Ravana,” thy name is Evil. It is all very edifying, impressive, sublime, undoubtedly. Black against white, evil against good, monstrosity against beauty, a simple law of contrast, the very trick of the early artist and primitive preacher of morals. Rama and Ravana! All is said. And now look on this picture! Charming boy, obedient son, loving brother, loyal husband, chivalrous prince, fearless warrior, merciful enemy, lover of truth, soul of sacrifice, beloved by subject, beloved by all—Ramachandra, Ramabhadra—perfect Man, nay, is he not perfect God? And between Rama and Ravana, Sita: to name her is to praise her, to call her blessed. Not in vain was Valmiki hailed Rishi, Adi Kavi, Holy Saint, Father of poets: and he wept for a shot bird! And in his wake, with whatever touches of individual genius, variety of incident or modification of character, not in vain, have followed Bhasa and Kalidasa, Bava-Bhuti and Tulsi Das. -
HISTORY ANCIENT INDIA Thought of the Day
Todays Topic HISTORY ANCIENT INDIA Thought of the Day Everything is Fair in Love & War Todays Topic 16 Mahajanpadas Part – 2 16 MAHAJANPADAS Mahajanapadas with some Vital Informations – 1) Kashi - Capital - Varanasi Location - Varanasi dist of Uttar Pradesh Information - It was one of the most powerful Mahajanapadas. Famous for Cotton Textiles and market for horses. 16 MAHAJANPADAS 2) Koshala / Ayodhya - Capital – Shravasti Location - Faizabad, Gonda region or Eastern UP Information - Most popular king was Prasenjit. He was contemporary and friend of Buddha . 16 MAHAJANPADAS 3) Anga - Capital – Champa / Champanagari Location - Munger and Bhagalpur Dist of Bihar Information - It was a great centre of trade and commerce . In middle of 6th century BC, Anga was annexed by Magadha under Bimbisara. 16 MAHAJANPADAS 4) Vajji ( North Bihar ) - Capital – Vaishali Location – Vaishali dist. of Bihar Information - Vajjis represented a confederacy of eight clans of whom Videhas were the most well known. আটট বংেশর একট সংেঘর িতিনিধ কেরিছেলন, যােদর মেধ িভডাহস সবািধক পিরিচত। • Videhas had their capital at Mithila. 16 MAHAJANPADAS 5) Malla ( Gorakhpur Region ) - Capital – Pavapuri in Kushinagar Location – South of Vaishali dist in UP Information - Buddha died in the vicinity of Kushinagar. Magadha annexed it after Buddha's death. 16 MAHAJANPADAS 6) Chedi - Capital – Suktimati Location – Eastern part of Bundelkhand Information - Chedi territory Corresponds to the Eastern parts of modern Bundelkhand . A branch of Chedis founded a royal dynasty in the kingdom of Kalinga . 16 MAHAJANPADAS 16 MAHAJANPADAS 7) Vatsa - Capital – Kausambi Location – Dist of Allahabad, Mirzapur of Uttar Pradesh Information - Situated around the region of Allahabad.