Biologic Markers in Immunotoxicology.Pdf

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Biologic Markers in Immunotoxicology.Pdf http://www.nap.edu/catalog/1591.html We ship printed books within 1 business day; personal PDFs are available immediately. Biologic Markers in Immunotoxicology Subcommittee on Immunotoxicology, Committee on Biologic Markers, Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology, National Research Council ISBN: 0-309-59504-5, 224 pages, 7 x 10, (1992) This PDF is available from the National Academies Press at: http://www.nap.edu/catalog/1591.html Visit the National Academies Press online, the authoritative source for all books from the National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering, the Institute of Medicine, and the National Research Council: • Download hundreds of free books in PDF • Read thousands of books online for free • Explore our innovative research tools – try the “Research Dashboard” now! • Sign up to be notified when new books are published • Purchase printed books and selected PDF files Thank you for downloading this PDF. If you have comments, questions or just want more information about the books published by the National Academies Press, you may contact our customer service department toll- free at 888-624-8373, visit us online, or send an email to [email protected]. This book plus thousands more are available at http://www.nap.edu. Copyright © National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. Unless otherwise indicated, all materials in this PDF File are copyrighted by the National Academy of Sciences. Distribution, posting, or copying is strictly prohibited without written permission of the National Academies Press. Request reprint permission for this book. ue r i ease l P are t ed. insert age breaks ally P Biologic Markers in iles. ng f i t Immunotoxicology peset y http://www.nap.edu/catalog/1591.html Biologic MarkersinImmunotoxicology y have been accident a m he original t t Subcommittee on Immunotoxicology errors om r f Committee on Biologic Markers not Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology pographic y t Commission on Life Sciences e National Research Council som and riginal paper book, ned, i a he o t om r f be ret ed Copyright © National Academy ofSciences. Allrights reserved. cannot creat iles L f M X however, ng, i om t r f at rm o posed ic f ng-specif ion. i t been recom ibut r t has peset y t r at o f her and ot original work e ive version h t at yles, horit ion of at he aut heading st as t represent ion l a digit publicat word breaks, is hs, h t is new h of T ile: f NATIONAL ACADEMY PRESS line lengt F version D Washington, D.C. 1992 is P h t he print t he original; t bout o A use t ue r ii ease l P are t ed. NATIONAL ACADEMY PRESS 2101 Constitution Ave., N.W. Washington, D.C. 20418 NOTICE: The project that is the subject of this report was approved by the Governing Board of the National Research Council, whose insert members are drawn from the councils of the National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering, and the Institute of age breaks ally Medicine. The members of the committee responsible for the report were chosen for their special competencies and with regard for appropri- P ate balance. iles. This report has been reviewed by a group other than the authors according to procedures approved by a Report Review Committee con- sisting of members of the National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering, and the Institute of Medicine. ng f i t The National Academy of Sciences is a private, nonprofit, self-perpetuating society of distinguished scholars engaged in scientific and engineering research, dedicated to the furtherance of science and technology and to their use for the general welfare. Upon the authority of peset the charter granted to it by the Congress in 1863, the Academy has a mandate that requires it to advise the federal government on scientific y and technical matters. Dr. Frank Press is president of the National Academy of Sciences. The National Academy of Engineering was established in 1964, under the charter of the National Academy of Sciences, as a parallel http://www.nap.edu/catalog/1591.html Biologic MarkersinImmunotoxicology y have been accident a organization of outstanding engineers. It is autonomous in its administration and in the selection of its members, sharing with the National m Academy Sciences the responsibility for advising the federal government. The National Academy of Engineering also sponsors engineering he original t programs aimed at meeting national needs, encourages education and research, and recognizes the superior achievements of engineers. Dr. t Robert M. White is president of the National Academy of Engineering. errors om r The Institute of Medicine was established in 1970 by the National Academy of Sciences to secure the services of eminent members of f appropriate professions in the examination of policy matters pertaining to the health of the public. The Institute acts under the responsibility not given to the National Academy of Sciences by its congressional charter to be an adviser to the federal government and, upon its own initia- tive, to identify issues of medical care, research, and education. Dr. Kenneth Shine is president of the Institute of Medicine. pographic y t The National Research Council was organized by the National Academy of Sciences in 1916 to associate the broad community of sci- e ence and technology with the Academy’s purposes of furthering knowledge and advising the federal government. Functioning in accordance with general policies determined by the Academy, the Council has become the principal operating agency of both the National Academy of som Sciences and the National Academy of Engineering in providing services to the government, the public, and the scientific and engineering communities. The Council is administered jointly by both Academies and the Institute of Medicine. Dr. Frank Press and Dr. Robert M. White and are chairman and vice chairman, respectively, of the National Research Council. riginal paper book, The project was supported by the Environmental Protection Agency; the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences; and the ned, i a he o Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act Trust Fund through cooperative agreement with the Agency for t Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, U.S. Public Health Service, Department of Health and Human Services. om Library of Congress Catalog Card Number 91-67588 r f be ret ed International Standard Book Number 0-309-04389-1 Additional copies of this report are available from the National Academy Press, 2101 Constitution Avenue, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20418 Copyright © National Academy ofSciences. Allrights reserved. cannot creat S538 iles Printed in the United States of America L f First Printing, February 1992 M Second Printing, June 1992 X however, Third Printing, July 1992 ng, i om t r Fourth Printing, October 1992 f at Fifth Printing, January 1996 rm o posed ic f ng-specif ion. i t been recom ibut r t has peset y t r at o f her and ot original work e ive version h t at yles, horit ion of at he aut heading st as t represent ion l a digit publicat word breaks, is hs, h t is new h of T ile: f line lengt F version D is P h t he print t he original; t bout o A use t ue r iii ease l P are t ed. insert Subcommittee on Immunotoxicology age breaks ally P DAVID W. TALMAGE, Chairman, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver iles. DAVID E. BICE, Lovelace Inhalation Toxicology Research Institute, Albuquerque ng f i t JOHN CHARLES BLOOM, Lilly Research Laboratories, Greenfield, IN LOREN D. KOLLER, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis peset y MICHAEL E. LAMM, Institute of Pathology Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland MICHAEL I. LUSTER, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park http://www.nap.edu/catalog/1591.html Biologic MarkersinImmunotoxicology y have been accident a WILLIAM J. MEGGS, East Carolina School of Medicine, Greenville, NC m ALBERT E. MUNSON, Medical College of Virginia, Richmond he original t t KATHLEEN E. RODGERS, Livingston Laboratories, Los Angeles errors om r NOEL R. ROSE, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore f PAUL A. SCHULTE, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati not CURTIS C. TRAVIS, Office of Risk Analysis, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge pographic y t ERNEST S. TUCKER, California Pacific Medical Center, San Francisco e ROBERT F. VOGT, JR., Centers for Disease Control, Atlanta THOMAS A. WALDMANN, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD som and riginal paper book, Technical Adviser ned, i a he o t GARY R. BURLESON, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park om r f be ret ed Staff Copyright © National Academy ofSciences. Allrights reserved. cannot creat RICHARD D. THOMAS, Program Director iles ROBERT P. BELILES, Program Officer L f M MARVIN A. SCHNEIDERMAN, Senior Staff Scientist X however, KATE KELLY, Editor ng, i om t r RUTH E. CROSSGROVE, Information Specialist f at rm DANIELLE CORRIVEAU, Project Assistant (until 1/91) o posed JOYCE WALZ, Project Assistant ic f Sponsors ng-specif ion. i t been recom National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease ibut r t has peset National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences y t r at o U.S. Environmental Protection Agency f her U.S. Public Health Service, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry and ot original work e ive version h t at yles, horit ion of at he aut heading st as t represent ion l a digit publicat word breaks, is hs, h t is new h of T ile: f line lengt F version D is P h t he print t he original; t bout o A use t ue r iv ease l P are t ed.
Recommended publications
  • Aldrich Raman
    Aldrich Raman Library Listing – 14,033 spectra This library represents the most comprehensive collection of FT-Raman spectral references available. It contains many common chemicals found in the Aldrich Handbook of Fine Chemicals. To create the Aldrich Raman Condensed Phase Library, 14,033 compounds found in the Aldrich Collection of FT-IR Spectra Edition II Library were excited with an Nd:YVO4 laser (1064 nm) using laser powers between 400 - 600 mW, measured at the sample. A Thermo FT-Raman spectrometer (with a Ge detector) was used to collect the Raman spectra. The spectra were saved in Raman Shift format. Aldrich Raman Index Compound Name Index Compound Name 4803 ((1R)-(ENDO,ANTI))-(+)-3- 4246 (+)-3-ISOPROPYL-7A- BROMOCAMPHOR-8- SULFONIC METHYLTETRAHYDRO- ACID, AMMONIUM SALT PYRROLO(2,1-B)OXAZOL-5(6H)- 2207 ((1R)-ENDO)-(+)-3- ONE, BROMOCAMPHOR, 98% 12568 (+)-4-CHOLESTEN-3-ONE, 98% 4804 ((1S)-(ENDO,ANTI))-(-)-3- 3774 (+)-5,6-O-CYCLOHEXYLIDENE-L- BROMOCAMPHOR-8- SULFONIC ASCORBIC ACID, 98% ACID, AMMONIUM SALT 11632 (+)-5-BROMO-2'-DEOXYURIDINE, 2208 ((1S)-ENDO)-(-)-3- 97% BROMOCAMPHOR, 98% 11634 (+)-5-FLUORODEOXYURIDINE, 769 ((1S)-ENDO)-(-)-BORNEOL, 99% 98+% 13454 ((2S,3S)-(+)- 11633 (+)-5-IODO-2'-DEOXYURIDINE, 98% BIS(DIPHENYLPHOSPHINO)- 4228 (+)-6-AMINOPENICILLANIC ACID, BUTANE)(N3-ALLYL)PD(II) CL04, 96% 97 8167 (+)-6-METHOXY-ALPHA-METHYL- 10297 ((3- 2- NAPHTHALENEACETIC ACID, DIMETHYLAMINO)PROPYL)TRIPH 98% ENYL- PHOSPHONIUM BROMIDE, 12586 (+)-ANDROSTA-1,4-DIENE-3,17- 99% DIONE, 98% 13458 ((R)-(+)-2,2'- 963 (+)-ARABINOGALACTAN BIS(DIPHENYLPHOSPHINO)-1,1'-
    [Show full text]
  • WEST VIRGINIA LEGISLATURE House Bill 2526
    WEST VIRGINIA LEGISLATURE 2017 REGULAR SESSION ENROLLED Committee Substitute for House Bill 2526 BY DELEGATES ELLINGTON, SUMMERS, SOBONYA AND ROHRBACH [Passed April 8, 2017; in effect ninety days from passage.] Enr. CS for HB 2526 1 AN ACT to amend and reenact §60A-2-201, §60A-2-204, §60A-2-206, §60A-2-210 and §60A-2- 2 212 of the Code of West Virginia, 1931, as amended, all relating to classifying additional 3 drugs to Schedules I, II, IV and V of controlled substances; and adding a provision relating 4 to the scheduling of a cannabidiol in a product approved by the Food and Drug 5 Administration. Be it enacted by the Legislature of West Virginia: 1 That §60A-2-201, §60A-2-204, §60A-2-206, §60A-2-210 and §60A-2-212 of the Code of 2 West Virginia, 1931, as amended, be amended and reenacted, all to read as follows: ARTICLE 2. STANDARDS AND SCHEDULES. §60A-2-201. Authority of state Board of Pharmacy; recommendations to Legislature. 1 (a) The state Board of Pharmacy shall administer the provisions of this chapter. It shall 2 also, on the first day of each regular legislative session, recommend to the Legislature which 3 substances should be added to or deleted from the schedules of controlled substances contained 4 in this article or reschedule therein. The state Board of Pharmacy shall also have the authority 5 between regular legislative sessions, on an emergency basis, to add to or delete from the 6 schedules of controlled substances contained in this article or reschedule such substances based 7 upon the recommendations and approval of the federal food, drug and cosmetic agency, and shall 8 report such actions on the first day of the regular legislative session immediately following said 9 actions.
    [Show full text]
  • Effects of Nitric Oxide Synthase Inhibitors on Equine and Bovine Follicular Dynamics and Steroidogenesis
    Louisiana State University LSU Digital Commons LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses Graduate School 2001 Effects of Nitric Oxide Synthase Inhibitors on Equine and Bovine Follicular Dynamics and Steroidogenesis. Carlos Roberto fontes Pinto Louisiana State University and Agricultural & Mechanical College Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_disstheses Recommended Citation Pinto, Carlos Roberto fontes, "Effects of Nitric Oxide Synthase Inhibitors on Equine and Bovine Follicular Dynamics and Steroidogenesis." (2001). LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses. 430. https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_disstheses/430 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at LSU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses by an authorized administrator of LSU Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. INFORMATION TO USERS This manuscript has been reproduced from the microfilm master. UMI films the text directly from the original or copy submitted. Thus, some thesis and dissertation copies are in typewriter face, while others may be from any type of computer printer. The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleedthrough, substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversely affect reproduction. In the unlikely event that the author did not send UMI a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyright material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Oversize materials (e.g., maps, drawings, charts) are reproduced by sectioning the original, beginning at the upper left-hand comer and continuing from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps.
    [Show full text]
  • ATSDR Case Studies in Environmental Medicine Nitrate/Nitrite Toxicity
    ATSDR Case Studies in Environmental Medicine Nitrate/Nitrite Toxicity Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry Case Studies in Environmental Medicine (CSEM) Nitrate/Nitrite Toxicity Course: WB2342 CE Original Date: December 5, 2013 CE Renewal Date: December 5, 2015 CE Expiration Date: December 5, 2017 Key • Nitrate toxicity is a preventable cause of Concepts methemoglobinemia. • Infants younger than 4 months of age are at particular risk of nitrate toxicity from contaminated well water. • The widespread use of nitrate fertilizers increases the risk of well-water contamination in rural areas. About This and This educational case study document is one in a series of Other Case self-instructional modules designed to increase the Studies in primary care provider’s knowledge of hazardous Environmental substances in the environment and to promote the Medicine adoption of medical practices that aid in the evaluation and care of potentially exposed patients. The complete series of Case Studies in Environmental Medicine is located on the ATSDR Web site at URL: http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/csem/csem.html In addition, the downloadable PDF version of this educational series and other environmental medicine materials provides content in an electronic, printable format. Acknowledgements We gratefully acknowledge the work of the medical writers, editors, and reviewers in producing this educational resource. Contributors to this version of the Case Study in Environmental Medicine are listed below. Please Note: Each content expert for this case study has indicated that there is no conflict of interest that would bias the case study content. CDC/ATSDR Author(s): Kim Gehle MD, MPH CDC/ATSDR Planners: Charlton Coles, Ph.D.; Kimberly Gehle, MD; Sharon L.
    [Show full text]
  • Continuous-Flow Production of Alkyl Nitrites, Originally Designed by BIOS Chemicals
    FLOW CHEMISTRY Industry Perspective ● Peer reviewed Jean-Christophe M. Continuous-flow production Monbaliu of alkyl nitrites JEAN-CHRISTOPHE M. MONBALIU1*, JEREMY JORDA2, BÉRENGÈRE CHEVALIER2, CHRISTIAN V. STEVENS1, BERNARD MORVAN3 *Corresponding author 1. Ghent University, SynBioC Research Group, Department of Sustainable Organic Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Coupure links 653, Gent, B-9000, Belgium 2. CORNING S.A.S, Corning European Technology Center, Avenue de Valvins 7 bis, Avon, F-77210, France 3. BIOS Chemicals, Plateforme technologique DELTA Sud, Verniolle, F- 09340, France the oxidation of olefins (6f, 7c). Recent publications reported ABSTRACT their use for the production of diazonium intermediates in the Alkyl nitrites are important building blocks for the chemical continuous production of synthesis of azo dyes (6c). and pharmaceutical industries. In this article, we report a case study for the continuous-flow production of alkyl nitrites, originally designed by BIOS Chemicals. The PREPARATION OF ALKYL NITRITES intrinsic advantages of a Corning® Advanced-Flow™ reactor system, including high versatility, high mixing, and Numerous methods have been developed at the lab scale heat-exchange efficiency under corrosive conditions, for preparing alkyl nitrites from alcohols: esterification with allowed the development of an economically viable and nitrous acid; transesterification from tert-butyl nitrite (8a) or from user-friendly process in a short period of time, leading to N-nitrosoamines (8b); and nitrosation with various nitrosating a throughput of 10t/year of processed material with high agents such as nitrosyl chloride (8c). Thiols and trimethylsilyl ethers purity (93-98 percent). can also be transformed in the corresponding nitrites (8d). Industrial processes can be divided into two categories: (a) 50 liquid phase processes and (b) vapour phase processes.
    [Show full text]
  • Immunotoxic Impact of Pharmaceuticals on Harbor Seal (Phoca Vitulina) Leukocytes
    Université du Québec Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique Centre Institut Armand-Frappier Immunotoxic Impact of Pharmaceuticals on Harbor Seal (Phoca vitulina) Leukocytes Par Christine Kleinert Thèse présentée pour l’obtention du grade de Philosophiae doctor (Ph.D.) en Biologie Jury d’évaluation Président du jury et Cathy Vaillancourt examinateur interne INRS-Institut Armand-Frappier Examinateur externe André Lajeunesse Dép. de chimie-biochimie et physique Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières Examinateur externe Daniel Martineau Dép. de pathologie et microbiologie Faculté de médecine vétérinaire Université de Montréal Directeur de recherche Michel Fournier INRS-Institut Armand-Frappier Codirecteur de recherche Sylvain De Guise Department of Pathobiology University of Connecticut © Droits réservés de Christine Kleinert, 2017 This thesis is dedicated to the seals of Eastern Canada. I love you dearly. 0 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS First and foremost, none of this work would have been possible without the financial support of the Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique-Institut Armand-Frappier and the Canada Research Chair in Immunotoxicology (obtained by Prof. Michel Fournier). I was personally also supported by the German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD) and the Fondation Armand- Frappier with one-year scholarships and would like to thank these organizations. Secondly, I would like to thank my supervisors Michel Fournier and Sylvain De Guise. Thank you, Michel, for giving me the freedom to develop my own project, and follow my personal research interest. I was able to grow and develop my independence as a researcher in your laboratory. Thank you also for financing my attendance in nine national and international conferences. The exchange with other researchers in the field was an invaluable asset.
    [Show full text]
  • A Textbook of Modern Toxicology
    A TEXTBOOK OF MODERN TOXICOLOGY THIRD EDITION A TEXTBOOK OF MODERN TOXICOLOGY THIRD EDITION Edited by Ernest Hodgson Department of Environmental and Biochemical Toxicology North Carolina State University A JOHN WILEY & SONS, INC., PUBLICATION Copyright 2004 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, New Jersey. Published simultaneously in Canada. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, scanning, or otherwise, except as permitted under Section 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act, without either the prior written permission of the Publisher, or authorization through payment of the appropriate per-copy fee to the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc., 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, 978-750-8400, fax 978-646-8600, or on the web at www.copyright.com. Requests to the Publisher for permission should be addressed to the Permissions Department, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 111 River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030, (201) 748-6011, fax (201) 748-6008. Limit of Liability/Disclaimer of Warranty: While the publisher and author have used their best efforts in preparing this book, they make no representations or warranties with respect to the accuracy or completeness of the contents of this book and specifically disclaim any implied warranties of merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose. No warranty may be created or extended by sales representatives or written sales materials. The advice and strategies contained herein may not be suitable for your situation. You should consult with a professional where appropriate.
    [Show full text]
  • Xenobiotics: an Essential Precursor for Living System
    American Journal of Advanced Drug Delivery www.ajadd.co.uk Review Article Xenobiotics: An Essential Precursor for Living System Dhaval K. Patel* and Dr. Dhrubo Jyoti Sen Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Shri Sarvajanik Pharmacy College, Gujarat Technological University, Arvind Baug, Mehsana-384001, Gujarat, India Date of Receipt- 20/07/2013 ABSTRACT Date of Revision- 22/07/2013 Date of Acceptance- 24/07/2013 A xenobiotic is a chemical which is found in an organism but which is not normally produced or expected to be present in it. It can also cover substances which are present in much higher concentrations than are usual. Specifically, drugs such as antibiotics are xenobiotics in humans because the human body does not produce them itself, nor are they part of a normal diet. Natural compounds can also become xenobiotics if they are taken up by another organism, such as the uptake of natural human hormones by fish found downstream of sewage treatment plant outfalls, or the chemical defenses produced by some organisms as protection against predators. Xenobiotic metabolism is the set of metabolic pathways that modify the chemical structure of xenobiotics. In general, drugs are metabolized more Address for slowly in fetal, neonatal and elderly humans and animals than in Correspondence adults. The body removes xenobiotics by xenobiotic metabolism. Department of This consists of the deactivation and the excretion of xenobiotics and Pharmaceutical happens mostly in the liver. Excretion routes are urine, feces, breath, Chemistry, Shri and sweat. Hepatic enzymes are responsible for the metabolism of Sarvajanik Pharmacy xenobiotics by first activating them (oxidation, reduction, hydrolysis College, Gujarat and/or hydration of the xenobiotic) and then conjugating the active Technological secondary metabolite with glucuronic or sulphuric acid, or University, Arvind glutathione followed by excretion in bile or urine.
    [Show full text]
  • Synthesis of Novel Nitric Oxide Donors and Prodrugs of 5- Fluorouracil
    SYNTHESIS OF NOVEL NITRIC OXIDE DONORS AND PRODRUGS OF 5- FLUOROURACIL DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Tingwei Cai, M.S. ***** The Ohio State University 2005 Dissertation Committee: Approved by Professor Peng George Wang, Advisor Professor Robert S. Coleman _________________________________ Professor Matthew S. Platz Advisor Graduate Program in Chemistry ABSTRACT This dissertation describes my Ph.D. work that focused on the synthesis and evaluation of novel nitric oxide donors, and the synthesis of derivatives of 5-fluorouracil. In chapter 1, a series of alkyl and aryl N-hydroxyguanidines were synthesized and demonstrated to act as substrates of nitric oxide synthases (NOS). The discovery of these non-amino acid hydroxyguanidines as novel substrates also led to the discovery of a novel-binding mode of NOS. In chapter 2, in order to achieve site specific delivery of nitric oxide (NO), a new class of glycosidase activated NO donors has been developed. Glucose and galactose were covalently coupled to 3-morphorlinosydnonimine (SIN-1), a mesoionic heterocyclic NO donor, via a carbamate linkage at the anomeric position. The β-glycosides were successfully prepared for these conjugates, while the α glycosidic compounds were very unstable. The new stable sugar-NO conjugates could release NO in the presence of glycosidases. Such NO prodrugs may be used as enzyme activated NO donors in biomedical research. In chapter 3, a new sialated diazeniumdiolate has been synthesized and the glycosylation product was exclusively an α anomer. This new nitric oxide donor exhibited significantly improved stability as compared to its parent diazeniumdiolate salts and it ii could be efficiently hydrolyzed by neuraminidase to release nitric oxide with a Km of 0.14 mM.
    [Show full text]
  • Poppers Maculopathy to 000015) Were Inserted Regarding the Presence of Visual Date
    Original article BMJ Open Ophth: first published as 10.1136/bmjophth-2016-000015 on 25 January 2017. Downloaded from The prevalence of visual symptoms in poppers users: a global survey Andrew J Davies,1 Rohan Borschmann,2,3 Simon P Kelly,4 John Ramsey,5 Jason Ferris,6 Adam R Winstock7 To cite: Davies AJ, ABSTRACT Key messages Borschmann R, Kelly SP, Introduction and aims: The use of ‘poppers’ et al. The prevalence of (volatile alkyl nitrites) has been associated with the visual symptoms in poppers What is already known about this subject? development of visual symptoms secondary to the users: a global survey. BMJ " Specific macular features associated with Open Ophth 2016;1:1–6. development of maculopathy. There are currently no poppers abuse have been reported and are doi:10.1136/bmjophth-2016- data regarding the prevalence of this condition among increasingly recognised by retinal specialists on 000015 poppers users. The aim of this study was to quantify clinical imaging. " Prepublication history and the presence of visual symptoms among poppers What are the new findings? additional material is users from a global cohort. " This global study provides descriptive data on available. To view please visit Design and methods: The Global Drug Survey the visual symptoms that poppers users may the journal (http://dx.doi.org/ (GDS) conducts annual anonymous online surveys of experience. We also provide a review of all 10.1136/bmjophth-2016- drug and alcohol use. Within the 2012 GDS, questions published cases of poppers maculopathy to 000015) were inserted regarding the presence of visual date.
    [Show full text]
  • Amyl Nitrate Is Also Referred to As
    Amyl Nitrate Is Also Referred To As Vitreum Jared browsed her hoovers so downright that Shane disguisings very astringently. Treeless soand septennially ascitic Christof or misteach always recreate any unrestraints much and meteorologically. hogties his ranches. Exarate Micheal never overpeopled Initial epidemiologic studies indicated that gentle use of inhalant drugs such as amyl nitrite isobutyl nitrite IBN and butyl nitrite may raise a risk factor for acquired. Using amyl nitrate from. Users often also referred to amyl nitrite. What are Poppers Where they even Be Purchased and Dangers. Can nitrates be added to a sign schedule or allow scripting from sexual health practitioners? Clinical and nitrates. Using too much amyl nitrite may prefer a dangerous overdose If regular medicine does science seem fine be plenty as old after money have used it require a while check been your doctor to not pocket the dose on my own. The patient was maintained in the method is common are swallowed, that pushed underground into the fumes for example, dizziness and severity of aids in. Alkyl nitrates also refers to amyl is our patient had thrombocytopenia, with reference entry into phosgene and levels can potentially deadly substance choice for. Amyl nitrite Rx Medscape Reference. Burroughs wellcome and to as literature, but notthat of the manufacturing nitroglycerin or vitals and sometimes serious lung metabolism. Nitrite are two very similar to psychological withdrawal is not result in these products to dilate the rat by particular sections of subjects. The nitrate is to nitrates are referred to browse this? Diseases and contaminants: nitrate and drinking water or private wells.
    [Show full text]
  • Health Hazards of Nitrite Inhalants, 83
    Health Hazards of Nitrite Inhalants U.S. DEPARMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES • Public Health Service • Alcohol, Drug Abuse, and Mental Health Administration Health Hazards of Nitrite Inhalants Editors: Harry W. Haverkos, M.D. Divlsion of Clinical Research National Institute on Drug Abuse John A. Dougherty, Ph.D. Veterans Administration Medical Center Lexington, KY NIDA Research Monograph 83 1988 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES Public Health Service Alcohol, Drug Abuse, and Mental Health Administration National Institute on Drug Abuse 5500 Fishers Lane Rockville, MD 20857 For Sale by the Superitendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office Washington, DC 20402 NIDA Research Monographs are prepared by the research divisions of the National Institute on Drug Abuse and published by its Office of Science. The primary objective of the series is to provide critical reviews of research problem areas and techniques, the content of state-of-the-art conferences, and integrative research reviews. Its dual publication emphasis is rapid and targeted dissemination to the scientific and professional community. Editorial Advisors MARTIN W. ADLER, Ph.D. MARY L. JACOBSON Temple Universlty School of Medicine National Federation of Parents for Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Drug-Free Youth Omaha, Nebraska SYDNEY ARCHER, Ph.D. Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute Troy, New York REESE T. JONES, M.D. Langley Porter Neuropsychiatric lnstitute RICHARD E. BELLEVILLE, Ph.D. San Francisco, California NB Associates, Health Sciences RockviIle, Maryland DENISE KANDEL, Ph.D. KARST J. BESTEMAN College of Physicians and Surgeons of Alcohol and Drug Problems Association Columbia University of North America New York, New York Washington, D.C GILBERT J.
    [Show full text]