20184 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-- ~ HOUSE August 18-

EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS

The Middle Ground of a Midwest ting one against the other is a futile en-. men1;-have burgeoned so as to cast a huge deavor. Instead, the real challenge comes shadow over freedom of expression-and Republican in making our society, founded and built with the exercise of only a fraction of their with the individual as its chief concern, power potential. Their economic impact EXTENSION OF REMARKS better able to cope with the personal, politi­ upon the American way of life is so great cal, and philosophical problems we all must that even their implied interest is sumctent OJ' face. to infiuence the course of public and private Throughout our history, we Americans events. This infiuence is easily detected in HON. FRED SCHWENGEL have taken great pride in our individualism. positions taken by certain public opinion OJ' IOWA Necessarily, this national characteristic was journals. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES rugged in nature in the early days of the Government, acting dlllgently but with Republic. Pioneers struggling to develop a discretion, can prevent excessive concentra­ Tuesday, August 18, 1964 new land more often than not had only tion of infiuence. Reasonable enforcement Mr. SCHWENGEL. Mr. Speaker, as themselves to rely upon and be concerned of antitrust laws, for instance, keeps the size one who ha.s pleaded the cause of mod­ about. of individual economic units consistent with eration in political thought and action But as vlllages grew into cities and cities the size of the industry as a whole. In this into metropolises, we built a society that way, a monopoly of power is avoided and for some time, I was especially pleased changed the posture of our individualism. the vital interplay of varied interests in our to read the position paper of CoNGREss­ American Government, as originally con­ private enterprise system 1s preserved. MAN ROBERT TAFT, Jr., "The Middle ceived, was dedicated to promoting the gen­ Technological advance has created a dif­ Ground of a Midwest Republican," which eral welfare of all citizens at all times. It ferent kind of danger. It is implied in the appears in the August 22 issue of the laid the foundation of equal opportunity need for licensing limitations on the number Saturday Review of Literature. upon which we all might bull~ as individ­ of radio and television stations. Hopefully, uals seeking success, satisfaction, and se­ this governmental prerogative has not been Congressman TAFT's scholarly defense curity. Thus did we acquire the national of the moderate approach in the "per­ misused. But the temptation and danger trait of responsible individualism, in which inherent 1n it are ever present. The need petuation and preservation of respon­ the freedom of each man is guaranteed for and size of worldwide news services and sible individualism" provides guidelines through the freedom of all men. national publications present a slmllar po­ for the role of government in meeting As our Nation prospered, though, the im­ tential for control of information upon which the complex problems of the day. portance of the individual seemed to wane. pub11c and private conduct is based. This As a Midwest Republican who believes We became a "big" society, with "big" bust­ ness, "big" labor, "big" government. Hu­ danger is particularly acute in the case of that the middle ground provides the man values slowly but steadily were sup­ th.) rewrite man, who can infringe on in­ proper climate for the calm wisdom planted by material values. Property rather dividual freedom even when the original which must prevail in this age when an than person was placed on the pedestal of reporting is responsible. Only a vigilant unthinking decision can-literally­ pride. As our society grew bigger and our and vocal citizenry can provide adequate mean the end of all life on earth, I find values became more material, expressed and protection against the potential misuse of this treatise by our distinguished col­ implied controls became an impediment to vast powers of influence possessed by pub11c the exercise of individualism. information media. league, CONGRESSMAN TAFT, all the more Equally important is a pub11c demand for valuable in spelling out the proper course Today the world is divided over the propo­ sition that a system based upon a minimum full disclosure of essential facts for public for now and the future. of external authority over each individual, scrutiny. All too often, m111tary and diplo­ In bringing these remarks to the at­ consistent with the freedom of others from matic excuses tend to cover up bungling or tention of my colleagues, I am prompted such authority, is indeed feasible and de­ failure. The American public is entitled to to pay tribute to the able legislator from sirable. I believe deeply that it is both. decide its own fate, and essential to this Ohio whose credentials are considerable It is oversimplification to say that the process of freedom is open and candid pres­ as the son of "Mr. Republican," the late United States, the Western World, and their entation of the pertinent facts, within the Robert Taft, who served in the U.S. Sen­ institutions are wholly on one side or the bounds of national security. Frequently the other in this contest. Many political de­ complexity of issues causes citizens to accept ate from 1939 to 1953, and as the grand­ velopments and policies in the so-called pat answers willingly. Responsible tndlvld­ son of William Howard Taft who was liberal sphere of American life today move ualism demands their rejection. President of the United States from 1909 toward authoritarianism and away from in­ Preservation of free thought must be ac­ to 1913. In perpetuation of the Taft dividualism. The same can be said for the companied by a renewed tolerance of non­ leadership in national politics, RoBERT announced objectives and methods of certain conformity. Historically, the use of instinc­ TAFT, Jr., is presently Congressman at "conservative" groups. tive imagination and initiative has enabled Large from Ohio and is a candidate for If we are to make progress in restoring us to escape from established problem pat­ the U.S. Senate. His election in Novem­ responsible lndlvldualism to its historic posi­ terns and find adequate solutions. Hesita­ tion in America, llpservtce wm not suffice. tion enveloped in the fear of public rebuke ber will return the Taft influence to the There must be a renaissance of applied ethi­ inhibits the discovery of new ways and de­ U.S. Senate and give the body another cal precepts that are its integral and essential prives all of us of the products of our native moderate voice to consider issues of the parts. If they are to be reestablished and ingenuity. day with the calm wisdom which is so reinforced, each person must accept account­ Formal and informal education, primarily, necessary. abillty for the freedom of all others. In carry the respons1b111ty for preserving thought Under leave to extend my remarks, I this spirit, we can adopt a responsible ap­ and tolerance. And education can best be place the article by Congressman RoBERT proach to the problems that threaten the kept strong and stimulating by encouraging TAFT, of Ohio, "The Middle Ground of a constituent parts of freedom. its decentralization through local direction, Midwest Republican," in the _RECORD: These precepts must win ready and con­ local financing, and local control. Special tinued acceptance in the minds of most, if Federal programs and financing and the in­ THE MIDDLE GROUND OJ' A MIDWEST not all, of our citizens. They must become creasing growth of public colleges and unt­ REPUBLICAN dominant once more, not only in the actions versltles, as compared to private institutions, (By RoBERT TAFl', JR.) of our political leaders but in the affairs of point up the possible danger in our present The stampede of American polltical our educational, business, professional, and course. thought toward the poles of "conservatism" religious leaders. And this must take place Our acceptance of the principle of equal­ on the one hand and "liberalism" on the not only in our public life as a nation but in ity of opportunity, so basic to responsible other must be halted. Rigidity at both ends all segments of private society as well. individualism, implies underlying govern­ of the spectrum has become a refuge for Most vital to an individualistic· society is mental responsib111ty for primary and sec­ lazy minds and volatile emotions. It bars the precept of free expression, one th_at has ondary educa tlon. From this belief came our new approaches and stifies new ideas; it been nurtured slowly in Anglo-American public school system. But local control and ignores time-taught truths. As a result, it history. It 1s threatened today in several suppor1r-plus the competition of private in­ fails to answer the questions raised by dy­ ways. stitutions-have promoted freedom of namic changes in human relationships. The mere size and power of our institutions thought and variance of views. Both the liberal tradltlon of applying un­ pose serious danger. Perhaps this concen­ The trend toward uniform standards and tried concepts and the conservative tradition tration of infiuence 1s made necessary by methods, urged by education associations of relying on established tenets are essential the economics of our times. But these in­ and backed by Federal money, has been evi­ to the continued progress-and even sur­ stitutions--business and industry, organized denced 1n passage of the National Defense vival--of Western clvlllzatlon. Simply pit- labor, modern agriculture, groWing govern- Education Act and other Federal and State 1964 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD -HOUSE 20185 support programs. True, they can be justi­ would extend tax credits to those who pay · These precep~freedom of expression, fied when they are nec~ssary to provide & taxes to enable them to purchase private freedom of thought, freedom from excessiv& proper minimum level or as pilot programs. health insurnnce of their own choice and government, freedom of opportunity, andre­ But the shift of basic support-and with it, fitted to their own indiVidual specifications. spect for law and order-are not otfered as inevitably, the shift of control-from the For nontaxpa.yers, Government funds would the only ethical principles necessary and local community to another level of Govern­ be used (within limits) to purchase adequate vital to the continued enjoyment of an un­ ment creates a potential for conformity of health care coverage through private sources. fettered life. thought that is foreign to our historic prac- Despite the fact that the Bow plan is more But as fam111ar an invocation as they tices. It should be avoided. ~ extensive and less costly than that otfered by might be, they are our best guide toward Through modification of otir tax systems, the administration, it has been virtually the preservation and perpetuation of respon­ we should be inventive enough to enable ignored by administration policymakers and sible individualism in American society. local communities to care for all but emer­ members of the congressional majority. gency and extraordinary needs. We have They apparently prefer to enlarge an already moved in the opposite direction, unfortu­ too large Federal Establishment in order to nately, and responsible individualism com­ impose uniform coverage standards on each The Line Is Drawn pels us to reverse the trend. Use of tax individual, no matter what his particular credits and deductions and a reversal of Fed­ preference or need. In so doing, they strike eral preemption of local tax sources can re­ at the very fiber of responsible individualism. EXTENSION OF REMARKS store the proper perspective. The principle of equal economic opportu­ OJ' At levels beyond or after the secondary nity is inherent in the concept of responsible education level, the risk of thought control individualism. As much as anything else, HON. HERBERT C. BONNER decreases but does not disappear. The bil­ this is what the Civil Rights Act of 1964 is OJ' NORTH CAROLINA lions of Federal dollars spent on research all about. In recent years, unfortunately, IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES programs could be so tempting as to encour­ resistance to the acceptance of this concept age prejudicial channeling of these univer­ seems to have grown stronger rather than Tuesday, August 18, 1964 sity-based activities. Adult education, voca­ weaker. Denial of opportunity-by practice, Mr. BONNER. Mr. Speaker, under tional training, and manpower retraining local law, and even Federal regulation-ne­ leave to extend my remarks in the REc­ programs contain less danger since basic con­ cessitated Federal concern. At this point, trol rests at the State level. Requirements the denial of such equal opportunity to ORD, I include the following brochure for State-and, where appropriate, local­ American Negroes is a denial of the validity which was prepared for distribution participation in the financing affords similar of the concept involved and is wholly anti­ throughout the Army as . a part of the safeguards against external domination. pathetic to this essential.element of respon­ command information program: An essential tenet of individual freedom, sible individualism. THE LINE Is DRAWN fundamental to our way of life since prere-vo­ ·The same principle applies to young men lutionary days, has been that the taxing and women who aspire to a better life but (Extracts from the letters of Capt. J.P. power of Government is to be used only for lack the job skills necessary to achieve it, Sprulll, U.s. Army) areas of proper governmental concern. The to older people who are frustrated by arbi­ Capt. James Polk Spruill, U.S. Army, was drastic increase in extraordinary demands by trarily imposed retirement requirements, to killed when his vehicle struck a land mine the Federal Government for funds since experienced workers who are displaced by in Vietnam on April 21, 1964. 1932, as much as any other single factor, has automated machinery, to impoverished fami­ Captain Spruill's ideals, his respect for his interfered with the individual freedoms of lies who are denied the essentials of living fellow man, and his deep and abiding patriot­ Americans. It has deprived them, as in­ by the harsh economics of the day. In each ism are revealed in the excerpts from his dividuals, of the right to determine the ulti­ instance, our historic responsible individu­ letters to his wife which appear on the mate use of those resources taken from them alism makes it mandatory that we use the following pages. This eloquent young Army in the form of taxes. Instead, the use of forces and funds of public and private inter­ oftlcer understood and appreciated. his coun­ these funds has come to be bureaucratically ests to insure all those who harbor honorable try's dedicat1on to the cause of freedom all directed. Where the uses are proper ones­ ambitions an equal opportunity to fUlftll over the world. In the last analysis, he was national security or to insure basic safety or them. a soldier doing his duty in keeping with the to provide a minimum of well-bein.g for those One of the most perplexing problems our code of the soldier. unable to make their own way-few of us country now faces is that of a decline 1n Captain Spruill had his moments of doubt would gainsay them. But some aspects of public respect for and support of observance and discouragement. But he was sustained Federal ootion today raise deep doubts as to of law and order. It is as great a threat to by his belief in what he was doing and he their Justification. individual liberty as any that now exists. did his job with faith and enthusiasm There is no reason to catalog them here. Related to the race relations problem, it 1s Because of "his love and compassion for The CONGRESSIONAL RECORD is replete with by no means limited to it. the young Republic of Vietnam and especially specific citations. A recent and flagrant ex­ There can be no freedom for any individual the people," his wife, Barbara Spruill, sent ample was the payment of over $24 million 1n without some definition of the rights of each. excerpts of these letters to the New York public money to many privately owned­ Violations of those rights must be prohibited Herald Tribune "in the hope that all Amer­ and, in many cases, quite profitable-textile and prosecuted. One need only examine the icans would have the opportunity of reading manufacturers under the new cotton pur­ increased crime rate, the increase in juvenile them." She has been kind enough to au­ chase subsidy program. One large and af­ thorize this publication in this form in the delinquency, and the increase in nonsupport Army. fluent company received over $700,000 of tax­ cases to realize the major proportions of payers' money during a 2-month period. These letters are an inspiration to everyone the problem. Its remedy cannot and must who reads them. This money, paid to encourage the purchase not come, chiefly through establishment of a and use of higher priced American-produced STEPHEN AILEs, national police system. It must come Secretary of the Army. cotton, can be used nevertheless for any com­ through better local understanding and im­ pany purpose, including the payment of partial enforcement of law and order. Even Vietnam-it is 10,000 miles from New York dividends. more importantly, it must come through the Innumerable other examples, such as Fed­ to Vietnam, but Captain Spru11l's letters cultivation of public attitudes that we seem spanned the distance to relate this story to eral subsidization of electric power genera­ to be losing. tion and transmission fac111ties in competi­ his wife in Suffern: tion with private efforts, can be cited. At a time when the philosophical and prac­ SAIGON, November 9, 1963: "The 1i1ght was Regardless of the merits of the particular tical conflict of human rights and property long and tiring but otherwise uneventful. programs involved, their financing deprives rights has provoked bitter protest, the need Then came Saigon and a hair-raising, steep­ taxpaying citizens generally of the benefits for fair but firm enforcement of law and dive landing because of the danger of small­ reaped through the outlay of public money. order is crucial. The right to seek redress of arms fire. Received none and landed safely. Much too frequently, these actiVities con­ wrongs through public petition is recognized We were processed and then taken to the stitute an interference with individual and and respected, but its distortion and abuse Majestic Hotel in the heart of Saigon where local choice. cannot be tolerated. Utter disregard for in­ I am :Qow staying and where I will be untU The reluctance of the current adm1nistra­ dividual rights-whether human or prop­ Tuesday at noon. The time here in Saigon tion to give prompt and serious attention to erty-only perpetuates bitterness and bigotry is being taken up with much processing and the medical care proposal submitted by Con­ and makes the day of full human understand­ With receiVing my assignment. gressman FRANK Bow, of phio, serves as a ing and compatib111ty that much more re­ "By the way, my Vietnamese language vivid mustration of the regrettable tendency mote. works wonders here. So few Americans speak to rely on paternalistic government. The ad­ As individuals, we are obliged to protect it. I have spoken little else and believe it ministration's measure would attach the not only our own freedoms but those of thr1lls them. I can't get over how well I medical care program to the social security others as well. This can be accomplished understand them." system and thereby increase the poss1b111ty only through complete respect for and com­ A few days later he wrote from his first that the financing cracks now evident in the pliance with the laws of the land and the duty station: system might soon become irreparable fis­ community. Disobedience, on either side, VIN:a: LoNG, November 1963: "Today ts sures. The Bow bill, on the other hand, merely breeds disorder. Thursday and I am at my first duty station. 20186 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE August 18 I am at the end of the long "pipeline." I night. I gave him a pair of my boots but "I have had the most wonderful Christmas left Saigon on Tuesday at noon and flew from he wouldn't wear them. of my life because you three have given me Tan Son Nhut atrfleld to Sadec, headquarters He reacted to the news of President Ken­ the greatest gift of all-love. of the ARVN (Army of the Republic of nedy's death like Americans everywhere: "With the knowledge that where Christ­ Vietnam) 9th Division. I received my as­ VINH LoNG, November 28, 1963: "President mas and love are concerned there is no dis­ signment and was briefed there. Kennedy's death was a profound shock to tance, I am well pleased to greet you this day I am an adviser to the Cai Son Self-De­ me and I am still not over it. As the poet and to say as father and husband, Merry fense Corps Training Center. I will live said: 'Every man's death diminishes me.' Christmas and a Happy New Year." there with my two sergeants, who are the May God bless him." His thinking about night operations led greatest. Cal Son is about 15 kilometers He continued to learn about Vietnam: to a plan: from here. The accommodations there are CAISoN, December 4, 1963: "What a day I CAI SoN, January 7, 1964: "The plan of not as good as here in Vinh Long but I have had yesterday. Seemed as if I did more visit­ mine was enthusiastically received •by • • • it better tha.n many poor battalion advisers ing than usual and as usual I had to eat the Province Chief. My boss thinks it's the do. I have a. roof and walls and a. cot. We some things you wouldn't believe. For in­ greatest. I think it is a good plan." have a sun baked mud parapet around the stance, I had octopus and dried bananas. He expressed his conviction of a decisive house-and it is a. house, and a personal How's that for a real combination? victory: guard of nine men and one sergeant. The "Last night I taught the doctor, ~ieutenant VINH LONG, January 12, 1964: "I know guard is Vietnamese, everything in Cal Son H, and Lieutenant H to play cards (casino)­ that you read nowadays of defeat or of lack 1s Vietnamese. The sergeant in charge of and you have never seen anyone more thrilled. of progress. None of this bothers me because the guard wanted to line his men up for me. They love it with a passion. You should I am convinced that we can win it and win He was so proud when I agreed. They stood hear them talking about it. Sounds like a it decisively--on the ground and in the tall and were visibly impresed when I ad­ Chinese fire drill. night." dressed them off the cuff in their own lan­ "The Viets here are really friendly to me-­ And spoke of the imponderables of Viet­ guage." in fact when I ride along it's like being a nam: Captain Spru111 developed great admiration visiting president. The mothers bring their CAISoN, January 19, 1964: "Thanks for the for the Vietnamese: children to the doors and they all wave and news clipping and the Newsweek article. We VINH LoNG, November 20, 1963: "I am in cheer. Whenever I even ride by the school­ really get no news here. The article about Vinh Long today in order to attend a fare­ house, the teachers interrupt their work the Hamlet was very descriptive and accurate. well dinner for one of the officers here, and and stand up by their desks. They are real­ However, my place is a bit quieter. Last I wm return to Cai Son tomorrow morning. ly courteous to the extreme. night, for example, we showed a movie in the I actually miss Cal Son at the moment be­ "Things are nice and quiet here now. We market and that helps keep things quiet be­ cause the work is interesting to me and the have an ARVN battalion camped here and the cause the local VG like to see the movies too. 'Viets are just great. They stay over at my VC (Vietcong) don't like to mess with them." Strange thing to sit there in the night, a house all the time and I am getting so used Reflection on the approaching Christmas pistol in your hand and laugh at animated to Vietnamese that English is starting to season led to thoughts of friendship and cartoons with members of the VC." sound strange. I have already become good sacrifice: Captain Spurill described death among the friends with two key members of the training villagers: center and the Agrov111e. VINH LoNG, December 15, 1963: "Took a VINH LoNG, January 25, 1964: "Right now "Last night Major M told me that he had roll of color film yesterday while on the way I don't even want to think of anything. I written you a letter. That shows you what to Can Tho. Have to cross a ferry and got really shouldn't write you anything like this kind of man I'm working for. He is a pro­ shots of that. Also got some of "Wolf" who but do you remember that I mentioned a fessional and it is a rare privilege to work went with me. Some man. He and I have a little girl that I said was so cut.e. Well, with him. mutual admiration society going. Also his yesterday I helped the Cal Son medic keep "It is a~so a privilege to work with the wife and family .are extremely nice to her guts from falling completely out as we Vietnamese soldier. Frustrating at times me • • •. bandaged her punctured and severely burned • • • he is the most genutne and kind "By the time another letter gets to you, little body and those of three other children human I have met. Simple, humble, w1111ng Christmas will be there. God alone knows (VC white phosphorus mine) . Her little and warm-they are wonderful people. If how hard Daddy will reach out for you all eyes were burned shut, her nose and lips off, the press judges them harshly at times, it in his heart during that time. In a way it and skin off her entire body and every time would be well to remember that they have wm be a sad Christmas. But only in a selfish the embedded bits of phosphorus were ex­ had their independence only 9 years • • •. way. In a better, more. meaningful way, it posed to the air the poor thing smoked and '"It was brought to my .attention last night will be one of our best Christmases, for our screamed-and when she screamed her guts that we were once inadequately equipped and little family 1s giving of itself to the world. came out more. poorly trained and that professional 'soldiers We are sacrificing, you and I, for the good "I was the only one the people would turn came from afar to aid the fledgltng American of other people and that is truly Christ­ to, indeed could turn to. My sergeants and Army in its fight for freedom and internal like." I wrapped the children in our nylon blankets order. Two of these 'advisers' are well Captain Spruill developed his thinking to keep the air off the phosphorus and took known-Von Steuben and Lafayette. It is about .night operations: them to Vinh Long-a long dusty ride. The heartwarming to think that we now con- · VINH LONG, December 21, 1963: "At the little girl amazed me because she was st111 tinue the tradition of sacrifice fostered by moment I have a project I want to work on. alive when we got her there. She was put those two men when they aided a nation It is a proposal I have to eliminate all SDC in a chopper and taken to Can Tho. I do in need." outposts in the Province thus liberating all not know how she is, but I can guess. He took a warm interest in v111age prob­ SDC men. I would propose that I be allowed "When I got back in the late afternoon, lems-and the Vietnamese people: to train them in night combat and that they I went to the area where the children lived. CAI SoN, November 25, 1963: "Had to stop be employed as mobile strike forces at night. All at once people came from everywhere and for a while to talk to the leader of Cat Son It is in the night that the myth of the in­ surrounded me. I told them what I could Agrovme about possibility of having his vincible guerrilla must be destroyed • • •. about the children and suddenly all of them people dig ponds so we can stock them with "I am convinced that when the night be­ lay down in the dirt at my feet 1n the most fish that Eusom says they can get me. EUsom comes more ours than their's that events wm heart-melting demonstration of thanks I tells me that in 1 year 1 pair of fish wm take a · dramatic turn. W111 work on this have ever experienced. I shall never forget breed into 10,000 fishes. The people here are now and will close with another very Merry poor, the land is poor, and the fish are poor. that and I shall never forget that sweet little Christmas and may we both have a wonder­ girl, that poor tortured little female who had The Agrov1lle chief was thr111ed at the idea. ful New Year." The people could eat the fish, use them to nothing but me--and I was so inadequate. enrich the land, and start a. 'Nuoc mam' On Christmas day he thought of his fam­ She was two and a little doll. I felt as if I (fish sauce) industry • • •. ily: had died a little. "You can't imagine the comradeship and VINH LONG, Christmas pay 1963: "Last "Please forgive me for writing this. I must gratitude of these men when an American night, on Christmas Eve, I went downtown to stop now and in a couple of days the sun stands with them through danger. It seems a Catholic service. There were children every­ will shine again for me." to bring heart to them. They cheer and where and there was a Santa Claus • • •. He described the stoic Vietnamese and ex­ wave and yell 'Dia.-uy,' 'Dia-uy' which 1s I saw a small child that reminded me of an­ pressed his confidence in ultimate victory: their word for captain. other child I know and it was all I could do CAI SoN, February 23, 1964: "When they "Tonight I'm going to have one of my to keep sm1ling. But you know, the mother get wounded, no matter how bad it m.ay be, Viet friends for supper-a man called Wolf. read what was in m.y eyes and brought the you never hear so m.uch as a whimper. The His little boy is by my side now watching child over to me. For one warm moment only sound comes from the man's buddy who me write this. Wolf is a Canton chief East and West were one in heart. It was a generally bawls like a baby if the wound is and is much renowned for his fighting skill wonderful Christmas. I want you to under­ serious. Strange, but strangely logical for and courage. He's a sight to see and just ~tand that • • • my heart was so full of a people who have never been far removed likes the hell out of me for some reason. happiness and gratitude that it could not from the raw facts of life and death-never His foot is all swollen now from a. cobra hold it all. I was sublimely-happy because deeply involved in one, never far separated bite he received on an ambush the other I have had the three of yo"Q. from the other. I grow m.ore at,tached ~ 1964 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE 20187 them every day now and even look forward have never experienced so much interest and later was assigned to the infantry school as with dread to the time when I must leave devotion as I receive from them. an instructor. Cal Son and the many friends whose lives "A few nights ago I put in at a Self De­ In preparation for his assignment to Viet­ and fortunes I have been privileged to share. fense Corps fort called Phuc Quoi. They nam, Captain Spruill attended the special "I feel that there is too much talk of had a 40-man ambush going out as a result warfare course at Fort Bragg and studied despair. I warned you of that before I left. of a large experiment we've been running on Vietnamese at the Army Language School at You may remember. Above all, this is a night saturation patrolling. On that night Monterey, Calif., for 12 weeks. He arrived war of mind and spirit. And it is a war 1,000 separate ambushes were laid. As you in Vietnam in November 1963, and was as­ which can be won no matter what present know the SDC are close to my heart, so I signed as an adviser to the Cal Son Defense circumstances are. For us to despair would finally got permission to go with them after Training Center in the Mekong River Delta. be a great victory for the enemy. We must proving that they would take care of me. Captain Spruill was born at Winston­ stand strong and unafraid and give heart By golly, they actually are quite good. I Salem, N.C., on February 10, 1931. to an embattled and confused people. This was amazed with their skill at night-well, cannot be done if America loses heart. At at some of it anyway. I've been with this the moment my heart is big enough to sus­ particular group on four consecutive night tain those around me. Please don't let them ambushes and developed quite a rapport with back where you are sell me down the river them. The only trouble I had with them Reapportionment with talk of despair and defeat. Talk in­ was to get them to quiet down. They were stead of steadfastness, loyalty, and of vic­ all over me. I brought candy to them whicb EXTENSION OF REMARKS tory-for we must and we can win here. they all smacked on like little children. OF There is no backing out of Vietnam, for it They all brought their wives and children will follow us everywhere we go. We have to me and I had to tickle them all and lift HON. CLAUDE PEPPER them in the air. drawn the line here and the America we OF FLORIDA all know and love best is not one to back "The leader of the group was amazed that away. I would share my water with him. After the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES "I must admit that there are many mo­ first night nothing was too good for the Tuesday, August 18, 1964 ments of frustration in Vietnam • • •. But "Dai-uy." They even put straw on the that is exactly why we are here. It is exactly · ground where my position would be. Am­ Mr. PEPPER. Mr. Speaker, because in places and in circumstances such as this bushes require much patience and one can of the tremendous concern over the Su­ that communism gains its foothold. Com­ get most uncomfortable after 11 hours of not preme Court ruling dealing with there­ munism is the scavenger of the upheaval moving. So the straw was quite welcome. apportionment of the States I made a that comes with the modernization process The other night my position was smack in statement before panel No.1 of the plat­ and the age of rising expectations. the middle of a pig pen. What a stench. "Sometimes we are ready to say the hell And of course it got all over me. And the form committee of the Democratic Na­ with it. But then there are other times. damn pig was there with me. tional Committee and with permission For instance the other day when I found out "As I walked out of my pig pen and fol­ I enter that statement in the RECORD: that Wolf had risked going into Vinh Long lowed the still indistinct figure in front of It seems to me altogether right and proper to find out if I were safe. He knew I was me, I realized that I was walking into an that the Democra-tic Party which is the party in Saigon when the theater was bombed. He Easter morning sunrise." of the people, should in its national platform never told me about that. VINH LONG, April 10, 1964: "Much take a strong and forthright position in sup­ He describes a trip to Saigon: sweat-and I am afraid much blood-remain port of the decision of the U.S. Supreme VINH LoNG, March 16, 1964: "I have just to be shed. Progress will not be dramatic. Court upholding the right of the people to returned from Saigon and find many letters It will in fact be painfully slow. One of our be represented on the principle of one man from you. At the moment I am well rested biggest enemies now will be impatience and one vote in the legislative bodies of the and very happy. I managed to find a nice despair in America itself." States and in the Congress. Yet, today we little book of Vietnamese legends which I His last letter: see that reasonable and fair principle (and I needed badly for my personal research, and CAI SoN, April 19, 1964: "Chin up. See don't see how any principle could be fairer I can't wait to read them. you later." than the principle of one man one vote) is "Well, what can I tell you about Saigon? under bitter, determined, and sinister assault I grow to like it more and more, I can tell HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, from those who want to preserve and protect you that. I am learning its character, its Washington, D.C., June 25, 1964. the vested interests of politicians and the people, its sights, sounds, smells as I have Han. STEPHEN AILES, holders of political power and privilege -be­ never learned any city. It is sort of strange Secr etar y of the Army, cause they represent more space than they but I feel more at home in Saigon than in Washington, D .C. do people. any city I have ever been associated with. MY DEAR MR. SECRETARY: It was my privi­ This landmark decision .of the U.S. Su­ While there I made mental plans to take lege to appoint James Polk Spruill to the preme Court today is not only itself the sub­ many rolls of film for you. Perhaps you will U.S. M111tary Academy at West Point in 1950. ject of assault but it is the avenue through capture some of the feeling I have for the His- mother, who ran a cafeteria in Plym­ which the indepen,dence and the integrity of city. outh, N.C., brought the young man to see me the judicial system of this country is under "Boy, I had some delicious steaks while in and requested the appointment. There was dangerous attack. For what is proposed is Saigon. And I went to a film you would never any doubt in my mind from the first nothing less than that the Congress attempt love. The music, the clothes, the scenery, time I saw him that he would develop into to deny to the Federal courts of this country the story, and the photography were all mag­ a fine citizen and soldier. the protection of rights and privileges which nificent. It was made in Japan and the dia­ James Spruill graduated from the Military the U.S. Supreme Court, the constitutional logue was in Japanese. However., it had Viet Academy in June 1954. Untll his promising integrity of the Constitution, has held, that and French subtitles so I could follow it well. career was brought to an end in the fighting the citizens of this country are entitled to I wish you could just hear the music. It is in Vietnam on April 21, 1964, he served in enjoy. really heroic and on a grand scale. And the the finest tradition of American military This is not the only attack upon an inde­ scenes of the human misery were like noth­ service. pendent judiciary through the forum of the ing you have ever seen on fili:n before. I felt Captain Spruill's example of selfless service Congress but it is an attempt to induce Con­ wonderfully at ease watching this Asian film is something in which all Americans can take gress to usurp power to deny the judicial and sitting among an all-Asian audience. I pride. These letters to his wife tell us a. protection of the constitutional rights of our had the feeling that I was beginning to com­ great deal about the idealism, strength of people, which power the Congress, under our prehend something without knowing really purpose and dedication which filled his life. Constitution, does not possess. what it was." His words will be an inspiration to all Ameri­ Under _the Constitution, legislative power A soldier studies and practices war: cans who carry on the never-ending task of is vested in the Congress, not judicial or VINH LONG, March 21, 1964: "You wouldn't defending freedom. executive. The protection of the constitu­ guess what I am doing in my spare time. I'm Sincerely, tional rights of our citizens is vested in the taking a correspondence course from Fort HERBERT C. BONNER, judicial system of our Government. Bragg on Counterinsurgency and Psychologi­ House of Representatives. For example, recently the U.S. Supreme cal Warfare. It's long and demanding, but Court held that a defendant charged with a really quite good. It's interesting to study JAMES POLK SPRUILL, CAPTAIN, U.S. ARMY felony in a State court could not be legally the stuti while you're smack in the middle Captain Spruill was commissioned in the convicted unless he had or was tended by of it." infantry af·ter his graduation from the U.S. the State qualified counsel. Does any mem­ VINH LoNG, March 30, 1964: "Yes, the lan­ Military Academy in 1954. He attended the ber of this committee believe that if the guage training is paying off just as you men­ Infantry omcers Basic Course and the Congress were to attempt to say that that tioned. I · am able to get very clOse to the Ranger School. He served as a platoon right could not be enjoyed by a defendant people. I have developed to the point that leader in the lOth Infantry Division at Fort charged with a felony in a State court and I go among the soldiers alone with· no in­ Riley and in Germany and then jomed the the denial of that right could not be prop­ terpreter. I refer of course to operations. I 2d Infantry Division at Fort Benning. He erly protected in a proper U.S. court? 20188 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE August. 18 Further, the U.S. Supreme Court a bit ago wish to deny representation on the basis of with you in the prayer and hope that the held that children could not be denied ac­ equity to the people. friendship between Finland and America will cess to public schools of this country because As Thomas Jefferson said in the Declara­ always endure without compromise or inter­ of race or color. Could the Congress of the tion of Independence, "Governments derive ruption." United states set aside that decision of the their just powers from the consent of the In many ways today our friendship and U.S. Supreme Court and deny to the Federal governed." Let's not perpetuate a govern­ esteem for Finland is demonstrated. As courts the protection of these constitutiona1 ment based upon the denial of the right of one who welcomes and encourages expanded rights? the people to give their consent but let us trade between our two countries, it is reas­ It may be assumed for the sake of argu­ perpetuate a government truly based upon suring to know that a conscious effort is ment that under the judiciary article of the the consent of the people. All America is being made in both countries to increase the Constitution Congress can abolish the U.S. listening for the Democratic platform to :fiow of two-way trade between Finland and district courts since it has the power to es­ come out strongly and forthrightly for the the United States. The growth of travel be­ tablish those courts. But so long as the constitutional system which has made us tween our people is another reassuring de­ courts exist can the Congress deny to the the greatest Nation in the world and for velopment, since it helps deepen the close U.S. district courts the right and power, in­ the protection of the rights of all the people bonds which exist between us and tends to deed the duty, when prop.er application is of this country. remind us of the underlying concepts we made to protect constitutional rights of share about human dignity and the rights of our citizens. man. I am sure that fair interpretation of the Finland, with 1ts vigorous free enterprise judiciary article will not so hold. My State Finland's Contribution to American system and democratic government, has of Florida is particularly interested in this proved by her stirring example the values in­ subject and especially so is Dade County, a Civilization herent in freedom-and the importance of part of which I have the honor to represent its preservation at all costs. in Congress. Prior to the Baker case, Dade EXTENSION OF REMARKS County with one-fifth of the population of FINLAND'S CONTRIBUTION TO AMERICAN OF the State had one senator out of a senate of CIVILIZATION 38 and four representatives out of a house of HON. PHILIP J. PHILBIN A granite monument in Chester, Pa., and 95 in the Florida Legislature. After the a memorial plaque on the opposite shore of Baker case was decided and a three-judge OF MASSACHUSETTS the Delaware River at Finn's Point, N.J., Federal court held on our constitutional ap­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES commemorate the arrival of the first Finnish portionment under the Constitution, the Tuesday, August 18, 1964 pioneers on this continent more than 800 Legislature of Florida to avoid reapportion­ years ago. ment by the Federal courts, finally reappor­ Mr. PHILBIN. Mr. Speaker, 3 years As Finland was then a part of Sweden, tioned the State after a fashion. As a result ago it was my privilege to cite the splen­ the colony founded in 1638 was named New of the new apportionment, Dade County did special section of the New York Sweden. From 1638 to 1654 the land along with one-fifth of the population of the State Times, entitled "Finland-Nation of In­ both shores of the Delaware was the colony's got 2 senators out of a senate of 45 and territory and a succession of ships brought 14 representatives out of a house of 105, in tegrity." Today I should like to salute additional settlers of which at least half the legislature. The progress toward fair both the supplement which the Times were Finns. Many settlements developed representation which our people have gained published on March 15 of this year, un­ along the river. One was on the present site has been due to the decision of the U.S. der the title "Focus on Finland," and of Philadelphia and was called "Sauna," a Supreme Court holding that the courts of the memorable address, "Finland's Con­ Finnish word meaning Finnish steam bath or the country under the Federal Constitution tribution to American Civilization," de­ bath house. From earliest times the Finnish have a right to hear the complaint of any livered on April16 by Finnish Ambassa­ settlers have always built saunas first, using citizen who is not fairly represented in his them as temporary dwellings until a more State legislature. Under the latest decision dor Richard R. Seppala at Suffolk spacious house was built. As the Finns were of the U.S. Supreme Court • • • Dade University in Boston. the first pioneers to settle where Philadelphia County will get a representation of substan­ With regard to the special supplement is now, it is not surprising that the place tially one-fifth of the State senate and one­ in the New York Times, which contained was once called Sauna. fifth of the State house of representatives a significant introductory statement by Other Finnish settlements were called because we have one-fifth of the State popu­ President Lyndon Johnson, included Finland and Upland and were at the site lation. But that will vastly increase Dade were a number of articles attesting to. of what is now Chester, Pa. A sizable colony County representation in the State legis­ of Finns settled in present-day New Jersey lature and give us that equality of one man the industrial enterprise and cultural around what is still known as Finn's Point. one vote which is the truly democratic prin­ contributions of this democratic coun­ The Finns built their log cabins and saunas ciple upon which such apportionment try. like their forefathers in Finland had done should rest. Those who oppose these meas­ Under unanimous consent I place for more than a thousand years. The log ures therefore attack our judicial system and President Johnson's noteworthy words cabins became the pride and symbol of pio­ its integrity and thereby endanger every about Finland in the RECORD. I also in­ neer life as the Finnish sauna baths are to­ constitutional right which every citizen of clude therein the meaningful address day, becoming more and more popular in America enjoys today. Those who attack this country. the one-man-one-vote decision of the Su­ of Ambassador Seppala, whose lecture We learn from a history of this colony, preme Court are seeking to freeze modern was one in the Edward L. Bernays published in 1702, that in the settlement day America with its urban problems into Foundation series sponsored by Suffolk called Finland, the Finns lived without forti­ the pattern of a past America of rural pat­ University on "Europe's Contribution to fications, at peace with the Indians. To­ tern. They are trying to freeze political American Civilization": gether with the Swedes, they founded the privilege and power into the hands of sena­ first town, built the first schools and roads, tors and representatives to represent space PREsmENT JOHNSON'S MESSAGE established the first courts and constructed and trees and water and to deny such power The friendly, forward-looking, freedom­ the first churches in the Delaware Valley, and to senators and representatives to represent loving Finnish people well deserve the deep in so doing, made an important and lasting people. They want to perpetuate privilege respect which we in the United States have contribution to American civilization. and power to benefit the few and to do so for them and their heritage. The tenacity Although 16 years after its founding, the they are willing to deny the equitable rights of purpose which they have exhibited, even colony of New Sweden passed under Dutch of the many. in the face of the most adverse circum­ rule and 8 years later to the British, the set­ If we are to meet the problems of urban stances, and in their dedication to the basic tlers remained and were even increased by America today those problems must be in principles of liberty are two traits of the newcomers. They retained their identity­ the hands of the people elected by our citi­ Finnish people which have special appeal for linguistic, religious, and cultural-but ulti­ zens whose lives are a part of the urban me. mately merged with the mainstream of America to have the association, the knowl­ The warmth of the reception my family American nationality. The historical fact re­ edge, the point of view about urban problems and I received on our visit to Finland last mains, however, that the Finns were one of which wm enable them to understand them September is a memory I shall cherish al­ the nationalities that helped to settle the with their heads and solve them with their ways. During that trip, on September 7, Original thirteen States of the Union, the 1963, I made an observation before Finn­ others being the English, Dutch and Swedes. hearts. ish Parliamentarians in Helsinki which I Let the Democratic Party speak out in Even today, some old names in Pennsylvania should like to underline again: and Delaware could be traced back to their words that shall be heard round the world "From afar, we of America have watched Finnish origin. Only a few are found in his­ that we are more perfectly, with every pass­ w1 th admiring respect the courage of the tory books, because history in those days was ing day, making America in practice the de­ Finnish people in defending and preserving not so much written as it was made by the mocracy of which we preach to other people their rights to govern themselves. • • • work and toil of these early settlers. Some of around the world. Let the Democratic Party, We of America are proud to count your coun­ them, however, are still remembered like the party of the people, rebuke those who try and your people as old friends. We join Long Finn or John Finn, who was maybe 1964 CON.GRESSIONAL RECORD -HOUSE 20189 the first true rebel against the colonial rule. United States--immigrants and second gen­ Finns are an artistic race also, having one But he lived too early and suffered for it. eration (one of the parents being a Finn)­ of the richest traditions in folklore and John Morton, the man who cast the decid­ never exceeded 150,000 in any given year ac­ popular music. Since 1880, nearly every ing vote in favor of the Declaration of In­ cording to the official American statistics. Finnish temperance and church society has dependence, was luckier. It seems that his Several unofficial estimates included all peo­ had a choir, orchestra, or amateur theater great-grandfwther was Martti Marttinen, ple of Finnish origin who still knew Finnish group. The American Journal of Folklore born in Rautalampi, Finland, in 1606. He or Swedish or who otherwise coUld be counted wrote in October 1934: "The Finns in Minne­ came with his young son, Martti Marttinen, as Finns. These estimates vary between sota have maintained much of the folklore Jr., through sweden to Delaware in 1641. 300,000 and 400,000 as maximum on any of their homeland and have greatly enriched Their name, Marttinen, was later changed given year. This is understandable if we the musical life of the State." Finnish folk­ many times in Swedish and British official take into account the fact that the total lore had a special infiuence on Longfellow records to Martenson, Marten, Martin, and population of Finland was, at the turn of the when he wrote "Hiawatha." He had read finally Morton. What Morton, with the other century when immigration was at its highest, with great interest the German translation Founding Fathers, accomplished was fore­ only about 2¥2 million, and today, when im­ of the Finnish national epic, "Kalevala." seen may years earlier by another well-known migration has slowed down, 4¥2 million. Nathan Haskell Dole wrote in his introduc­ Finn, the naturalist, Peter Kalm. He was the During these past decades, the Finns set­ tion to "Hiawatha" in February 1898: "But son of a Finnish pastor and professor in the tled mainly in the Middle East and northern­ it is not extravagant to claim that just as University of Turku, then the capital of Fin­ most States of the east and west coast as Virgil imitated Homer, so Longfellow more land, traveled widely in America from 1748 already indicated. In these areas, the immi­ or less consciously inlitated the Suomi epic to 1751 as the first investigator of plant and grants toiled mainly in the mines, lumber (Kalevala), nor does it detract from the animal life here. This famous scientist camps and railway construction works, and value or interest of the poem." prophesized: "If the French can be driven later, as pioneers. It has been said that no In other artistic fields, as well, there has from the American continent and the In­ nationality of comparable size dug more iron been a rich exchange between our countries dians defeated, then the American colonies and other metals out of the earth of this to this day. Both Finnish-American and will fight Great Britain and win their in­ country than the Finns. American choruses, orchestras and conductors dependence." As Finland is st111 today a country of for­ have visited Finland as have similar Finnish After the death of the main promoter in ests, the Finnish immigrants were used to groups, conductors, singers, and actors visited Sweden of the Delaware colony, a Finnish ·heavy forest work and carpentry of every this country. Our distinguished composer nobleman named Klaus Fleming, and the kind. In this respect, Professor Van Cleef and conductor, Oskari Merikanto, visited this passing of the settlement to the Dutch rule from Ohio University writes about the Finns: country in 1900 and many artists and con­ and some years later, to the British, interest "In efficiency in the mines, the Finns rank ductors have followed since. In 1914 our close to the top. They make good timbermen famous composer, Jean Sibellus, made an in emigration to America faded in Finland extensive visit to this country, and not long and Sweden for a long time. Occasionally, in the underground mines for they are re­ puted clever and ingenious with the ax and afterwards, the conductor of the Minneapolis Finnish sailors arriving at the ports of the the log." Symphony Orchestra, Mr. Oberhof, intro­ north, south, and west coasts, would be The majority of the Finnish immigrants duced the traditional presentations of Sibel­ found searching for their fortunes in the ius' music here. New World during the following century. came originally from agricultural life. It is not surprising, therefore, that they found In recent years, Finnish designers of fur­ As a consequence of the Napoleonic wars their steps leading back to farm life in Amer­ niture, glass, ceramics, and textlles have in Europe, Finland was separated from Swe­ ica. It was the aim of most of those who be­ had an important infiuence on contempo­ den and passed under the rUle of Russian gan working in the mines and lumber camps rary American design and 11 ving as part of czars in 1808. Then from 1830 to 1840, a to obtain homesteads or to buy farms as soon the recent Scandinavian revival in this considerable number of Finns immigrated to as they had the means to do so. They gen­ country. Alaska, which also belonged to Russia at the erally obtained 40 to 120 acres, often cutover Physical education, gymnastics, wrestling, time. Alaska even had two Finnish Govern­ land in Michigan, filed for a homestead in and track and field sports were very popUlar nora: Admi~l Etholen in 1840, and Captain Minnesota, or bought a rundown farm in in Finland at the time of the largest immi­ Furuhjelm in 1859. A considerable amount western New York, Connecticut or elsewhere. gration to the United States. Therefore, it of trade developed between Finland and Then they settled down to work and often was only natural that young Finns in this Alaska and numerous Finnish ships trans­ cleared the stumpy land, acre after acre, country founded sports clubs which have ported goods and emigrants around Cape making of these virgin or rundown lands given a valuable support even to American Horn to Alaska. Later, when Alaska was :flourishing farms. They were not only handy Olympic teams. Particularly, Finnish long sold in 1867 to the United States, many Finns in t1lling the soli, but they built their own distance runners, who visited America stayed on and settled, particularly around homes, shoed their own horses, and showed (some settling here) have been an inspira­ the Sitka. The descendants of these early sklll in dlfferent kinds of manual work. In tion to the youth of this country. The Finns and those who came later, played an the Scientific Monthly, May 1923, Professor most famous of these sportsmen is "the Fly­ important part in the development of this Van Cleef writes that "the Finn is thrifty ing Finn," Paavo Nurmi, who during the territory, which now, a century later, has be­ and independent. Both of these qualities 1920's and 1930's held most world records on come the 50th State of the Union. The Finns are the consequence of his life upon the farm distances over a mlle. Recently, Nurmi in Alaska were not only early pioneers, hunt­ in his native country where isolation and the visited this country again as a sports veteran ers and fur traders, fishermen, and gold dig­ struggle against the odds of nature challenge and was received by the President of the gers, but also administrators, mayors, and the strongest and bravest of men. He has United States and welcomed by all sports­ officials who advanced law and order in this consequently developed a penchant for work, men, particularly by those who remembered (at the time) faraway land. a tenacity of purpose, and a sklll in farm him from his days of glory. The great :flow of emigration from Finland management which may well be the envy of Today, as American citizens, descendents of over the Atlantic began, however, in the lat­ the peer of America's best farmers." Finnish immigrants are university profes­ ter part of the last century. In 1865, a group Most of these emigrants came here with sors, educators, 1awyers and others, have of 35 Finns arrived in upper Michigan. From little means to search for a better Ute or to achieved success and high positions in busi­ then on, more and more came to Michigan earn money to return home and buy a farm. ness and industry. Although most of them and Minnesota where they found work in Therefore, the first generation, except in a no longer speak our language, they have their mines and iron furnaces, lumber camps, and few cases, could not start industries or com­ roots in Finland and form a firm link be­ in agriculture. Some remained on the east mercial enterprises. From early times, how­ tween our two countries. This bond, which coast in New York and in the New England ever, the Finnish emigrants have been pio­ was established by early settlers from Fin­ States where there· are today several Finnish neers in establishing cooperatives in such land, has widened and strengthened since communities, particularly in Massachusetts, fields as agriculture, dairy farming, reta11 Finland became an independent country in Connecticut, and Maine. Between 1871 and stores, and insurance. It has been said that 1917. The best known and most popular 1873 Finns were pushing their way to the if two Finns meet they are either on their American in Finland !rom this time on, is furthermost western points of the country; way to their cooperative or their sauna bath. President Herbert Hoover. It was mainly to Astoria, Oreg. (where they have held an Both these, even today, are most important; thanks to his support and insistence at the important place as fishermen), and to the one to the economic and the other to their Paris Peace Conference that the Allled Gov­ State of Washington. The depressions which physical well-being. Thanks in part to these ernments recognized our independence; and occurred in the United States in the years institutions in their life, many Finns from it was the rellef action led by him after the 1873 and 1893 temporarily slowed down emi­ later generations have reached the top even First World War, that saved Finland from gration from Finland. It increased later in private business and industry. There are starvation in 1918. We are still paying the and reached its peak at the turn of the last many outstanding engineers of Finnish de­ war debt which came out of this American century and continued to be high until the scent and Finland has given this country sev­ action; but, as we are the only nation that outbreak of the First World War and soon eral outstanding architects of which the Saar­ paid our war debt from that time, the pay­ thereafter. inens--father and son-are the most fa­ ments have been made available in the form Finnish immigration to the United States mous. Our best llving architect, Alvar Aalto, of scholarships for students and young remained, however, rather modest in com­ who last year received the Gold Medal of the scholars from both countries. Some Amer­ parison to that o! many other European na­ Institute of American Atchitects, has been icans have gone to Finland to study but most tlonalltles. The number of Finns ln the both lecturing and teaching in this country. or the funds. have benefited Finnish youth 20190 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE August 18 wishing to study here. Thanks to these and plores the pending administra.tion bill to it doesn't work. Certainly, no plainer or other funds, about 100 to 150 of our young eliminate the nationa.l. origins system from more compelling arguments could be ma..de scholars study in American universities or our immigration laws. Mr. Turner says he for changing this sys•tem. other institutions each year, strengthening believes the present system is sa;tisfactory The a..dministration's pending immigra­ the cultural relations between our countries. and that in 36 years as a Foreign Service tion bill seeks to change that system and Soon after the First World War, permanent officer of the State Department he has neveil' establish a system that works in the na­ trade relations between Finland and the heard foreigners criticize the na;tional origins tional interest. It would increase the United States were established which were provision of our immigration laws. amount of authorized immigration by only a interrupted only by the last war. We export It is my firm conviction that this national fra..ctl.on-from 157,000 to 165,000. But it mainly paper, pulp, plywood, furs, ceramics origins system oauses our Nation grea..t harm would, at the same time, gra..dually eliminate and glassware and buy from this country both at home and abroad, and that it should the present system and provide us with the .machinery, grain, tobacco, chemicals and be era..dicated. from our law. flexibility necessary to deal with problems fruits. Our mutual trade is well balanced­ This national origins system was conceived of fairness and of foreign policy. about $50 million annually each way. There in a spirit of mistrust of ce1'tain racial groups, Both major parties and four successive is also an increasing tourist trade, which in southern and eastern Europe and else­ Presidents have urged a revision of the im­ benefits both countries materially as well where. Its original stated purpose was bald migration laws. Pres1dent Kennedy recom­ as culturally. discrimill81tion-to preserve what was be­ mended this legislation to Congress and Political relations between Finland and lieved to be the racial and ethnic composition President Johnson has firmly endorsed it. the United States are traditionally friendly. of our population in 1924. Every American should support the change. Finland is a neutral country, like Sweden, This system is a blot on our relations with RoBERT KENNEDY, maintaining good relations with both West other countries. It violates our basic na­ Attorney General. and East. Finland's policy is to remain out­ tional philosophy because it judges individu­ WASHINGTON, August 11, 1964. side great power conflicts of today; this is als not on their worth, but solely on their understood and accepted in the East as well place of birth---or even where their ancestors as in the Western world. This was confirmed happen to be born. I know from my own by President Kennedy when our President experiences abroad how deeply this system visited the United States in 1962, and again hurts us. I have been asked how a country Grant by National Science Foundation of by President Johnson, when he, as Vice Presi­ which professes that all men are equal could $870,000 dent, with Mrs. Johnson, visited Finland last permit a system which treated immigrants so year. Both of these visits were highpoints unequally. It is a difficult criticism to in the long tradition of friendship between answer. EXTENSION OF REMARKS our countries, the development of which I UNFILLED NEEDS OF have tried to describe. There is an inscrip­ This system fails to fulfill our own needs tion on one of the many Finnish monuments at home. An unskilled laborer from a north­ HON. BARRATT O'HARA in this country: "A strong will takes a man ern European country can come here wlt_h­ OF n.LINOIS through gray granite stone." It is this will out delay or difficulty. But a particularly IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES that has helped build both our nations, our well-qualified scientist, or engineer--or civilizations and our freedom, which we shall chef-from one of a number of other coun­ Tuesday, August 18, 1964 defend, if necessary, with the same strong tries experiences great difficulty and long Mr. O'HARA of Tilinois. Mr. Speaker, resolve. delay. Thus there are no visas now avail­ able for a Korean radiation expert, a Japa­ when I came to the Congress in 1949 from nese microbiologist, a Greek chemist, a skilled the district in Illinois in which is located The Attorney General and Our teacher of the deaf from the Ph1lippines­ the University of Chicago, I was deeply and many others like them. Yet all want to interested in the creation of a Federal Immigration Policy come here, all are needed, and all a:re wanted. agency to promote basic scientific re­ The time has come for us to insist that the search. It seemed to me vital to our EXTENSION OF REMARKS quota system be replaced by the merit sys­ position, in a modern world that our OF tem. Nation, which had accomplished so much This system inflicts cruel and unnecessary in the field of applied science, now should HON. WILLIAM F. RYAN hardship on the fam1lies of many American reach out for supremacy in the field of OF NEW YORK citizens and resident aliens. Again and again they are deprived of the chance to basic science. The challenge seemed all IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES bring brothers and sisters or other close the more commanding since we no longer Tuesday, August 18, 1964 relatives to this country because quotas m could fall back on the basic scientists their native countries are oversubscribed. of Germany, upon whcm we had de­ Mr. RYAN of New York. Mr. Speaker, The national origins quota system makes it pended in large measure, as we went our with the passage of the Civil Rights Act easier for a man to bring a maid to this way of progress and prosperity, in applied of 1964, and the antipoverty bill, this country than to bring his mother; · a system science. Congress has brought our society closer which can so distort human values must be I am happy that I was privileged not to the goal of equality. As part of this revised. all important effort, the immigration law Finally-and ironically-the national ori­ only to testify before the committee in gins system does not even achieve its own the 81st Congress that had under con­ should be revised now. I have intro­ purposes. It assigns an overwhelming num­ sideration the bill creating the National duced H.R. 7740, which would do so. ber of quota visas to the countries of north­ Science Foundation but to arrange for Our present immigration laws based on ern and western Europe-which do not use the appearance of a number 'of distin­ the 1920 census and the quota system them all. For example, out of about 83,000 guished authorities on the subject from are grossly inequitable and inconsistent numbers assigned annually to the British with our fundamental principles. The Isles, only about 32,000 visas are used, the facility of the University of Chicago. Attorney General, Robert F. Kennedy, The 51,000 unused numbers cannot be re­ The National Science :Foundation was has stated the case for the passage of the assigned; they are lost. Meanwhile, the established in 1950, in the 2d session of administration's immigration bill, which quotas of many other countries are over­ the 81st Congress, as an independent I have cosponsored, in a letter to the New subscribed with the names. of thousands of agency of the Federal Government, and eligible immigrants eager to come to this its accomplishments have surpassed the York Times published on August 14, country. Thus the ratio of immigration 1964. The Attorney General points out large expectations of its early friends and sought by the national origins system is not advocates. that the present immigration system maintained, nor can it be. "damages America in the eyes of the The Foundation recently gave a grant world • • • deprives us of able immi­ SPECIAL LAWS of $875,200 to the Chicago Natural His­ Further, the pressures which result from tory Museum. grants who contributions we need • • • this system have forced Congress to enact inflicts needless personal cruelty on large special laws from time to time in recent EXPLORE MAN AND HIS WORLD numbers of American citizens and resi­ years authorizing visas for people waiting Founded in 1893, Chicago Natural His­ dents. And it does not work." in oversubscribed countries. The result is tory Museum is one of the world's great I strongly urge all my colleagues to a further departure !rom the ratio which museums of natural science. It has the na~ional origins system was designed reached this position as a result of its read the following letter: to continue. KENNEDY ASSAn.S VISA BAN; ATTORNEY GEN­ This system damages America in the eyes comprehensive educational programs and ERAL ADVOCATES END TO NATIONAL ORIGINS of the world. It deprives us of able immi­ its contributions to knowledge through SYSTEM grants whose contributions we need. It in­ scientific research. · To the EDITOR: In a letter to the editor flicts needless personal cruelty on large num­ The purpose of all basic scientific re­ published August 10, Willia.m A. Turner de- bers of American citizens and resi~nts. And search is· to understand man and the 1964 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD -· HOUSE 20191 incredibly complex world in which he birds and mammals, the Oceanic and geological holdings, together with the new Tibetan ethnological artifacts, and the construction within the museum building, lives. Man constantly seeks to manipu­ will create an outstanding national center late his environment for his own ' ends, primitive art. for research on fossil invertebrates. and to do this intelligently he must un­ In each of the museum's four depart­ derstand not only how nature operates ments-anthropology, botany, geology, The National Science Foundation today, but also how the world of nature and zoology-the collections are system­ grant provides funds to roof over a light came to be. For everything in the world, atized, cataloged, and often photograph­ well between two wings in the northwest from a chromosome to a mountain range, ically documented. Scientists and schol­ quadrant of the museum building at the is the product of forces that have been ars from every part of the globe come to second- and third-fioor levels. Within acting throughout the history of the uni­ the museum to study these materials. this space, two new bearing fioors and a verse. Research at Chicago Natural His­ Specimens are also lent to specialists mezzanine are to be built. tory Museum contributes to our under­ throughout the world. The museum This new area, together with remod­ standing of these forces. publishes research based on study of the eled space now occupied by the museum In this approach to nature, the mu­ collections by its own scientists or those geologists, will house a diagnostic X-ray seum scientist's first step is to gather associated with other institutions. unit for radiographic study of rocks and representative samples of the living and Since World War II, the resources of fossils; a photographic laboratory; a physical universe so that they can be ~n­ the museum have been made increasingly new rock-sectioning laboratory; and a vestigated in the laboratory. The uni­ available to universities responsible for thin-sectioning laboratory, where rocks verse is too unyielding to be studied in the training of graduate students. Semi­ are ground to translucence. The Chal­ its entirety. The most important func-: nars, aided by study of specimens, are mers Mineralogical Laboratory will be tion of the museum, therefore, is to col­ held in museum laboratories. Museum enlarged. lect and store samples drawn from the specialists-many of whom also hold aca­ A classroom and several study rooms vastness of nature. Next, these samples demic appointments on the faculties of for graduate students are planned, as are analyzed in order to extract an­ local universities-lecture to graduate well as office space for museum research swers to some of the questions nature classes and supervise doctoral theses. associates and visiting scientists. The poses. Thus the collections and the museum geology library will be enlarged and The first fruit of this approach is an professional staff play a vital role in the space allotted for a paleontology library. inventory of nature itself-the ·orderly preparation of students who plan careers The entire second fioor and mezzanine classification of minerals, rocks, fossils, in the natural sciences. of the former light well is to be devoted living plants and animals, and the ob­ To keep pace with new discoveries and to the housing of geological specimens, jects of human cultures. But museum trends in research, collections are con­ ip.cluding the Walker collection. The research goes far beyond the mere cata­ stantly renewed and enlarged. The mu­ third fioor will be used for expansion of loging of nature. It inquires into the seum building, which was designed for the museum library. whole physical universe-the mystery of great flexibility, encloses more than Altogether, filling in the light well will how our planet was born and the proc­ 17 acres, yet even this spacious struc­ add about a ha1f-acre, or 250,000 cubic esses that led to the formation of con­ ture cannot continue indefinitely to feet, of new space to the museum build­ tinents and oceans, of mountain ranges house new acquisitions. In the depart­ ing. The forces that have acted to shape and ice ages; the evolution of life and ment of geology, an already critical the world and the history of life on its distribution on earth; the prolifera­ space shortage became an outright emer­ earth are the primary concern of all the tion of human culture; the development gency when the University of Chicago museum's scientists. Even the universe of civilizations. proposed the merger of the famous beyond our planet lies within the scope Other scientists investigate nature in Walker collection of fossil invertebrates of the museum's geologists through the ways that do not require the broad sam­ with the museum's geology collections. study of meteorites. Opportunities for ples that museum collections provide. The university realized that much of broadening these extraterrestrial inves­ But the world is so involved that it must the Walker collection needed proper tigations should emerge as space probes be probed from every point of view if we housing, sorting, cataloging, and main­ continue. are ever to understand it. No one can tenance if it were to realize its potential In 1894 there were two professional forecast which approach will give us the as a major resource for paleontological staff members in the department of geol­ next important breakthrough. research and graduate education. In ogy and an assistant who wrote labels in The natural history museum's unique recent years, such curatorial care of col­ India ink on cardboard. Today, the de­ scientific resource consists in its huge lections has tended to become the prov­ partment has 16 full-time members, collections. Without them, we could not ince of museums rather than universi­ among them scientists, research assist­ investigate how man and nature have ties. Chicago Natural History Museum ants, artists, specimen preparators, and become what they are. was the natural choice because of its exhibit experts. Research is concerned The building of great collections has long history of educational collaboration with such aspects of geology as miner­ been a sustained goal of Chicago Natural with the university. The museum ac­ alogy, petrology, and fossil plants, in­ History Museum for more than 70 years. cepted the transfer of the Walker collec­ vertebrates, and vertebrates. Through worldwide expeditions, ex­ tion in the confidence that funds would Typical of the work underway are change of specimens, purchase, and many be found to construct the facilities these projects: notable gifts, the museum's collections needed to house it. This confidence has FOSSU. FISHES have grown until they now number more been justified by the National Science Robert H. Denison, curator of fossil than 10% million specimens. These Foundation grant. fishes, has long been investigating the scientific collections represent major Speaking of the transfer, Dr. George earliest vertebrates from the Ordovi­ stages in the history of the earth and of W. Beadle, president of the University cian-when they first appear as frag­ human societies. of Chicago, said: ments of armor-through the Devonian, In the department of geology, the sys­ A most important result of the proposed when the major modern groups of fishes tematic collections document the forma­ change will be the increase of real coopera­ became established. Currently he is col­ tion and pooling of efforts of various mid­ tion of our planet and the physical evolu­ west universities and colleges and the Chi­ lecting in the Bighorn Mountains of tion of plants, animals, and man. The cago Natural History Museum. Not only the Wyoming, where there is a Devonian fish botanical collections are a comprehen­ University of Chicago, but all other institu­ fauna that includes not only peculiar sive index to the vegetation of the world. tions interested in fields represented in the jawless vertebrates, but also some of the Zoological and anthropological materials museum, will find increased opportunities earliest known fishes with true jaws. represent living animals and the primi­ for independent study and teaching. Most of these are extinct, but some, like tive cultures and high ·Civilizations of the According to Museum Director E. Le­ the earliest known lungfishes, have sur­ past. land Webber: vived as "living fossils" for nearly 400 Many parts of these collections are The museum welcomes this opportunity million years to the present day. world renowned, among them the for greater research contributions based on Through studies of the structure of these meteorites, Pennsylvanian and Permian the Walker collection and continued close animals, Dr. Denison is attempting to de- fossil vertebrates,. r Central American collaboration with nearby universities. The termine how they evolved and lived. In plant specimens, tropical and neotropical addition of the collection to the museum's addition, his work on ancient fishes is 20192 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE August 18 also yielding clues to the origin and early SEDIMENTABT BOCKS An essential resource for all phases of ·history of the hard tissues that make up Knowledge of what the weather was museum research, education, and exhibi­ the vertebrate skeleton. like geologic ages ago is of tremendous tion, the library serves not only the mu­ MJNERALS AND METEORITES import to the future of our civilization, seum stat! and their colleagues, but also according to John Clark, associate cura­ other visiting specialists and students. The study of minerals in IPeteorites tor of sedimentary petrology. Through Through the interlibrary loan system, is the research interest of Edward J. studies of sedimentary rocks and the books are circulated to college, univer­ Olsen, curator of mineralogy. Dr. Olsen distribution of ancient faunas and floras, sity, public, and special libraries for the is now comparing assemblages of min­ Dr. Clark is investigating the climatic use of faculty members, students, and erals found in meteorites-the only ma­ patterns that prevailed on the North research workers in other institutions terial known from outer space-with American continent some 40 million and industries. similar assemblages found in certain years ago. At that time a warmer More than 160,000 volumes on anthro­ kinds of earth rocks. Only under spe­ climate than ours began cooling to an pology, botany, geology, and zoology are cific conditions of temperature, pressure, ice age. Since ice ages have constituted in the present library collection; these and appropriate timing could these clus­ only a very small fraction of the geologic are progressively augmented by pur­ ters of minerals, found in close physical past, Dr. Clark hypothesizes that we may chase, gift, and exchange of the mu­ contact with each other, have been now be returning once again to a period seum's scientific publications for related formed in the unknown planetary body ·of general warmth. His research on an­ material. The extensive exchange of from which the meteorite specimens cient climates should aid, therefore, in publications program is conducted in co­ came. Through analysis of the mineral predicting the climatic patterns of the operation with scientific institutions in clusters, Olsen-in collaboration with D~. future. more than 110 countries throughout the Robert F. Mueller of the University of world. · . Chicago-hopes to find clues to the con- · ' IGNEOUS AND METAMORPHIC ROCKS In recent years a considerable portion ditions under which the planets, includ­ Bertram G. Woodland, curator of of the library's holdings have been re­ ing our earth, were born. petrology, has just published his investi­ classified to the more widely used and EXHmiTs gations of the unusual structures called greatly expanded Library of Congress "cone-in-cone'' found in sedimentary system of classification. Included in the Because of the increased demand from rocks. While these formations have teachers and students in local high National Science Foundation grant are schools for geological studies of this re­ been discussed in geological literature for funds to complete tpe reclassification of more than 100 years, Dr. Woodland has the collection. · gion, Harry Changnon, curator of ex­ proposed a new and more comprehensive hibits, is gathering material for a hand­ The third area of the museum with book of the geology of the Chicago area. theory of their origin, which has broad current, critical space needs is the di­ In addition, he is supervising the re-· implications for understanding the his­ vision of insects. Its collections, con­ modeling of the Hall of Economic Ge­ tory and formation of certain sedimen­ taining nearly 2 million specimens from ology to emphasize exhibits of minerals tary rocks. Since the completion of this around the world, are most broadly rep­ work, Woodland has returned to his pri­ resentative of North America. Since used in the Nation's atomic energy and mary research on the deformations space programs. World War II, specialists from all over found in metamorphic rocks. Through the world have requested that more than FOSSIL MAMMALS microscopic and other detailed analyses a quarter of a million of these speci­ William D. Turnbull, associate curator of thin sections of rock, he is gaining in­ mens be lent to them for study. of fossil mammals, is currently in south­ sights into the complex mechanics of The curator of insects, Rupert L. east Australia, seeking early Tertiary mountain formation. Wenzel, is currently collaborating in a and late Cretaceous rock deposits con­ FOSSIL ~VERTEBRATES study of the fleas, mites, and ticks of taining fossil vertebrates. He hopes to For many years, Eugene S. Richard­ Panama, that live as parasites on other answer two unsolved questions: ''When son, Jr., has been interested in the ani­ animals, especially mammals. Since did marsupials first arrive in Australia?" mal life of the Pennsylvanian era, basing many of these insects are carriers of dis­ and, "Can their patterns of adaptive ra­ his work on specimens from the famous ease, Dr. Wenzel's research is of funda­ diation be traced to show when and how Mazon Creek area in northern Illinois. mental importance to tropical medicine these early animals occupied the various Within the rocks exposed in the stream and public health. ecological niches of that continent?" bed and adjacent coal mines of this re­ Associate Curator Henry S. Dybas is His explorations, if successful, will fill a gion are fossils indicative of several dif­ working on the periodical cicadas. Sev­ major gap in our knowledge of the history ferent ancient environments, including eral very closely related species of these of the characteristic marsupial mammals open sea, land-locked lagoons, and coast­ insects appear to live in the same area, of Australia. al swamp. More kinds of invertebrates emerging simultaneously from their un­ FOSSIL VERTEBRATES lived in this region during the coal age derground burrows every 13 or 17 years One of the most significant finds in than in most areas of comparable extent to lay their eggs in twigs of shrubs and the history of paleontology has been today, and continual collecting by Dr. trees. Dybas' investigation of these made by the museum's chief curator of Richardson and his collaborators is re­ emergences should throw light on the geology, Rainer Zanger!: the discovery vealing species previously unknown to ecology and evolution of these species. of an extensive fossil fish graveyard in science. The new construction will provide stor­ Parke County, Ind. Dr. Zanger! is now Dr. Richardson will be in charge of the age within the division for about a half­ studying this treasury of Pennsylva­ Walker collection of fossil invertebrates. million insect specimens that cannot nian-coal age-lower vertebrates­ The filling in of the former light well presently be integrated into the collec­ sharks ranging to 14 feet in length, pa­ also provides space for the museum li­ tion. Additional room will also be avail­ laeoniscoid fishes, acanthodians, and a brary's rapidly expanding collection of able for the divisional library, for new form entirely new to science which he scientific literature. The new third floor work areas, and for future growth of the has tentatively assigned to the placo­ section is designed to connect directly insect collections. derms. In a reconstruction as fascinat­ with the present library area, and will be THE NEXT DECADE ing as the unfolding of a detective story, used primarily for additional book The present construction, which bene­ Dr. Zanger! and his associate, Eugene S. stacks. fits primarily the department of geology Richardson, Jr., curator of fossil inverte­ The Chicago Natural History Museum and the library, is but the first step in brates, have re-created the detailed his­ Library ·ranks among the eight largest the museum's necessary physical devel­ tory of the struggles for survival of these natural science libraries in the world, opment. Since the completion of the .ancient fishes on the ftooded coastal plain and is one of the four largest in the present building in 1921, research pro­ of an extinct inland sea 285 million years United States. Currently it is the only grams and collections have expanded into ago. A landmark in paleoecology, the museum library to be a U.S. Government nearly every avaUable space. Coordi­ pioneering work of Zanger! and Richard­ Depository to receive scientific publica­ ·nated planning for modernization and .son has recently been published by the tions of Federal agencies under the de­ enlargement of all the museum's sclen­ museum. pository library program. tiflc departments is being undertaken to 1.964 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE 20193 anticipate and prepare for orderly future try in many ways, especially in th..e field .Aplerican institutions, resolute defender growth. of education. of the Nation against the attacks and But the acquisition of new space for He is a brave man and takes his defeat challenges of our enemies, whether to the research will fulfill only one of the mu­ with his chin up and without bitterness. security and safety of its shores and its seum's commitments to the future. In He is one of God's jewels. homes or by the subversive Communist this century of science, a better under­ conspiracy. Vigilant, alert, penetrating, standing of the impact of scientific dis­ .and swift of comprehension, vigorous and eovery upon our civilization must become fortQright of action, honesty and 'Qil­ the concern of every thoughtful citizen. Hon. Carl Elliott daunted of approach and decision, of There is urgent need for more knowl­ heartfelt concern for the weak, disabled, edge of man and his world. Chicago Nat­ EXTENSION OF REMARKS the handicapped, the lowly, and the in­ ural History Museum accepts its obliga­ OF articulate, CARL ELLIOTT has served his tion to serve this need. district, State, and Nation with that zeal, The building and conservation of col­ HON. PHILIP J. PHILBIN sincerity, vision, and loftiness 9f. purpose lections; the continued attraction of a OF MASSACHUSETTS that is seldom witnessed in any legisla­ strong professional staff with the capac­ IN TliE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES tive body or elsewhere. ity for excellence in original research; Tuesday, August 18, 1964 He has the respect, admiration, and the training of future scientists; the affection of every Member of this House presentation of exhibits that reflect the Mr. PHILBIN. Mr. Speaker, I can and is rightly honored for his many light of new knowledge, using effective conceive of no finer, more capable, more outstanding contributions to our work graphic and interpretive techniques; the dedicated, effective public servant than and to the national interest. broadening of educational programs to our beloved friend and esteemed, ad­ CARL ELLIOTT Will be greatly missed in serve unmet needs--these are the mu­ mired eolleague, the · illustrious gentle­ this body where he did such magnifi­ .seum's guidelines to the future. man from Alabama, Congressman CARL cent work and has so very many dear ELLIOTT. friends. But he is not departing from To my mind, this great American public life. He will be heard from soon stands foremost and topmost in the ranks again and he will be privileged to serve Carl Elliott of contemporary statesmen noted for the people and the Nation in higher posts, their stanch devotion to country and God willing, for many years to come. their fierce passion for liberty and jus­ Men so gifted, talented and dedicated EXTENSION OF REMARKS tice. CARL ELLIOTT is a true, loyal son as CARL ELLIOTT do not fade away. To 01' of a great State, a man of highest char­ the contrary, they are drafted by the peo­ acter, noblest ideals, and loftiest objec­ ple to serve them, because· the people HON. JAMES W. TRIMBLE tives--fearless champion of the ordinary know that they are invaluable in the OF ARKANSAS people of America. public life of the Nation to help guide the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES While in his brilliant service here, he ship of state through storm and through has been particularly interested in ad­ calm into the havens of freedom, justice, Tuesday, August 18, 1964 vancing the cause of education, and has prosperity, and peace. Mr. TRIMBLE. Mr. Speaker, I join achieved truly extraordinary results in CARL ELLIOTT Will go forward and up­ with others in tribute to our colleague, this vital field. Congressman ELLIOTT's ward toward his great destiny of exalted CARL ELLIOTT, of Alabama. I have known many interests and high achievements public service. We shall not bid him him intimately since he first came to the in this House have ranged over virtually goodby, but merely au revoir, because his Congress. He is the kind of person who the whole spectrum of essential, com­ greatest triumphs lie ahead of him. is the same every day as he is in his mendable legislative effort. The country and the people need men church-a dedicated soul who has done Every good cause related to the well­ like CARL ELLIOTT and I wish for him and much for this constituency and for his being, opportunity, and betterment of his dear ones choicest blessings and every country. th~ American people has commanded the measure of success, prosperity, and hap­ I regret deeply that the people of Ala­ energetic attention and able assistance piness in the time to come. bama did not return him to the Congress. of this great statesman. Hail and salute to one of our greatest Mter he has left this earth, his name Patriot of the first magnitude, firm in Congressmen-CARL ELLIOTT, of Ala­ will be written in the history of his coun- his allegiance to the Constitution and bama.

by a sense of futility and frustration, be the United States of America in and to cer­ HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES brought in complete obedience to Thy tain tracts of land in Pender County, N.C.; wise and holy will. H.R. 7088. An act for the relief of Joseph WEDNESDAY, AUGUST 19, 1964 Grant that Thy name may be glorified Di Ciccio; H.R. 7588. An act to provide for enforce­ The House met at 12 o'clock noon. through Christ Jesus, our Lord. Amen. ment of rules and regulations for the pro­ The Chaplain, Rev. Bernard Braskamp, tection, development, and administration of D.D., offered the following prayer: THE JOURNAL the national forests and national grasslands, and for other purposes; The words of the Master. John 8: 29: The Journal of the proceedings of yes­ H.R. 8135. An act to provide for the estab­ I do always those things that please Him. terday was read and approved. lishment and administration of public rec­ 0 Thou who art our companion on our reational facilities at the Sanford Reservoir pilgrim way, hitherto Thou hast blessed area, Canadian River project, Texas, and for us and we have found our comfort and MESSAGE FROM THE SENATE other purposes; confidence in the glorious assurance and A message from the Senate by Mr. Ar­ H.R. 9560. An act for the relief of Lim testimony that where Thou dost guide rington, one of its clerks, announced Sam Soon; Thou wilt also provide. that the Senate had passed without H.R. 9747. An act to extend for 3 years We humbly and gratefully acknowl­ amendment bills of the House of the fol­ the special milk programs for the Armed lowing titles: Forces and veterans hospitals; edge that always and everywhere we need H.R. 10069. An act to authorize the ex­ Thee; in our weakness to sustain and. en­ H.R. 3071. An act to provide for the estab­ change of lands adjacent to the Lassen Na­ courage us; in our strength tQ discipline lishment of Fort Larned as a national historic tional Forest in California, and for other and direct us. site, and for other purposes; purposes; and Continue to inspire us wi·th a faith H.R. 4018. An act to authorize establish­ ment of the Saint-Gaudens National His­ H.R.10419. An act to amend further the that defies despair; a hope that makes toric Site, N.H., and for other purposes; Farm Credit Act of 1933, as amended, to pro­ the future more radiant; and a love that H.R. 4149. An act to provide for the satis­ vide that part of the patronage refunds conquers all of life's obstacles and 1m­ faction of claims arising out of scrip, lieu paid by a bank for cooperatives shall be in .pediments. selection, al;ld simUar rights; money instead of class C stock after the bank May our finite minds and hearts, which H.R. 4242. An act to provide for the release becomes subject to Federal income tax, a.n,d are so frequently blinded- and enslaved and transfer of all right, title, and interest of for other purposes.