DOCSLIB.ORG

T. Gallé – Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
T. Gallé – Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology Emission inventories for priority substances at catchment levels: Solving the PAH source conundrum with an array of in‐stream tools T. Gallé Michael Bayerle, Denis Pittois, Andreas Krein Luxembourg Institue of Science and Technology Contact: [email protected] BAD CHEMICAL STATUS PAH EQS exceedance most common reason • All surveillance sites in Luxembourg exceed EQS for high-molecular weight PAH • Same trends in the neighboring regions (Rhine-Mosel Commission) • PAH often considered as ubiquitous with important atmospheric immission • Fatalistic attitude upon improving the situation (little concrete measures in RBMP) • Scarce efforts to investigate spatial differentitation and sources more thoroughly 2 PAH SOURCES AND DYNAMICS What the literature says • Exports from catchments > current atmospheric deposition (urban areas) • Street deposits major source • Soils often secondary source • Accumulation in soils in vicinity of traffic • Building up of stocks in sewers (first flushs) • Role of combustion derived carbonaceous particles • Contaminated industrial sites (historical) 3 EMISSION INVENTORIES One scheme for all compounds? 4 • Is this adapted to secondary pollutants with diffuse sources and a strong affinity for solids? SUBSTANCE FLOW ANALYSIS Regionalized emission balances Susp. matter [mg/L] 500 • Substance flow Ettelbruck analysis in different 400 catchment 300 • Establishment of Q-C Data: Data1_B 200 Model: Allometric1 Equation: y = a*x^b relationships Weighting: y No weighting Chi^2/DoF = 1240.40378 Susp. matter [mg/L] matter Susp. 100 R^2 = 0.76735 • Calculation of a 0.92937 ±0.34971 b 1.32497 ±0.09034 catchment loads 0 • Characterization of 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 Discharge [m3/s] pollution level in 7000 Ettelbruck different hydrological 6000 situations 5000 y = a*x^b R^2 = 0.98238 4000 a 0.02843 ±0.03588 • Contribution of b 3.11534 ±0.32406 3000 Sum PAH WWTPs and urban [ng/l] PAH runoff 2000 1000 0 -1000 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 3 5 Discharge [m /s] SUSPENDED MATTER POLLUTION Source discrimination PAH solid > 15 mg/L Susp M Sum PAH solid > 15 mg/L susp. m 35 Sum PAH solid > 15 mg/L susp. matter 30 Steinsel 30 Ettelbruck 30 Hunnebour 25 25 20 20 20 15 15 10 PAH solidPAH [mg/kg] PAH solid [mg/kg] PAHsolid [mg/kg] 10 10 5 5 0 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 0 0 100 200 300 400 Susp. M. [mg/l] Susp. M. [mg/l] Susp. M. [mg/l] • Solid contamination levels allow for objective comparison in different hydrological situations and catchments (SPM as main carrier) • High levels of SPM indicate strong catchment wide erosion and background levels of (alluvial) contamination 6 CATCHMENT BALANCES Yearly variability - uncertainties Daily discharge [mM3] Daily discharge [Mm3] 25 Daily average PAH solid [mg/kg] Ettelbruck 250 25 Ettelbruck 250 Daily average PAH solid [mg/kg] DAily PAH 16 load [kg] Daily PAH 16 load [kg] 20 200 20 200 ] 3 ] 3 15 150 15 150 2002-2003 2003-2004 3 Discharge 401 Mm3 Discharge 210 Mm 10 PAH 16 load 123 kg 100 10 PAH 16 load 824 kg 100 Average PAH 16 conc. 2.05 g/L Average PAH 16 conc. 0.58 g/L Daily 16loadPAH [kg] Daily loadPAH 16 [kg] Dailydischarge [Mm Dailydischarge [Mm 5 50 5 50 Average solid [mg/kg] PAH 16 Average solid 16[mg/kg] PAH 0 0 0 0 01/04/2003 01/08/2003 01/12/2003 01/04/2004 01/04/2002 01/08/2002 01/12/2002 01/04/2003 Steinsel Ettelbrück Steinsel Ettelbrück 2002-2003 2002-2003 2003-2004 2003-2004 Yearly discharge [Mm3] 183 401 99 210 Yearly load PAH [kg] 241 824 56 123 Yearly average 1.32 2.05 0.58 0.58 concentration PAH [µg/L] Yearly average 95 160 33 37 concentration SPM [mg/L] • Yearly loads are governed by SPM yield – read: hydrological events 7 • SPM pollution levels is the more objective measure CONTRIBUTION BY URBAN AREAS WWTPs vs runoff pollution 500 • Contribution of WWTPs: WWTP outlets Schifflange medians of measurement 400 Bettembourg Bonnevoie Beggen campaigns 300 Mersch • Contribution of surface runoff 200 PAH 15PAH[ng/l] • Combined sewers 100 Difference between 0 A B C D E effective precipitation 25 Schifflange Bettembourg Bonnevoie Beggen Mersch on impervious surfaces WWTP outlet SPM and discharge of WWTPs 20 • Separative sewers: Effective 15 precipitation 10 • Median concentrations: PAHsolid [mg/kg] 5 measurements/literature 0 A B C D E Schifflange Bettembourg Bonnevoie Beggen Mersch Beringen 8 CONTRIBUTION PATTERNS Runoff as the main source? Alzette by Difference Alzette by Difference Steinsel PAH loads [kg/y] WWTP Steinsel discharge [Mm3/y] WWTP 2002-2003 CSO 2002-2003 CSO Stormwater Stormwater 5.52 (3.02%) 149.93 (81.93%) 31.9 (17.45%) 15.9 (8.69%) 142 (77.68%) 5.7 (3.12%) 11.65 (6.37%) 3.2 (1.75%) Alzette by Difference Steinsel Cu loads [kg/y] Alzette by Difference tot WWTP WWTP Steinsel PAH loads [kg/y] 2002-2003 CSO CSO 2003-2004 Stormwater Stormwater 138 (12.59%) 249 (22.72%) 5.34 (9.54%) 12.56 (22.43%) 8.76 (15.64%) 133 (12.14%) 576 (52.55%) 29.34 (52.39%) • The contribution of WWTPs and urban runoff is much smaller for PAH than for metals 9 • The contribution is largely dependent on the hydrological season (wet year vs. dry year) FLOOD EVENTS Source mobilisation and transport dynamics • Follow-up project on urban runoff through in- stream balances • 3 triggerd autosamplers in a longitudinal profile from industrial region to strongly urbanized segments • Event based balancing and peak analysis in flood waves • Can we depict fast urban runoff contributions in chemographs? 10 EVENT MEAN CONCENTRATIONS Fingerprinitng the sources Hesperange Pfaffenthal Livange 200 150 250 Cu solid [mg/kg] Model: Allometric1 Model: Allometric1 200 150 Equation: Equation: y = 73,93306*x^-0,34051 y = 63,96336*x^-0,23224 100 R^2 = 0.70805 R^2 = 0.87077 150 100 100 50 50 EMC Cu solid [mg/kg] EMC Cu solid [mg/kg] 50 0 Event mean concentration [mg/kg] 0 0 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 0 1 2 3 4 5 3 3 Q tot [Mm ] 3 Q tot [Mm ] Q tot [Mm ] Livange Hesperange Pfaffenthal 40 40 40 Data: EMC_J Sum 16 PAH [mg/kg] Model: Allometric1 Sum 16 PAH [mg/kg] Data: EMC_J Equation: Model: Allometric1 y = a*x^b Sum 16 PAH [mg/kg] Equation: Weighting: y = a*x^b y No weighting Weighting: Chi^2/DoF = 13.59298 30 30 y No weighting 30 R^2 = 0.77278 Chi^2/DoF = 14.56994 a 20.9788 ±1.73531 R^2 = 0.84231 b -0.19328 ±0.05202 a 22.75079 ±2.07217 b -0.28274 ±0.08227 20 20 20 10 10 10 Event mean concentration [mg/kg] Event mean concentration [mg/kg] Event mean concentration [mg/kg] 0 0 0 0 1 2 3 4 5 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 3 3 Q tot [Mm3] Q tot [Mm ] Q tot [Mm ] • EMC for Copper and PAH show higher solid contamination in small events (Cu > PAH) 11 • Small events have higher contributions of first-flushes vs catchment erosion SPATIAL VARIABILITY Limited outreach of PAH pollution 200 40 Livange 150 30 Hesperange 35 Livange 200 Pfaffenthal Hesperange Pfaffenthal 30 150 25 100 20 20 100 16 PAH [mg/kg] 15 PAH 16solidPAH [mg/kg] EMC Cu solid [mg/kg] 10 EMC EMC CuEMCsolid [mg/kg] 50 50 10 EMC 5 0 0 Event 1 Event 2 Event3 Event 6 Event 7 Event 8 Event 9 Event 1 Event 2 Event3 Event 6 Event 7 Event 8 Event 9 Event 10 Event 11 Event 10 0 0 Event 4+5 Event 4+5 Livange Livange Pfaffenthal Pfaffenthal Hesperange Hesperange • PAH pollution and Copper pollution behave differently in longitudinal profile • Sources seem to be diverse and variably mobilisable 12 MASS FLOW COMPONENTS Deconvoluting flood waves Livange Wave 2 Real load Cu 9.07 kg FF load Cu 2.26 kg (28%) 7000 BG load Cu 4.27 kg (52 %) 200 FF2 load Cu 1.63 kg (20%) 6000 Sum load Cu 8.16 kg (fit 0.9) Discharge 150 5000 Particle solid concentrations /15 min]/15 Livange Wave 2 3000 3 4000 [mg/kg]: FF: 122 Real load ssp 129.90 t 100 BG: 44 7000 FF load ssp 18.45 t (15%) 3000 FF2: 161 BG load ssp 97.14 t (77%) 2500 2000 Culoadmin] [g/15 6000 FF2 load ssp 10.10 t (8%) Discharge[m 50 Sum load ssp 127.7 t (fit 0.97) 1000 2000 5000 Discharge 0 0 0 50 100 150 200 250 /15 min]/15 3 4000 1500 time step [15 min] Livange Wave 2 Real load PAH 3.36 kg 3000 FF load PAH 0.29 kg (10%) 1000 7000 BG load PAH 2.44 kg (81 %) FF2 load PAH 0.27 kg (9%) 2000 Susp. M. [kg/15 min][kg/15 M. Susp. 60 Discharge[m 6000 Sum load PAH 3.00 kg (fit 0.89) 500 Discharge 1000 5000 Particle solid concentrations /15 min]/15 40 3 4000 [mg/kg]: 0 0 FF: 16 0 50 100 150 200 250 BG: 25 3000 FF2: 27 time steps [15 min] 20 2000 min]loadPAH [g/15 • First we identify and fit SPM loads (turbidity signal) Discharge[m 1000 • Then we allocate a pollution to each SPM source 0 0 0 50 100 150 200 250 13 time step [15 min] MASS FLOW COMPONENTS Deconvoluting flood waves Pfaffenthal wave 2 120 12000 Discharge Event First FF BG Real load PAH 6.85 kg load Flush conc.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • American Armies and Battlefields in Europe 533
    Chapter xv MISCELLANEOUS HE American Battle Monuments The size or type of the map illustrating Commission was created by Con- any particular operation in no way indi- Tgress in 1923. In carrying out its cates the importance of the operation; task of commeroorating the services of the clearness was the only governing factor. American forces in Europe during the The 1, 200,000 maps at the ends of W or ld W ar the Commission erected a ppro- Chapters II, III, IV and V have been priate memorials abroad, improved the placed there with the idea that while the eight military cemeteries there and in this tourist is reading the text or following the volume records the vital part American tour of a chapter he will keep the map at soldiers and sailors played in bringing the the end unfolded, available for reference. war to an early and successful conclusion. As a general rule, only the locations of Ail dates which appear in this book are headquarters of corps and divisions from inclusive. For instance, when a period which active operations were directed is stated as November 7-9 it includes more than three days are mentioned in ail three days, i. e., November 7, 8 and 9. the text. Those who desire more com- The date giYen for the relief in the plete information on the subject can find front Jine of one division by another is it in the two volumes published officially that when the command of the sector by the Historical Section, Army W ar passed to the division entering the line.
    [Show full text]
  • Differential Grain Use on the Titelberg, Luxembourg
    ]. Ethnobiol. 2(1): 79-88 May 1982 DIFFERENTIAL GRAIN USE ON THE TITELBERG, LUXEMBOURG RALPH M. ROWLETT and ANNE L. PRICE Department ofAnthropology, University ofMissouri-Columbia Columbia, MO. 65211 MARIA HOPF Emeritus Curator of Ethnobotany, Romisch-Germanische Zentral Museum Mainz Federal Republic of Germany ABSTRACT.-The "Titelberg," Luxembourg, is an Iron Age hillfort which was occupied from La Tene II (ca. 200 B.C.) until the end of the Roman Empire in northern Gaul (ca. A.D. 400). Prior to the Iron Age there was also a Neolithic use of the mountain top in the third millenium B.C. From the Iron Age until its abandonment, the Titelberg was mainly populated by Celtic folk, apparently of the Treveri tribal chiefdom. Carbonized cereal grains have been recovered from most levels. At the emplacement excavated by the Uni­ versity of Missouri, there were a stratified series of mint foundries. From the late Neolithic comes a small variety of wheat, while oats appear as early as the hearths of La Tene II. From the Dalles Floor phase, after the Roman conquest, barley is the most frequently encountered grain. Bread wheat does not make a strong appearance until the late fourth century, when either the last inhabitants of the Titelberg or immigrating Franks left the most recent feature to be excavated. Although the remains are found in the context of a continuing cultural tradition, the particular combinations of cereals recovered change with either major shifts in cultural trajectory or the appearance of intrusive cultures nearby. These changes seem not necessarily "caused" simply by either overt introductions or the prestige of the intrusive culture, but as a way to adjust to other factors, such as taxation, political status, and meat supply.
    [Show full text]
  • Supplementary Information for Ancient Genomes from Present-Day France
    Supplementary Information for Ancient genomes from present-day France unveil 7,000 years of its demographic history. Samantha Brunel, E. Andrew Bennett, Laurent Cardin, Damien Garraud, Hélène Barrand Emam, Alexandre Beylier, Bruno Boulestin, Fanny Chenal, Elsa Cieselski, Fabien Convertini, Bernard Dedet, Sophie Desenne, Jerôme Dubouloz, Henri Duday, Véronique Fabre, Eric Gailledrat, Muriel Gandelin, Yves Gleize, Sébastien Goepfert, Jean Guilaine, Lamys Hachem, Michael Ilett, François Lambach, Florent Maziere, Bertrand Perrin, Susanne Plouin, Estelle Pinard, Ivan Praud, Isabelle Richard, Vincent Riquier, Réjane Roure, Benoit Sendra, Corinne Thevenet, Sandrine Thiol, Elisabeth Vauquelin, Luc Vergnaud, Thierry Grange, Eva-Maria Geigl, Melanie Pruvost Email: [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], Contents SI.1 Archaeological context ................................................................................................................. 4 SI.2 Ancient DNA laboratory work ................................................................................................... 20 SI.2.1 Cutting and grinding ............................................................................................................ 20 SI.2.2 DNA extraction .................................................................................................................... 21 SI.2.3 DNA purification ................................................................................................................. 22 SI.2.4
    [Show full text]
  • Risks in Hydrological Modelling Due to Uncertainties in Discharge Determination
    Risk in Water Resources Management (Proceedings of Symposium H03 held during IUGG2011 95 in Melbourne, Australia, July 2011) (IAHS Publ. 347, 2011). Risks in hydrological modelling due to uncertainties in discharge determination MARTIJN J. BOOIJ1, SANDER P. M. VAN DEN TILLAART1,2 1 & MAARTEN S. KROL 1 Department of Water Engineering and Management, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands [email protected] 2 Water Board Rijn and IJssel, Doetinchem, The Netherlands Abstract Uncertainties in discharge determination may have serious consequences for hydrological modelling and resulting discharge predictions affecting flood and drought risk assessment and decision making. The aim of this study is to quantify the effect of discharge errors on parameters and performance of a conceptual hydrological model for discharge prediction applied to two catchments. Four error sources in discharge determination are considered: a combination of systematic and random measurement errors without autocorrelation; random measurement errors with autocorrelation; hysteresis in the discharge-water level relation; and effects of an outdated discharge–water level relation. Results show that systematic errors and an outdated discharge–water level relation have a considerable influence on model performance, while other error sources have a small to negligible effect. The effects of errors on parameters are large if the effects on model performance are large, and vice versa. Parameters controlling the water balance are influenced by systematic errors, and parameters related to the shape of the hydrograph are influenced by random errors. Large effects of discharge errors on model performance and parameters should be taken into account when using discharge predictions for risk assessment and decision making.
    [Show full text]
  • The Battle of the Ardennes 22 August 1914
    This electronic thesis or dissertation has been downloaded from the King’s Research Portal at https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/ The Battle of the Ardennes 22 August 1914 House, Simon Awarding institution: King's College London The copyright of this thesis rests with the author and no quotation from it or information derived from it may be published without proper acknowledgement. END USER LICENCE AGREEMENT Unless another licence is stated on the immediately following page this work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International licence. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ You are free to copy, distribute and transmit the work Under the following conditions: Attribution: You must attribute the work in the manner specified by the author (but not in any way that suggests that they endorse you or your use of the work). Non Commercial: You may not use this work for commercial purposes. No Derivative Works - You may not alter, transform, or build upon this work. Any of these conditions can be waived if you receive permission from the author. Your fair dealings and other rights are in no way affected by the above. Take down policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact [email protected] providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. Download date: 02. Oct. 2021 This electronic theses or dissertation has been downloaded from the King’s Research Portal at https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/ The Battle of the Ardennes 22 August 1914 Title: Author: Simon House The copyright of this thesis rests with the author and no quotation from it or information derived from it may be published without proper acknowledgement.
    [Show full text]
  • The Battle of the Marne in Memoriam N
    THE BATTLE OF THE MARNE IN MEMORIAM N. F. P. + E. L. P. fhetmnfi Douat# POSITIONS firms'* Bonchx t& ARMIES Doultzris Camb onifk'&xtf die. Battle*- mndt&c «<rvtml vtrtMtiv GB*man Armies. I-Von Kliick. H-Von Biilow. HI-Von Hansen. IV-Duke of Wurtemberg. V~ Imperial Crown Prince. VPC. Princa of Bavaria. (& troops from Metz) VTT Vbn Heeringen French & BritL-sh Annies: 6-Maimoupy-.. B.E.E British. 5-F.d'Espcrey-.. 9-Foch 4-DeLanole deCary. 3-SarraiL 2-DeCa5*elnau.. f-DubaiL... vr eLcLpgae-rmms Plia.lsboLWgr '8 0 Save l]Jt::£lainon ,MI DONON _ ST!/ ? — SchMtskadt*tstao 51.Marie 'jVisLri^A'ay --.uns'ter V. THE BATTLE OF THE MARNE BY GEORGE HERBERT PERRIS SPECIAL CORRESPONDENT OF "THE DAILY CHRONICLE" WITH THE FRENCH ARMIES, 1914-18 WITH TWELVE MAPS JOHN W. LUCE & CO. BOSTON MCMXX PREFACE HE great war has entered into history. The restraints, direct and indirect, which it imposed being gone with it, we return to sounder tests of what should be public knowledge—uncomfortable truths may be told, secret places explored. At the same time, the first squall of controversy in France over the opening of the land campaign in the West has subsided; this lull is the student's opportunity. No complete history of the events culminating in the victory of the Marne is yet possible, or soon to be expected. On the German side, evidence is scanty and of low value ; on that of the Allies, there is yet a preliminary work of sifting and measuring to undertake ere definitive judgments can be set down.
    [Show full text]
  • Action 6 : Coulée Verte Et Bleue
    Commune d'Aubange RÉNOVATION URBAINE de ATHUS Troisième phase ACTION 6 : COULÉE VERTE ET BLEUE 1.1. CONTEXTE 1.1.1. Localisation (partie : Brüll – Pêcherie ) - Source Microsoft 2011 Ce périmètre d'actions parcourt la Messancy du nord au sud. Huit sites sont repris dans le schéma : 1. Quartier Pesch – rue du Centre 2. Intérieur d'îlot rue du Centre / Grand-rue 3. Liaison Grand-rue, rue A. Claude 4. Plaine du Brüll 5. Pêcherie – rive est 6. Confluent Messancy – Chiers et potagers IDELux - Ph.Nicolas 0.RUAthus.P3.FA6.CouleeVerteBleue.111216.doc / 11-12-16 1/14 Commune d'Aubange RÉNOVATION URBAINE de ATHUS Troisième phase 7. Cheminement le long du canal vers l’avenue de l’Europe 8. Liaison (rues Ougrée et du Centenaire – garages) avec le projet prioritaire " Entrée sud " 1.1.2. Contexte historique Dans la partie sud du périmètre ont peut remarquer l'impact de l'activité sidérurgique sur le réseau des cours d'eau : • la pêcherie : ancien bassin de gestion des eaux pour la sidérurgie. • l'aménagement du confluent / barrage Messancy / Chiers • la création d'un canal d'alimentation vers les usines 1969 : PCA " Quartier du Brüll " 1993 : création d'une voirie entre les rues du Bassin et du Lavoir 1997 : PCA " Quartier Pesch " fin 90 : modification du cours de la Messancy 2000 : aménagement de la plaine du Brüll 2001 : aménagement du quartier Pesch 2005-6 : création du parc animalier et aménagement de la plaine de jeux 2007-8 : travaux d'aménagement du lit de la Messancy sur le tronçon entre la Grand-rue et la rue A.
    [Show full text]
  • The Battle of the Marne in M E M O R I a M
    9'^ f<^ CDCO O CO •CD CO ;0 .CD .1^ Presented to the UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO LIBRARY by the ONTARIO LEGISLATIVE LIBRARY 1980 THE BATTLE OF THE MARNE IN M E M O R I A M N. F. P. + E. L. P. Digitized by the Internet Arciiive in 2010 with funding from University of Toronto http://www.archive.org/details/battleofmarnOOperr . ttr^ (qfcneral IVlap shcwma VOSlTlOKoP ta ARMIES on the Pvc cftne Bztdc: suxdtEc cctttfeii(}cvmazv lines ofApproick Germem Arraias I-VonKLuck. II-VonBiilow. ni-Von Hansen . IV-Duke of Wiirtjerabepg. V- I-mperbsd. Crown Prmcc. VI-C. Prnrbcxz of Bavaria (c^- /rocps )9'OT7i Metz) VH- "Vbn He<2rmg<zn French & British Arrnias ; 6-Maiincnipy.. B.E-K Brliish 5-E d'Espcrey . 9- Foch. 4-DeLanal2deCary. 3-SarraiL 1- S-DeCasteLnaoi . DubadL . ntzPtzviUe f "l/IT MI DONON ^ ®-^/^Sw '""*' °^* Schjittstadt .^ S't'.Mar'ie Bpixyeres i ;•• -^ • ^-. , # /^i^'»lma.T* * *^^ \ /Sir * * iV ^^ Qaunster «S^ V^ Miles u^"''^ >.?<jSlV£j4r IHE BATTUEwim^^ THE MARN£;.,J^ BY GEORGE HERBERT PERRIS SPECIAL CORRESPONDENT OF "THE DAILY CHRONICLE" WITH THE FRENCH ARMIES, 1914-18 WITH TWELVE IVTAPS METHUEN & GO. LTD. 36 ESSEX STREET W.G. LONDON %r. First Published in IQ20 PREFACE THE great war has entered into history. The restraints, diiect and indirect, which it imposed being gone with it, we return to sounder tests of what should be pubUc knowledge—uncomfortable truths may be told, secret places explored. At the same time, the first squall of controversy in France over the opening of the land campaign in the West has subsided ; this lull is the student's opportunity.
    [Show full text]
  • Iron and Associated Industries of Lorraine, the Sarre District, Luxemburg, and Belgium
    UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY GEORGE OTIS SMITH, Director Bulletin 703 THE IRON AND ASSOCIATED INDUSTRIES OF LORRAINE, THE SARRE DISTRICT, LUXEMBURG, AND BELGIUM BY ALFRED H. BROOKS AND MORRIS F. LA CROIX WASHINGTON GOVERNMENT P R I N T I N Q O F F I O E 1920 CONTENTS. Page. Preface, by Alfred H. Brooks......................... '.. .................... 9 The past and future use of Lorraine iron ore, by Alfred H. Brooks............. 13 Introduction............................................... ^.......... 13 Lorraine iron deposits.................................................. 16 General features................................................... 16 Reserves........................................................... 18 Geographic relations................................................ 19 Composition of ores................................................. 19 Mining costs....................................................... 20 Coking coal.............................................................. 20 General distribution.......................................:....... 20 . French coal fields.................................................. 20 Westphalian coal field............................................. 24 Coal fields west of the Rhine........................................ 25 Sarre coal field.................................................... 25 Belgian coal fields.................................................. 26 Summary.......................................................... 26 Ownership and value of.metallurgic
    [Show full text]
  • International River Basin District Meuse Characteristics, Review Of
    International River Basin District Meuse Characteristics, Review of the Environmental Impact of Human Activity, Economic Analysis of Water Use Roof report on the international coordination pursuant to Article 3 (4) of the analysis required by Article 5 of Directive 2000/60/EC establishing a framework for Community action in the field of water policy (Water Framework Directive) Liège, 23 March 2005 Rapport final MEUSE_angl_def - 1 - 02-08-2005 The following abbreviated title may be used to refer to this report: “International River Basin District Meuse – Analysis, Roof Report, International Meuse Commission, 2005” Every use of this report shall be accompanied by a reference to it. This shall also be the case when maps or data taken from the report are used or made more widely available The maps in the annexes to this report were drawn up by the Walloon Region (Direction Générale des Ressources Naturelles et de l”Environnement), on the basis of data provided for by the Parties. Their commercial use is prohibited. This report is available in French, Dutch, and German. English not being one of the IMC’s official languages, the English version of this report is not an official translation and is only provided to make the report more widely available. International Meuse Commission (Commission internationale de la Meuse) Esplanade de l”Europe 2 B-4020 Liège Tel: +32 4 340 11 40 Fax +32 4 349 00 83 [email protected] www.meuse-maas.be . Rapport final MEUSE_angl_def - 2 - 02-08-2005 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1 International Coordination within the International River Basin District Meuse.....................
    [Show full text]
  • 2Eme RIC Bataille De Rossignol
    ème Le 2 Régiment d’ IIInfanterie Coloniale Le 2 ème RIC est mobilisé à Brest, avec un effectif de 3326 hommes (pour la plupart Bretons d’origine) et 69 officiers. Il dépend de la 1 ere Brigade Coloniale ; 3 e Division Coloniale Voyage jusqu’en Belgique. Le 8 août 1914, il quitte Brest se rend en chemin de fer aux environs de Bar le Duc , où il arrive le 10 août. Le régiment arrivera le 17 août à Chauvency-le Château , par étapes, après avoir marché et cantonné à Nubécourt , Dombasle-en-Argonne et à Liny-devant-Dun . Le 18 août, à Thonne-les Prés , le régiment prend les avants-postes. Ordre de bataille du 2ème RIC (Brest) Le régiment se compose de 3 ou 4 bataillons (1), d'un état-major, d'un petit état-major, d'une section hors rang, de deux sections de mitrailleuses et de12 éclaireurs montés. (1) 9 des 173 régiments d'infanterie sont à quatre bataillons, les autres à 3. Chef de corps : Colonel GALLOIS Commandant en second : Lt-colonel GADOFFRE Porte-drapeau : lieutenant RODIERE Le bataillon est commandé par un chef de bataillon assisté par un adjudant-major et un médecin. Le bataillon est divisé en quatre compagnies 1er bataillon : commandant RICHARD - 1ère compagnie : Cne DE CHAUVENET - 2ème compagnie: capitaine FROECHEN - 3ème compagnie: capitaine ANTOINE, lieutenant VIOLET - 4ème compagnie: capitaine COULON - 1ère section de mitrailleuses: lieutenant LAURENT 2ème bataillon : commandant WEHRLE - 5ème compagnie : capitaine ANTONI ? - 6ème compagnie : capitaine SAINT-GES ? - 7ème compagnie : capitaine JOUANNETAUD ? - 8ème compagnie : ? - 2ème section de mitrailleuses : ? 3ème bataillon : commandant REY - 9ème compagnie : capitaine KERHUEL + Ltn HELGOËT + Ltn DICT - 10 ème compagnie : capitaine DEHAYE + lieutenant JOSSE + adjudant PAILLARES - 11 ème compagnie : capitaine PARIS DE BOLLARDIERE + lieutenant BENOIT D'AURIAC - 12 ème compagnie : capitaine DARDENNE s-lieutenant FONFERRIER - 3ème section de mitrailleuses : ? La compagnie est commandée par un capitaine, elle est divisée en 4 sections.
    [Show full text]
  • Revue Géographique De L'est, Vol. 40 / 1-2 | 2000 Genèse Et Propagation De La Crue De Janvier 1995 Dans Le Bassin De La Meuse F
    Revue Géographique de l'Est vol. 40 / 1-2 | 2000 Précipitations et écoulements Genèse et propagation de la crue de janvier 1995 dans le bassin de la Meuse française Genesis and propagation of the January 1995 flood in the basin of the French Meuse Ursprung und Ausbreitung des Hochwassers im Januar 1995 im Becken der französischen Maas Cyrille Tailliez, Jean Abele et Emmanuel Gille Édition électronique URL : http://journals.openedition.org/rge/4185 DOI : 10.4000/rge.4185 ISSN : 2108-6478 Éditeur Association des géographes de l’Est Édition imprimée Date de publication : 1 janvier 2000 ISSN : 0035-3213 Référence électronique Cyrille Tailliez, Jean Abele et Emmanuel Gille, « Genèse et propagation de la crue de janvier 1995 dans le bassin de la Meuse française », Revue Géographique de l'Est [En ligne], vol. 40 / 1-2 | 2000, mis en ligne le 06 août 2013, consulté le 08 septembre 2020. URL : http://journals.openedition.org/rge/4185 ; DOI : https://doi.org/10.4000/rge.4185 Ce document a été généré automatiquement le 8 septembre 2020. Tous droits réservés Genèse et propagation de la crue de janvier 1995 dans le bassin de la Meuse f... 1 Genèse et propagation de la crue de janvier 1995 dans le bassin de la Meuse française Genesis and propagation of the January 1995 flood in the basin of the French Meuse Ursprung und Ausbreitung des Hochwassers im Januar 1995 im Becken der französischen Maas Cyrille Tailliez, Jean Abele et Emmanuel Gille Introduction 1 En janvier 1995, les crues ont affecté, en France, 31 départements, causant plus de 8 milliards de francs de dégâts.
    [Show full text]