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Effects of Nitric Oxide Synthase Inhibitors on Equine and Bovine Follicular Dynamics and Steroidogenesis

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Effects of Nitric Oxide Synthase Inhibitors on Equine and Bovine Follicular Dynamics and Steroidogenesis Louisiana State University LSU Digital Commons LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses Graduate School 2001 Effects of Nitric Oxide Synthase Inhibitors on Equine and Bovine Follicular Dynamics and Steroidogenesis. Carlos Roberto fontes Pinto Louisiana State University and Agricultural & Mechanical College Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_disstheses Recommended Citation Pinto, Carlos Roberto fontes, "Effects of Nitric Oxide Synthase Inhibitors on Equine and Bovine Follicular Dynamics and Steroidogenesis." (2001). LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses. 430. https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_disstheses/430 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at LSU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses by an authorized administrator of LSU Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. INFORMATION TO USERS This manuscript has been reproduced from the microfilm master. UMI films the text directly from the original or copy submitted. Thus, some thesis and dissertation copies are in typewriter face, while others may be from any type of computer printer. The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleedthrough, substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversely affect reproduction. In the unlikely event that the author did not send UMI a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyright material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Oversize materials (e.g., maps, drawings, charts) are reproduced by sectioning the original, beginning at the upper left-hand comer and continuing from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps. Photographs included in the original manuscript have been reproduced xerographically in this copy. Higher quality 6" x 9" black and white photographic prints are available for any photographs or illustrations appearing in this copy for an additional charge. Contact UMI directly to order. ProQuest Information and Learning 300 North Zeeb Road. Ann Arbor, Ml 48106-1346 USA 800-521-0600 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. EFFECTS OF NITRIC OXIDE SYNTHASE INHIBITORS ON EQUINE AND BOVINE FOLLICULAR DYNAMICS AND STEROIDOGENESIS A Dissertation Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of the Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in The Interdepartmental Program in Veterinary Medical Sciences Through the Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences by Carlos Roberto Fontes Pinto Medico Veterin£rio, S3o Paulo State University, 1986 December 2001 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. UMI Number 3042646 UMI’ UMI Microform 3042646 Copyright 2002 by ProQuest Information and Learning Company. All rights reserved. This microform edition is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code. ProQuest Information and Learning Company 300 North Zeeb Road P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106-1346 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. To my wife Aclecia and our daughter Bruna for their patience, support and unconditional love that helped to make my dreams come true. ii Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. ACKNOWLEGMENTS I thank Drs. Paccamonti and Eilts, who believed in me and provided me the opportunity to become a Theriogenologist and more recently guiding me through the doctoral program. I extend my gratitude to Drs. Godke and Short for accepting me in their graduate program at the Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences while understanding my duties as a Clinical Fellow in the Department of Veterinary Sciences. For that, I am indebted to Dr. David Senior, Head of the Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences and Drs. Huxsol and Groves, former and present Dean of the School of Veterinary Medicine, respectively, for the Clinical Fellowship that allowed me to pursue this doctoral degree. I am especially thankful to Drs. Paccamonti and Godke for their work as co-chairs of my graduate committee. Their guidance allowed me to find the balance between my work as a clinician in the Veterinary Teaching Hospital & Clinics and time to conduct experimental studies that compose this dissertation. I am grateful for the kind help and support of Richard Denniston (Director of the Embryo Biotechnology Laboratory), Dr. Rustin Moore (director of the Equine Health Studies Program) and Dr. Thomas Klei and Melanie Chapman (Section of Parasitology). I also acknowledge and thank the scientific help of Drs. Eades, Barker and Hosgood who so promptly answered questions related to this work. I thank Dr. Don Thompson and Laura Gentry (RIA laboratory) for their invaluable help. I am also deeply in debt to the technical assistance of Catherine Koch and Marian Waguespack. Special thanks are also due to Jackie Bourgeois for her kind assistance on academic matters. I also enjoyed very much working with the graduate students of the Reproductive Physiology group: Joel Carter, Bret Reggio, Darin Hylan, Richard Cochran, and many others (including dear friends of the Brazilian community). I feel richly blessed for having the opportunity of meeting every student, staff and faculty member in these years. It was certainly the richest experience in my life. iii Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. TABLE OF CONTENTS D EDICA TIO N ............................................................................................................ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS...................................................................................... iii ABSTRACT.............................................................................................................vii CHAPTER 1. LITERATURE REVIEW/INTRODUCTION................................... 1 HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE....................................................................1 NITRIC OXIDE BIOSYNTHESIS............................................................... 5 NITRIC OXIDE SYNTHASE ENZYMOLOGY.......................................... 7 NITRIC OXIDE BIOLOGICAL ACTIONS................................................ 13 NITRIC OXIDE DONORS......................................................................... 16 NITRIC OXIDE SYNTHASE INHIBITORS.............................................. 18 NITRIC OXIDE AND REPRODUCTION................................................. 21 HYPOTHESES.......................................................................................... 45 CHAPTER 2. EFFECTS OF NITRIC OXIDE SYNTHASE INHIBITORS ON OVULATION IN hCG-STIMULATED MARES ......................................... 47 INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................... 47 MATERIALS AND METHODS................................................................. 49 RESULTS................................................................................................... 51 D IS C U S S IO N .............................................................................................53 CHAPTER 3. CONCENTRATIONS OF NITRIC OXIDE IN EQUINE PREOVULATORY FOLLICLES BEFORE AND AFTER ADMINISTRATION OF HUMAN CHORIONIC GONADOTROPIN................................................... 68 INTRODUCTION....................................................................................... 68 MATERIALS AND METHODS................................................................. 70 RESULTS................................................................................................... 73 DISCUSSION.............................................................................................75 CHAPTER 4. EVIDENCE FOR A NITRIC OXIDE-MEDIATED MODULATION OF EQUINE GRANULOSA CELL STEROIDGENESIS .............................................................................................88 iv Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. INTRODUCTION....................................................................................... 88 MATERIALS AND METHODS................................................................. 90 RESULTS................................................................................................... 91 D ISC U SSIO N ............................................................................................ 95 CHAPTER 5. EFFECTS OF NG-NITRO-L-ARGININE METHYL ESTER (A NONSPECIFIC NITRIC OXIDE INHIBITOR) ON BOVINE FOLLICULAR DYNAMICS AND STEROIDOGENESIS............................................................99 INTRODUCTION....................................................................................... 99 MATERIALS AND METHODS............................................................... 102 RESULTS................................................................................................. 104 D ISC U SSIO N .........................................................................................
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