Census Bureau Demographic Programs

Demographic Program Comparison Quick Reference Guide Rev. 10-03-12 Comparison: Census Bureau Demographic Programs

Decennial Census Population Estimates Program American Community Survey Apportionment of seats in Congress Survey controls Provide timely detailed demographic, social, Redistricting Allocate Federal funding intercensal yrs economic, and housing data about the Purpose / Uses Allocation of Federal funding Denominators for statistical rates country’s communities every year. Planning at state and local levels Planning at state and local levels Temporal frame Point‐in‐time Point‐in‐time Period estimate April 1 July 1 None. Estimates describe entire period, Reference date Year ending in zero Intercensal years which may be: 1‐year (areas with 65,000 population plus) 3‐year (areas with 20,000 population plus) 5‐year period (all areas including ZCTAS, down to block group ) Ongoing survey Periodicity Every 10 years (“snapshot”) Annual Data collection every month (“video”) Burden on respondent Mandatory None Mandatory Article I, Section 2 Constitution Title 13, Section 181 U.S. Code Title 13, Sections 141 and 193 Authority U.S. Code Title 13, Sections 141 and 193 100% enumeration Vital records (from states) Random sample from Master Address File: Methodology Every resident, every housing unit, and plus formulas for calculation of 3.54 million HUs/year (295,000/month) every group quarters net migration Increase from 2.9 million‐‐June 2011 mailout Modes of Mail or drop off questionnaire; personal No contact with residents. Census Mail Personal contact visit follow‐up to non‐responding Bureau headquarters works with Telephone addresses individual states Personal visit Management hub(s) Temporary Regional Census Centers Census Headquarters Census Regional Offices (6) Data Output Counts Counts Characteristics Age U.S., state, county totals: See Quick Reference Guide : Sex Age, sex race, ethnicity, housing Topics Race and ethnicity, “American Community Survey Data Release Household relationships Incorporated place totals: Timetable, Topics Covered by the ACS” Tenure (own or rent home) Population only Lowest level of release Block Incorporated place Block group

Census Geography Hierarchy (with 2010 Statistical Area Criteria) Revised 10-31-12

Central axis describes a nesting relationship

ACS lowest release -- on FTP only • Cities and towns -- incorporated • 600 to 3,000 population • Census Designated Places (CDPs): • 240 to 1,200 housing units - - Unincorporated; no size threshold - - Separate and distinct from city/town - - Redefined each census • Blocks not defined by population • Lowest geographic level for data • 1,200 to 8,000 population (optimum 4,000) • 480 to 3,200 housing units Block level data only for Decennial Census Quick Reference Guide Rev. 10-03-12 U.S. Census Bureau: Demographic Program Tips

(1) 2010 Decennial Census (100% count of population & housing)

Data: Released down to the block level (richest geographic detail) every 10 years Topics covered: 1. Age 4. Hispanic origin 2. Sex 5. Relationship of each individual in household to first person listed on form 3. Race 6. Tenure (home ownership with /without mortgage, rented, or occupied without rent)

(2) Population Estimates Program (PEP) (Derived from administrative records and net migration formulas in the intercensal years)

Data released annually on the following topics and geographic levels: • U.S., states, counties: Housing and population totals, characteristics (age, sex, race, ethnicity) • Incorporated places: Population totals only

(3) American Community Survey (ACS) (Survey covering ~ 3.54 million housing units/year nationwide)

The ACS is designed to measure the characteristics of the population, not counts of the population. The official estimates of the population still come from the previous census and from the Census Bureau’s Population Estimates Program (or PEP).

The ACS estimates describe characteristics of a population over a period, while the Decennial Census and the Population Estimates Program are point‐in‐time (April 1 and July 1, respectively) estimates.

The ACS generally does a better job estimating percents, rates, means, and medians than it does totals.

ACS data products released every year. Population thresholds (all surveyed addresses are unique within any 5‐year period) • 1‐year estimates: 65,000 or more • 3‐year estimates: 20,000 or more • 5‐year estimates: All geographic areas below 20,000, including all census tracts and all block groups. ZCTAS will first be released in 2012, with the 5‐year ACS 2007‐2011 estimates.

Population controls are from the Population Estimates Program • One‐year ACS estimates are controlled to the PEP estimates as of July 1 of the tabulated year • Multiyear ACS population and housing estimates are controlled to the average of the individual year’s population and housing estimates (from the PEP)

Constructing ACS estimates • Data are pooled across 12 months, 36 months, or 60 months (1‐year, 3‐year, 5‐year) • Appropriate weights are assigned for housing and population estimates (from the PEP) Quick Reference Guide Rev. 10-03-12 Comparing ACS estimates with Census data • Comparisons can be made for most population and housing subjects • Global differences (residence rules, universes, and reference periods) exist between the ACS and the decennial census, and some items cannot be compared at all • For more information, see http://www.census.gov/acs/www/guidance_for_data_users/comparing_data/

Comparing two or more ACS estimates across different geographic areas • Use the same length time period (1‐year ACS estimate to other 1‐year ACS estimate, and so on) • Use the same time period when making comparisons (2008‐2010 to 2008‐2010, for instance)

Comparing two or more ACS estimates for one geographic area across time • Use the same length time period • Try to compare non‐overlapping periods; statistical testing is more straightforward (See Compass Guide) • Use caution if geographic boundaries have changed over time

Dollar‐valued (or dollar‐denominated) estimates in multiyear estimates • Income • Rent • Home values • Energy costs Estimates are adjusted for inflation to the most recent year, using inflation factors based on the Consumer Price Index (or CPI). A similar adjustment is also done for individual months within a one‐year estimate. Inflation adjustment is designed to put the collected data into dollars of equal value.

Geographic boundaries in multiyear estimates • Based on geographic boundaries as of January 1 of the last year in the multi‐year period. • Census Bureau’s annual Boundary Annexation Survey (or BAS) collects information about the following legally defined geographic areas: o Counties or county‐equivalents o Incorporated places o Federally‐recognized American Indian areas • Boundaries of other statistical areas (such as census tracts, block groups, urbanized areas, PUMAs) are updated every decade in conjunction with the decennial census

ACS 5‐year estimates • Released every year, dropping the oldest year and adding the most recent • For most areas, no population thresholds; there are some disclosure‐related release restrictions, most of which apply only to block groups • Data user must look at the margins of error (MOEs)! • Are not filtered based on the reliability of the estimates; many published estimates are unreliable ‐ ‐ decision to release these data driven by the need to provide building blocks for users to aggregate and to be certain even the smallest areas receive data (see OK Dept of Commerce ACS calculator) • Excluded data products: Comparison Profiles and Ranking Tables • First releases: (using 2006‐2010 estimates) 5‐year Selected Population Tables and 5‐year AIAN Tables (similar to 2000 Summary File 4) and (using 2007‐2011 estimates ‐ ‐ Dec 2012) Zip Code Tabulation Areas • Census block group estimates: o Not displayed as tables in American FactFinder (AFF) for the casual data user o Released only in summary file format, accessible from the FTP site (AFF Main tab)

DP02 SELECTED SOCIAL CHARACTERISTICS IN THE UNITED STATES

2012 American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates

Supporting documentation on code lists, subject definitions, data accuracy, and statistical testing can be found on the American Community Survey website in the Data and Documentation section.

Sample size and data quality measures (including coverage rates, allocation rates, and response rates) can be found on the American Community Survey website in the Methodology section.

Although the American Community Survey (ACS) produces population, demographic and housing unit estimates, it is the Census Bureau's Population Estimates Program that produces and disseminates the official estimates of the population for the nation, states, counties, cities and towns and estimates of housing units for states and counties.

Subject San Diego County, California Estimate Margin of Error Percent Percent Margin of Error HOUSEHOLDS BY TYPE Total households 1,079,653 +/-5,725 1,079,653 (X) Family households (families) 715,981 +/-9,138 66.3% +/-0.8 With own children under 18 years 329,104 +/-7,008 30.5% +/-0.6 Married-couple family 527,784 +/-8,814 48.9% +/-0.7 With own children under 18 years 233,849 +/-6,641 21.7% +/-0.6 Male householder, no wife present, family 55,808 +/-4,251 5.2% +/-0.4 With own children under 18 years 25,385 +/-3,198 2.4% +/-0.3 Female householder, no husband present, family 132,389 +/-4,785 12.3% +/-0.4 With own children under 18 years 69,870 +/-3,373 6.5% +/-0.3 Nonfamily households 363,672 +/-8,241 33.7% +/-0.8 Householder living alone 267,714 +/-8,189 24.8% +/-0.8 65 years and over 92,437 +/-3,984 8.6% +/-0.4

Households with one or more people under 18 years 363,743 +/-7,107 33.7% +/-0.6

Households with one or more people 65 years and over 263,278 +/-2,973 24.4% +/-0.3

Average household size 2.86 +/-0.01 (X) (X) Average family size 3.47 +/-0.03 (X) (X)

RELATIONSHIP Population in households 3,087,151 +/-3,857 3,087,151 (X) Householder 1,079,653 +/-5,725 35.0% +/-0.2 Spouse 526,848 +/-8,840 17.1% +/-0.3 Child 969,986 +/-9,407 31.4% +/-0.3 Other relatives 272,800 +/-11,537 8.8% +/-0.4 Nonrelatives 237,864 +/-11,637 7.7% +/-0.4 Unmarried partner 68,678 +/-4,124 2.2% +/-0.1

MARITAL STATUS Males 15 years and over 1,288,315 +/-354 1,288,315 (X) Never married 520,452 +/-8,401 40.4% +/-0.7 Now married, except separated 610,262 +/-9,952 47.4% +/-0.8 Separated 19,068 +/-2,041 1.5% +/-0.2 Widowed 27,014 +/-2,390 2.1% +/-0.2

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Subject San Diego County, California Estimate Margin of Error Percent Percent Margin of Error Divorced 111,519 +/-5,749 8.7% +/-0.4

Females 15 years and over 1,286,242 +/-353 1,286,242 (X) Never married 409,306 +/-7,105 31.8% +/-0.6 Now married, except separated 590,021 +/-9,961 45.9% +/-0.8 Separated 29,548 +/-2,521 2.3% +/-0.2 Widowed 103,246 +/-4,338 8.0% +/-0.3 Divorced 154,121 +/-5,991 12.0% +/-0.5

FERTILITY Number of women 15 to 50 years old who had a birth 41,104 +/-3,250 41,104 (X) in the past 12 months Unmarried women (widowed, divorced, and never 8,943 +/-1,644 21.8% +/-3.7 married) Per 1,000 unmarried women 20 +/-4 (X) (X) Per 1,000 women 15 to 50 years old 51 +/-4 (X) (X) Per 1,000 women 15 to 19 years old 14 +/-7 (X) (X) Per 1,000 women 20 to 34 years old 82 +/-8 (X) (X) Per 1,000 women 35 to 50 years old 29 +/-4 (X) (X)

GRANDPARENTS Number of grandparents living with own grandchildren 80,149 +/-5,498 80,149 (X) under 18 years Responsible for grandchildren 19,356 +/-2,254 24.2% +/-2.7 Years responsible for grandchildren Less than 1 year 3,813 +/-1,090 4.8% +/-1.3 1 or 2 years 4,641 +/-1,186 5.8% +/-1.4 3 or 4 years 2,957 +/-1,078 3.7% +/-1.3 5 or more years 7,945 +/-1,485 9.9% +/-1.9

Number of grandparents responsible for own 19,356 +/-2,254 19,356 (X) grandchildren under 18 years Who are female 12,148 +/-1,521 62.8% +/-3.4 Who are married 14,492 +/-2,139 74.9% +/-4.5

SCHOOL ENROLLMENT Population 3 years and over enrolled in school 869,641 +/-9,033 869,641 (X) Nursery school, preschool 50,235 +/-3,752 5.8% +/-0.4 Kindergarten 38,303 +/-3,066 4.4% +/-0.4 Elementary school (grades 1-8) 314,146 +/-4,128 36.1% +/-0.6 High school (grades 9-12) 170,289 +/-4,286 19.6% +/-0.5 College or graduate school 296,668 +/-8,999 34.1% +/-0.8

EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT Population 25 years and over 2,079,795 ***** 2,079,795 (X) Less than 9th grade 152,824 +/-7,302 7.3% +/-0.4 9th to 12th grade, no diploma 137,086 +/-6,470 6.6% +/-0.3 High school graduate (includes equivalency) 398,016 +/-9,858 19.1% +/-0.5 Some college, no degree 457,624 +/-10,517 22.0% +/-0.5 Associate's degree 211,426 +/-7,999 10.2% +/-0.4 Bachelor's degree 446,573 +/-9,382 21.5% +/-0.5 Graduate or professional degree 276,246 +/-9,122 13.3% +/-0.4

Percent high school graduate or higher (X) (X) 86.1% +/-0.4 Percent bachelor's degree or higher (X) (X) 34.8% +/-0.5

VETERAN STATUS Civilian population 18 years and over 2,371,700 +/-4,146 2,371,700 (X) Civilian veterans 233,892 +/-6,624 9.9% +/-0.3

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Subject San Diego County, California Estimate Margin of Error Percent Percent Margin of Error DISABILITY STATUS OF THE CIVILIAN NONINSTITUTIONALIZED POPULATION Total Civilian Noninstitutionalized Population 3,073,012 +/-4,620 3,073,012 (X) With a disability 293,826 +/-8,599 9.6% +/-0.3

Under 18 years 724,211 +/-717 724,211 (X) With a disability 18,507 +/-2,312 2.6% +/-0.3

18 to 64 years 1,977,089 +/-4,406 1,977,089 (X) With a disability 138,660 +/-6,912 7.0% +/-0.3

65 years and over 371,712 +/-1,204 371,712 (X) With a disability 136,659 +/-4,420 36.8% +/-1.2

RESIDENCE 1 YEAR AGO Population 1 year and over 3,138,139 +/-3,174 3,138,139 (X) Same house 2,644,405 +/-20,456 84.3% +/-0.7 Different house in the U.S. 464,091 +/-19,497 14.8% +/-0.6 Same county 336,887 +/-16,746 10.7% +/-0.5 Different county 127,204 +/-10,012 4.1% +/-0.3 Same state 57,881 +/-6,988 1.8% +/-0.2 Different state 69,323 +/-6,896 2.2% +/-0.2 Abroad 29,643 +/-5,202 0.9% +/-0.2

PLACE OF BIRTH Total population 3,177,063 ***** 3,177,063 (X) Native 2,439,492 +/-14,605 76.8% +/-0.5 Born in United States 2,384,352 +/-13,879 75.0% +/-0.4 State of residence 1,550,084 +/-18,593 48.8% +/-0.6 Different state 834,268 +/-15,892 26.3% +/-0.5 Born in Puerto Rico, U.S. Island areas, or born abroad 55,140 +/-5,235 1.7% +/-0.2 to American parent(s) Foreign born 737,571 +/-14,605 23.2% +/-0.5

U.S. CITIZENSHIP STATUS Foreign-born population 737,571 +/-14,605 737,571 (X) Naturalized U.S. citizen 357,206 +/-9,282 48.4% +/-1.1 Not a U.S. citizen 380,365 +/-12,574 51.6% +/-1.1

YEAR OF ENTRY Population born outside the United States 792,711 +/-13,879 792,711 (X)

Native 55,140 +/-5,235 55,140 (X) Entered 2010 or later 4,096 +/-1,284 7.4% +/-2.1 Entered before 2010 51,044 +/-4,738 92.6% +/-2.1

Foreign born 737,571 +/-14,605 737,571 (X) Entered 2010 or later 45,140 +/-4,980 6.1% +/-0.6 Entered before 2010 692,431 +/-13,591 93.9% +/-0.6

WORLD REGION OF BIRTH OF FOREIGN BORN Foreign-born population, excluding population born at 737,571 +/-14,605 737,571 (X) sea Europe 63,052 +/-5,281 8.5% +/-0.7 Asia 273,920 +/-6,955 37.1% +/-0.8 Africa 16,244 +/-3,244 2.2% +/-0.4 Oceania 4,876 +/-1,384 0.7% +/-0.2 Latin America 365,819 +/-10,165 49.6% +/-0.9 Northern America 13,660 +/-2,300 1.9% +/-0.3

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Subject San Diego County, California Estimate Margin of Error Percent Percent Margin of Error LANGUAGE SPOKEN AT HOME Population 5 years and over 2,968,342 ***** 2,968,342 (X) English only 1,847,404 +/-17,079 62.2% +/-0.6 Language other than English 1,120,938 +/-17,079 37.8% +/-0.6 Speak English less than "very well" 462,735 +/-13,861 15.6% +/-0.5 Spanish 740,502 +/-13,255 24.9% +/-0.4 Speak English less than "very well" 307,785 +/-11,673 10.4% +/-0.4 Other Indo-European languages 96,373 +/-8,346 3.2% +/-0.3 Speak English less than "very well" 27,215 +/-3,486 0.9% +/-0.1 Asian and Pacific Islander languages 241,292 +/-7,434 8.1% +/-0.3 Speak English less than "very well" 106,935 +/-5,515 3.6% +/-0.2 Other languages 42,771 +/-5,557 1.4% +/-0.2 Speak English less than "very well" 20,800 +/-4,076 0.7% +/-0.1

ANCESTRY Total population 3,177,063 ***** 3,177,063 (X) American 110,249 +/-7,798 3.5% +/-0.2 Arab 35,060 +/-6,118 1.1% +/-0.2 Czech 10,479 +/-1,958 0.3% +/-0.1 Danish 14,452 +/-2,918 0.5% +/-0.1 Dutch 29,235 +/-3,650 0.9% +/-0.1 English 258,722 +/-11,087 8.1% +/-0.3 French (except Basque) 71,122 +/-6,319 2.2% +/-0.2 French Canadian 9,729 +/-1,597 0.3% +/-0.1 German 334,841 +/-10,728 10.5% +/-0.3 Greek 8,717 +/-1,910 0.3% +/-0.1 Hungarian 12,767 +/-2,748 0.4% +/-0.1 Irish 263,391 +/-10,157 8.3% +/-0.3 Italian 139,227 +/-8,808 4.4% +/-0.3 Lithuanian 4,005 +/-1,058 0.1% +/-0.1 Norwegian 37,309 +/-3,858 1.2% +/-0.1 Polish 57,266 +/-5,007 1.8% +/-0.2 Portuguese 17,613 +/-2,889 0.6% +/-0.1 Russian 30,979 +/-4,150 1.0% +/-0.1 Scotch-Irish 21,484 +/-2,522 0.7% +/-0.1 Scottish 44,673 +/-4,582 1.4% +/-0.1 Slovak 3,236 +/-1,001 0.1% +/-0.1 Subsaharan African 18,605 +/-4,144 0.6% +/-0.1 Swedish 43,111 +/-4,508 1.4% +/-0.1 Swiss 8,043 +/-1,911 0.3% +/-0.1 Ukrainian 7,362 +/-1,584 0.2% +/-0.1 Welsh 18,252 +/-3,715 0.6% +/-0.1 West Indian (excluding Hispanic origin groups) 7,006 +/-1,838 0.2% +/-0.1

Data are based on a sample and are subject to sampling variability. The degree of uncertainty for an estimate arising from sampling variability is represented through the use of a margin of error. The value shown here is the 90 percent margin of error. The margin of error can be interpreted roughly as providing a 90 percent probability that the interval defined by the estimate minus the margin of error and the estimate plus the margin of error (the lower and upper confidence bounds) contains the true value. In addition to sampling variability, the ACS estimates are subject to nonsampling error (for a discussion of nonsampling variability, see Accuracy of the Data). The effect of nonsampling error is not represented in these tables.

Ancestry listed in this table refers to the total number of people who responded with a particular ancestry; for example, the estimate given for Russian represents the number of people who listed Russian as either their first or second ancestry. This table lists only the largest ancestry groups; see the Detailed Tables for more categories. Race and Hispanic origin groups are not included in this table because official data for those groups come from the Race and Hispanic origin questions rather than the ancestry question (see Demographic Table).

Data for year of entry of the native population reflect the year of entry into the U.S. by people who were born in Puerto Rico, U.S. Island Areas or born outside the U.S. to a U.S. citizen parent and who subsequently moved to the U.S.

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Fertility data are not available for certain geographic areas due to problems with data collection. See Errata Note #92 for details.

The Census Bureau introduced a new set of disability questions in the 2008 ACS questionnaire. Accordingly, comparisons of disability data from 2008 or later with data from prior years are not recommended. For more information on these questions and their evaluation in the 2006 ACS Content Test, see the Evaluation Report Covering Disability.

While the 2012 American Community Survey (ACS) data generally reflect the December 2009 Office of Management and Budget (OMB) definitions of metropolitan and micropolitan statistical areas; in certain instances the names, codes, and boundaries of the principal cities shown in ACS tables may differ from the OMB definitions due to differences in the effective dates of the geographic entities.

Estimates of urban and rural population, housing units, and characteristics reflect boundaries of urban areas defined based on Census 2000 data. Boundaries for urban areas have not been updated since Census 2000. As a result, data for urban and rural areas from the ACS do not necessarily reflect the results of ongoing urbanization.

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2012 American Community Survey

Explanation of Symbols:

1. An '**' entry in the margin of error column indicates that either no sample observations or too few sample observations were available to compute a standard error and thus the margin of error. A statistical test is not appropriate. 2. An '-' entry in the estimate column indicates that either no sample observations or too few sample observations were available to compute an estimate, or a ratio of medians cannot be calculated because one or both of the median estimates falls in the lowest interval or upper interval of an open-ended distribution. 3. An '-' following a median estimate means the median falls in the lowest interval of an open-ended distribution. 4. An '+' following a median estimate means the median falls in the upper interval of an open-ended distribution. 5. An '***' entry in the margin of error column indicates that the median falls in the lowest interval or upper interval of an open-ended distribution. A statistical test is not appropriate. 6. An '*****' entry in the margin of error column indicates that the estimate is controlled. A statistical test for sampling variability is not appropriate. 7. An 'N' entry in the estimate and margin of error columns indicates that data for this geographic area cannot be displayed because the number of sample cases is too small. 8. An '(X)' means that the estimate is not applicable or not available.

DP03 SELECTED ECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS

2012 American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates

Supporting documentation on code lists, subject definitions, data accuracy, and statistical testing can be found on the American Community Survey website in the Data and Documentation section.

Sample size and data quality measures (including coverage rates, allocation rates, and response rates) can be found on the American Community Survey website in the Methodology section.

Subject San Diego County, California Estimate Margin of Error Percent Percent Margin of Error EMPLOYMENT STATUS Population 16 years and over 2,536,682 +/-2,419 2,536,682 (X) In labor force 1,642,502 +/-13,054 64.8% +/-0.5 Civilian labor force 1,563,286 +/-13,508 61.6% +/-0.5 Employed 1,412,983 +/-13,046 55.7% +/-0.5 Unemployed 150,303 +/-6,398 5.9% +/-0.3 Armed Forces 79,216 +/-4,114 3.1% +/-0.2 Not in labor force 894,180 +/-13,272 35.2% +/-0.5

Civilian labor force 1,563,286 +/-13,508 1,563,286 (X) Percent Unemployed (X) (X) 9.6% +/-0.4

Females 16 years and over 1,267,281 +/-1,815 1,267,281 (X) In labor force 733,772 +/-8,755 57.9% +/-0.7 Civilian labor force 726,183 +/-8,949 57.3% +/-0.7 Employed 660,654 +/-8,562 52.1% +/-0.7

Own children under 6 years 243,797 +/-3,749 243,797 (X) All parents in family in labor force 142,950 +/-5,540 58.6% +/-2.0

Own children 6 to 17 years 452,472 +/-5,302 452,472 (X) All parents in family in labor force 298,181 +/-8,077 65.9% +/-1.5

COMMUTING TO WORK Workers 16 years and over 1,457,139 +/-13,277 1,457,139 (X) Car, truck, or van -- drove alone 1,109,948 +/-12,201 76.2% +/-0.6 Car, truck, or van -- carpooled 143,979 +/-7,722 9.9% +/-0.5 Public transportation (excluding taxicab) 40,621 +/-3,518 2.8% +/-0.2 Walked 38,766 +/-3,855 2.7% +/-0.3 Other means 27,846 +/-3,004 1.9% +/-0.2 Worked at home 95,979 +/-5,413 6.6% +/-0.4

Mean travel time to work (minutes) 24.6 +/-0.3 (X) (X)

OCCUPATION Civilian employed population 16 years and over 1,412,983 +/-13,046 1,412,983 (X)

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Subject San Diego County, California Estimate Margin of Error Percent Percent Margin of Error Management, business, science, and arts occupations 566,857 +/-10,661 40.1% +/-0.7

Service occupations 281,528 +/-10,196 19.9% +/-0.7 Sales and office occupations 335,464 +/-11,026 23.7% +/-0.7 Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 111,977 +/-5,961 7.9% +/-0.4 occupations Production, transportation, and material moving 117,157 +/-5,773 8.3% +/-0.4 occupations

INDUSTRY Civilian employed population 16 years and over 1,412,983 +/-13,046 1,412,983 (X) Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting, and mining 13,688 +/-3,010 1.0% +/-0.2

Construction 79,899 +/-5,110 5.7% +/-0.4 Manufacturing 134,382 +/-6,441 9.5% +/-0.4 Wholesale trade 30,368 +/-3,158 2.1% +/-0.2 Retail trade 158,234 +/-6,149 11.2% +/-0.4 Transportation and warehousing, and utilities 54,032 +/-4,341 3.8% +/-0.3 Information 33,832 +/-3,444 2.4% +/-0.2 Finance and insurance, and real estate and rental and 92,003 +/-6,027 6.5% +/-0.4 leasing Professional, scientific, and management, and 204,296 +/-7,294 14.5% +/-0.5 administrative and waste management services Educational services, and health care and social 301,559 +/-8,049 21.3% +/-0.5 assistance Arts, entertainment, and recreation, and 158,008 +/-7,212 11.2% +/-0.5 accommodation and food services Other services, except public administration 77,018 +/-5,073 5.5% +/-0.4 Public administration 75,664 +/-4,484 5.4% +/-0.3

CLASS OF WORKER Civilian employed population 16 years and over 1,412,983 +/-13,046 1,412,983 (X) Private wage and salary workers 1,096,196 +/-13,794 77.6% +/-0.6 Government workers 207,193 +/-6,752 14.7% +/-0.5 Self-employed in own not incorporated business 107,880 +/-5,729 7.6% +/-0.4 workers Unpaid family workers 1,714 +/-735 0.1% +/-0.1

INCOME AND BENEFITS (IN 2012 INFLATION- ADJUSTED DOLLARS) Total households 1,079,653 +/-5,725 1,079,653 (X) Less than $10,000 72,365 +/-4,425 6.7% +/-0.4 $10,000 to $14,999 48,361 +/-3,372 4.5% +/-0.3 $15,000 to $24,999 99,476 +/-5,057 9.2% +/-0.5 $25,000 to $34,999 100,677 +/-4,391 9.3% +/-0.4 $35,000 to $49,999 134,299 +/-4,639 12.4% +/-0.4 $50,000 to $74,999 186,366 +/-6,566 17.3% +/-0.6 $75,000 to $99,999 137,522 +/-4,948 12.7% +/-0.5 $100,000 to $149,999 158,802 +/-5,226 14.7% +/-0.5 $150,000 to $199,999 75,477 +/-4,498 7.0% +/-0.4 $200,000 or more 66,308 +/-3,985 6.1% +/-0.4 Median household income (dollars) 60,330 +/-911 (X) (X) Mean household income (dollars) 81,326 +/-1,171 (X) (X)

With earnings 859,223 +/-7,854 79.6% +/-0.6 Mean earnings (dollars) 81,812 +/-1,305 (X) (X) With Social Security 264,018 +/-4,525 24.5% +/-0.4 Mean Social Security income (dollars) 16,550 +/-287 (X) (X) With retirement income 187,158 +/-5,562 17.3% +/-0.5 Mean retirement income (dollars) 28,193 +/-971 (X) (X)

With Supplemental Security Income 50,339 +/-3,685 4.7% +/-0.3 Mean Supplemental Security Income (dollars) 9,598 +/-348 (X) (X) With cash public assistance income 34,184 +/-2,945 3.2% +/-0.3

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Subject San Diego County, California Estimate Margin of Error Percent Percent Margin of Error Mean cash public assistance income (dollars) 5,069 +/-339 (X) (X) With Food Stamp/SNAP benefits in the past 12 months 69,420 +/-3,508 6.4% +/-0.3

Families 715,981 +/-9,138 715,981 (X) Less than $10,000 38,028 +/-3,241 5.3% +/-0.4 $10,000 to $14,999 19,517 +/-1,943 2.7% +/-0.3 $15,000 to $24,999 55,365 +/-3,653 7.7% +/-0.5 $25,000 to $34,999 58,389 +/-3,312 8.2% +/-0.5 $35,000 to $49,999 88,899 +/-4,337 12.4% +/-0.6 $50,000 to $74,999 123,725 +/-5,848 17.3% +/-0.8 $75,000 to $99,999 96,072 +/-4,193 13.4% +/-0.6 $100,000 to $149,999 123,282 +/-5,140 17.2% +/-0.7 $150,000 to $199,999 57,708 +/-3,678 8.1% +/-0.5 $200,000 or more 54,996 +/-3,514 7.7% +/-0.5 Median family income (dollars) 69,364 +/-1,639 (X) (X) Mean family income (dollars) 91,024 +/-1,563 (X) (X)

Per capita income (dollars) 29,281 +/-381 (X) (X)

Nonfamily households 363,672 +/-8,241 363,672 (X) Median nonfamily income (dollars) 41,534 +/-1,293 (X) (X) Mean nonfamily income (dollars) 58,140 +/-1,680 (X) (X)

Median earnings for workers (dollars) 31,055 +/-346 (X) (X) Median earnings for male full-time, year-round workers 50,249 +/-616 (X) (X) (dollars) Median earnings for female full-time, year-round 41,164 +/-627 (X) (X) workers (dollars)

HEALTH INSURANCE COVERAGE Civilian noninstitutionalized population 3,073,012 +/-4,620 3,073,012 (X) With health insurance coverage 2,551,626 +/-19,130 83.0% +/-0.6 With private health insurance 2,000,796 +/-21,181 65.1% +/-0.7 With public coverage 823,733 +/-16,613 26.8% +/-0.5 No health insurance coverage 521,386 +/-19,309 17.0% +/-0.6

Civilian noninstitutionalized population under 18 years 724,211 +/-717 724,211 (X)

No health insurance coverage 65,103 +/-6,536 9.0% +/-0.9

Civilian noninstitutionalized population 18 to 64 years 1,977,089 +/-4,406 1,977,089 (X)

In labor force: 1,489,032 +/-11,771 1,489,032 (X) Employed: 1,347,462 +/-11,544 1,347,462 (X) With health insurance coverage 1,077,997 +/-14,425 80.0% +/-0.8 With private health insurance 1,026,725 +/-14,071 76.2% +/-0.8 With public coverage 82,164 +/-5,420 6.1% +/-0.4 No health insurance coverage 269,465 +/-11,548 20.0% +/-0.8 Unemployed: 141,570 +/-6,313 141,570 (X) With health insurance coverage 76,359 +/-4,216 53.9% +/-2.6 With private health insurance 54,406 +/-3,814 38.4% +/-2.4 With public coverage 25,821 +/-2,213 18.2% +/-1.6 No health insurance coverage 65,211 +/-5,251 46.1% +/-2.6 Not in labor force: 488,057 +/-11,701 488,057 (X) With health insurance coverage 372,363 +/-11,978 76.3% +/-1.3 With private health insurance 273,539 +/-10,262 56.0% +/-1.4 With public coverage 122,393 +/-5,794 25.1% +/-1.1 No health insurance coverage 115,694 +/-6,061 23.7% +/-1.3

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Subject San Diego County, California Estimate Margin of Error Percent Percent Margin of Error PERCENTAGE OF FAMILIES AND PEOPLE WHOSE INCOME IN THE PAST 12 MONTHS IS BELOW THE POVERTY LEVEL All families (X) (X) 11.5% +/-0.6 With related children under 18 years (X) (X) 16.7% +/-1.0 With related children under 5 years only (X) (X) 12.6% +/-2.2 Married couple families (X) (X) 7.7% +/-0.6 With related children under 18 years (X) (X) 10.4% +/-1.1 With related children under 5 years only (X) (X) 5.4% +/-1.5 Families with female householder, no husband present (X) (X) 25.0% +/-1.8

With related children under 18 years (X) (X) 34.2% +/-2.5 With related children under 5 years only (X) (X) 34.2% +/-7.5

All people (X) (X) 15.0% +/-0.7 Under 18 years (X) (X) 19.8% +/-1.3 Related children under 18 years (X) (X) 19.5% +/-1.3 Related children under 5 years (X) (X) 18.8% +/-2.2 Related children 5 to 17 years (X) (X) 19.8% +/-1.5 18 years and over (X) (X) 13.6% +/-0.6 18 to 64 years (X) (X) 14.3% +/-0.6 65 years and over (X) (X) 9.5% +/-0.9 People in families (X) (X) 12.6% +/-0.7 Unrelated individuals 15 years and over (X) (X) 24.7% +/-1.2

Employment and unemployment estimates may vary from the official labor force data released by the Bureau of Labor Statistics because of differences in survey design and data collection. For guidance on differences in employment and unemployment estimates from different sources go to Labor Force Guidance.

The Census Bureau introduced an improved sequence of labor force questions in the 2008 ACS questionnaire. Accordingly, we recommend using caution when making labor force data comparisons from 2008 or later with data from prior years. For more information on these questions and their evaluation in the 2006 ACS Content Test, see the "Evaluation Report Covering Employment Status" at http://www.census.gov/acs/www/Downloads/methodology/content_test/P6a_Employment_Status.pdf, and the "Evaluation Report Covering Weeks Worked" at http://www.census.gov/acs/www/Downloads/methodology/content_test/P6b_Weeks_Worked_Final_Report.pdf. Additional information can also be found at http://www.census.gov/people/laborforce/.

Workers include members of the Armed Forces and civilians who were at work last week.

Industry codes are 4-digit codes and are based on the North American Industry Classification System 2007. The Industry categories adhere to the guidelines issued in Clarification Memorandum No. 2, "NAICS Alternate Aggregation Structure for Use By U.S. Statistical Agencies," issued by the Office of Management and Budget.

Occupation codes are 4-digit codes and are based on Standard Occupational Classification 2010.

The health insurance coverage category names were modified in 2010. See ACS Health Insurance Definitions for a list of the insurance type definitions.

4 of 5 02/18/2014

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2012 American Community Survey

Explanation of Symbols:

DP04 SELECTED HOUSING CHARACTERISTICS

2012 American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates

Supporting documentation on code lists, subject definitions, data accuracy, and statistical testing can be found on the American Community Survey website in the Data and Documentation section.

Sample size and data quality measures (including coverage rates, allocation rates, and response rates) can be found on the American Community Survey website in the Methodology section.

Subject San Diego County, California Estimate Margin of Error Percent Percent Margin of Error HOUSING OCCUPANCY Total housing units 1,169,225 +/-1,389 1,169,225 (X) Occupied housing units 1,079,653 +/-5,725 92.3% +/-0.5 Vacant housing units 89,572 +/-5,419 7.7% +/-0.5

Homeowner vacancy rate 1.8 +/-0.4 (X) (X) Rental vacancy rate 4.5 +/-0.5 (X) (X)

UNITS IN STRUCTURE Total housing units 1,169,225 +/-1,389 1,169,225 (X) 1-unit, detached 601,003 +/-7,914 51.4% +/-0.7 1-unit, attached 103,413 +/-5,205 8.8% +/-0.4 2 units 25,069 +/-2,941 2.1% +/-0.3 3 or 4 units 56,475 +/-3,928 4.8% +/-0.3 5 to 9 units 90,089 +/-4,923 7.7% +/-0.4 10 to 19 units 85,768 +/-4,470 7.3% +/-0.4 20 or more units 160,067 +/-5,242 13.7% +/-0.4 Mobile home 46,367 +/-3,005 4.0% +/-0.3 Boat, RV, van, etc. 974 +/-431 0.1% +/-0.1

YEAR STRUCTURE BUILT Total housing units 1,169,225 +/-1,389 1,169,225 (X) Built 2010 or later 8,202 +/-1,393 0.7% +/-0.1 Built 2000 to 2009 136,778 +/-4,756 11.7% +/-0.4 Built 1990 to 1999 142,038 +/-5,964 12.1% +/-0.5 Built 1980 to 1989 230,167 +/-6,541 19.7% +/-0.6 Built 1970 to 1979 279,857 +/-6,096 23.9% +/-0.5 Built 1960 to 1969 146,927 +/-4,985 12.6% +/-0.4 Built 1950 to 1959 130,263 +/-4,933 11.1% +/-0.4 Built 1940 to 1949 44,000 +/-3,361 3.8% +/-0.3 Built 1939 or earlier 50,993 +/-3,366 4.4% +/-0.3

ROOMS Total housing units 1,169,225 +/-1,389 1,169,225 (X) 1 room 25,780 +/-2,864 2.2% +/-0.2 2 rooms 45,218 +/-3,914 3.9% +/-0.3

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Subject San Diego County, California Estimate Margin of Error Percent Percent Margin of Error 3 rooms 156,328 +/-5,765 13.4% +/-0.5 4 rooms 229,769 +/-6,344 19.7% +/-0.5 5 rooms 219,200 +/-6,772 18.7% +/-0.6 6 rooms 176,706 +/-5,647 15.1% +/-0.5 7 rooms 119,964 +/-4,980 10.3% +/-0.4 8 rooms 88,780 +/-5,125 7.6% +/-0.4 9 rooms or more 107,480 +/-5,135 9.2% +/-0.4 Median rooms 5.1 +/-0.1 (X) (X)

BEDROOMS Total housing units 1,169,225 +/-1,389 1,169,225 (X) No bedroom 29,763 +/-2,872 2.5% +/-0.2 1 bedroom 171,140 +/-6,512 14.6% +/-0.6 2 bedrooms 357,821 +/-6,762 30.6% +/-0.6 3 bedrooms 363,620 +/-7,911 31.1% +/-0.7 4 bedrooms 195,970 +/-5,820 16.8% +/-0.5 5 or more bedrooms 50,911 +/-3,585 4.4% +/-0.3

HOUSING TENURE Occupied housing units 1,079,653 +/-5,725 1,079,653 (X) Owner-occupied 573,530 +/-6,642 53.1% +/-0.6 Renter-occupied 506,123 +/-7,464 46.9% +/-0.6

Average household size of owner-occupied unit 2.87 +/-0.03 (X) (X) Average household size of renter-occupied unit 2.85 +/-0.04 (X) (X)

YEAR HOUSEHOLDER MOVED INTO UNIT Occupied housing units 1,079,653 +/-5,725 1,079,653 (X) Moved in 2010 or later 360,777 +/-6,997 33.4% +/-0.6 Moved in 2000 to 2009 414,711 +/-7,935 38.4% +/-0.7 Moved in 1990 to 1999 160,464 +/-5,080 14.9% +/-0.5 Moved in 1980 to 1989 72,171 +/-3,209 6.7% +/-0.3 Moved in 1970 to 1979 45,682 +/-2,492 4.2% +/-0.2 Moved in 1969 or earlier 25,848 +/-2,292 2.4% +/-0.2

VEHICLES AVAILABLE Occupied housing units 1,079,653 +/-5,725 1,079,653 (X) No vehicles available 67,371 +/-3,649 6.2% +/-0.3 1 vehicle available 348,413 +/-7,937 32.3% +/-0.7 2 vehicles available 430,798 +/-8,138 39.9% +/-0.7 3 or more vehicles available 233,071 +/-5,578 21.6% +/-0.5

HOUSE HEATING FUEL Occupied housing units 1,079,653 +/-5,725 1,079,653 (X) Utility gas 625,866 +/-8,631 58.0% +/-0.8 Bottled, tank, or LP gas 31,322 +/-2,133 2.9% +/-0.2 Electricity 367,225 +/-8,537 34.0% +/-0.8 Fuel oil, kerosene, etc. 538 +/-426 0.0% +/-0.1 Coal or coke 0 +/-197 0.0% +/-0.1 Wood 10,425 +/-1,371 1.0% +/-0.1 Solar energy 1,348 +/-423 0.1% +/-0.1 Other fuel 4,453 +/-1,012 0.4% +/-0.1 No fuel used 38,476 +/-3,343 3.6% +/-0.3

SELECTED CHARACTERISTICS Occupied housing units 1,079,653 +/-5,725 1,079,653 (X) Lacking complete plumbing facilities 2,585 +/-953 0.2% +/-0.1 Lacking complete kitchen facilities 6,969 +/-1,332 0.6% +/-0.1 No telephone service available 32,408 +/-3,273 3.0% +/-0.3

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Subject San Diego County, California Estimate Margin of Error Percent Percent Margin of Error

OCCUPANTS PER ROOM Occupied housing units 1,079,653 +/-5,725 1,079,653 (X) 1.00 or less 1,012,227 +/-6,144 93.8% +/-0.4 1.01 to 1.50 44,538 +/-3,394 4.1% +/-0.3 1.51 or more 22,888 +/-2,466 2.1% +/-0.2

VALUE Owner-occupied units 573,530 +/-6,642 573,530 (X) Less than $50,000 22,935 +/-1,991 4.0% +/-0.3 $50,000 to $99,999 15,530 +/-1,887 2.7% +/-0.3 $100,000 to $149,999 18,095 +/-1,803 3.2% +/-0.3 $150,000 to $199,999 27,883 +/-2,234 4.9% +/-0.4 $200,000 to $299,999 90,747 +/-4,027 15.8% +/-0.7 $300,000 to $499,999 217,933 +/-5,235 38.0% +/-0.8 $500,000 to $999,999 146,541 +/-5,287 25.6% +/-0.8 $1,000,000 or more 33,866 +/-2,687 5.9% +/-0.5 Median (dollars) 386,400 +/-3,606 (X) (X)

MORTGAGE STATUS Owner-occupied units 573,530 +/-6,642 573,530 (X) Housing units with a mortgage 429,578 +/-7,221 74.9% +/-0.7 Housing units without a mortgage 143,952 +/-4,180 25.1% +/-0.7

SELECTED MONTHLY OWNER COSTS (SMOC) Housing units with a mortgage 429,578 +/-7,221 429,578 (X) Less than $300 211 +/-165 0.0% +/-0.1 $300 to $499 2,164 +/-656 0.5% +/-0.2 $500 to $699 5,952 +/-960 1.4% +/-0.2 $700 to $999 16,925 +/-1,822 3.9% +/-0.4 $1,000 to $1,499 60,248 +/-3,790 14.0% +/-0.9 $1,500 to $1,999 84,619 +/-3,926 19.7% +/-0.9 $2,000 or more 259,459 +/-7,247 60.4% +/-1.2 Median (dollars) 2,282 +/-30 (X) (X)

Housing units without a mortgage 143,952 +/-4,180 143,952 (X) Less than $100 3,837 +/-848 2.7% +/-0.6 $100 to $199 9,258 +/-1,350 6.4% +/-1.0 $200 to $299 19,693 +/-1,805 13.7% +/-1.2 $300 to $399 21,306 +/-1,989 14.8% +/-1.4 $400 or more 89,858 +/-4,335 62.4% +/-2.1 Median (dollars) 486 +/-13 (X) (X)

SELECTED MONTHLY OWNER COSTS AS A PERCENTAGE OF HOUSEHOLD INCOME (SMOCAPI) Housing units with a mortgage (excluding units where 418,807 +/-7,127 418,807 (X) SMOCAPI cannot be computed) Less than 20.0 percent 101,782 +/-4,277 24.3% +/-0.9 20.0 to 24.9 percent 64,844 +/-3,820 15.5% +/-0.9 25.0 to 29.9 percent 51,895 +/-3,303 12.4% +/-0.8 30.0 to 34.9 percent 45,599 +/-3,537 10.9% +/-0.8 35.0 percent or more 154,687 +/-5,755 36.9% +/-1.2

Not computed 10,771 +/-2,223 (X) (X)

Housing unit without a mortgage (excluding units 142,239 +/-4,265 142,239 (X) where SMOCAPI cannot be computed) Less than 10.0 percent 64,140 +/-2,937 45.1% +/-1.8 10.0 to 14.9 percent 25,409 +/-2,203 17.9% +/-1.4 15.0 to 19.9 percent 13,734 +/-1,461 9.7% +/-1.0

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Subject San Diego County, California Estimate Margin of Error Percent Percent Margin of Error 20.0 to 24.9 percent 9,310 +/-1,296 6.5% +/-0.9 25.0 to 29.9 percent 7,112 +/-1,224 5.0% +/-0.8 30.0 to 34.9 percent 4,305 +/-950 3.0% +/-0.6 35.0 percent or more 18,229 +/-1,815 12.8% +/-1.2

Not computed 1,713 +/-565 (X) (X)

GROSS RENT Occupied units paying rent 493,339 +/-7,247 493,339 (X) Less than $200 2,812 +/-786 0.6% +/-0.2 $200 to $299 7,705 +/-1,357 1.6% +/-0.3 $300 to $499 12,370 +/-1,378 2.5% +/-0.3 $500 to $749 26,354 +/-2,438 5.3% +/-0.5 $750 to $999 92,003 +/-4,641 18.6% +/-0.9 $1,000 to $1,499 181,228 +/-5,735 36.7% +/-1.1 $1,500 or more 170,867 +/-5,347 34.6% +/-0.9 Median (dollars) 1,253 +/-14 (X) (X)

No rent paid 12,784 +/-1,456 (X) (X)

GROSS RENT AS A PERCENTAGE OF HOUSEHOLD INCOME (GRAPI) Occupied units paying rent (excluding units where 476,530 +/-7,370 476,530 (X) GRAPI cannot be computed) Less than 15.0 percent 39,051 +/-3,325 8.2% +/-0.7 15.0 to 19.9 percent 46,346 +/-3,841 9.7% +/-0.8 20.0 to 24.9 percent 56,872 +/-3,954 11.9% +/-0.8 25.0 to 29.9 percent 58,115 +/-4,061 12.2% +/-0.8 30.0 to 34.9 percent 47,130 +/-3,573 9.9% +/-0.7 35.0 percent or more 229,016 +/-6,741 48.1% +/-1.3

Not computed 29,593 +/-2,511 (X) (X)

The median gross rent excludes no cash renters.

In prior years, the universe included all owner-occupied units with a mortgage. It is now restricted to include only those units where SMOCAPI is computed, that is, SMOC and household income are valid values.

In prior years, the universe included all owner-occupied units without a mortgage. It is now restricted to include only those units where SMOCAPI is computed, that is, SMOC and household income are valid values.

In prior years, the universe included all renter-occupied units. It is now restricted to include only those units where GRAPI is computed, that is, gross rent and household Income are valid values.

The 2009, 2010, 2011, and 2012 plumbing data for Puerto Rico will not be shown. Research indicates that the questions on plumbing facilities that were introduced in 2008 in the stateside American Community Survey and the 2008 Puerto Rico Community Survey may not have been appropriate for Puerto Rico.

Median calculations for base table sourcing VAL, MHC, SMOC, and TAX should exclude zero values.

Telephone service data are not available for certain geographic areas due to problems with data collection. See Errata Note #93 for details.

4 of 5 02/18/2014

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2012 American Community Survey

Explanation of Symbols:

DP05 ACS DEMOGRAPHIC AND HOUSING ESTIMATES

2012 American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates

Supporting documentation on code lists, subject definitions, data accuracy, and statistical testing can be found on the American Community Survey website in the Data and Documentation section.

Sample size and data quality measures (including coverage rates, allocation rates, and response rates) can be found on the American Community Survey website in the Methodology section.

Subject San Diego County, California Estimate Margin of Error Percent Percent Margin of Error SEX AND AGE Total population 3,177,063 ***** 3,177,063 (X) Male 1,596,686 +/-373 50.3% +/-0.1 Female 1,580,377 +/-373 49.7% +/-0.1

Under 5 years 208,721 ***** 6.6% ***** 5 to 9 years 199,032 +/-5,829 6.3% +/-0.2 10 to 14 years 194,753 +/-5,829 6.1% +/-0.2 15 to 19 years 217,981 +/-728 6.9% +/-0.1 20 to 24 years 276,781 +/-728 8.7% +/-0.1 25 to 34 years 495,765 +/-488 15.6% +/-0.1 35 to 44 years 423,229 +/-703 13.3% +/-0.1 45 to 54 years 427,163 +/-542 13.4% +/-0.1 55 to 59 years 196,687 +/-5,035 6.2% +/-0.2 60 to 64 years 157,115 +/-5,068 4.9% +/-0.2 65 to 74 years 203,673 +/-442 6.4% +/-0.1 75 to 84 years 116,360 +/-2,889 3.7% +/-0.1 85 years and over 59,803 +/-2,876 1.9% +/-0.1

Median age (years) 34.9 +/-0.1 (X) (X)

18 years and over 2,450,793 ***** 77.1% ***** 21 years and over 2,297,698 +/-4,775 72.3% +/-0.2 62 years and over 472,083 +/-4,819 14.9% +/-0.2 65 years and over 379,836 +/-427 12.0% +/-0.1

18 years and over 2,450,793 ***** 2,450,793 (X) Male 1,224,644 ***** 50.0% ***** Female 1,226,149 ***** 50.0% *****

65 years and over 379,836 +/-427 379,836 (X) Male 166,426 +/-417 43.8% +/-0.1 Female 213,410 +/-307 56.2% +/-0.1

RACE Total population 3,177,063 ***** 3,177,063 (X)

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Subject San Diego County, California Estimate Margin of Error Percent Percent Margin of Error One race 3,032,362 +/-10,598 95.4% +/-0.3 Two or more races 144,701 +/-10,598 4.6% +/-0.3

One race 3,032,362 +/-10,598 95.4% +/-0.3 White 2,237,694 +/-16,144 70.4% +/-0.5 Black or African American 163,368 +/-3,877 5.1% +/-0.1 American Indian and Alaska Native 26,541 +/-4,238 0.8% +/-0.1 Cherokee tribal grouping 993 +/-524 0.0% +/-0.1 Chippewa tribal grouping 0 +/-197 0.0% +/-0.1 Navajo tribal grouping 409 +/-243 0.0% +/-0.1 Sioux tribal grouping 455 +/-279 0.0% +/-0.1 Asian 364,545 +/-6,362 11.5% +/-0.2 Asian Indian 31,702 +/-5,996 1.0% +/-0.2 Chinese 53,141 +/-5,664 1.7% +/-0.2 Filipino 152,815 +/-10,460 4.8% +/-0.3 Japanese 21,543 +/-3,242 0.7% +/-0.1 Korean 20,018 +/-3,979 0.6% +/-0.1 Vietnamese 51,570 +/-6,166 1.6% +/-0.2 Other Asian 33,756 +/-5,463 1.1% +/-0.2 Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander 15,737 +/-1,146 0.5% +/-0.1 Native Hawaiian 3,458 +/-1,602 0.1% +/-0.1 Guamanian or Chamorro 5,387 +/-1,645 0.2% +/-0.1 Samoan 3,042 +/-1,459 0.1% +/-0.1 Other Pacific Islander 3,850 +/-1,802 0.1% +/-0.1 Some other race 224,477 +/-14,245 7.1% +/-0.4 Two or more races 144,701 +/-10,598 4.6% +/-0.3 White and Black or African American 17,770 +/-3,010 0.6% +/-0.1 White and American Indian and Alaska Native 20,504 +/-3,191 0.6% +/-0.1 White and Asian 48,229 +/-5,060 1.5% +/-0.2 Black or African American and American Indian and 2,942 +/-1,166 0.1% +/-0.1 Alaska Native

Race alone or in combination with one or more other races Total population 3,177,063 ***** 3,177,063 (X) White 2,356,832 +/-16,419 74.2% +/-0.5 Black or African American 203,773 +/-4,840 6.4% +/-0.2 American Indian and Alaska Native 59,202 +/-6,183 1.9% +/-0.2 Asian 431,896 +/-3,776 13.6% +/-0.1 Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander 28,127 +/-3,494 0.9% +/-0.1 Some other race 256,156 +/-14,266 8.1% +/-0.4

HISPANIC OR LATINO AND RACE Total population 3,177,063 ***** 3,177,063 (X) Hispanic or Latino (of any race) 1,037,685 ***** 32.7% ***** Mexican 924,416 +/-9,641 29.1% +/-0.3 Puerto Rican 23,925 +/-3,202 0.8% +/-0.1 Cuban 5,924 +/-1,771 0.2% +/-0.1 Other Hispanic or Latino 83,420 +/-8,474 2.6% +/-0.3 Not Hispanic or Latino 2,139,378 ***** 67.3% ***** White alone 1,509,733 +/-1,263 47.5% +/-0.1 Black or African American alone 153,435 +/-3,195 4.8% +/-0.1 American Indian and Alaska Native alone 12,433 +/-1,735 0.4% +/-0.1 Asian alone 356,437 +/-6,149 11.2% +/-0.2 Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander alone 15,207 +/-1,126 0.5% +/-0.1 Some other race alone 3,063 +/-1,145 0.1% +/-0.1 Two or more races 89,070 +/-6,825 2.8% +/-0.2 Two races including Some other race 4,740 +/-1,686 0.1% +/-0.1 Two races excluding Some other race, and Three or 84,330 +/-6,237 2.7% +/-0.2 more races

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Subject San Diego County, California Estimate Margin of Error Percent Percent Margin of Error

Total housing units 1,169,225 +/-1,389 (X) (X)

The ACS questions on Hispanic origin and race were revised in 2008 to make them consistent with the Census 2010 question wording. Any changes in estimates for 2008 and beyond may be due to demographic changes, as well as factors including questionnaire changes, differences in ACS population controls, and methodological differences in the population estimates, and therefore should be used with caution. For a summary of questionnaire changes see http://www.census.gov/acs/www/methodology/questionnaire_changes/. For more information about changes in the estimates see http://www.census.gov/population/hispanic/files/acs08researchnote.pdf.

For more information on understanding race and Hispanic origin data, please see the Census 2010 Brief entitled, Overview of Race and Hispanic Origin: 2010, issued March 2011. (pdf format)

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2012 American Community Survey

Explanation of Symbols:

3 of 3 02/18/2014

Selected Census Data Concepts for Grant Writers

SOCIAL: What is a Household? A household includes all the people who occupy a housing unit as their usual place of residence. Two kinds of households: • Family Households – A family consists of a householder and one or more other people living in the same household who are related to the householder by birth, marriage, or adoption. All people in a household who are related to the householder are regarded as members of his or her family. • Nonfamily Household -- A householder living alone or with nonrelatives only. Same- sex couple households with no relatives of the householder present are tabulated in nonfamily households. http://www.census.gov/acs/www/Downloads/data_documentation/SubjectDefinitions/2011_ACSSubjectDefinitions.pdf http://factfinder2.census.gov/help/en/american_factfinder_help.htm#glossary/glossary.htm

How does the Census Bureau classify Race and Hispanic Origin?

• Race: Starting in 1997, OMB required federal agencies to use a minimum of five race categories: White, Black or African American, American Indian or Alaska Native, Asian, and Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander. For respondents unable to identify with any of these five race categories, OMB approved the Census Bureau’s inclusion of a sixth category—Some Other Race.

• Origin: is viewed as the heritage, nationality group, lineage, or country of birth of the person or the person's parents or ancestors before their arrival in the United States.

• Ethnicity: OMB requires federal agencies to use a minimum of two ethnicities: Hispanic or Latino and Not Hispanic or Latino.

• Hispanics or Latino: “Hispanic or Latino” refers to a person of Cuban, Mexican, Puerto Rican, South or Central American, or other Spanish culture or origin regardless of race. People who identify their origin as Spanish, Hispanic, or Latino may be of any race. Thus, the percent Hispanic should not be added to percentages for racial categories. • Non-Hispanic White alone persons: are individuals who responded "No, not Spanish/Hispanic/Latino" and who reported "White" as their only entry in the race question. Tallies that show race categories for Hispanics and non-Hispanics separately are also available.

http://www.whitehouse.gov/omb/fedreg_1997standards; http://www.census.gov/prod/cen2010/briefs/c2010br-02.pdf

ECONOMIC: What is the difference between Household and Family Income? Household Income– This includes the income of the householder and all other individuals 15 years old and over in the household, whether they are related to the householder or not. Because many households consist of only one person, average household income is usually less than average family income. Family Income – In compiling statistics on family income, the incomes of all members 15 years old and over related to the householder are summed and treated as a single amount. How does the Census Bureau define Poverty? Poverty-Following the Office of Management and Budget’s (OMB’s) Directive 14, the Census Bureau uses a set of money income thresholds that vary by family size and composition to determine who is in poverty. If the total income for a family or unrelated individual falls below the relevant poverty threshold, then the family (and every individual in it) or unrelated individual is considered in poverty.

Poverty Threshold: http://www.census.gov/hhes/www/poverty/data/threshld/index.html http://www.census.gov/acs/www/Downloads/data_documentation/SubjectDefinitions/2011_ACSSubjectDefinitions.pdf http://factfinder2.census.gov/help/en/american_factfinder_help.htm#glossary/glossary.htm

02‐19‐13

AMERICAN COMMUNITY SURVEY TABLE NUMBERS AND WHAT TH

Since the release of the 2005 American Community Survey (ACS) data, detailed tables tables and maps, use the same numbering scheme.

An ACS detailed table number consists of up to five elements:

1. An initial character which is either “B” or “C.”

• A “B” is used for base tables. These tables provide the most detailed estimates for all geographies. • A "C" is used for a collapsed version of a "B" table. A "C" table is very similar to the same number (e.g., C07001 and B07001), but two or more lines from the "B collapsed to a single line in the "C" table. For example, the lines "75 to 79 years and "85 years and over" from a "B" table may be collapsed to a single line of "7 in a "C" table. *Note: Not every "B" table has a collapsed version.

2. The next two characters identify the subject of the table.

01 = Age and Sex B = Base (version of t 02 = Race 17 = Poverty (subjec t 03 = Hispanic or Latino Origin 001 = Series (unique 04 = Ancestry 05 = Foreign Born; Citizenship; Year or Entry; Nativity 06 = Place of Birth 07 = Residence 1 Year Ago; Migration 08 = Journey to Work; Workers' Characteristics; Commuting 09 = Children; Household Relationship 10 = Grandparents; Grandchildren 11 = Household Type; Family Type; Subfamilies 12 = Marital Status and History 13 = Fertility 14 = School Enrollment 15 = Educational Attainment 16 = Language Spoken at Home and Ability to Speak English 17 = Poverty 18 = Disability 19 = Income (Households and Families) 20 = Earnings (Individuals) 21 = Veteran Status 22 = Food Stamps 23 = Employment Status; Work Experience; Labor Force 24 = Industry; Occupation; Class of Worker 25 = Housing Characteristics 26 = Group Quarters 27 = Health Insurance 98 = Quality Measures 99 = Imputation table for any subject

Overview of Race and Hispanic

Origin: 2010 Issued March 2011 2010 Census Briefs C2010BR-02

INTRODUCTION By Figure 1. Karen R. Humes, This report looks at our nation’s chang- Reproduction of the Questions on Nicholas A. Jones, and ing racial and ethnic diversity. It is part Hispanic Origin and Race From Roberto R. Ramirez of a series that analyzes population the 2010 Census and housing data collected from the 2010 Census, and it provides a snapshot of race and Hispanic origin in the United States. Racial and ethnic population group distributions and growth at the national level and at lower levels of geography are presented.

This report also provides an overview of race and ethnicity concepts and definitions used in the 2010 Census. The data for this report are based on the 2010 Census Redistricting Data (Public Law 94-171) Summary File, which is among the first 2010 Census data products to be released and is provided to each state for use in drawing boundaries for legislative districts.1

1 The 2010 Census Redistricting Data (Public Law 94-171) Summary File provides data on Hispanic origin and race, including information on the population reporting more than one race as well as detailed Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2010 Census questionnaire. race combinations (e.g., White and Asian; White and Black or African American and American Indian and Alaska Native). In this report, the multiple-race combination categories are denoted with the conjunction and UNDERSTANDING RACE AND in bold and italicized print to indicate the specific race HISPANIC ORIGIN DATA FROM groups that comprise the particular combination. This report discusses data for the 50 states and the District THE 2010 CENSUS of Columbia but not Puerto Rico. The 2010 Census Redistricting Data (Public Law The 2010 Census used established 94-171) Summary File does not contain data for detailed Hispanic origin groups (e.g., Mexican or Puerto Rican) or federal standards to collect and detailed information about race or tribes (e.g., Chinese, present data on race and Samoan, or Choctaw). Therefore, these specific groups Hispanic origin. are not discussed in this report. Data on detailed Hispanic origin groups and detailed information about race and tribes will be released on a state-by-state basis For the 2010 Census, the questions on as part of the 2010 Census Demographic Profile and the race and Hispanic origin were asked of 2010 Census Summary File 1. Additional reports on the Hispanic or Latino population and selected race popula- individuals living in the United States tion groups will be released as part of the 2010 Census (see Figure 1). An individual’s responses Briefs series. For a detailed schedule of 2010 Census products and release dates, visit . origin question were based upon

U.S. Department of Commerce Economics and Statistics Administration U.S. CENSUS BUREAU self-identification. The U.S. Census The 2010 Census question on Data on race have been collected Bureau collects race and Hispanic Hispanic origin included five since the first U.S. decennial origin information following the separate response categories and census in 1790.5 For the first time guidance of the U.S. Office of one area where respondents could in Census 2000, individuals were Management and Budget’s (OMB) write-in a specific Hispanic origin presented with the option to self- 1997 Revisions to the Standards group. The first response cat- identify with more than one race for the Classification of Federal egory is intended for respondents and this continued with the 2010 Data on Race and Ethnicity.2 These who do not identify as Hispanic. Census, as prescribed by OMB. federal standards mandate that The remaining response catego- There are 57 possible multiple race and Hispanic origin (ethnicity) ries (“Mexican, Mexican Am., or race combinations involving the are separate and distinct concepts Chicano”; “Puerto Rican”; “Cuban”; five OMB race categories and Some and that when collecting these data and “Another Hispanic, Latino, Other Race. via self-identification, two different or Spanish origin”) and write-in The 2010 Census question on race questions must be used. answers can be combined to create included 15 separate response the OMB category of Hispanic.4 Hispanic Origin categories and three areas where Race respondents could write-in detailed The OMB definition of Hispanic or information about their race.6 The Latino origin used in the The OMB definitions of the race cat- response categories and write-in 2010 Census is presented in the egories used in the 2010 Census, answers can be combined to create text box “Definition of Hispanic or plus the Census Bureau’s definition the five minimum OMB race cat- Latino Origin Used in the of Some Other Race, are presented egories plus Some Other Race. In 2010 Census.” OMB requires fed- in the text box “Definition of addition to White, Black or African eral agencies to use a minimum Race Categories Used in the 2010 American, American Indian and of two ethnicities: Hispanic or Census.” Starting in 1997, OMB Alaska Native, and Some Other Latino and Not Hispanic or Latino. required federal agencies to use a Race, 7 of the 15 response catego- Hispanic origin can be viewed as minimum of five race categories: ries are Asian groups and 4 are the heritage, nationality group, White, Black or African American, Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific lineage, or country of birth of the American Indian or Alaska Native, Islander groups. 7 person or the person’s parents or Asian, and Native Hawaiian or ancestors before their arrival in the Other Pacific Islander. For respon- United States. People who identify dents unable to identify with any their origin as Hispanic, Latino, or of these five race categories, OMB 5 For information about comparability of 2010 Census data on race and Hispanic origin 3 Spanish may be any race. approved the Census Bureau’s to data collected in previous censuses, see inclusion of a sixth category—Some the 2010 Census Redistricting Data (Public Law 94-171) Summary File—Technical Definition of Hispanic or Other Race—on the Census 2000 Documentation at . 2010 Census 6 There were two changes to the question on race for the 2010 Census. First, the word- “Hispanic or Latino” refers to ing of the race question was changed from 4 There were three changes to the “What is this person’s race? Mark one or a person of Cuban, Mexican, Hispanic origin question for the 2010 Census. more races to indicate what this person con- Puerto Rican, South or Central First, the wording of the question changed siders himself/herself to be” in 2000 to “What from “Is this person Spanish/Hispanic/ is this person’s race? Mark one or more American, or other Spanish Latino?” in 2000 to “Is this person of Hispanic, boxes” for 2010. Second, in 2010, examples culture or origin regardless of Latino, or Spanish origin?” in 2010. Second, were added to the “Other Asian” response in 2000, the question provided an instruc- category (Hmong, Laotian, Thai, Pakistani, race. tion, “Mark the ‘No’ box if not Spanish/ Cambodian, and so on) and the “Other Pacific Hispanic/Latino.” The 2010 Census question Islander” response category (Fijian, Tongan, provided no specific instruction for non- and so on). In 2000, no examples were given Hispanic respondents. Third, in 2010, the in the race question. 2 The 1997 Revisions to the Standards “Yes, another Hispanic, Latino, or Spanish 7 The race categories included in the for the Classification of Federal Data on origin” category provided examples of census questionnaire generally reflect a social Race and Ethnicity, issued by OMB, is six Hispanic origin groups (Argentinean, definition of race recognized in this country available at . Salvadoran, Spaniard, and so on) and cally, anthropologically, or genetically. In addi- 3 The terms “Hispanic or Latino” and instructed respondents to “print origin.” In tion, it is recognized that the categories of “Hispanic” are used interchangeably in this 2000, no Hispanic origin examples were the race question include race and national report. given. origin or sociocultural groups.

2 U.S. Census Bureau something other than White alone Definition of Race Categories Used in the 2010 Census and those who reported their eth- 8 “White” refers to a person having origins in any of the original peoples nicity as Hispanic or Latino. of Europe, the Middle East, or North Africa. It includes people who indi- More than half of the growth cated their race(s) as “White” or reported entries such as Irish, German, in the total population of Italian, Lebanese, Arab, Moroccan, or Caucasian. the United States between “Black or African American” refers to a person having origins in any of 2000 and 2010 was due to the increase in the Hispanic the Black racial groups of Africa. It includes people who indicated their population. race(s) as “Black, African Am., or Negro” or reported entries such as African American, Kenyan, Nigerian, or Haitian. In 2010, there were 50.5 million Hispanics in the United States, “American Indian or Alaska Native” refers to a person having origins in composing 16 percent of the total any of the original peoples of North and South America (including population (see Table 1). Between Central America) and who maintains tribal affiliation or community 2000 and 2010, the Hispanic popu- attachment. This category includes people who indicated their race(s) lation grew by 43 percent—rising as “American Indian or Alaska Native” or reported their enrolled or prin- from 35.3 million in 2000, when cipal tribe, such as Navajo, Blackfeet, Inupiat, Yup’ik, or Central this group made up 13 percent of American Indian groups or South American Indian groups. the total population.9 The Hispanic “Asian” refers to a person having origins in any of the original peoples population increased by 15.2 of the Far East, Southeast Asia, or the Indian subcontinent, including, million between 2000 and 2010, for example, Cambodia, China, India, Japan, Korea, Malaysia, Pakistan, accounting for over half of the 27.3 the Philippine Islands, Thailand, and Vietnam. It includes people who million increase in the total popula- indicated their race(s) as “Asian” or reported entries such as “Asian tion of the United States. Indian,” “Chinese,” “Filipino,” “Korean,” “Japanese,” “Vietnamese,” and The non-Hispanic population grew “Other Asian” or provided other detailed Asian responses. relatively slower over the decade, “Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander” refers to a person having about 5 percent. Within the non- origins in any of the original peoples of Hawaii, Guam, Samoa, or other Hispanic population, the number Pacific Islands. It includes people who indicated their race(s) as “Pacific of people who reported their race Islander” or reported entries such as “Native Hawaiian,” “Guamanian or as White alone grew even slower Chamorro,” “Samoan,” and “Other Pacific Islander” or provided other between 2000 and 2010 (1 per- detailed Pacific Islander responses. cent). While the non-Hispanic White alone population increased numeri- “Some Other Race” includes all other responses not included in the cally from 194.6 million to 196.8 White, Black or African American, American Indian or Alaska Native, million over the 10-year period, its Asian, and Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander race categories proportion of the total population described above. Respondents reporting entries such as multiracial, declined from 69 percent to 64 mixed, interracial, or a Hispanic or Latino group (for example, Mexican, percent. Puerto Rican, Cuban, or Spanish) in response to the race question are 8 For the purposes of this report, the term included in this category. “reported” is used to refer to the response provided by respondents as well as responses assigned during the editing and imputation process. 9 The observed changes in race and RACE AND HISPANIC ORIGIN people resided in the United States Hispanic origin counts between Census 2000 and the 2010 Census could be attributed to a IN THE 2010 CENSUS on April 1, 2010—an increase of number of factors. Demographic change since 27.3 million people, or 9.7 percent, 2000, which includes births and deaths in a Data from the 2010 Census provide geographic area and migration in and out of between 2000 and 2010. The vast a geographic area, will have an impact on the insights to our racially and ethni- majority of the growth in the total resulting 2010 Census counts. Additionally, cally diverse nation. According to some changes in the race and Hispanic origin population came from increases in the 2010 Census, 308.7 million questions’ wording and format since those who reported their race(s) as Census 2000 could have influenced reporting patterns in the 2010 Census.

U.S. Census Bureau 3 Table 1. Population by Hispanic or Latino Origin and by Race for the United States: 2000 and 2010 (For information on confidentiality protection, nonsampling error, and definitions, see www.census.gov/prod/cen2010/doc/pl94-171.pdf)

Change, 2000 2010 2000 to 2010 Hispanic or Latino origin and race Percentage Percentage of total of total Number population Number population Number Percent HISPANIC OR LATINO ORIGIN AND RACE Total population � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 281,421,906 100�0 308,745,538 100�0 27,323,632 9�7 Hispanic or Latino � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 35,305,818 12�5 50,477,594 16�3 15,171,776 43�0 Not Hispanic or Latino � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 246,116,088 87�5 258,267,944 83�7 12,151,856 4�9 White alone � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 194,552,774 69�1 196,817,552 63�7 2,264,778 1�2

RACE Total population � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 281,421,906 100�0 308,745,538 100�0 27,323,632 9�7 One Race � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 274,595,678 97�6 299,736,465 97�1 25,140,787 9�2 White � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 211,460,626 75�1 223,553,265 72�4 12,092,639 5�7 Black or African American � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 34,658,190 12�3 38,929,319 12�6 4,271,129 12�3 American Indian and Alaska Native � � � � � � � � � 2,475,956 0�9 2,932,248 0�9 456,292 18�4 Asian � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 10,242,998 3�6 14,674,252 4�8 4,431,254 43�3 Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander � � � 398,835 0�1 540,013 0�2 141,178 35�4 Some Other Race � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 15,359,073 5�5 19,107,368 6�2 3,748,295 24�4 Two or More Races1 � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 6,826,228 2�4 9,009,073 2�9 2,182,845 32�0 1 In Census 2000, an error in data processing resulted in an overstatement of the Two or More Races population by about 1 million people (about 15 percent) nationally, which almost entirely affected race combinations involving Some Other Race� Therefore, data users should assess observed changes in the Two or More Races population and race combinations involving Some Other Race between Census 2000 and the 2010 Census with caution� Changes in specific race combinations not involving Some Other Race, such as White and Black or African American or White and Asian, generally should be more comparable� Sources: U�S� Census Bureau, Census 2000 Redistricting Data (Public Law 94-171) Summary File, Tables PL1 and PL2; and 2010 Census Redistricting Data (Public Law 94-171) Summary File, Tables P1 and P2�

The overwhelming majority White alone (223.6 million), as Asian alone. The smallest major of the total population of the accounting for 72 percent of all race group was Native Hawaiian United States reported only people living in the United States.11 and Other Pacific Islander alone one race in 2010. The Black or African-American (0.5 million) and represented 0.2 In the 2010 Census, 97 percent alone population was 38.9 million percent of the total population. of all respondents (299.7 million) and represented 13 percent of the The remainder of respondents who reported only one race (see Table total population.12 There were 2.9 reported only one race—19.1 mil- 1).10 The largest group reported million respondents who indicated lion (6 percent of all respondents)— American Indian and Alaska Native were classified as Some Other Race 10 Individuals who responded to the ques- alone (0.9 percent). Approximately alone. People who reported more tion on race by indicating only one race are 14.7 million (about 5 percent of all than one race numbered 9.0 mil- referred to as the race-alone population or the group that reported only one race category. respondents) identified their race lion in the 2010 Census and made Six categories make up this population: up about 3 percent of the total White alone, Black or African American alone, 11 As a matter of policy, the Census Bureau American Indian and Alaska Native alone, does not advocate the use of the alone population. Asian alone, Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific population over the alone-or-in-combination Islander alone, and Some Other Race alone. population or vice versa. The use of the alone The Asian population grew Individuals who chose more than 1 of the 6 population in sections of this report does not race categories are referred to as the Two or imply that it is a preferred method of pre- faster than any other major More Races population. All respondents who senting or analyzing data. The same is true race group between 2000 and indicated more than one race can be collapsed for sections of this report that focus on the 2010. into the Two or More Races category which, alone-or-in-combination population. Data on combined with the six race-alone categories, race from the 2010 Census can be presented In the United States, all major race yields seven mutually exclusive and exhaus- and discussed in a variety of ways. tive categories. Thus, the six race-alone cat- 12 The terms “Black or African American” groups increased in population size egories and the Two or More Races category and “Black” are used interchangeably in this between 2000 and 2010, but they sum to the total population. report.

4 U.S. Census Bureau grew at different rates. Over the growing by about one-quarter. This The Two or More Races population decade, the Asian alone popula- population climbed from 15.4 mil- was one of the fastest-growing tion experienced the fastest rate of lion in 2000 to 19.1 million in 2010 groups over the decade. This popu- growth and the White alone popula- and was approximately 6 percent lation increased approximately one- tion experienced the slowest rate of the total population in both third between 2000 and 2010.13 of growth, with the other major decennial censuses. Most of this race groups’ growth spanning the growth was due to increases in the The Hispanic population range in between. Of the 27.3 Hispanic population. predominantly identified as either White or million people added to the total An 18 percent growth in the Some Other Race. population of the United States American Indian and Alaska Native between 2000 and 2010, the White People of Hispanic origin may be alone population occurred between alone population made up just any race. For the 2010 Census, a under half of the growth—increas- 2000 and 2010. This population, new instruction was added imme- ing 12.1 million. Within the White also relatively small numerically, diately preceding the questions alone population, the vast majority maintained its proportion of the on Hispanic origin and race, which of the growth was propelled by the total population between decennial was not used in Census 2000. Hispanic population. censuses (0.9 percent) while grow- The instruction stated that “For ing from 2.5 million to 2.9 million. this census, Hispanic origins are The Asian alone population not races” because in the federal increased by 43 percent between While the Black alone popula- statistical system, Hispanic origin is 2000 and 2010, more than any tion had the third-largest numeric considered to be a separate con- other major race group. The Asian increase in population size over cept from race. However, this did alone population had the second- the decade (4.3 million), behind the not preclude individuals from self- largest numeric change (4.4 mil- White alone and Asian alone popu- identifying their race as “Latino,” lion), growing from 10.2 million in lations, it grew slower than most “Mexican,” “Puerto Rican,” 2000 to 14.7 million in 2010. The other major race groups. In fact, “Salvadoran,” or other national Asian alone population gained the the Black alone population exhib- origins or ethnicities; in fact, many most in share of the total popu- ited the smallest percentage growth did so. If the response provided lation, moving up from about 4 outside of the White alone popula- to the race question could not be percent in 2000 to about 5 percent tion, increasing 12 percent between classified in one or more of the five in 2010. 2000 and 2010. This population OMB race groups, it was generally classified in the category Some The Native Hawaiian and Other rose from 34.7 million in 2000 to Other Race. Therefore, responses Pacific Islander alone population, 38.9 million in 2010, making up 12 to the question on race that reflect the smallest major race group, also percent and 13 percent of the total a Hispanic origin were classified in grew substantially between 2000 population, respectively. the Some Other Race category. and 2010, increasing by more than The only major race group to one-third. This population num- 13 In Census 2000, an error in data pro- experience a decrease in its propor- cessing resulted in an overstatement of the bered 398,835 in 2000, rising to tion of the total population was the Two or More Races population by about 540,013 in 2010 with its propor- 1 million people (about 15 percent) nationally, White alone population. While this tion of the total population chang- which almost entirely affected race combina- group increased the most numeri- tions involving Some Other Race. Therefore, ing from 0.1 percent to 0.2 percent, data users should assess observed changes cally between decennial censuses respectively. in the Two or More Races population and race (211.5 million to 223.6 million), combinations involving Some Other Race between Census 2000 and the 2010 Census Between 2000 and 2010, the its share of the total population with caution. Changes in specific multiple- population classified as Some Other fell from 75 percent in 2000 to 72 race combinations not involving Some Other Race, such as White and Black or White and Race alone increased considerably, percent in 2010. Asian, generally, should be more comparable.

U.S. Census Bureau 5 The 2010 Census racial distribu- Table 2. tions of the Hispanic population Population by Hispanic or Latino Origin and Race for the and of the non-Hispanic population United States: 2010 differ and are shown in Table 2. (For information on confidentiality protection, nonsampling error, and definitions, see Over half of the Hispanic popula- www.census.gov/prod/cen2010/doc/pl94-171.pdf) tion identified as White and no Hispanic or Latino origin and race Number Percent other race, while about one-third HISPANIC OR LATINO provided responses that were clas- Total � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 50,477,594 100�0 sified as Some Other Race alone Race when responding to the question One Race � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 47,435,002 94�0 on race. Much smaller proportions White � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 26,735,713 53�0 Black or African American � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 1,243,471 2�5 of Hispanics identified as other race American Indian and Alaska Native � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 685,150 1�4 groups alone: Black alone (3 per- Asian � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 209,128 0�4 cent), American Indian and Alaska Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander � � � � � � � � � � � � 58,437 0�1 Native alone (1 percent), Asian Some Other Race � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 18,503,103 36�7 Two or More Races � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 3,042,592 6�0 alone (0.4 percent), and Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander NOT HISPANIC OR LATINO alone (0.1 percent). Total � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 258,267,944 100�0 Race The racial distribution of the non- One Race � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 252,301,463 97�7 Hispanic population, on the other White � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 196,817,552 76�2 hand, was mostly White alone (76 Black or African American � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 37,685,848 14�6 American Indian and Alaska Native � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 2,247,098 0�9 percent), Black alone (15 percent), Asian � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 14,465,124 5�6 and Asian alone (6 percent). Less Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander � � � � � � � � � � � � 481,576 0�2 than 1 percent of non-Hispanics Some Other Race � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 604,265 0�2 Two or More Races � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 5,966,481 2�3 provided responses to the race Source: U�S� Census Bureau, 2010 Census Redistricting Data (Public Law 94-171) Summary File, question that were classified Tables P1 and P2� as Some Other Race alone (0.2 percent). population (see Table 3).14 People the total population reported their who reported their race as White in race as Black, either alone or with In 2010, 6 percent of Hispanics combination with one or more addi- at least one other race, which was reported multiple races. Among tional races numbered 7.5 million, the second-largest of the alone-or- non-Hispanics, 2 percent reported making up 2 percent of the total in-combination categories (42.0 more than one race. population. About 14 percent of million).

14 Native Hawaiians and Other The maximum number of people There were 21.7 million people reporting a particular race is reflected in the Pacific Islanders and American race-alone-or-in-combination concept. This classified as Some Other Race Indians and Alaska Natives represents the number of times responses alone or in combination and 17.3 were more likely than other were part of 1 of the 6 major race categories, million people classified as Asian groups to report multiple either alone or in combination with the other five race categories. There are six race- alone or in combination in the races. alone-or-in-combination categories, which are not mutually exclusive: White alone or in 2010 Census, making up 7 percent In the 2010 Census, the popula- combination, Black alone or in combination, and 6 percent of the total population reporting their race as White, American Indian and Alaska Native alone or in combination, Asian alone or in combination, tion, respectively. There were com- either alone or with at least one Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander parable levels and proportions of other race, was the largest of all alone or in combination, and Some Other Race alone or in combination. For example, the total population who indicated the alone-or-in-combination catego- a respondent who indicated Asian and race groups in combination with ries (231.0 million) and represented White was counted in the Asian alone-or-in- combination category as well as in the White Some Other Race (2.6 million and about three-fourths of the total alone-or-in-combination category. Therefore, 0.9 percent) and with Asian (2.6 the sum of all race-alone-or-in-combination categories equals the number of races million and 0.9 percent). reported (i.e., responses), which exceeds the total population.

6 U.S. Census Bureau Table 3. The two smallest alone-or-in- Race by the Alone-or-In-Combination, Alone, and combination categories were In-Combination Categories for the United States: 2010 American Indian and Alaska Native (For information on confidentiality protection, nonsampling error, and definitions, see (5.2 million) and Native Hawaiian www.census.gov/prod/cen2010/doc/pl94-171.pdf) and Other Pacific Islander (1.2 Percentage million), making up 2 percent and Percentage of alone Race 0.4 percent of the total population, of total or in respectively. These two categories Number population combination Total population � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 308,745,538 100�0 (X) were unique in that large proportions of these populations indicated WHITE more than one race, compared with Alone or in combination � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 231,040,398 74�8 (X) Alone � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 223,553,265 72�4 96�8 other major race groups (see Figure In combination � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 7,487,133 2�4 3�2 2). There were more reports of Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific BLACK OR AFRICAN AMERICAN Alone or in combination � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 42,020,743 13�6 (X) Islander in combination with one Alone � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 38,929,319 12�6 92�6 or more additional races than there In combination � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 3,091,424 1�0 7�4 were of Native Hawaiian and Other AMERICAN INDIAN AND ALASKA NATIVE Pacific Islander alone (0.7 mil- Alone or in combination � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 5,220,579 1�7 (X) lion and 0.5 million, respectively). Alone � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 2,932,248 0�9 56�2 Almost as many people indicated In combination � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 2,288,331 0�7 43�8 American Indian and Alaska Native ASIAN in combination with one or more Alone or in combination � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 17,320,856 5�6 (X) additional races as people who indi- Alone � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 14,674,252 4�8 84�7 In combination � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 2,646,604 0�9 15�3 cated American Indian and Alaska Native alone (2.3 million and 2.9 NATIVE HAWAIIAN AND OTHER million, respectively). Thus, over PACIFIC ISLANDER Alone or in combination � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 1,225,195 0�4 (X) half of the Native Hawaiian and Alone � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 540,013 0�2 44�1 Other Pacific Islander population In combination � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 685,182 0�2 55�9 and almost half of the American SOME OTHER RACE Indian and Alaska Native population Alone or in combination � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 21,748,084 7�0 (X) reported more than one race. Alone � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 19,107,368 6�2 87�9 In combination � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 2,640,716 0�9 12�1 (X) Not applicable� Note: The total population is equal to the number of respondents� In the 2010 Census, there were 308,745,538 respondents� The total of all race categories alone or in combination with one or more other races is equal to the number of responses; therefore, it adds to more than the total population� Source: U�S� Census Bureau, 2010 Census Redistricting Data (Public Law 94-171) Summary File, Table P1�

U.S. Census Bureau 7 Most people who reported multiple races provided Figure 2. exactly two races in 2010; Percentage of Major Race Groups Reporting Multiple White and Black was the Races: 2010 largest multiple-race (For more information on confidentiality protection, nonsampling error, and combination. definitions, see www.census.gov/prod/cen2010/doc/pl94-171.pdf)

Over the last 10 years, consider- 55.9 able research has been conducted on people of multiple races, and how they self-identify has become 43.8 a more common part of our discus- sions and understanding of race and ethnicity. Results from the 2010 Census provide new information on the diversity and changes in the Two or More Races population in the United States. 15.3 12.1 Among people who reported White; AIAN more than one race in 2010, the 7.4 White: Asian vast majority (about 92 percent) 2.9 3.2 reported exactly two races (see White; Black Total White Black or American Asian Native Some Table 4). An additional 8 percent of White; NHPI population African Indian Hawaiian Other the Two or More Races population American and and Other Race White; Some other race Alaska Native Pacific Islander reported three races and less than Black; AIAN 1 percent reported four or more Note: Specified race group refers to the alone or in-combination population. Black; Asian races. Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2010 Census Redistricting Data (Public Law 94-171) Summary File, Table P1. Black; NHPI In 2010, four groups were, by far, Black; Some other race the largest multiple-race combina- Different multiple-race were more reports of multiple- AIAN; Asian tions in the United States: White reporting patterns occurred race combinations that included AIAN; NHPI and Black (1.8 million), White and for Hispanics and non- White than reports of combinations AIAN; Some other race Some Other Race (1.7 million), Hispanics. involving any other group. This White and Asian (1.6 million), Asian; NHPI Tables 5 through 10 present data basic pattern also existed among and White and American Indian Asian; Some other race for the major race groups and their non-Hispanics. However, among and Alaska Native (1.4 million). NHPI; Some other race largest multiple-race combinations Hispanics, relatively large propor- Together, these four combinations by Hispanic origin. A general pat- tions reported multiple-race combi- Three or more races composed nearly three-fourths of tern existed in these data tables nations involving Some Other Race, 0 5 10 15 20 the multiple-race population in the for people who reported more than as well as combinations involving 2010 Census (see Figure 3). one race in the 2010 Census. There White.

8 U.S. Census Bureau Table 4. Two or More Races Population by Number of Races and Selected Combinations for the United States: 2010 (For information on confidentiality protection, nonsampling error, and definitions, see www.census.gov/prod/cen2010/doc/pl94-171.pdf)

Race Number Percent Two or More Races population � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 9,009,073 100�0

Two races � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 8,265,318 91�7 White; Black or African American � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 1,834,212 20�4 White; American Indian and Alaska Native � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 1,432,309 15�9 White; Asian � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 1,623,234 18�0 White; Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 169,991 1�9 White; Some Other Race � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 1,740,924 19�3 Black or African American; American Indian and Alaska Native � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 269,421 3�0 Black or African American; Asian � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 185,595 2�1 Black or African American; Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 50,308 0�6 Black or African American; Some Other Race � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 314,571 3�5 American Indian and Alaska Native; Asian � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 58,829 0�7 American Indian and Alaska Native; Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 11,039 0�1 American Indian and Alaska Native; Some Other Race � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 115,752 1�3 Asian; Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 165,690 1�8 Asian; Some Other Race � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 234,462 2�6 Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander; Some Other Race � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 58,981 0�7

Three races � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 676,469 7�5 White; Black or African American; American Indian and Alaska Native � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 230,848 2�6 White; Black or African American; Asian � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 61,511 0�7 White; Black or African American; Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 9,245 0�1 White; Black or African American; Some Other Race � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 46,641 0�5 White; American Indian and Alaska Native; Asian � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 45,960 0�5 White; American Indian and Alaska Native; Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 8,656 0�1 White; American Indian and Alaska Native; Some Other Race � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 30,941 0�3 White; Asian; Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 143,126 1�6 White; Asian; Some Other Race � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 35,786 0�4 White; Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander; Some Other Race � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 9,181 0�1 Black or African American; American Indian and Alaska Native; Asian � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 9,460 0�1 Black or African American; American Indian and Alaska Native; Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 2,142 – Black or African American; American Indian and Alaska Native; Some Other Race � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 8,236 0�1 Black or African American; Asian; Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 7,295 0�1 Black or African American; Asian; Some Other Race � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 8,122 0�1 Black or African American; Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander; Some Other Race � � � � � � � � � � � � � 4,233 – American Indian and Alaska Native; Asian; Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 3,827 – American Indian and Alaska Native; Asian; Some Other Race � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 3,785 – American Indian and Alaska Native; Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander; Some Other Race � � � � � � 2,000 – Asian; Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander; Some Other Race � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 5,474 0�1

Four races � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 57,875 0�6

Five races � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 8,619 0�1 Six races � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 792 – – Percentage rounds to 0�0� Source: U�S� Census Bureau, 2010 Census Redistricting Data (Public Law 94-171) Summary File, Table P1�

U.S. Census Bureau 9 Figure 3. Percentage Distribution of People Who Reported Multiple Races: 2010 (For more information on confidentiality protection, nonsampling error, and definitions, see www.census.gov/prod/cen2010/doc/pl94-171.pdf)

White; Black 20.4 White; SOR 19.3 White; Asian 18.0 White; AIAN 15.9 Black; SOR 3.5 Black; AIAN 3.0 Asian; SOR 2.6 Black; Asian 2.1 White; NHPI 1.9 Asian; NHPI 1.8 AIAN; SOR 1.3 NHPI; SOR 0.7 AIAN; Asian 0.7 Black; NHPI 0.6 AIAN; NHPI 0.1 Three or more races 8.3

Note: People reporting multiple races represented 2.9 percent of the total population. Black refers to Black or African American; AIAN refers to American Indian and Alaska Native; NHPI refers to Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander; SOR refers to Some Other Race. Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2010 Census Redistricting Data (Public Law 94-171) Summary File, Table P1. White; AIAN White: Asian White; Black People who identified as White Table 5). Among the 7.5 million White and Asian, and nearly one- White; NHPI were the most likely to report people who reported they were fifth reported White and American White; Some other race only one race. White and one or more additional Indian and Alaska Native. This Black; AIAN In the 2010 Census, 97 percent races, one-fourth reported White was a fairly even distribution of of people in the White alone-or- and Black, and nearly one-fourth responses among the four largest Black; Asian in-combination category reported reported White and Some Other combinations. Black; NHPI White and no other race (see Race. Another one-fifth reported Black; Some other race AIAN; Asian AIAN; NHPI AIAN; Some other race Asian; NHPI Asian; Some other race NHPI; Some other race Three or more races 0 5 10 15 20

10 U.S. Census Bureau Table 5. Table 5 shows that 29.2 million The White Population and Largest Multiple-Race people of Hispanic origin reported Combinations by Hispanic or Latino Origin for the that they were either White alone or United States: 2010 White in combination with another (For information on confidentiality protection, nonsampling error, and definitions, see race. Of the 2.4 million Hispanics www.census.gov/prod/cen2010/doc/pl94-171.pdf) who reported their race as White Percentage in combination with one or more of White additional races, almost two-thirds Race in were classified as White and Some Number Percent combination Other Race. WHITE ALONE OR IN COMBINATION Total � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 231,040,398 100�0 (X) The multiple-race reporting pat- White alone � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 223,553,265 96�8 (X) tern was different for non-Hispanic White in combination � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 7,487,133 3�2 100�0 Whites. Of the 5.0 million non- White; Black or African American � � � � � � � � � � � 1,834,212 0�8 24�5 White; Some Other Race � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 1,740,924 0�8 23�3 Hispanics who reported that White; Asian � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 1,623,234 0�7 21�7 they were White and one or more White; American Indian and Alaska Native � � � 1,432,309 0�6 19�1 additional races, about one- White; Black or African American; American Indian and Alaska Native � � � � � � � � 230,848 0�1 3�1 third reported White and Black, All other combinations including White � � � � � � 625,606 0�3 8�4 nearly one-third reported White and Asian, and about one-fourth Hispanic or Latino � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 29,184,290 100�0 (X) White alone � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 26,735,713 91�6 (X) reported White and American White in combination � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 2,448,577 8�4 100�0 Indian and Alaska Native. White; Black or African American � � � � � � � � � � � 245,850 0�8 10�0 White; Some Other Race � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 1,601,125 5�5 65�4 White; Asian � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 135,522 0�5 5�5 White; American Indian and Alaska Native � � � 226,385 0�8 9�2 White; Black or African American; American Indian and Alaska Native � � � � � � � � 50,000 0�2 2�0 All other combinations including White � � � � � � 189,695 0�6 7�7

Not Hispanic or Latino � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 201,856,108 100�0 (X) White alone � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 196,817,552 97�5 (X) White in combination � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 5,038,556 2�5 100�0 White; Black or African American � � � � � � � � � � � 1,588,362 0�8 31�5 White; Some Other Race � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 139,799 0�1 2�8 White; Asian � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 1,487,712 0�7 29�5 White; American Indian and Alaska Native � � � 1,205,924 0�6 23�9 White; Black or African American; American Indian and Alaska Native � � � � � � � � 180,848 0�1 3�6 All other combinations including White � � � � � � 435,911 0�2 8�7 (X) Not applicable� Note: Largest combinations based on White in-combination population� Source: U�S� Census Bureau, 2010 Census Redistricting Data (Public Law 94-171) Summary File, Tables P1 and P2�

U.S. Census Bureau 11 Table 6. The Black or African-American Population and Largest Multiple-Race Combinations by Hispanic or Latino Origin for the United States: 2010 (For information on confidentiality protection, nonsampling error, and definitions, see www.census.gov/prod/cen2010/doc/pl94-171.pdf) Percentage of Black or Race African American Number Percent in combination BLACK OR AFRICAN AMERICAN ALONE OR IN COMBINATION Total � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 42,020,743 100�0 (X) Black or African American alone � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 38,929,319 92�6 (X) Black or African American in combination � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 3,091,424 7�4 100�0 Black or African American; White � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 1,834,212 4�4 59�3 Black or African American; Some Other Race � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 314,571 0�7 10�2 Black or African American; American Indian and Alaska Native � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 269,421 0�6 8�7 Black or African American; White; American Indian and Alaska Native � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 230,848 0�5 7�5 Black or African American; Asian � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 185,595 0�4 6�0 All other combinations including Black or African American � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 256,777 0�6 8�3

Hispanic or Latino � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 1,897,218 100�0 (X) Black or African American alone � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 1,243,471 65�5 (X) Black or African American in combination � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 653,747 34�5 100�0 Black or African American; White � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 245,850 13�0 37�6 Black or African American; Some Other Race � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 227,648 12�0 34�8 Black or African American; American Indian and Alaska Native � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 31,571 1�7 4�8 Black or African American; White; American Indian and Alaska Native � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 50,000 2�6 7�6 Black or African American; Asian � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 15,451 0�8 2�4 All other combinations including Black or African American � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 83,227 4�4 12�7

Not Hispanic or Latino � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 40,123,525 100�0 (X) Black or African American alone � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 37,685,848 93�9 (X) Black or African American in combination � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 2,437,677 6�1 100�0 Black or African American; White � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 1,588,362 4�0 65�2 Black or African American; Some Other Race � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 86,923 0�2 3�6 Black or African American; American Indian and Alaska Native � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 237,850 0�6 9�8 Black or African American; White; American Indian and Alaska Native � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 180,848 0�5 7�4 Black or African American; Asian � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 170,144 0�4 7�0 All other combinations including Black or African American � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 173,550 0�4 7�1 (X) Not applicable� Note: Largest combinations based on Black or African American in-combination population� Source: U�S� Census Bureau, 2010 Census Redistricting Data (Public Law 94-171) Summary File, Tables P1 and P2�

Within the population who the majority reported being Black identified as Black in combination identified as Black, Hispanics and White (59 percent). with one or more additional races were more likely to report reported one of two combinations: multiple races than non- The Black alone-or-in-combination Black and White (38 percent) and Hispanics. population included 1.9 million Black and Some Other Race (35 In the 2010 Census, 93 percent of people of Hispanic origin, 35 percent). This contrasts with non- people in the Black alone-or-in- percent of whom reported multiple Hispanics who identified as Black combination category reported races. This is more than five times in combination with one or more Black and no other race (see Table greater than the proportion report- additional races, where about two- 6). Among the 3.1 million people ing multiple races among non- thirds reported one combination, who reported that they were Black Hispanics who identified as Black Black and White. and one or more additional races, (6 percent). Most Hispanics who

12 U.S. Census Bureau Table 7. The American Indian and Alaska Native Population and Largest Multiple-Race Combinations by Hispanic or Latino Origin for the United States: 2010 (For information on confidentiality protection, nonsampling error, and definitions, see www.census.gov/prod/cen2010/doc/pl94-171.pdf) Percentage of American Race Indian and Alaska Native Number Percent in combination AMERICAN INDIAN AND ALASKA NATIVE ALONE OR IN COMBINATION Total � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 5,220,579 100�0 (X) American Indian and Alaska Native alone � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 2,932,248 56�2 (X) American Indian and Alaska Native in combination � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 2,288,331 43�8 100�0 American Indian and Alaska Native; White � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 1,432,309 27�4 62�6 American Indian and Alaska Native; Black or African American � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 269,421 5�2 11�8 American Indian and Alaska Native; White; Black or African American � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 230,848 4�4 10�1 American Indian and Alaska Native; Some Other Race � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 115,752 2�2 5�1 American Indian and Alaska Native; Asian � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 58,829 1�1 2�6 All other combinations including American Indian and Alaska Native � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 181,172 3�5 7�9

Hispanic or Latino � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 1,190,904 100�0 (X) American Indian and Alaska Native alone � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 685,150 57�5 (X) American Indian and Alaska Native in combination � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 505,754 42�5 100�0 American Indian and Alaska Native; White � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 226,385 19�0 44�8 American Indian and Alaska Native; Black or African American � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 31,571 2�7 6�2 American Indian and Alaska Native; White; Black or African American � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 50,000 4�2 9�9 American Indian and Alaska Native; Some Other Race � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 106,604 9�0 21�1 American Indian and Alaska Native; Asian � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 12,257 1�0 2�4 All other combinations including American Indian and Alaska Native � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 78,937 6�6 15�6

Not Hispanic or Latino � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 4,029,675 100�0 (X) American Indian and Alaska Native alone � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 2,247,098 55�8 (X) American Indian and Alaska Native in combination � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 1,782,577 44�2 100�0 American Indian and Alaska Native; White � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 1,205,924 29�9 67�7 American Indian and Alaska Native; Black or African American � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 237,850 5�9 13�3 American Indian and Alaska Native; White; Black or African American � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 180,848 4�5 10�1 American Indian and Alaska Native; Some Other Race � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 9,148 0�2 0�5 American Indian and Alaska Native; Asian � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 46,572 1�2 2�6 All other combinations including American Indian and Alaska Native � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 102,235 2�5 5�7 (X) Not applicable� Note: Largest combinations based on American Indian and Alaska Native in-combination population� Source: U�S� Census Bureau, 2010 Census Redistricting Data (Public Law 94-171) Summary File, Tables P1 and P2�

Nearly half of all people who and White and Black (10 percent) Alaska Native population identi- identified as American Indian were also common combinations fied as one of two combinations: and Alaska Native reported reported among this population. American Indian and Alaska multiple races. Native and White (45 percent) and Among those who identified as In 2010, 56 percent of people in American Indian and Alaska Native American Indian and Alaska Native, the American Indian and Alaska and Some Other Race (21 per- the proportion of Hispanics and Native alone-or-in-combination cat- cent). Similar to Hispanic American non-Hispanics who reported more egory reported one race (see Table Indians and Alaska Natives, 44 per- than one race was about the 7). Of the 2.3 million who reported cent of non-Hispanics who identi- same—unlike any other race group. American Indian and Alaska Native fied as American Indian and Alaska along with one or more additional There were 1.2 million people of Native reported more than one races, about 63 percent reported Hispanic origin who identified as race. However, unlike Hispanics, one combination: American Indian American Indian and Alaska Native, over two-thirds reported one and Alaska Native and White. 43 percent of whom reported multi- combination: American Indian and American Indian and Alaska Native ple races. The majority of Hispanics Alaska Native and White. and Black (12 percent) as well as who reported more than one race American Indian and Alaska Native within the American Indian and

U.S. Census Bureau 13 Among people who identified Table 8. as Asian, 15 percent reported The Asian Population and Largest Multiple-Race more than one race. Combinations by Hispanic or Latino Origin for the About 85 percent of the Asian United States: 2010 alone-or-in-combination population (For information on confidentiality protection, nonsampling error, and definitions, see reported Asian and no other race in www.census.gov/prod/cen2010/doc/pl94-171.pdf) the 2010 Census, compared to 15 Per- percent who reported Asian along centage with one or more additional races Race of Asian in (see Table 8). Of the 2.6 million com- who indicated Asian along with Number Percent bination one or more additional races, well ASIAN ALONE OR IN COMBINATION over half reported being Asian and Total � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 17,320,856 100�0 (X) White (61 percent). Asian alone � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 14,674,252 84�7 (X) Asian in combination � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 2,646,604 15�3 100�0 The majority of the 0.6 million Asian; White � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 1,623,234 9�4 61�3 people of Hispanic origin who iden- Asian; Some Other Race � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 234,462 1�4 8�9 Asian; Black or African American � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 185,595 1�1 7�0 tified as Asian alone or in combina- Asian; Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander � � � 165,690 1�0 6�3 tion reported more than one race Asian; White; Native Hawaiian and (65 percent). Among Hispanics who Other Pacific Islander � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 143,126 0�8 5�4 identified as Asian along with one All other combinations including Asian � � � � � � � � � � � � 294,497 1�7 11�1 or more additional races, the most Hispanic or Latino � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 598,146 100�0 (X) frequently reported combinations Asian alone � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 209,128 35�0 (X) Asian in combination � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 389,018 65�0 100�0 were Asian and White (35 percent) Asian; White � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 135,522 22�7 34�8 and Asian and Some Other Race Asian; Some Other Race � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 103,591 17�3 26�6 (27 percent). About 14 percent of Asian; Black or African American � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 15,451 2�6 4�0 non-Hispanics who identified as Asian; Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander � � � 16,129 2�7 4�1 Asian; White; Native Hawaiian and Asian reported multiple races— Other Pacific Islander � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 22,799 3�8 5�9 two-thirds of whom identified as All other combinations including Asian � � � � � � � � � � � � 95,526 16�0 24�6 one combination, Asian and White. Not Hispanic or Latino � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 16,722,710 100�0 (X) Asian alone � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 14,465,124 86�5 (X) Asian in combination � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 2,257,586 13�5 100�0 Asian; White � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 1,487,712 8�9 65�9 Asian; Some Other Race � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 130,871 0�8 5�8 Asian; Black or African American � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 170,144 1�0 7�5 Asian; Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander � � � 149,561 0�9 6�6 Asian; White; Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 120,327 0�7 5�3 All other combinations including Asian � � � � � � � � � � � � 198,971 1�2 8�8 (X) Not applicable� Note: Largest combinations based on Asian in-combination population� Source: U�S� Census Bureau, 2010 Census Redistricting Data (Public Law 94-171) Summary File, Tables P1 and P2�

14 U.S. Census Bureau Table 9. The Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander Population and Largest Multiple-Race Combinations by Hispanic or Latino Origin for the United States: 2010 (For information on confidentiality protection, nonsampling error, and definitions, see www.census.gov/prod/cen2010/doc/pl94-171.pdf) Percentage of Native Hawaiian Race and Other Pacific Islander Number Percent in combination NATIVE HAWAIIAN AND OTHER PACIFIC ISLANDER ALONE OR IN COMBINATION Total � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 1,225,195 100�0 (X) Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander alone � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 540,013 44�1 (X) Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander in combination � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 685,182 55�9 100�0 Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander; White � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 169,991 13�9 24�8 Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander; Asian � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 165,690 13�5 24�2 Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander; White; Asian � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 143,126 11�7 20�9 Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander; Some Other Race � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 58,981 4�8 8�6 Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander; Black or African American � � � � � � � � � � � � � 50,308 4�1 7�3 All other combinations including Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander � � � � � � � � � 97,086 7�9 14�2

Hispanic or Latino � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 210,307 100�0 (X) Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander alone � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 58,437 27�8 (X) Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander in combination � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 151,870 72�2 100�0 Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander; White � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 22,187 10�5 14�6 Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander; Asian � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 16,129 7�7 10�6 Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander; White; Asian � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 22,799 10�8 15�0 Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander; Some Other Race � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 46,909 22�3 30�9 Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander; Black or African American � � � � � � � � � � � � � 4,913 2�3 3�2 All other combinations including Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander � � � � � � � � � 38,933 18�5 25�6

Not Hispanic or Latino � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 1,014,888 100�0 (X) Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander alone � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 481,576 47�5 (X) Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander in combination � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 533,312 52�5 100�0 Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander; White � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 147,804 14�6 27�7 Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander; Asian � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 149,561 14�7 28�0 Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander; White; Asian � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 120,327 11�9 22�6 Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander; Some Other Race � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 12,072 1�2 2�3 Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander; Black or African American � � � � � � � � � � � � � 45,395 4�5 8�5 All other combinations including Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander � � � � � � � � � 58,153 5�7 10�9 (X) Not applicable� Note: Largest combinations based on Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander in-combination population� Source: U�S� Census Bureau, 2010 Census Redistricting Data (Public Law 94-171) Summary File, Tables P1 and P2�

More than half of all people category reported this race and Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific who identified as Native no other (see Table 9). Of the 0.7 Islander and Asian, and 21 percent Hawaiian and Other Pacific million who indicated Native reported Native Hawaiian and Other Islander reported multiple Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander Pacific Islander and White and races. along with one or more additional Asian—representing a fairly even About 44 percent of people in the races, 25 percent reported Native distribution of responses among Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander the largest combinations. Islander alone-or-in-combination and White, 24 percent reported

U.S. Census Bureau 15 Within the population who identi- Table 10. fied as Native Hawaiian and Other The Some Other Race Population and Largest Multiple- Pacific Islander, high proportions Race Combinations by Hispanic or Latino Origin for the of both Hispanics (72 percent) United States: 2010 and non-Hispanics (53 percent) (For information on confidentiality protection, nonsampling error, and definitions, see www.census.gov/prod/cen2010/doc/pl94-171.pdf) reported multiple races (0.2 million and 1.0 million, respectively). For Percentage of Some Hispanics, the largest combination Race Other Race was Native Hawaiian and Other in Pacific Islander and Some Other Number Percent combination SOME OTHER RACE ALONE OR IN COMBINATION Race (31 percent). Among non- Hispanics, similar proportions Total � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 21,748,084 100�0 (X) Some Other Race alone � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 19,107,368 87�9 (X) (about 28 percent each) reported Some Other Race in combination � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 2,640,716 12�1 100�0 the following: Native Hawaiian and Some Other Race; White � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 1,740,924 8�0 65�9 Some Other Race; Black or African American � � � � � � � � � � � 314,571 1�4 11�9 Other Pacific Islander and Asian Some Other Race; Asian � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 234,462 1�1 8�9 and Native Hawaiian and Other Some Other Race; American Indian and Alaska Native � � � 115,752 0�5 4�4 Pacific Islander and White. Some Other Race; Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 58,981 0�3 2�2 All other combinations including Some Other Race � � � � � � � 176,026 0�8 6�7 Hispanics made up 97 percent of all those classified as only Hispanic or Latino � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 20,714,218 100�0 (X) Some Other Race. Some Other Race alone � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 18,503,103 89�3 (X) Some Other Race in combination � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 2,211,115 10�7 100�0 Table 10 shows the Some Other Some Other Race; White � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 1,601,125 7�7 72�4 Some Other Race; Black or African American � � � � � � � � � � 227,648 1�1 10�3 Race alone-or-in-combination popu- Some Other Race; Asian � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 103,591 0�5 4�7 lation (21.7 million) by Hispanic Some Other Race; American Indian and Alaska Native � � � 106,604 0�5 4�8 Some Other Race; Native Hawaiian and origin in the United States in 2010. Other Pacific Islander � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 46,909 0�2 2�1 Respondents who were classified All other combinations including Some Other Race � � � � � � � 125,238 0�6 5�7 as Some Other Race alone repre- Not Hispanic or Latino � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 1,033,866 100�0 (X) sented the vast majority of the total Some Other Race alone � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 604,265 58�4 (X) (88 percent). Some Other Race in combination � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 429,601 41�6 100�0 Some Other Race; White � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 139,799 13�5 32�5 Some Other Race; Black or African American � � � � � � � � � � 86,923 8�4 20�2 Among the 2.6 million people Some Other Race; Asian � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 130,871 12�7 30�5 who reported multiple races that Some Other Race; American Indian and Alaska Native � � � 9,148 0�9 2�1 included Some Other Race, the Some Other Race; Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 12,072 1�2 2�8 most common combinations were All other combinations including Some Other Race � � � � � � � 50,788 4�9 11�8 Some Other Race and White (66 (X) Not applicable� percent), followed by Some Other Note: Largest combinations based on Some Other Race in-combination population� Race and Black (12 percent), Some Source: U�S� Census Bureau, 2010 Census Redistricting Data (Public Law 94-171) Summary File, Tables P1 and P2� Other Race and Asian (9 percent), Some Other Race and American Indian and Alaska Native (4 per- In the 2010 Census, approximately of Hispanic origin (18.5 million out 20.7 million people of Hispanic ori- of 19.1 million, or 97 percent). cent), and Some Other Race and gin were classified as Some Other Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific The majority of Hispanics classified Race either alone or in combina- Islander (2 percent). All other as Some Other Race reported only tion, compared with only 1 million combinations including Some Other one race (89 percent). However, people of non-Hispanic origin. Race represented 7 percent of the notable reporting differences were Nearly all of those who were classi- Some Other Race alone-or-in- observed for non-Hispanics. Among fied as Some Other Race alone were combination population. non-Hispanics who were classified as Some Other Race, about

16 U.S. Census Bureau 42 percent reported more than one to 111.9 million between 2000 and South and West between the two race (nearly four times higher than 2010 (see Table 11). This repre- decennial censuses, but at a slower their Hispanic counterparts). sented a growth of 29 percent over rate (4 percent and 3 percent, the decade. The non-Hispanic White respectively). In 2010, among Hispanics classi- alone population also grew over fied as Some Other Race in combi- The minority population in the the decade, from 194.6 million to nation with one or more additional Northeast and Midwest experienced 196.8 million; however, growth was races, the most common multiple- considerable growth between relatively slow for this population race group by far was Some Other 2000 and 2010. The minority (1 percent). Race and White (72 percent), population grew by 21 percent in followed by Some Other Race and In the four census regions, the pro- the Northeast, and the Midwest Black (10 percent). Among non- portion of the total population that minority population grew 24 per- Hispanics who were classified as was minority (proportion minority) cent. In contrast, the non-Hispanic Some Other Race and one or more ranged from about one-fifth to just White alone population in both of additional races, the most common under one-half of the total popula- these regions declined since 2000 multiple-race combinations were tion in 2010.15 The minority popu- (–3 percent in the Northeast and –1 more evenly distributed—Some lation numbered 33.9 million (47 percent in the Midwest). Other Race and White (33 percent) percent) in the West, 45.8 million and Some Other Race and Asian (40 percent) in the South, and California had the largest (31 percent). 17.3 million (31 percent) in the minority population in 2010. Northeast. In the Midwest, the In 2010, the states with the GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION minority population was 14.8 mil- largest minority populations OF THE MINORITY lion and made up 22 percent of the frequently also had the largest POPULATION total population. non-Hispanic White alone populations. California led the nation with Nearly half of the West The minority population grew in the largest minority population region’s population was every region between 2000 and (22.3 million). Texas (13.7 million), minority. 2010, but most significantly in the New York (8.1 million), Florida (7.9 In the 2010 Census, just over South and West. The South experi- million), and Illinois (4.7 million) one-third of the U.S. population enced growth of 34 percent in its round out the top five states with reported their race and ethnicity as minority population. Similar growth the largest minority populations. something other than non-Hispanic occurred in the West, with the Most of these states also had the White alone. This group, referred to minority population increasing by largest non-Hispanic White alone as the “minority” population for this 29 percent. The non-Hispanic White populations—California with 15.0 report, increased from 86.9 million alone population also grew in the million, Texas with 11.4 million, 15 The Northeast census region includes New York with 11.3 million, and Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Florida with 10.9 million. The state Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont. with the fifth-largest non-Hispanic The Midwest census region includes Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, White alone population in 2010 was Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, Pennsylvania (10.1 million). South Dakota, and Wisconsin. The South census region includes Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, the District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia. The West census region includes Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

U.S. Census Bureau 17 Table 11. Non-Hispanic White Alone Population and the Minority Population for the United States, Regions, States, and for Puerto Rico: 2000 and 2010 (For information on confidentiality protection, nonsampling error, and definitions, see www.census.gov/prod/cen2010/doc/pl94-171.pdf)

Percentage change, 2000 2010 2000 to 2010 Area Non- Per- Non- Per- Non- Hispanic centage Hispanic centage Hispanic Total White alone Minority1 minority1 Total White alone Minority1 minority1 White alone Minority1 United States � � � � � 281,421,906 194,552,774 86,869,132 30�9 308,745,538 196,817,552 111,927,986 36�3 1�2 28�8

REGION Northeast � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 53,594,378 39,327,262 14,267,116 26�6 55,317,240 38,008,094 17,309,146 31�3 –3�4 21�3 Midwest � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 64,392,776 52,386,131 12,006,645 18�6 66,927,001 52,096,633 14,830,368 22�2 –0�6 23�5 South � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 100,236,820 65,927,794 34,309,026 34�2 114,555,744 68,706,462 45,849,282 40�0 4�2 33�6 West � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 63,197,932 36,911,587 26,286,345 41�6 71,945,553 38,006,363 33,939,190 47�2 3�0 29�1

STATE Alabama � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 4,447,100 3,125,819 1,321,281 29�7 4,779,736 3,204,402 1,575,334 33�0 2�5 19�2 Alaska � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 626,932 423,788 203,144 32�4 710,231 455,320 254,911 35�9 7�4 25�5 Arizona � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 5,130,632 3,274,258 1,856,374 36�2 6,392,017 3,695,647 2,696,370 42�2 12�9 45�2 Arkansas � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 2,673,400 2,100,135 573,265 21�4 2,915,918 2,173,469 742,449 25�5 3�5 29�5 California � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 33,871,648 15,816,790 18,054,858 53�3 37,253,956 14,956,253 22,297,703 59�9 –5�4 23�5 Colorado � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 4,301,261 3,202,880 1,098,381 25�5 5,029,196 3,520,793 1,508,403 30�0 9�9 37�3 Connecticut � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 3,405,565 2,638,845 766,720 22�5 3,574,097 2,546,262 1,027,835 28�8 –3�5 34�1 Delaware � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 783,600 567,973 215,627 27�5 897,934 586,752 311,182 34�7 3�3 44�3 District of Columbia � � � � � � � � 572,059 159,178 412,881 72�2 601,723 209,464 392,259 65�2 31�6 –5�0 Florida � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 15,982,378 10,458,509 5,523,869 34�6 18,801,310 10,884,722 7,916,588 42�1 4�1 43�3

Georgia � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 8,186,453 5,128,661 3,057,792 37�4 9,687,653 5,413,920 4,273,733 44�1 5�6 39�8 Hawaii � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 1,211,537 277,091 934,446 77�1 1,360,301 309,343 1,050,958 77�3 11�6 12�5 Idaho � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 1,293,953 1,139,291 154,662 12�0 1,567,582 1,316,243 251,339 16�0 15�5 62�5 Illinois � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 12,419,293 8,424,140 3,995,153 32�2 12,830,632 8,167,753 4,662,879 36�3 –3�0 16�7 Indiana � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 6,080,485 5,219,373 861,112 14�2 6,483,802 5,286,453 1,197,349 18�5 1�3 39�0 Iowa � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 2,926,324 2,710,344 215,980 7�4 3,046,355 2,701,123 345,232 11�3 –0�3 59�8 Kansas � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 2,688,418 2,233,997 454,421 16�9 2,853,118 2,230,539 622,579 21�8 –0�2 37�0 Kentucky � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 4,041,769 3,608,013 433,756 10�7 4,339,367 3,745,655 593,712 13�7 3�8 36�9 Louisiana � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 4,468,976 2,794,391 1,674,585 37�5 4,533,372 2,734,884 1,798,488 39�7 –2�1 7�4 Maine � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 1,274,923 1,230,297 44,626 3�5 1,328,361 1,254,297 74,064 5�6 2�0 66�0

Maryland � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 5,296,486 3,286,547 2,009,939 37�9 5,773,552 3,157,958 2,615,594 45�3 –3�9 30�1 Massachusetts � � � � � � � � � � � � 6,349,097 5,198,359 1,150,738 18�1 6,547,629 4,984,800 1,562,829 23�9 –4�1 35�8 Michigan � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 9,938,444 7,806,691 2,131,753 21�4 9,883,640 7,569,939 2,313,701 23�4 –3�0 8�5 Minnesota � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 4,919,479 4,337,143 582,336 11�8 5,303,925 4,405,142 898,783 16�9 1�6 54�3 Mississippi � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 2,844,658 1,727,908 1,116,750 39�3 2,967,297 1,722,287 1,245,010 42�0 –0�3 11�5 Missouri � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 5,595,211 4,686,474 908,737 16�2 5,988,927 4,850,748 1,138,179 19�0 3�5 25�2 Montana � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 902,195 807,823 94,372 10�5 989,415 868,628 120,787 12�2 7�5 28�0 Nebraska � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 1,711,263 1,494,494 216,769 12�7 1,826,341 1,499,753 326,588 17�9 0�4 50�7 Nevada � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 1,998,257 1,303,001 695,256 34�8 2,700,551 1,462,081 1,238,470 45�9 12�2 78�1 New Hampshire � � � � � � � � � � 1,235,786 1,175,252 60,534 4�9 1,316,470 1,215,050 101,420 7�7 3�4 67�5

New Jersey � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 8,414,350 5,557,209 2,857,141 34�0 8,791,894 5,214,878 3,577,016 40�7 –6�2 25�2 New Mexico � � � � � � � � � � � � � 1,819,046 813,495 1,005,551 55�3 2,059,179 833,810 1,225,369 59�5 2�5 21�9 New York � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 18,976,457 11,760,981 7,215,476 38�0 19,378,102 11,304,247 8,073,855 41�7 –3�9 11�9 North Carolina � � � � � � � � � � � 8,049,313 5,647,155 2,402,158 29�8 9,535,483 6,223,995 3,311,488 34�7 10�2 37�9 North Dakota � � � � � � � � � � � � 642,200 589,149 53,051 8�3 672,591 598,007 74,584 11�1 1�5 40�6 Ohio � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 11,353,140 9,538,111 1,815,029 16�0 11,536,504 9,359,263 2,177,241 18�9 –1�9 20�0 Oklahoma � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 3,450,654 2,556,368 894,286 25�9 3,751,351 2,575,381 1,175,970 31�3 0�7 31�5 Oregon � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 3,421,399 2,857,616 563,783 16�5 3,831,074 3,005,848 825,226 21�5 5�2 46�4 Pennsylvania � � � � � � � � � � � � � 12,281,054 10,322,455 1,958,599 15�9 12,702,379 10,094,652 2,607,727 20�5 –2�2 33�1 Rhode Island � � � � � � � � � � � � � 1,048,319 858,433 189,886 18�1 1,052,567 803,685 248,882 23�6 –6�4 31�1

South Carolina � � � � � � � � � � � 4,012,012 2,652,291 1,359,721 33�9 4,625,364 2,962,740 1,662,624 35�9 11�7 22�3 South Dakota � � � � � � � � � � � � 754,844 664,585 90,259 12�0 814,180 689,502 124,678 15�3 3�7 38�1 Tennessee � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 5,689,283 4,505,930 1,183,353 20�8 6,346,105 4,800,782 1,545,323 24�4 6�5 30�6 Texas � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 20,851,820 10,933,313 9,918,507 47�6 25,145,561 11,397,345 13,748,216 54�7 4�2 38�6 Utah � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 2,233,169 1,904,265 328,904 14�7 2,763,885 2,221,719 542,166 19�6 16�7 64�8 Vermont � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 608,827 585,431 23,396 3�8 625,741 590,223 35,518 5�7 0�8 51�8 Virginia � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 7,078,515 4,965,637 2,112,878 29�8 8,001,024 5,186,450 2,814,574 35�2 4�4 33�2 Washington � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 5,894,121 4,652,490 1,241,631 21�1 6,724,540 4,876,804 1,847,736 27�5 4�8 48�8 West Virginia � � � � � � � � � � � � � 1,808,344 1,709,966 98,378 5�4 1,852,994 1,726,256 126,738 6�8 1�0 28�8 Wisconsin � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 5,363,675 4,681,630 682,045 12�7 5,686,986 4,738,411 948,575 16�7 1�2 39�1 Wyoming � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 493,782 438,799 54,983 11�1 563,626 483,874 79,752 14�1 10�3 45�0

Puerto Rico � � � � � � � � � � � � � 3,808,610 33,966 3,774,644 99�1 3,725,789 26,946 3,698,843 99�3 –20�7 –2�0 1 For this report, “minority” refers to people who reported their ethnicity and race as something other than non-Hispanic White alone in the decennial census� Sources: U�S� Census Bureau, Census 2000 Redistricting Data (Public Law 94-171) Summary File, Tables PL1 and PL2; and 2010 Census Redistricting Data (Public Law 94-171) Summary File, Tables P1 and P2�

18 U.S. Census Bureau Texas joined California, state’s minority population grew had about 12 percent growth the District of Columbia, 29 percent. in the non-Hispanic White alone Hawaii, and New Mexico in population. The non-Hispanic White having a “majority-minority” Nevada’s minority population alone population grew by about population. grew the fastest between 2000 10 percent in North Carolina and and 2010. In California, the District of Wyoming. Columbia, Hawaii, New Mexico, and There were a number of other The non-Hispanic White alone Texas, the population was majority- states where significant propor- population declined in 15 states minority (i.e., over 50 percent of tions of the population were minor- between 2000 and 2010. Eleven of the population was minority) in ity. The minority population in the states with declines in the non- 2010 (see Table 11). Hawaii had Arizona, Florida, Georgia, Maryland, Hispanic White alone population the highest proportion minority (77 and Nevada approached 50 per- were in the Northeast and Midwest. percent), followed by California and cent in 2010. Among these states, In particular, 6 of the 9 states in New Mexico, each with 60 percent. Nevada had the highest proportion the Northeast had declines in the California, New Mexico, and Hawaii minority (46 percent), followed by non-Hispanic White alone popula- had a majority-minority population Maryland (45 percent), Georgia (44 tion—Connecticut (–4 percent), in 2000 as well, and this population percent), and Arizona and Florida Massachusetts (–4 percent), New grew 24 percent, 22 percent, and (each about 42 percent). Jersey (–6 percent), New York (–4 13 percent, respectively, between The minority population grew in percent), Pennsylvania (–2 percent), 2000 and 2010. About 55 percent all 50 states between 2000 and and Rhode Island (–6 percent). The of Texas’ population was minor- 2010. Among all states, Nevada’s five states in the Midwest with ity in 2010, up from 48 percent in minority population increased the declines in the non-Hispanic White 2000. Over the decade, the minor- most (78 percent). Each of the five alone population were Illinois ity population in Texas grew by 39 states that had a proportion minor- (–3 percent), Iowa (–0.3 percent), percent. The District of Columbia’s ity approaching 50 percent also Kansas (–0.2 percent), Michigan population was also majority- experienced at least 30 percent (–3 percent), and Ohio (–2 per- minority (65 percent) but was down growth in this population. The cent). Fewer states in the South from 72 percent in 2000. minority population grew by 40 saw declines in the non-Hispanic In 2010, the vast majority of the percent in Georgia and by 30 per- White alone population (Louisiana, population identified as non- cent in Maryland across the decade. –2 percent; Maryland, –4 percent; Hispanic White alone in four states. Arizona’s and Florida’s minority and Mississippi, –0.3 percent). In the New England area, Maine, population increased even more California was the only state in the New Hampshire, and Vermont all (45 percent and 43 percent, respec- West with a non-Hispanic White had populations that were predomi- tively). In the District of Columbia, alone population that declined (–5 nantly non-Hispanic White alone the minority population declined by percent). (94 percent, 92 percent, and 94 5 percent. percent, respectively). The minor- In about one-tenth of all The non-Hispanic White alone ity population grew by at least counties, the minority population also experienced population composed 50 50 percent in each of these states growth between 2000 and 2010 percent or more of the total between 2000 and 2010—by 66 in 35 states and the District of population. percent in Maine, by 68 percent in Columbia. Eight states and the New Hampshire, and by 52 percent Out of 3,143 counties, there District of Columbia had non- in Vermont, which outpaced growth were 348 where at least half of Hispanic White alone populations of the non-Hispanic White alone the population was minority in that increased at least 10 percent population (2 percent, 3 percent, 2010 (see Figure 4). The minor- between the decennial censuses. and 1 percent, respectively). West ity population was concentrated The District of Columbia had the Virginia also had a predominantly in counties along the East coast largest percentage increase in the non-Hispanic White alone popula- from Massachusetts to Florida and non-Hispanic White alone population in 2010 (93 percent). While in counties within the Gulf Coast tion (32 percent), followed by Utah West Virginia’s non-Hispanic White states of Alabama, Mississippi, (17 percent), Idaho (16 percent), alone population increased by 1 and Louisiana. A band of counties and Arizona (13 percent). Hawaii, percent over the decade, the where a high proportion of the Nevada, and South Carolina all population was minority stretched

U.S. Census Bureau 19 Miles

0 50 50.0 or more 49.9 to 36.3 36.2 to 25.0 24.9 to 10.0 Less than 10.0 Percentage U.S. 36.3 percent 2010 Census , Tables P1 and P2. Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Redistricting Data (Public Law 94-171) Summary File For information on confidentiality protection, nonsampling error, and definitions, see 0 100 Miles Figure 4. (Minority refers to people who reported their ethnicity and race as something other than non-Hispanic White alone in the 2010 Census. www.census.gov/prod/cen2010/doc/pl94-171.pdf ) Minority Population as a Percentage ofCounty Population: 2010 0 200 Miles 0 100 Miles

20 U.S. Census Bureau Miles

0 50 Fewer than 1,000 minority 1,000 than Fewer 57.6 or more 57.5 to 28.8 0.0 to 28.7 –0.1 to –9.9 Less than –9.9 Not comparable Percentage change U.S. 28.8 change 2010 2010 Census 2000 2000 Census ) , Tables PL1 and PL2; and and PL2; and PL1 Tables , P2. and P1 Tables , Sources: U.S. Census Bureau, Bureau, Census U.S. Sources: 94-171) Law (Public Data Redistricting File Summary 94-171) Law (Public Data Redistricting Census File Summary For information on confidentiality protection, nonsampling error, and definitions, 0 100 Miles Figure 5. (Counties with a minority population of at least 1,000are included inthe map. Minority refers to people who reported their ethnicity and race as something other than non-Hispanic White alone in the decennial census. see www.census.gov/prod/cen2010/doc/pl94-171.pdf Percentage Change in Minority Population by County: 2000 to 2010

0 100 Miles 0 100 Miles

U.S. Census Bureau 21 across the southwest through the Mississippi, as well as in central Bureau will release additional infor- states lining the U.S.-Mexico border and western Alabama. mation on race and Hispanic origin (Texas, New Mexico, Arizona, and population groups, which will pro- California). Additionally, counties in SUMMARY vide more insights to the nation’s states along the Pacific coast, and This report presented data from the racial and ethnic diversity. in Hawaii and Alaska, also had high 2010 Census that illustrated the ABOUT THE 2010 CENSUS proportions of the population that nation’s changing racial and ethnic were minority. diversity. The examination of racial Why was the 2010 Census In 2010, there were 1,205 coun- and ethnic group distributions conducted? nationally shows that while the ties where less than 10 percent of The U.S. Constitution mandates non-Hispanic White alone popula- the population was minority. The that a census be taken in the tion is still numerically and propor- majority of these counties were United States every 10 years. This tionally the largest major race and located in Appalachia, in the upper is required in order to determine ethnic group in the United States, Northeast, and in the central and the number of seats each state it is also growing at the slowest upper Midwest. is to receive in the U.S. House of rate. During the past 10 years, Representatives. Growth in the minority it has been the Hispanic popula- population occurred in many tion and the Asian population that Why did the 2010 Census ask counties across the nation. have grown considerably, in part the questions on Hispanic The map in Figure 5 illustrates the due to relatively higher levels of origin and race? percentage change in the minor- immigration. The Census Bureau collects data on ity population between 2000 and Additional notable trends were Hispanic origin and race to fulfill a 2010 for counties with a minor- presented in this report. The Black variety of legislative and program ity population of at least 1,000 in population, the second-largest requirements. Data on Hispanic 2010. Minority population growth major race group, did experience origin and race are used in the leg- was concentrated in counties growth over the decade; however, islative redistricting process carried in the Pacific Northwest, Pacific it grew at a slower rate than all out by the states and in monitoring Southwest, western Arizona, other major race groups except for local jurisdictions’ compliance with southern Nevada, and areas of White. Racial classification issues the Voting Rights Act. More broadly, the interior West. Counties in the continue to persist among those data on Hispanic origin and race mid-Atlantic corridor, Florida, and who identify as Hispanic, resulting are critical for research that under- in clusters throughout the south- in a substantial proportion of that lies many policy decisions at all eastern states also had significant levels of government. growth in their minority population. population being categorized as Additionally, multiple groupings of Some Other Race. People reporting more than one race was another How do data from the question counties in Texas, northern Illinois, on Hispanic origin and race fast-growing population and made southern Wisconsin, and southern benefit me, my family, and my Minnesota experienced substantial up large proportions of the community? growth in their minority population American Indian and Alaska Native All levels of government need between 2000 and 2010. population and Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander popula- information on Hispanic origin There were 53 counties with a tion. Geographically, there are a and race to implement and evalu- minority population of at least number of areas, particularly in the ate programs, or enforce laws, 1,000 that experienced a decline South and West, that have large such as the Civil Rights Act, Voting of at least 10 percent in their proportions minority, which also Rights Act, Fair Housing Act, Equal minority population between 2000 grew considerably between 2000 Employment Opportunity Act, and and 2010. Many of these counties and 2010. Overall, the U.S. popu- the 2010 Census Redistricting Data were located along the Mississippi lation has become more racially Program. River in Arkansas, Louisiana, and and ethnically diverse over time. Both public and private organiza- Throughout the decade, the Census tions use Hispanic origin and race

22 U.S. Census Bureau information to find areas where Information on confidentiality pro- Alaska Native, Asian, and Native groups may need special services tection, nonsampling error, Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander and to plan and implement educa- and definitions is available at populations. tion, housing, health, and other . and housing topics is presented For example, a school system Data on race and Hispanic origin in the 2010 Census Briefs series, might use this information to from the 2010 Census Redistricting located on the Census Bureau’s Web design cultural activities that reflect Data (Public Law 94-171) Summary site at . This series presents a business could use it to select the state basis. The 2010 Census redis- information about race, Hispanic mix of merchandise it will sell in a tricting data are available on the origin, age, sex, household type, new store. Census information also Internet at and on reside in group quarters. dents might need services of par- DVD. ticular importance to certain racial For more information about the or ethnic groups, such as screening For more information on specific 2010 Census, including data prod- for hypertension or diabetes. race and ethnic groups in the ucts, call the Customer Services United States, go to and click on “Minority can also visit the Census Bureau’s For more information on race and Links.” This Web page includes Question and Answer Center at Hispanic origin in the United information about the 2010 Census to submit your States, visit the Census Bureau’s and provides links to reports questions online. Internet site at and economic characteristics of the . American, American Indian and

U.S. Census Bureau 23 Contents INTRODUCTION 1 UNDERSTANDING RACE AND HISPANIC ORIGIN DATA FROM THE 2010 CENSUS 1 The 2010 Census used established federal standards to collect and present data on race and Hispanic origin. 1 Definition of Hispanic or Latino Origin Used in the 2010 Census 2 Hispanic Origin 2 Race 2 RACE AND HISPANIC ORIGIN IN THE 2010 CENSUS 3 More than half of the growth in the total population of the United States between 2000 and 2010 was due to the increase in the Hispanic population. 3 Definition of Race Categories Used in the 2010 Census 3 The overwhelming majority of the total population of the United States reported only one race in 2010. 4 The Asian population grew faster than any other major race group between 2000 and 2010. 4 The Hispanic population predominantly identified as either White or Some Other Race. 5 Native Hawaiians and Other Pacific Islanders and American Indians and Alaska Natives were more likely than other groups to report multiple races. 6 Most people who reported multiple races provided exactly two races in 2010; White and Black was the largest multiple-race combination. 8 Different multiple-race reporting patterns occurred for Hispanics and non-His- panics. 8 People who identified as White were the most likely to report only one race. 10 Within the population who identified as Black, Hispanics were more likely to report multiple races than non-Hispanics. 12 Nearly half of all people who identified as American Indian and Alaska Native reported multiple races. 13 Among people who identified as Asian, 15 percent reported more than one race. 14 More than half of all people who identified as Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander reported multiple races. 15 Hispanics made up 97 percent of all those classified as only Some Other Race. 16 GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION OF THE MINORITY POPULATION 17 Nearly half of the West region’s population was minority. 17 California had the largest minority population in 2010. 17 Texas joined California, the District of Columbia, Hawaii, and New Mexico in having a “majority-minority” population. 19 Nevada’s minority population grew the fastest between 2000 and 2010. 19 In about one-tenth of all counties, the minority population composed 50 percent or more of the total population. 19 Growth in the minority population occurred in many counties across the nation. 22 SUMMARY 22 ABOUT THE 2010 CENSUS 22 Why was the 2010 Census conducted? 22 Why did the 2010 Census ask the questions on Hispanic origin and race? 22 How do data from the question on Hispanic origin and race benefit me, my family, and my community? 22 FOR MORE INFORMATION 23