Skladatelské Dílo Otakara Ostrčila Tematický Katalog, Kritika Pramenů, Recepce

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Skladatelské Dílo Otakara Ostrčila Tematický Katalog, Kritika Pramenů, Recepce Filozofická fakulta Univerzity Palackého v Olomouci Katedra muzikologie Mgr. Markéta Kratochvílová Skladatelské dílo Otakara Ostrčila Tematický katalog, kritika pramenů, recepce The Work of Otakar Ostrčil Thematic catalogue, source criticism, reception Dizertační práce Školitelka: Doc. PhDr. Lenka Křupková, PhD. Olomouc 2011 Prohlašuji, že jsem tuto práci vypracovala samostatně a použila jen uvedené prameny a literaturu. V Praze 29. 5. 2011 ................................................... Markéta Kratochvílová Děkuji své školitelce Doc. PhDr. Lence Křupkové, PhD. za vedení práce a veškerou pomoc během doktorského studia. PhDr. Markétě Kabelkové děkuji za zpřístupnění materiálů z Českého muzea hudby i za její odbornou pomoc. 1. Úvod ..................................................................................................................................... 5 1. 1. Stav bádání.................................................................................................................... 5 1. 2. Struktura a metody práce .............................................................................................. 9 2. Život a dílo......................................................................................................................... 12 3. Recepce díla Otakara Ostrčila......................................................................................... 18 4. Prameny k Ostrčilovým skladbám.................................................................................. 27 4. 1. Autografní notové prameny ........................................................................................ 28 4. 1. 1. Skici .................................................................................................................... 29 4. 1. 2. Čistopisy ............................................................................................................. 32 4. 1. 3. Ostrčilovy úpravy vlastních děl .......................................................................... 33 4. 1. 4. Ostrčilovy úpravy cizích děl ............................................................................... 34 4. 1. 5. Nezvěstné autografy............................................................................................ 35 4. 2. Opisy skladeb.............................................................................................................. 37 4. 3. Notové edice ............................................................................................................... 40 4. 4. Zvukové a audiovizuální prameny Ostrčilových děl .................................................. 47 4. 5. Korespondence............................................................................................................ 48 4. 6. Libreta a textové předlohy .......................................................................................... 49 4. 7. Dřívější soupisy Ostrčilových děl............................................................................... 49 5. Struktura katalogu ........................................................................................................... 50 5. 1. Řazení skladeb ............................................................................................................ 53 5. 2. Struktura hesla ............................................................................................................ 54 6. Tematický katalog skladeb Otakara Ostrčila ................................................................ 64 Schéma katalogového hesla ................................................................................................ 65 Zkratky................................................................................................................................ 66 Skladby s opusovým číslem................................................................................................ 67 Skladby bez opusového čísla ............................................................................................ 134 Chronologický seznam skladeb .........................................................................................178 Seznam skladeb podle druhů .............................................................................................180 Abecední seznam názvů skladeb .......................................................................................182 Chronologický seznam notových edic.............................................................................. 184 Soupis Ostrčilových provedení vlastních skladeb ............................................................ 186 7. Seznam literatury............................................................................................................ 187 Shrnutí................................................................................................................................... 195 Summary............................................................................................................................... 196 Zusammenfassung................................................................................................................. 197 Anotace ................................................................................................................................. 198 Annotation............................................................................................................................. 199 Přílohy................................................................................................................................... 200 4 1. Úvod Otakar Ostrčil bývá uváděn jako významný představitel české hudby první poloviny 20. století. Tomuto hodnocení ovšem neodpovídá míra zpracování materiálů souvisejících s jeho životem a dílem. Absence důkladného, aktuálního a spolehlivého přehledu Ostrčilových děl se zřetelně ukázala při přípravě prvního vydání dvou orchestrálních partitur Ostrčilových skladeb – melodramu Balada o mrtvém ševci a mladé tanečnici a písně Osiřelo dítě, na nichž se autorka této práce podílela ve spolupráci s Českým rozhlasem. Ukázalo se, že například pro první zmíněnou skladbu existují tři opisy, které se od sebe liší a které bylo nutné porov- nat a zhodnotit jejich autenticitu. Zároveň se autorka během své práce v Českém muzeu hud- by dostala k doposud nezpracovanému archivu z pozůstalosti Společnosti Otakara Ostrčila obsahujícímu množství neznámých autografních notových pramenů. Při procházení literatury související s Ostrčilem bylo také stále jasnější, jak nejedno- značně je vnímán význam tohoto skladatele pro českou hudební kulturu. Z hlediska kvantita- tivního existuje k tématu literatury dostatek, při bližším pohledu se však ukazuje, že jde často o texty natolik ovlivněné dobovou ideologií a idealizací Ostrčilovy osoby, že pro nové po- chopení díla je třeba začít znovu od pramenů. 1. 1. Stav bádání Hranice mezi literaturou a prameny nejsou v případě této práce pevně dané, protože i li- terární reflexe Ostrčilovy hudby jsou tu předmětem zkoumání. V následující části je uveden stručný přehled ostrčilovské literatury, který má ukázat, jaké tematické okruhy byly zdůraz- ňovány a které naopak opomíjeny, a kteří autoři přispěli k poznání Ostrčilova díla. Vzhledem k množství textů jde nutně o přehled výběrový, věnující se pouze těm nejvýznamnějším. Tomu, jak byla v literatuře hodnocena Ostrčilova tvorba, se zvlášť věnuje třetí kapitola, která nese název Recepce díla Otakara Ostrčila. Z čistě statistického hlediska existuje poměrně velké množství textů o Otakaru Ostrči- lovi. Neexistuje ale spolehlivá souhrnná publikace, která by se komplexně věnovala sklada- telské osobnosti Otakara Ostrčila a přitom by nebyla poznamenaná propagandistickým pří- stupem, a která by zároveň přinášela přehled aktuální pramenné situace i fungování díla po Ostrčilově smrti. Chybí také zhodnocení skladatele v širším než pouze českém kontextu. 5 Velké množství textů tvoří časopisecké články zaměřené jen na některý dílčí aspekt skladatelova života a díla. Při příležitosti premiér jednotlivých děl se objevily články přináše- jící rozbor děl, kritiku skladby i provedení. Za pozornost stojí především texty Zdeňka Ne- jedlého, Otakara Zicha a Bedřicha Čapka v časopise Smetana a Karla Hoffmeistera, Richarda Veselého a Josefa Huttera v Hudební revue. Existuje i mnoho vzpomínkových a oslavných textů, které vycházely především v souvislosti s výročími Ostrčilova narození či úmrtí. První Ostrčilův publikovaný životopis napsal skladatel sám v roce 1911 pro řadu ma- lých monografií nakladatelství Breitkopf & Härtel (Payer 1912). Byla to první monografie z řady, která měla představit soudobé české umělce, což svědčí o Ostrčilově tehdejším posta- vení i nadějích, jež do něho české kulturní veličiny vkládaly. Otakar Ostrčil bývá předními českými muzikology pravidelně uváděn jako jeden z nejvýznamnějších představitelů české hudby, především pokud je řeč o opeře, symfonické hudbě nebo melodramu. V první polovině 20. století se o Ostrčila zajímali dva přední čeští muzikologové, Zdeněk Nejedlý a Vladimír Helfert. Zdeněk Nejedlý sledoval Ostrčilovu tvůrčí činnost průběžně už od skladatelova mládí a Ostrčilův život a umělecký vývoj do roku 1919 shrnul v monografii Otakar Ostrčil. Vzrůst a uzrání, která vyšla až v roce skladatelovy smrti (Nejedlý 1935). Tato monografie je sice rozsáhlá a podrobná, ale sahá pouze do roku 1919, nezahrnuje tedy Ostrčilovo zralé a vrcholné skladatelské období. Kromě toho předsta- vuje silně zaujatý a idealizovaný pohled
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