Factual OUTHER~ ~r.noot EWS Objective
VOL. II, NO. 7 6 I <; .G ~ tit\! J , , JANUARY, 1965 NOISIAIO A~y )111AHSVN HO~y v A~v~af,R11 31YlS lS NN3l 'Department of Justice Institutes First School Suits Under New Law
WASHINGTON ceived federal aid to impacted areas. promptly and justly decided." District Judge Ben C. Dawkins dis The President added that "the na HE U.S. DEPARTMENT of Jus missed the case on Aug. 20, 1963, and tion's commitment to the principle of T tice filed school desegrega the U.S. Fifth Circuit Court of Ap equality of treatment and opportunity tion suits against Campbell peals on Aug. 25, 1964, upheld the for all Americans will be well served County, Tenn., and Bossier Par dismissal. by the new regulations." ish, La., on Jan. 4, 1965--the first Federal officials have been instructed such actions under the Civil * * * to co-operate with state and local gov Rights Act of 1964. Seven Government Agencies ernments and private organizations "to The suit filed in U.S. District Court ensure that there is complete under at Chattanooga, Tenn., against Camp Announce New Rules on Aid standing of the regulations and bell County, comes under Title IV, compliance with the congressional which allows the federal attorney gen Seven federal departments and mandate," Johnson said. eral to bring suit when he receives a agencies- including the Department of In discussing the regulations during complaint from people unable to take Health, Education and Welfare--an a talk Dec. 10 to the Community Action such action themselves. nounced on Dec. 4 the rules they will Assembly of the National Urban In the case or Bossier Parish, the follow in carrying out Title VI of the League, Johnson stressed that "our government is intervening in a suit al Civil Rights Act of 1964, which bars first objective will always be to assure ready before the court, Lemon v. Bos racial discrimination in federally as nondiscriminatory operation rather At Meeting in Little Rock sier Parish School Board (See Louisi sisted programs or activities. than to put an end to programs which White House Advisor Brooks Hays; his son, Steele Hays, m ember of the Arkansas ana report). The original suit was filed The regulations, approved by Presi are vital to the welfare of all Ameri cans.,, .Advisory Committee to the U.S. Civil Rights Commission; Leslie Dunbar of the Dec. 2, 1964, in U.S. District Court at dent Johnson, were published in the Southern Regional Council. Shreveport on behalf or eight Negro Federal Register (Vol. 29, No. 236) on The HEW regulations require that children. The justice department on Dec. 4, to go into effect 30 days later. all applications for new or renewed Jan. 4 asked to participate in the suit The seven agencies and departments, federal financial assistance must be ARKANSAS under civil rights act provisions that which administer the major federal aid accompanied by "assurance" of non authorize the attorney general to in programs, were, in addition to the De discriminatory operation. tervene in segregation cases he be partment of HEW, the Departments of 1 lieves to be of general public Interior, Agriculture and Labor, the School Regulations importance. General Services Administration, the In the case of elementary and sec ~: Schoollllen Meet To Hear Acting Attorney General Nicholas Housing and Home Financing Agency ondary schools, the regulations state, deB. Katzenbach, commenting in and the National Science Foundation. the requirements will be satisfied if Washington, said: "We have brought The White House indicated that other a school or school system: Civil Rights Regulations suit in both these cases only after at government agencies would issue their "1) is subject to a final order of a tempting to seek voluntary compliance regulations for implementation of Title court of the United States for the de LITTLE ROCK courts in the area have included in with the law." VI within a few weeks. segregation of such school or school their orders. She said most of the courts The intervention in the Bossier In a statement announcing his ap system, and provides an assurance that HE SCHOOL desegregation re now were rejecting grade-a-year plans Parish case represents the govern proval of the regulations, President it will comply with such order, in T quirements of the 1964 Civil and were requiring two or more grades ment's second attempt to desegregate Johnson described them as "just and cluding any future modification of such Rights Act, under regulations ef- a year. the district's public schools. In Jan reasonable," and said they will "insure order, or "In the 10 years that have elapsed uary, 1963, the justice department that disputes or failures to comply with "2) submits a plan for the desegre thi fective Jan. 4, 1965, were laid out asked the district court to desegregate the principle of nondiscrimination in for Arkansas schoolmen Dec. 7 at since the first school desegregation iation of such school or school system cases, the requirements of school de the parish schools because they re- administering federal programs will be which the Commissioner of Education a meeting at Little Rock spon segregation have developed rather determines is adequate to accomplish sored by the Arkansas Advisory slowly, but have become quite definite the purposes of the Act and this part, Committee to the U.S. Civil on some points," Mrs. Martin said. "The FLORIDA and provides reasonable assurance that it will carry out such plan." Rights Com.mission. most recent court cases have clearly stated that it is the responsibiliy of the The regulations note that in any case In essence, desegregation is required school boards, and not Negro parents, for participation in any program of fed where a court orders school desegrega to initiate the desegregation process. tion after submission of a compliance eral aid, except those for and 17,000 Negroes Boycott milk The defense sometimes offered by the plan to HEW, the plan must be amend lunches, and a school district's desegre school boards that the Negro pupils ed to take the court order into effect. gation plan must be at least as broad as have not aruilied for admission to white In the case of institutions of higher that required by the federal courts in schools is being given little or no con Schools at Jacksonville le~,. "the assurance required by that area. sideration by the federal courts today." this section shall extend to admission About 150 of the 500 persons at the practices and to all other practices meeting were school officials. Brooks Perhaps Unacceptable MIAMI While the community was in an up relating to the treatment of students " Hays, White House advisor and former ORE THAN 17,000 Negro pupils roar over the decision, Negro groups the regulations state. ' She said that some of the volunary called the boycott to dramatize the congressman from Little Rock, and desegregation plans being used might M boycotted the Duval County Provision is made for periodic review Leslie W. Dunbar of Atlanta, executive plight of Negro pupils, which they said not be acceptable to the commissioner. schools Dec. 7 as a protest against called for special consideration. of compliance with Title VI and for director of the Southern Regional "The elimination of dual boundary "prompt investigation" of complaints what the leaders of the movement Rutledge Pearson, a social studies Council, were the principal speakers. lines for white and Negro schools and that discrimination is being practiced Hays said it is time for the South to called "general conditions in the teacher at Jacksonville's Cookman in federally aided programs. the rezoning of schools on a nonracial Junior High School and chairman of find ways of doing things with the Ne basis seems to be essential features of schools and elsewhere." the Florida NAACP, announced the gro rather than for him. Dunbar said an acceptable desegregation plan," she P1·ocedure Spelled Out the nation is firming up its historical The mass movement in and around "sit-out" at a news conference called said. Under the regulations, federal funds democracy through the Civil Rights Act Jacksonville was touched off by action several days in advance. Supt. Floyd W. Parsons of Little Rocle of the Southern Association of Colleges may not be withheld until: lleO and such other programs as the War on Pearson said it was supported by the and B. E. Whit.more of Pine Bluff, Jef and Schools. On Dec. 1 it removed "!) the responsible Department offi Poverty and the reapportionment of ferson County school supervisor, who NAACP. He submitted a 10-point list accreditation for all 15 high schools in cial has advised the applicant or re o~: state legislatures. were on the platform with Mrs. Martin, of grievances that went beyond the cipient of his failure to comply and the county on grounds that they did not 'Cool Reception' Reported both spoke briefly. quality of education provided Negro has determined that compliance cannot by' Parsons said Little Rock is using the receive adequate support to meet edu youngsters. Among his complaints on be secured by voluntary means; At the sectional meeting for school state pupil assignment law, not attend cational standards. behalf of the Negro community were "2) there has been an express finding SACS had warned the Duval authori people, the speakers were Mrs. Ruby ance areas, and assumed that it could "complete laclc of representation in on the record, after opportunity for • G. Martin, a Negro lawyer, and Dean continue this way since the federal ties they were on probation over a year (See NEGROES, Page 7) hearing, of a failure by the applicant Determan, both of the Civil Rights (See RIGHTS, Page 6) ago. or recipient to comply with a require onl Commission staff. Most of the school ment imposed by or pursuant to this people were white and the Arkansas part; iea' Gazette said they gave Mrs. Martin a SOUTH CAROLINA "3) the action has been approved by "cool reception." the Secretary . . . ; Federal aid comes to about $3,600,000 a year for the Arkansas school districts "4) the expiration of 30 days after not including nearly that much for the Secretary has filed with the com lunches and milk. Furman Trustees Maintain Stand mittee of the House and the committee Any school district expecting to re (See JUSTICE, Page 2) He would not elaborate but others ceive federal aid after Jan. 4 will have COLUMBIA mittee of the denomination's General to file an acceptable desegregation plan Board. That board recommended that quiclcly made it clear that he was the trustees of the various Baptist talking about the suspended 1963 policy with Commissioner Francis Keppel in URMAN UNIVERSITY'S trustees, the U.S. Office of Education, Mrs. Mar affiliated colleges in the state be al to admit qualified Negroes. ignoring an adverse vote on Dr. Francis M. Bonner, vice presi tin said. Commissioner Keppel must F lowed to set their own admission In This Issue 1 the point by the 1964 SGeorgia ...•...... •..•.••..3 . Under Court Orders nancial aid from some churches would Florida State University, assumes the For those districts already operating be cut off. Chairman's Statement presidency on Feb. 1. Louisiana ...... 10 The issue between Furman, _Ioc~ted under court desegregation orders, they The announcement that the univer "My position," said Dr. Bonner Mississippi ...... 7 have only to file copies of court orders on a new campus in the f~thills 1ust "is that the trustees have acted in the north of Greenville, and its parent sity's trustees had decided to ignore North Carolina ...... 9 along with their pledges to abide by the the convention votes came in a state best interests of the university and order and any modifications of them, organization was joined in October of as administrator I will carry out poli South Carolina ...... 1 1963 when the board of trustees an ment from Board Chairman J . Wilbert she said. Wood of Anderson. It said: cies set by the trustees." Tennessee ...... !! nounced Negroes would be accepted. He added that direction of policy Other than that, she said she did not "The board has approved a recom Texas ...... 2 know what kind of desegregation plan The state convention a month later is granted to the trustees by the mendation from the executive com Virginia ...... •...... , .4 ·g the commissioner would find acceptable debated the issue at length_ and ~Y mittee that the existing policy of school's charter and that the action of asked Furman to delay Jts dec1S1on (See FURMAN, Page 8) Washington ...... 1 . b~t .said she thought it logical that the pending a year-long study by a com- admissions be reaffirmed by the board." ... lninimum required would be what the PAGE 2-JANUARY, 1965-SOUTHERN SCHOOL NEWS WASHINGTON REPORT 'If Yon Think the First TEXAS Step Was Hard Justice Department Files Gov. Connally May Ask Two Desegregation Suits For Civil Rights Agency
(Continued from Page 1) Negroes are mentally inferior. (No. AUSTIN 512, Roberts v. Stell; see Georgia re of the Senate having legislative juris ov. JoHN CONNALLY was ex diction over the progr:1m involved, a port.) Texas Highlights G pected to ask the legislature full wdtten report of the circumstances Gov. John Connally was expected and the grounds for such action." in January to establish a state to ask Lhe l!:'gislature in January to Any action lo withhold federal funds service to review civil rights dis * * * establish a state anti-discrimination must be limited to the specific locality putes, to keep the federal gove~n and program held to be in violation of Humphrey Appointed ment from exercising exclusive agency, to keep the federal govern. Title VI, the regulations stress. The ment from pre-empting this field. law includes provision for judicial re jurisdiction in this area. A federal judge approved Beau. view of any decision to cut off funds. Rights Co-ordinator; Connally has made plain that he ex pects the state "to continue its procrress mont's new policy to desegregate without the need for outside help." all grades next September, replacing Aided hv Marshall This comment came in a conference last a grade-a-year plan. The U.S. Office* * of* Education re October with LeRoy Collins, director of Bishop College announced plans to ported Dec. 31 that more than 1,200 Vice President-elect Hubert H. Hum the federal Community Relations Serv c;end 25 of its students to Southern school districts, including almost 300 phrey was named by President Johnson ice. Methodi<1t University, also in Dallas, in the South, had notified the govern Dec. 10 to coordinate the administra Engelhardt, St. Lout.! Post-Di.$patch The federal Civil Rights Act of 1964 to help Negroes upgrade their edn. ment of their interest in receiving tion's civil rights efforts toward the provides for charges of discrimination cation and to encourage them to take financial or technical assistance under "energetic pursuit of equal opportunity to be reviewed by state or local agen Title IV of the Civil Rights Act. for aJI people in this nation." Marshall added that "the policy focus cies, if such exist, before the courts or graduate training in Texas rather Title rv authorizes the Office of Humphrey, who immediately started of federal civil rights efforts in general, federal government act. than going North or East. Education to provide such assistance to a survey of federal civil rights activi and especially on employment and im The United Political Organization, Dr. W. T. White defended Dallas school districts planning to desegre ties, is being assisted by Burke Mar plementation of Title VI (of the Civil composed mostly of Negroes who have schools against their critics, while gate. Congress appropriated $8 million shaJI, who resigned Dec. 18 as assistant Rights Act), should not in my judg supported Gov. Connally politically, an industrial educational consultant for the purpose last October. attorney general in charge of the Civil ment any longer rest in the Department urged him to include creation of a state said Dallas's peaceful desegregation Almost 300 universities, including 85 of Justice." Rights Division. human relations committee in his pro deserved wider publicity than it re in the South, had indicated by Dec. 31 In accepting the resignation, Johnson gram submitted to the new legislature. that they would be interested in spon The President appointed John Doar, ceived. who had been Marshall's principal as praised Marshall for playing " an ex The U. S. Supreme Court's decision soring special institutes next summer to traordinary role in this significant area upholding the federal law's public ac train teachers, counselors and admin sistant at the justice department, as his successor. of human progress." commodation provision in two restau istrators to deal effectively with school rant cases was viewed here as making desegregation problems. Designation of the Vice President "In 33 years' service with the federal operation of business firms. govenunent I have never known any more !Jkely that the state legislature Volma Overton, president of the elect as civil rights coordinator was would act on the subject. announced by Johnson in a speech to person who rendered a better quality Austin branch, National Association for * * * the Community Action Assembly of of public service," the President said. Adopts Ordinance Advancement of Colored People, issued the National Urban League. He said he was happy that Marshall a warnin~ to city officials that "a retuni Corpus Christi's City Council adopted High Court Declines would help co-ordinate civil rights to the streets" is likely unless the City Among the agencies falling within an ordinance providing for corporation Council establishes a Human Relations Humphrey's jurisdiction are the Civil programs to ensure "a unity of direc court fines of $25 to $200 against per Council and adopts an anti-discrirnina. To Review Decision Rights Commission, the President's tion and purpose" and avoid dupli sons found guilty of discriminating in tion ordinance. Earlier this year 1i committees on equal opportunities in cation. places of public accommodation because Negroes and some whites staged a sit'. Doar, a Republican who was brought of race, color, or ethnic origin. The in at the City Council chamber for this There ar On Impacted Areas C!tts in f into the justice department during the ordinance also established a Human Re purpose, and a Negro occupied tht llO princi~ Eisenhower administration, is a 43- lations Committee. mayor's chair for several hours while The Supreme Court declined on Dec. I ~I)' whi< year-old native of Minneapolis. He is a El Paso and San Antonio have ordi the City Council abandoned its meeting 7 to review a decision of the Fifth nances similar to Corpus Christi's. The room. of an air Ii< Circuit Court of Appeals that, before graduate o! Princeton University and ill' ll, tl Austin City Council has refrained from Overton complained of "tokenism" in enactment of the Civil Rights Act of the University of California law school. adopting any penal provision regarding Perry, the ~esegregation in Texas. However, pub. 1964, the federal government had no Last June, Doar received the Presi iiV mwhi standing to sue for desegregation of dent's Award for Distinguished Federal he reports of actual discrimination in recent months have been almost non. ~'there schools receiving federal aid under Civilian Service, the highest honor a nor rational," he said. "And it is em the "impacted areas" program. phatically unprofessional." existent. Schools career govenunent employe can re The Supreme Court's action (No. If educators believe in equality of E:!.:,-:on sy ceive. 473, U.S. v. Madison County Boa,.d), opportunity for children, Keppel as In the Colleges ~·t 10 ~ applied to cases involving three dis serted, "then surely we must believe i.ool age <:ues cons tricts-Madison County, Ala., and Gulf HUMPHREY MARSHALL in full equality port and Harrison County (Biloxi), * * * of opportunity Houston Program 0Ai·age Miss.-which have received more than within our pro Hml>1on housing and employment, the Civil $8 million since 1950 in federal aid Commissioner Says fession. And act :icp:ents o Rights Division of the justice depart under the impacted-areas program, now." To Start In Fall :0 schools . ment, the Community Relations Serv which assists school districts serving Profession Should The s c ho o 1 s dlion a y1 large numbers of military dependents. ice of the Commerce Department and the new Equal Employment Oppor must begin at At Houston, Dr. John E. Codwell an· Offic:als, In recent years the justice depart once to devote nounced that a $2.8-million, five-year l!ea!th, F.d ment has filed a number of suits seek tunities Commision to be established Drop Race Barriers under the Civil Rights Act of 1964. "their best re "crash program" to assist culturally sul the co ing to end segregation in districts re sources and at deprived Negroes in six public schools diiegregati1 ceiving impacted-areas aid. Most of Recommendations Expected Elimination of racial barriers within tention to the likely will get under way next fall. >il!e l<>ss c the suits have been dismissed by courts the profession of education is the next children who re The Ford Foundation will finance the ~theloc holding that the justice department quire them most Humphrey met with officials of these major civil rights challenge facing the project, one of several planned for '.o!lfd for I was without standing to sue. KEPPEL and other government agencies during schools, U.S. Commissioner of Educa - the children of Southern school systems. The purpose Under Title IV of the Civil Rights poverty and discrimination," Keppel December, and was expected to present tion Francis Keppel declared Dec. 10. is to assist Negro students in reaching Act of 1964, the department may initi recommendations on co-ordinating ac said. "The end of discrimination in the the national level of academic perform ate desegregation suits in certain in tions to the President before Congress "For too long," he added, "we have anc_e. T~xas Southem University, tht schools of democracy . . . will be only stances where individual plaintiffs are convened. There was speculation that failed to recognize, and act on our Uruvers1ty of Houston and Rice Uni unable to take legal action. Title VI of one possible recommendation might be hail accomplished if we achieve inte recognition, that 'separate but equal' versity will assist in the project. the act provides for withholding fed establishment of a single civil rights gration among the children alone," is not freedom and is not equality eral aid funds from segregated activi agency to take charge of functions now Keppel told delegates to Community in the South, in the North, or anywhere ties. scattered among various federal offices. Action Assembly of the National Urban else." * * * War Powers Marshall, who had headed the Civil League. Dr. John H. Furbay, educational con Rights Division since 1961, was one "What is the value of integrating our sultant for General Motors and Trans The justice department appealed to of the principal architects of the ad * * * World Airlines, told a Dallas audienct the Supreme Court after the U.S. Fifth students if we, their teachers and ad Southern schools at all levels are ministration's civil rights policy, and falling further and further behind that the city's peaceful desegregation Circuit Court of Appeals in New Or played a major role in such racial ministrators, remain as segregated as of schools in September, 1961, deserved leans dismissed suits which contended ever?" he asked. those of other parts of the country, crises as the University of Mississippi Associate U.S. Commissioner of Edu greater publicity than it received. war powers could be used to prevent disorders. "What good does it do to preach and cation Ralph C. M. Flynt said Dec. 20. "We should have played up the school boards from racially segregating In his letter of resignation to the teach equality of opportunity to young Dallas integration," said Dr. Furbray. children of members of the armed Flynt, a 60-year-old native Georgian President, Marshall said that "the task sters if we do not practice it our who is rounding out 30 years in the "We don't play up our good efforts forces and of civilian employes of the of eliminating discrimination in voting, military. selves?" U.S. Office of Education, gave his views enough. It seems we put our worst education and those places of public Keppel said potentially excellent in an interview with the Associated merchandise in the window for the The circuit court had stat.ed: "No accomodation that are engaged in a occasion can arise for the suggested teachers, principals and school super Press. world to see, like Little Rock and l\ftS pattern of resistance to the law is "The present generation of Southern sissippi." unprecedented and extremely danger now a straightforward matter of liti intendents are being shunted aside by ous exercise of the war powers to their colleagues because oi race and students is more disadvantaged than gation, requiring primarily adminis my generation," Flynt said. effect the operation of the public trative skills, hard work and good color. schools of the state." He said the South has not been able lawyers." "This is neither moral, nor legal, Negroes' political* * opportunity * is ris- In its appeal to the Supreme Court, to keep up with the rest of the nation in developing its educational resources ing, and one some day may becomt the department said the United States president of the United States, Cali "because it is indirectly injured and because of a lack of funds. Even where fornia Assemblyman Mervyn M. Dy· because it is, in a real sense, the Southern states have made major ef 'guardian' of the service personnel af Washington Highlights forts to step up their school programs, mally told students at Texas Southern fected, may represent them in court he noted, the results have not kept University in Houston. pace with other regions. Dymally, a Negro, was born in when their assignment subjects them The U.S. Department of Justice •chools rere1vmg " impacted area,., to unconstitutional treatment." He called for a doubling and re Trinidad, British West Indies. filed its first two school desegregation aid funds. doubling of educational efforts in the "Ten years ago, people were saying To receive "impacted area" funds, suits under new powers granted in Vice President-elect Hubert ll. South. school districts agreed to provide gov the Civil Rights Act of 1964. that a Catholic could never be presi· ernment dependents with schooling on Humphrey was named by the Presi dent, but John F. Kennedy proved dent to co·ordinate the administra. the same terms as other children and Seven federal departments and Appointment* of Arnold* * S. Trebach as them wrong," Dyrnally said, noting the Lion's civil rights efforts. Burke "in accordance with the laws of the agencies handling major government director of Howard University's new rise of Negroes in elective offices. state." aid programs announced regulations Marc; hall, who resigned a" assistant law and human rights program was The lower court said that did not for implementation of Tit.le VI of the allorney general in charge of the announced by the university Dec. 27. The program, sponsored by the mean nondiscrimination. But the jus Civil Rights Act of 1964, which bars Civi l Rights Division, was assisting * * * tice department contended that legal I lumphrey in a study of government Howard law school and the university's At the University of Texas, l)eaD racial discrimination in federally as Center for Youth and Community decisions and laws against discrimina sic;ted activities. President Johnson activities in the civil rights field. Morris Keeton of Antioch College de tion had expanded the agreement's Studies, is designed to develop teaching fended "responsible" civil disobedience ~aid every effort would be made to President Johnson named John Doar and research projects in such fields as meaning to include a nondiscrimination as "morally obligatory," adding thal bring about compliance with the act to succeed Marshall at the justice legal rights of the poor, crime and provision. department. "dissent has cost us dearly, but it baS without withholding federal funds. mental health, juvenile law, civil rights U.S. Commissioner of Education and civil liberties. also enlarged freedom ..." The Supreme Court declined to Francis Keppel ~a id elimination of Dr. Charles L . Black Jr. of Yale's review a lower court's ruling that .T:eba~, a former official of the U.S. The Supreme* Court * *refused to hear racial barriers in the teaching pro Civil Rights Commission and the Na law faculty, on the same program. de a contention that its 1954 school deseg the justice department had no stand fession is the next major civil rights tional Legal Aid and Defender As scribed as "facile and misleading" the regation ruling should be reconsidered ing to sue for desegregation or challenge facing the schools. sociation, will also serve as associate idea that citizens may disregard JaVIS in the light of asserted showings that 1.WilL! If director of the center and lecturer in which they consider to be wrong. Bui == ''!ilS& &! the law school. (See TEXAS, Page f) - SOUTHERN SCHOOL NEWS-JANUARY, 1965-PAGE 3 GEORGIA Three School Districts Make Plans for Desegregation
MACON Thomasville Plan Could Officials said that next fall any 9th, T LEAST three more school sys 10th, 11th or 12th grade student can A tems in Georgia are planning Lead to Desegregation Georgia Highlights attend any high school he wishes if he files a written application for transfer to desegregate at various times The Thomasville Board of Education Houston Counly, Fullon Counly during 1965. with the superintendent and if school ~ounced on Dec. 2 adoption of a pu and Thomasville school systems are capacity will admit it. Eleven of the state's 180 biracial pil placement plan effective next planning or considering desegrega school districts are now desegregated. Sept~mber which could lead to deseg tion in 1965. School districts planning or consider regation. The city system of Thomas The first desegregation on Lhe ele * * * ing desegregation are Houston County, ville, in deep South Georgia, is separate mentary school level in Atlanta will Organization~ Disagree Fulton County and Thomasville city from the Thomas County system. take place in January. system. All of the actions will be on a Supt. Charles McDaniel said that par On Negro's Appointment Appointment of a Negro Lo the voluntary basis. ents may request any elementary About 45 Negroes demonstrated Dec. SANDERS Houston officials adopted a plan un school for their first-grade child. II the Chatham County Board of Education TATE 8 in front of the Chatham County (Sa der which Negro seniors were to be school is nearest drew praise from one Negro group the child's home, and criticii
Southern School News is the official publication of the ~outhern Education . ·ce an ob'iective fact-finding agency established by Southern Re port 1n9 serv1 , ' . f 'd' t b' Arguments in Suit Against Grants 'tors and educators with the aim o prov1 1n9 accura e, un 1ased newspaper e d1 bl' ff' · I d · t t d ) •t• information to school administrators, pu 1c o 1c1a s an in eres e ay. c! 1zens RICHMOND maintain some 200 children in private developments in education arising from the U. S. Supreme Court opinion of ~ay 17, 1954, declaring compulsory segregation in the .public sch~ols unco~sti. HE PROS and cons of the con- schools while the cost of public educa T Virginia Highlights tion is rising." tutional. SERS is not an advocate, is neither pro-se9re9at1on nor anti-segregation, stitutionality of Virginia's but simply reports the facts as it finds them, state:by-state.' The council's action means that the Published monthly by Southern Education Reporting Service at 1109 19th Ave., tuition grants program were A flt>r a 1
~ ~ In Jacksonville Trial of Barnett, Gov. Johnson JACKSON The Hour of Decision creases in enrollments and said more r: (Continued from Page 1) school facilities were "desperately DEPARTMENT of Justice has T HE needed." .iY.. policy-making and administrative as asked the U. S. Fifth Circuit :r;- peels of our local government," "polit- The vote last month was unofficially Court of Appeals to place Gov. 1 ~- ical corruption" and "a not-too-well 2,652 for the issue to 1,311 against- II<:; disguised dual system of education." Paul B. Johnson and former Gov. about 66 per cent favorable. A school ~~"I' bond issue must have 60 per cent sup Pearson also protested against over- Ross R. Barnett on trial in New port to pass. In November, the issue 11;; crowded c l assrooms, outmoded cur- Orleans-not in their home state fell 1,120 votes short of the necessary ricula and inadequate equipment in -on criminal contempt charges support. Negro schools. The boycott affected every Negro school in the county and stemming from the 1962 Univer absentees soared past 17,000 on the first sity of Mississippi desegregation * * * day. Rutledge Pe a rso n crisis. State Bonds Sold Dr. Irving E. Scott, assistant director 'Sit-out' leader. The federal government contended of education for the school system, said that the trial should be held in New 40 per cent of the Negro high-school Orleans because the orders Johnson As Rights Leaders a students remained away from classes, Criticism also came from outside the and Barnett are accused of defying 55 per cent in the junior high schools city and county. were issued in New Orleans, not in Call for Boycott ll! and 39 in the elementary grades. Dr. Herman Frick o( Florida State Mississippi. University, chairman of a committee Leon Jaworski of Houston, Texas, A syndicate of 18 firms headed by Call For Continuance that recommended that SACS disac special assistant U. S. attorney general, credit Duval's high schools said the filed the request with the Fifth Circuit Blythe and Co. of New York has bought The boycotters dwindled to 10,000 on $6 million in school "equalization" conditions on which this de~ision was Court of Appeals on Nov. 30. •!!.' the second day but leaders called for Kenned11, ATkansas DemoCTat construction bonds despite a call by based applied equally to white and That is the same court which issued oe: a continuance. At a news conference civil rights leaders for an economic hEt arranged by a group of Negro citizens, Negro schools. The school system's the restraining order on Sept. 25, 1962, as an alternative to attending public schools. boycott of Mississippi. Wendell R. Holmes, a spokesman for troubles, said Frick, "are color blind." forbidding Johnson, then lieutenant governor, and Barnett, then governor, The grants will be paid to the private The issue brought to $73.6 million d : several organizations backing the pro- The exploitation of Negro children, the amount of school bonds sold by the the FSU professor went on, represents from interferring with the enrollment school pupils in four installments tlt i test, said: state under its program to equalize "total irresponsibility" on the part of of Negro James Meredith. one each nine weeks during the school i:.. "We feel that this sit-out protest white and Negro schools and bring all the boycott leaders. Not only was the On Dec. 31, the government filed a term. :ic... focused the attention oI the entire com Checks are mailed directly to the u~ to minimum standards. munity upon problems that, in part, school system deprived of badly needed motion to dismiss two of the four n l students. Only pupils attending nonsec The law permits up to $80 million uniquely affect the Negro community funds, he said, but the pupils were de criminal contempt charges against the ·P.rc. prived of badly needed schooling. two men. Acting Attorney General tarian schools may qualify for the tui to be outstanding at any time. The and we feel now that the responsibility tion grants. bonds are retired by $555,000 earmarked bu: for dealing fairly and justly (with these A more effective way to serve the Nicholas Katzenbach said in Washing ton that to present evidence on those Schools accepting tuition-grant stu monthly from sales tax collections. problems) lies with the Board of Pub cause of quality education for alL he dents must offer a standardized educa The $6 million issue was sold for an said, would be to build up attendance two counts would greatly extend the -g;:, lie Instruction." "length and complexity of trial of the tion on par with that offered by the average interest rate of 3238 per cent to bring in more state aid. Supt. Brant and was accepted by the State Bond r; G The school board, said Holmes, had agreed that "the only place for children case without furthering the interest of state's public schools. fir: "blatantly and arrogantly refused to justice." Commission comprised of Gov. Paul B. is in the schoolroom." Brant character Johnson, Attorney General Joe Patter bus:. consult Negpo leaders on school prob- ized as "bare-faced lies" some charges Civil Contempt A group of *Rankin * County* residents son and State Treasurer William Win acii: !ems. of discrimination against Negro schools ter. "We therefore place upon them the which were circulated by boycott Both Johnson and Barnett have been has agreed to organize a private school :a:c full responsibility for whatever losses leaders. found guilty of civil contempt of court, corporation, to be known as the Rankin Officials Comment : tr. have occurred as a result of the sit-out a less serious charge. They have not, County Corporation No. L It will be latl: protests, both economically and in stu Aftermath of Bitterness however, been sentenced for the civil a nonprofit organization and, presum Johnson said the sale indicated il& dent instructional time," he said. contempt convictions. ably, will be eligible to participate in "people showed their increased faith As the sit-out came to an end on the and confidence in the state government third day, an aftermath of bitterness Meredith was admitted to Ole Miss the state's new tuition grant program. Blames Politicians in the fall of 1962, following a night of and they know the desire of all Missis remained. Complaints oI being active rioting during which two persons were sippians to do the right thing and to Holmes blamed "self-seeking and in the boycott were considered against killed and scores injured. He was the move the state forward." · n soul-bought politicians" for failure to two Negro teachers by the board of The First Presbyterian*** Church voted "Business and financial leaders re Mm provide adequate schools for Negroes. school trustees, an elected group that first Negro knowingly admitted to the on Dec. 6 to operate a p,rivate elemen university. fused to be stampeded by pressure iZiayers of Rankin County, J. W. kids hanging around the streets." that this man has to be given special tions. (See Washington report.) McRae, committee chairman," contend In the College& P'.:t Instead of staying out of school, consideration. But in view of the cir Affected in Mississippi were children ed there were sufficient funds to meet iet· Hampton declared, Negro boys and cumstances, in trying to do the best for of government personnel at Keesler Air needs without the bonds. It expressed M;. girls should "study 24 how·s a day" to all children involved in the school sys Force Base and the Veterans Adminis opposition also "because there is inte Trustees Consider ira:· make up for past deficiencies. tem, it will be necessary to take this tration Hos~tal, both in Harrison gration staring us in the face and in matter under further advisement. County on the Mississippi Guli Coast. ~• . Pressures against the boycott rose case it is forced upon us, and we go Closing Okolona sharply in the white community as "We will consider all angles to come into private schools, there will be many up with a solution equitable to the wel I ~ well. School Supt. Ish Brant pointed out Schoolmen empty classrooms. So why this bond Okolona College, a coeducational that the loss of state funds, under fare of the school system and, secondly, issue?" to protect the rights of all groups, junior college for Negroes at Okolona, • Florida's Minimum Education Founda Opponents also noted that the state may be closed next year. tion, totaled almost $75,000. State aid whether they be the majority or the has a tuition grants program for pupils minority groups." 407 Are Enrolled The announcement was made by its is based on average daily attendance. to attend segregated, private nonsec board of trustees, which cited the in tarian schools and said "private schools Dismissal Charges stitution's current financial status and In Private Schools are betten than integrated schools. This the ever-increasing cost of education. While the Pearson case remained un is your choice." A reappraisal of the situation and a Florida Highlights decided the board of trustees voted to Under Grants Law An advertisement supporting the studied evaluation of the present facili bring dismissal charges against William bond issue, signed by parent-teacher ties is planned, however. The school A "sit-out" staged by more than H. Muldrow, a seventh-grade science associations of Pearl-McLaurin, Flor 17,000 Negro pupils in Jacksonville teacher at the Richard L. Brown Junior The Mississippi Education and Fi ence and Richland, noted large in- (See MISSISSIPPI, Page 8) protested alleged inadequacies of the High School. nance Commi£sion says 407 students are school system. The three-day boycott According to testimony given the attending segregated, nonsectarian pri trustees, Muldrow told his pupils that vate schools under the 1964 tuition resulted in an investigation of a grant program. Jacksonville Negro teacher who is those who went home to support the Mississippi Highlights boycott would receive "A's" for the The MEFC said it has mailed tuition chairman of the Florida NAACP. payments for the first academic quarter. day's school work but those who re state's tuition grant program totals Each student received $46.25 towards The U.S. Department of Justice A new post of advisor to county mained to study would receive a non 407. school boards on civil rights legisla his tuition. The second payment will asked the U.S. Fifth Circuit Court passing "E." be disbursed in January. of Appeals to try Gov. Paul B. John· A school bond issue with racial tion was created by the Florida De Muldrow also was represented by The initial payment reduced the $1 son and former Gov. Ross R. Barnett overtones was approved in Rankin partment of Education. legal counsel and will resist the County. charges at a hearing to be set at a later million appropriated by the legislature in New Orleans on criminal con A public hearing on a proposed by about $27,000. A $6 million school "equalization" date. tempt charges stemming from the desegregation plan was cancelled in The MEFC said about 200 more stu construction bond issue was bought Duval County and J acksonville have 1962 desegregation of the University Yero Beach when the school board dents are expected to be placed on by a New York-based syndicate de was served with notice of a federal had continuing school troubles and de of Mississippi. spite a call by civil rights groups segregation problems but this is the recipient rolls and added that an addi court suit. first time the two have become inter tional "several hundred" could be The U.S. Supreme Court refused for economic boycott of Mississippi. To meet federal court obJections locked. Court- ordered desegregation added with little difficulty. to rule on federal efforts to compel Dr. James W. Silver of the Uni Most of the students receiving the to its grade-a-year desegregation was begun two years ago. A petiti.on desegregation of public schools near versity of Mississippi, now on leave, now pending in federal court complains state money attend private, nonsectar said in an address that state progress program, the Lee County school ian schools in Jackson. military installations on the Missis board drew a new one cutting the that the pace is too slow. could only be "compelled by law." A special session of the legislature sippi Gulf Coast. Mrs. Gordon G. Henderson, presi time in half. Complaints of inadequate support for approved the tuition grant law on July the school system have been made for Oklona College, a coeducational dent of Mississippians for Public Attacks continued on students at 15 in the face of court-ordered public Negro college may clot.e next year. years. The State Department of Educa school desegregation in Biloxi, Jackson, Education, was runnerup in a wire the Florida Memorial College as it tion reported more than a year a~o Enrollment in segregated, non· service's woman newsmaker of the considered moving its campus from Leake County and Clarksdale. It pro that per-capita support of schools m vides for up to $185 a year for children sectarian private schools under the year contest. St. Augustine to Miami. (See FLORIDA Page 9) to attend private, nonsectarian schools C::::=:=::=.:::::::..::--=~ PAGE 8-JANUARY, 1965-SOUTHERN SCHOOL NEWS
SOUTH CAROLINA Furmam To Defy Baptist Vote Against Des~~~~~~~~~~°""' (Continued from Page l ) "We need a study of the charter Inspections . of these priv~te as~ur- burg that led to her being ~ of Furman and of the Baptist Con Sou th Carolina Highlights were begun m December t Yf :Educa- as a teacher in the school system~ the convention is, therefore, not bind vention to see what can be done within member State Departme~o M Kirk. That dismissal inspired a temPollrJ ing. lhe democratic process." Baptist·related Furman University tion ~e_amed, hthreaded bCyharFl:ston ~chools boycott of schools by Negro pupils. Some loss of funds from the churches It visit ee Another lay leader said "we church decided to proceed with deseg:rega· Dec. 16-17 and was scheduled t.o check is considered possible by Baptist lead members are not going to let a mi ers. However, the convention con tion plans in the face of a vote the Orangeburg school early 1.n Jan.- Mi11cellaneou11 nority tell us what to do. We must uary. Students at schools which ~ail tributes only $190,000-or six per cent maintain the democratic principle of against it by the State Baptist Con· -to Furman's annual budget. the rule of the majority." vention. to meet the standards will not receive New Publication grants. Although Furman officials refused More than 450 applications for to discuss the point directly, a con Student Union Acts Among the applicants were children state tuition grants have been filed of Orangeburg Rep. Jerry M. Hughes, tinued policy of segregation could have In a separate but related action to resulted in loss of assistance from such with the State Department of Edu- retiring Charleston legislator Nat W. Scores Policies Furman's announcement, the statewide cation. federally financed programs as the Na Baptist Student Union voted, 121-57, Cabell and Dr. James H. Gressette of tional Defense Education Act and the to end all segregated activities on a A Rock Hill Negro sought a Orangeburg, brother of Calhoun Cou:ity Of Methodists ROTC. state level. school board post. Sen. L. Marion Gressette, longtime The vote, which came Dec. 5 at a chairman of the state's school segre Medical School Proposed Methodist Bishop Paul Hardin gation watchdog committee. A publication with the announCEd 1111:dd ~ meeting in Charleston, was on a reso atacked a new publication which purpose of combatting "subversive in- itlltlJll' In addition, a feasibility study is lution presented by representatives of editors said was organized to, among fluences" and fighting desegregaticci . ' onv currently under way concerning a pro Clemson University and Winthrop within the Methodist denomination, 1ji0Uf! posed two-year medical school at Fur other things, fight desegregation College. (Both of these state-sup * * * appeared during December under the .. 7 C.: man. A 1003 act of Congress provides moves in church institutions and ac A Negro school teacher becam~ the ported schools are desegregated.) ninth candidate for two seats m a editorship of five Orangeburg County ~~ ~ r.J up to two-thirds of the cost of con In a second resolution, the students tivities. special election for the Rock Hill Methodist laymen . ~~.-o;k f: struction of medical and dental schools. voted against opposing the action of The Methodist Bulletin was pub. "!t:,00 _.,or: Dr. Bonner said, however, that the school board (York County District the State Convention in denying Fur No. 3) when she filed for the J an. 22 lished by the S.C. Association of Meth. i- ~; end relationship between the medical s~h?Ol man the right to desegregate-a matter - issue and the desegregation decJSlon election on Dec. 26. odist Ministers and Laymen, which is i>:''~ that became academic in the light of not an official organization of the :;•' ~· • would be "indirect, if any." Furman's subsequent action. Sclwolmen Mrs. Maggie S. Bailey is a resident Furman has also built dormitories of Rock Hill, although she teaches in church. Among the five editors listed '." W:t J:,)a.~ with money borrowed from a federal the schools of neighboring Chester was Mayor Clyde Fair of Orangeburg, ..@ '; :o p.'f !i]1 agency. In the College11 450 Applications County. which has been the scene of con. ~~.ii During the convention debate, speak The vacancies, both for wiexpired siderable racial strife over the past 1:!;; :ti i ers discussed the possibly detrimental terms, each have four years remaining. few years. . ···' Filed for Grants On Dec 18. Me:hodist Bishop Paul -;''.~o.Sa:-fl affect segregation at home has on the Educators Advised The Rocle Hill schools were deseg church's mission efforts abroad. Hardin of Columbia charged that the P ..:J ..;: In Two Counties regated in September. publication was "calculated to damage ~;:;1 Expresses Surprise That Segregation the church." . . . . :=iii;:.!¢! ' In its first issue, }he. pu~lication ~ 11' ::& The Rev. R. W. Major of Charleston, The parents of more than 450 pupils newly elected president of Endangers Funds * * * it was designed to maLnt.ain separatioc c"! .. St ~e ~~te from Orangeburg and Charleston coun of the church and state, to maintam ~ ':;ia convention, was quoted as saying, rm ties have applied for tuition grants to a little surprised to hear the news. I Segregated colleges and universities Four Districts Get racial segregation on our South Caro. -~ ; attend private schools under South Jina Methodist institutions, organju. t thought they would have gone along face the loss of millions of dollars in cf... Carolina's "escape valve" program to lions and activities, and to resist and ::it.o:~ · with the convention." federal funds under Title 6 of the Civil :-; moderate the effects of public school $641,000 From U.S. expose subversive influences and &e· ;ii¢~. Dr. John Hambrick, president of Bap Rights Law, Southern educators were desegregation. At least 100 more appli tist College of Charleston, said his trus tivities in and against the Methodist ,r.~~ ·; told quietly at a late November meet cations are expected shortly from Sum Four South Carolina school districts, tees are committed by charter to follow Church." .,7i:r~ ing at the University of South Carolina. ter County. two of which have desegregated, re #':.: ::ci the policies and directives of the state A. W. Boldt, whose Atlanta regional Other C1·iticisms ~;~:I( convention. His school, still under con Each of the three counties involved ceived $641,000 in federal ilnpacted office of the Department of Health, ;:I. ;.:.-: riJ struction, is expected to open during has some desegregation in its public area funds during December . The statement also scored the church Education and Welfare supervises HEW schools. Participation in the program, ·~ r. :tr.:l: 1965. . programs in 207 colleges in six South The announcement from the U. S. for alleged failure to heed the voices Most outspoken among the BaptISt first adopted by the legislature in 1963, Office of Education came on Dec. 18. of laymen and for lending support to ~ ~·~ ern states, met with 65 educators from depends on a school district's willing -~'f:~ lay leaders was Ben E. M~ey of the region on Nov. 23. The matters The largest amount went to Beaufort the National Council of Churches and West Columbia, temporary chairman of ness to take part. Each district must the National Association for the Ad· 1'f. discussed at the meeting were reported match its per-pupil expenditure in the County District No. 1, which contains the S.C. Baptist Laymen's Association. in the Charleston News and Courier two large Marine Corps installations. vancement of Colored People. He said, "I had no idea they would public schools, and in addition lose on Dec. 2. the state's per-pupil cost, which is It received $269,718. "There should be no doubt that the :::itr.tt:.=* ( do anything like this in the face of present leadership of the Methodist In the interview, Boldt denied that estimated currently at $170 per year. Others receiving payments were :zrj;. c, the decision of the convention. It's a Church has adopted a goal of integra any "integrate-or-else" edicts had been Sumter District No. 2 (Shaw AFB), , a.t,: Cjl tragedy. Only nonsectarian schools that re tion-the absence of all racial distinc delivered. "I told them there wouldn't quest examination and approval under $232,942; Charleston District No. 2 at s!ltsb: :< "It is my opinion that 80 to 90 per be any precipitate action," he said. Mount Pleasant, $65,992; and Charles tions," the publication said. cent of the church members in the the regulations of the program may ~>.:.: Boldt offered the opinion that an have pupils under the program. To ton District No. 3 on James Island, (The largest Methodist college in the state oppose this decision. We recognize individual institution's intent might be state-Wofford- admitted its first Ne the school as being ours and not the date, no school that was in existance $72,992. al~ controlling as to whether federal aid prior to the inauguration of the pro In each case these payments amount gro voluntarily in September. It is the .::i:;ir...erfy private domain of school . offi.cials. .If in a number of programs might be only church-supported institution of they integrate it, our obiective will gram has agreed to submit itself to to the major share that these districts :i :a }for. cut off. He cited the case of Furman higher learning in the state that is be to disintegrate it. the examination required by the State are tentatively entitled to during this ~-;c.ie University at Greenville as one in Depa rtment of Education. term. presently desegregated.) '::t~~ to which intent might be a factor. Fur Bishop Hardin appeared particularly c ~s.=.)) man, which has agreed to desegregate, From Five Districts The Beaufort and Sumter districts desegregated for the first time in Sep- incensed about the suggestion that sub ::H'.bt la has been at odds over the matter with versive influences were present in the '!l'o 'ill. h09 the S.C. Baptist Convention, which Students from five Charleston dis tember. church. .i: ':l Wf. helps support it. tricts have applied, although only two Mississippi ll wei ieoo -District 20 (Charleston city) and Calls fo1· Evidence Private Schools District 4 (North Charleston)- are Legal A.ction b?ft.~ai ( Continued from Page 7) desegregated. "I recognize the right of these gentle Z~!!:.c:C In South Carolina, it is clear that men to criticize, but surely they must has operated continuously for the past segregated private schools stand to The largest number-279-have ap plied from Orangeburg. All but one Negro Teacher's feel an obligation to report any in· 63 years. suffer most from rigid enforcement of dications of subversive influences in The school is affiliated with the Title VI, which denies federal aid in of these are now attending Wade American Church Institute for Negroes, Hampton Academy, a private school our church, together with supporting any form to organizations that practice Lawsuit Argued evidence. Should this be presented to 1 a corporation of the Protestant EpIB:o segregation. which opened there in September. ~nn~ C pal Church in the United States which The other Orangeburg application me. I will, as bishop for the church All state-supported colleges are now A 1961 desegregation case against in South Carolina, bring every power operates five institutions for Negroes was filed on behalf of a student at desegregated except The Citadel and Orangeburg Regional Hospital in Co at my command to bear against it. in the South. all-Negro South Carolina State. Among tending Aileen Preparatory School, an lumbia Nov. 30. 'unuc H( The college is under the supervision "This is a serious implication and the state's 21 other colleges and uni exclusive school which has a number The plaintiffs was a former Orange of the Episcop,al Diocese of Mississippi. of the nation's wealthier families rep the use of it as a generality is cal 1 versities, only Wofford College (Metho burg Negro teacher and civil rights culated to damage an institution which ~ Prop( Direct control is vested in the board dist-supported) and Lander College resented in its student body. leader, Mrs. Gloria Rackley, who now has been a spiritual bulwark in South of trustees with the Rt. Rev. Duncan M. (which receives backing from Green It was considered unlikely that Aiken teaches in Virginia. She asked for an Carolina ... and ... one of the strong· Gray, bishop of the diocese, as chair wood County) have admitted Negro Preparatory would apply to the State man. injunction to end racial desegregation est forces against Communism. students. Department of Education for the in in the hospital. But in addition to Furman, Lutheran spection and approval. Principal Har "I can only hope that due weight old A. Fletcher said the board of Mrs. Rackley was amon g the Negro will be given by the Orangeburg lay What They Say -supported Newberry College has an parents who brought, on behalf of nounced a readiness to accept them. trustees, whose members live in vari men to the possible harm they might their children, the suit that resulted in Boldt told the educators that the ous parts of the country, does not do to our and their church and that Professor Says government w;:is awaiting the prepara meet until March. the desegregation of Orangeburg city this might temper their spirit of the The expected Sumter applicants at schools (Adams et at v. Orangeburg moment. tion of a uniform set of regulations School District 5). governing all agencies in the enforce tend Tho:trns Sumter Academy, another " In saying this, I know I speak for Compulsion Needed ment of the various provisions of the new school formed in the wake of A former state vice-president of the the vast majority of the 191,500 Meth· Civil Rights Law. (See Washington desegregation there. NAACP, she also was involved in racial odists in South Carolina." Dr. James W. Silver, a controversial Report.) University of Mississippi history pro fessor, said in an address in Chicago What They Say that progress in Mississippi could only be "compelled by law." M illcellaneou11 "Nothing would have happened if it hadn't been for the federal government and court orders," he told the American MPE Leader Rates Paper Attacks 'Marginal Mixing' Civil Liberties Union on Dec. 15. Dr. Silver, on a one-year leave of High in UPI Poll The alleged efforts of certain pro "But the same cannot be said of a absence from Ole Miss to teach at the racial admixture. Some institutions fessors and students lo speed deseg number of faculty members and stu have felt repercussions from parents University of Notre Dame, was at the Mrs. Gordon G. Henderson of Jack regation in South Carolina's colleges dent leaders who have assumed the state university when Negro James who take a dim view of such pro son, president of the statewide Missis drew the editorial fire of The State at sell-imposed mission of spurring the ceedings . .. Meredith became the first of his race sippians for Public Education, was a Columbia Dec. 29. cause of integration. These crusading lrnowingly admitted to the previously "We raise no great outcry over the close runnerup in the United Press In an editorial entitled "Marginal pioneers of the new order are quick situation . . . 1£ the students at ~ all-white school, enrolled under federal International contest for woman news Mixing," The State said: to seize every opportunity to bring court orders. various institutions want to dabble Ill maker of the year. 'Race-mixing is proceeding very while and Negro students together in racial integration, that is their decisiOJI. Dr. Silver also said Mississippi Mrs. Henderson, a college professor's slowly in formerly all-white colleges both scholastic and social activities, "Our chief concern is that the par· "comes as close to approximating a wife, headed the organization whose and universities in South Carolina whether on or off the campus. ents and the public be aware of the police state as anything in America." membership swelled to more than 1,000 so far as actual admission of Negro "In a very large measure they are fact that this is going on. And we He said there bas been some easing before public school segregation bar students is concerned. following (or paralleling) the lead of object £trenuously to the devious and of the political atmosphere in the state riers fell quietly in September in three "In the area o! extra-curricular ac church officials who deliberately use deceptive tactics of some professor& because among other reasons, of Mississsippi school districts. tivities, however, integration is moving student conferences . . . to stove in who deliberately entrap their students "blund~rs" made by the Citizens' Coun The organization was formed to help faster than the public and many par tegration down the throats of unsus in integration situations . . . ood cil. "public officials maintain the state's ents realize." pecting and frequently unprepared "We stand today, as we have st He noted that the council had pre public schools in a peaceful atmosphere After praising the handling of de Southern boys and girls. in the past, for freedom of association. dicted there would be no public school so that all Mississippi children may segregation by school administrators, "Here in South Carolina, more and !3ut we stand also !or forthright detld desegregation in Mississippi, although continue their education without inter particularly in regard to keeping the more student local gatherings-regional mgs with students with schools, an it came to the state last fall ruption." public informed, the editorial went on: and state-are serving as vehicles for with those who support' both .. · " SOUTHERN SCHOOL NEWS-JANUARY, 1965-PAGE 9 Florida NORTH CAROLINA aufJti (Continued from Page 7) ij Duval County was among the lowest The board's motion to strike also in the state. SACS also warned that un- challenged the plaintiffs' contention that Durham School Board Rejects less standards were raised, graduates of "many Negro students who reside Duval's high schools would not be ac- nearer to schools limited to white stu- cepted in its member colleges. dents are required to attend schools Other study groups have reported limited to Negro students which are far Racial Exchange of Teachers deficiencies in schools and classrooms, removed from the places and cities of and an abnormal turnover in teachers. their residences." Names and addresses WINSTON-SALEM Although citizens' groups were of each such person should be sup- children. He said, "It is not the re fonned to consider the warnings, no plied, the school board contended. EQUESTS BY A white college sponsibility of the parents or the chil North Carolina Highlights dren to desegregate schools, but the action was taken. School officials say No date has been set for a hearing R student to do practice teach responsibility of you board members." the trouble lies in the county's assess- on the motions. The Durham City Board of Edu bJif'alii ing in a Negro school and a Negro This point is part of the NAACP's ment system, real property being on cation refused to approve requests statewide campaign get school the books at about 41 per cent. A ~uit college student to do his work in a to boards by a white student to do practice rather than Negro parents to take the Pour1.., · now in court to compel reappraisal white school were turned down 5 * * * teaching in a Negro high school and first steps in desegregation of schools. ~t full cash value, bringing onto the Lee County Revises Plan Dec. 14 by the Durham City a Negro student to do practice teach tax rolls thousands of homes now The Negro group also asked for a 1 Board of Education. ing in a white high school. "plan toward the integration of fac 0cf L,l, exempt under the state's home- $5,000 Rejected by Federal Court ulty at all levels at the start of the stead exemption law. The school board voted 4-2 against Three Negro civil rights organiza the requests for two reasons: next school year." After its proposed grade-a-year de tions petitioned the Guilford County • It felt this problem should first segregation plan was rejected by the Board of Education to close three Howard Carr, chairman of the school be approached through its Study Com U.S. District Court at Tampa, the Lee unaccredited predominantly white board, said it may take "several * * * mittee on Integration of Professional State Official Named to Help County (Fort Myers) school board high schools. months" to "come to grips with this Personnel. drew a new one on Dec. 15. The re matter." Counties on DeBee