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Czech(-Oslovak) National Commemorations During the Interwar Period: Tomáš G
ACTA HISTRIAE • 18 • 2010 • 3 received: 2009-07-09 UDC 394.21:323.1(437) original scientific article CZECH(-OSLOVAK) NATIONAL COMMEMORATIONS DURING THE INTERWAR PERIOD: TOMÁŠ G. MASARYK AND THE BATTLE OF WHITE MOUNTAIN AVENGED Dagmar HÁJKOVÁ Masaryk Institute and Archives of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic v. v. i., CZ-18200 Praha 8, Gabčíkova 2362/10 e-mail: [email protected] Nancy M. WINGFIELD Northern Illinois University, Department of History, US-IL 60115 DeKalb, Zulauf Hall 715 e-mail: [email protected] ABSTRACT This article examines attempts to construct »Czechoslovak« national identity in the wake of the First World War through the creation of new celebrations and holi- days. Drawing on archival material as well as a variety of contemporary books, newspapers, and pamphlets, the analysis reveals that the bourgeois, predominantly Czech rhetoric associated with these holidays, indeed, with the state itself, limited the attraction they exerted not only on the non-state-forming peoples of the countries, especially Germans and Hungarians, but also on the communists and, increasingly, some Slovaks. Key words: commemoration, First Czechoslovak Republic, First World War, Czecho- slovakia, national identity, Zborov LE COMMEMORAZIONI NAZIONALI CECHE (CECOSLOVACCHE) TRA LE DUE GUERRE MONDIALI: TOMÁŠ G. MASARYK E LA VENDETTA DELLA BATTAGLIA DELLA MONTAGNA BIANCA SINTESI L'articolo esamina gli sforzi per costruire un'identità nazionale »cecoslovacca« nel periodo successivo alla prima guerra mondiale attraverso la creazione di nuove festività e forme celebrative. Sulla base di materiale d'archivio e vari testi, giornali e opuscoli dell'epoca, l'analisi rivela che la retorica utilizzata della borghesia, preva- 425 ACTA HISTRIAE • 18 • 2010 • 3 Dagmar HÁJKOVÁ, Nancy M. -
Proceedings of the EMNLP'2014 Workshop on Language
LT4CloseLang 2014 Proceedings of the EMNLP’2014 Workshop: Language Technology for Closely Related Languages and Language Variants October 29, 2014 Doha, Qatar Production and Manufacturing by Taberg Media Group AB Box 94, 562 02 Taberg Sweden c 2014 The Association for Computational Linguistics Order copies of this and other ACL proceedings from: Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL) 209 N. Eighth Street Stroudsburg, PA 18360 USA Tel: +1-570-476-8006 Fax: +1-570-476-0860 [email protected] ISBN 978-1-937284-96-1 ii Introduction Recent initiatives in language technology have led to the development of at least minimal language processing toolkits for all EU-official languages as well as for languages with a large number of speakers worldwide such as Chinese and Arabic. This is a big step towards the automatic processing and/or extraction of information, especially from official documents and newspapers, where the standard, literary language is used. Apart from those official languages, a large number of dialects or closely-related language variants are in daily use, not only as spoken colloquial languages but also in some written media, e.g., in SMS, chats, and social networks. Building language resources and tools for them from scratch is expensive, but the efforts can often be reduced by making use of pre-existing resources and tools for related, resource-richer languages. Examples of closely-related language variants include the different variants of Spanish in Latin America, the Arabic dialects in North Africa and the Middle East, German in Germany, Austria and Switzerland, French in France and in Belgium, Dutch in the Netherlands and Flemish in Belgium, etc. -
A Comparison of MT Methods for Closely Related Languages
A Comparison of MT Methods for Closely Related Languages: a Case Study on Czech – Slovak Language Pair ∗ Vladislav Kubonˇ 1 Jernej Viciˇ cˇ2,3 1Institute of Formal and Applied Linguistics 2FAMNIT Faculty of Mathematics and Physics University of Primorska, Charles University in Prague 3Fran Ramovsˇ Institute of the [email protected] Slovenian Language, SRC SASA, [email protected] Abstract (Scannell, 2006) for Gaelic languages; Irish • (Gaeilge) and Scottish Gaelic (G‘aidhlig). This paper describes an experiment compar- ing results of machine translation between two (Tyers et al., 2009) for the North Sami to Lule • closely related languages, Czech and Slovak. Sami language pair. The comparison is performed by means of two MT systems, one representing rule-based ap- Guat (Viciˇ c,ˇ 2008) for Slavic languages with rich • proach, the other one representing statistical inflectional morphology, mostly language pairs approach to the task. Both sets of results are with Slovenian language. manually evaluated by native speakers of the target language. The results are discussed both Many of the systems listed above had been created from the linguistic and quantitative points of in the period when it was hard to obtain a good qual- view. ity data-driven system which would enable comparison against these systems. The existence of Google Trans- 1 Introduction late1 which nowadays enables the automatic translation even between relatively small languages made it possi- Machine translation (MT) of related languages is a spe- ble to investigate advantages and disadvantages of both cific field in the domain of MT which attracted the at- approaches. This paper introduces the first step in this tention of several research teams in the past by promis- direction - the comparison of results of two different ing relatively good results through the application of systems for two really very closely related languages - classic rule-based methods. -
Czech Language and Literature Peter Zusi
chapter 17 Czech Language and Literature Peter Zusi Recent years have seen a certain tendency to refer to Kafka as a ‘Czech’ author – a curious designation for a writer whose literary works, without exception, are composed in German. As the preceding chapter describes, Kafka indeed lived most of his life in a city where Czech language and society gradually came to predominate over the German-speaking minor- ity, and Kafka – a native German-speaker – adapted deftly to this changing social landscape. Referring to Kafka as Czech, however, is inaccurate, explicable perhaps only as an attempt to counterbalance a contrasting simplification of his complicated biography: the marked tendency within Kafka scholarship to investigate his work exclusively in the context of German, Austrian or Prague-German literary history. The Czech socio-cultural impulses that surrounded Kafka in his native Prague have primarily figured in Kafka scholarship through sociological sketches portraying ethnic animosity, lack of communication and, at times, open violence between the two largest lin- guistic communities in the city. These historical realities have given rise to the persistent image of a ‘dividing wall’ between the Czech- and German- speaking inhabitants of Prague, with the two populations reading different newspapers, attending separate cultural institutions and congregating in segregated social venues. This image of mutual indifference or antagonism has often made the question of Kafka’s relation to Czech language and cul- ture appear peripheral. Yet confronting the perplexing blend of proximity and distance, famil- iarity and resentment which characterized inter-linguistic and inter- cultural contact in Kafka’s Prague is a necessary challenge. -
International Research and Exchanges Board Records
International Research and Exchanges Board Records A Finding Aid to the Collection in the Library of Congress Prepared by Karen Linn Femia, Michael McElderry, and Karen Stuart with the assistance of Jeffery Bryson, Brian McGuire, Jewel McPherson, and Chanté Wilson-Flowers Manuscript Division Library of Congress Washington, D.C. 2011 International Research and Exchanges Board Records Page ii Collection Summary Title: International Research and Exchanges Board Records Span Dates: 1947-1991 (bulk 1956-1983) ID No: MSS80702 Creator: International Research and Exchanges Board Creator: Inter-University Committee on Travel Grants Extent: 331,000 items; 331 cartons; 397.2 linear feet Language: Collection material in English and Russian Repository: Manuscript Division, Library of Congress, Washington, D.C. Abstract: American service organization sponsoring scholarly exchange programs with the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe in the Cold War era. Correspondence, case files, subject files, reports, financial records, printed matter, and other records documenting participants’ personal experiences and research projects as well as the administrative operations, selection process, and collaborative projects of one of America’s principal academic exchange programs. International Research and Exchanges Board Records Page iii Contents Collection Summary .......................................................... ii Administrative Information ......................................................1 Organizational History..........................................................2 -
Marta Filipová, National Treasure Or a Redundant Relic: the Roles of The
RIHA Journal 0066 | 26 February 2013 National treasure or a redundant relic: the roles of the vernacular in Czech art Marta Filipová Editing and peer review managed by: Iain Boyd Whyte, Visual Arts Research Institute Edinburgh (VARIE) Reviewers: Christopher Long, Tomáš Winter Abstract The article examines the reception of folk art in the visual culture of Bohemia and Czechoslovakia and focuses on the shift in the meaning of folk art in the period of early twentieth-century modernism. It examines closely the main attitudes and approaches to folk art in examples drawn from painting, sculpture and architecture as well as art theory in the Czech-speaking regions from the end of the nineteenth century until the early 1930s. This politically important period that saw the transformation of the Habsburg monarchy into new independent states, including Czechoslovakia, was also marked by the establishment of modernism in Central Europe. Many Czech artists were turning to more cosmopolitan ideas, while simultaneously they retained some of the ideas and ideals from the nineteenth century national revival. These shifts were reflected in the various roles folk art was given, ranging from its association with a nostalgic return to pre-industrial society, to an ideological tool of national revival, and to a redundant relic of the past. Folk art, therefore, is understood as a complex phenomenon, which disrupts the reading of modernism in Central Europe as a straightforward embrace of cosmopolitan ideas in the visual arts and art theory and that challenges the historical opposition between folk art and high art. Simultaneously, its central role in the formation of Central European modernism is emphasized as crucial to our understanding of Central European art in this period. -
Prague's Public Space and Franz Kafka's Readings of Prague
MAREK NEKULA The Divided City: Prague’s Public Space and Franz Kafka’s Readings of Prague It is no surprise that the monuments on Prague’s squares, riverbanks, and hills reflect the national ideologies from which they emanated. In the nineteenth century, when the first memorial monuments were founded, middle-class civic society used them to present and pass on its values to viewers in public space, viewers who themselves may have been nationally indifferent. In nineteenth-century Prague, these values were above all national in character: for the Czech and German mid- dle classes, language-based nationalism dominated all other values; it determined the political programs of most Czech and German political parties, as well as more private choices, such as where parents sent their children to schools. Czech middle-class nationalists demanded that the Czech language and Czech people be given equal standing with the Germans, while German middle-class nationalists wanted to maintain the status quo. Both groups were becoming more and more interested in creating linguistically distinct spaces that would be dominated by the language and symbols of Czech and German nationalism. In Prague, public space became the staging ground for national discourse, where adherents of monolingual national ideologies competed with one another and attempted to control public opinion in various ways, including the domina- tion of public space. One of the ways to control and speak to the public was to properly stage ceremonial acts, for example the funerals of Václav Hanka, Karel Havlíček Borovský and Božena Němcová or the laying of the first stone of the Czech National Theater. -
Classification Master List
Classification Master List AFGHANISTAN / AFGHANISTAN UCI ID Last Name First Name Birthdate Nation Gender Class Status Review Date 100 084 489 83 HAZRAT Qaher 15.03.1982 AFG M C3 Review 100 084 490 84 SHAIDA Mohammad Haider 29.10.1981 AFG M C2 Review ALBANIA / ALBANIE UCI ID Last Name First Name Birthdate Nation Gender Class Status Review Date 100 084 491 85 DOKU Haki 18.06.1969 ALB M H3 Review ALGERIA / ALGERIE UCI ID Last Name First Name Birthdate Nation Gender Class Status Review Date 100 088 713 39 OUCHENNE Abderraouf 02.07.1991 ALG M C2 Review ANDORRA / ANDORRE UCI ID Last Name First Name Birthdate Nation Gender Class Status Review Date 100 112 216 68 FERNANDEZ VAZQUEZ Francesc Xavier 19.11.1972 AND M H3 Review 2017 ARGENTINA / ARGENTINE UCI ID Last Name First Name Birthdate Nation Gender Class Status Review Date 100 084 492 86 ASTORECA Pablo Reinaldo 01.12.1968 ARG M B1 Review 100 084 493 87 BIGA VIDAL Andres Oscar 26.07.1979 ARG M H3 Confirmed 100 891 328 76 GALVAN AGUERO Joel Pablo Dario 20.11.1997 ARG M C3 Review 2020 100 101 236 49 GOMEZ Maximiliano 12.02.1979 ARG M B1 Confirmed 100 599 698 28 LOPEZ Rodrigo Fernando 03.01.1979 ARG M C1 Confirmed 100 084 496 90 MARTINEZ Oscar 19.04.1981 ARG M T1 Review 100 084 497 91 NATTKEMPER Alberto Lujan 07.08.1951 ARG M B2 Confirmed 100 839 719 71 NEGREIRA Lucas 08.11.2000 ARG M T1 Review 2021 100 084 499 93 RICATTI Fernando 24.02.1976 ARG M B1 Confirmed 100 084 500 94 SILVA Martin 30.07.1989 ARG M B1 Confirmed 100 599 694 24 VAQUERO Maximiliano 10.05.1991 ARG M B1 Review 100 609 336 63 VICENTE -
“The Librettist Wears Skirts”: Female Librettists in 19Th-Century Bohemia
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA Santa Barbara “The Librettist Wears Skirts”: Female Librettists in 19th-Century Bohemia A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree Doctor of Philosophy in Music by Emma Taylor Parker Committee in charge: Professor Derek Katz, Chair Professor David Paul Professor Stefanie Tcharos June 2016 The dissertation of Emma Taylor Parker is approved. ___________________________________________________________ David Paul ___________________________________________________________ Stefanie Tcharos ___________________________________________________________ Derek Katz, Committee Chair June 2016 “The Librettist Wears Skirts”: Female Librettists in 19th-Century Bohemia Copyright © 2016 By Emma Taylor Parker iii Acknowledgements Writing a dissertation is not for the faint of heart and I certainly would not have finished this dissertation without a veritable village of supporters. I would like to thank the Fulbright Commission in the Czech Republic who sponsored my research year in Prague, especially Dr. Hanka Ripková, director of the commission, who was a truly hospitable host, and Andrea Semancová who patiently answered innumerable questions along every step of the journey. I am so grateful to them and the rest of the wonderful staff for their support, both financial and emotional. I am also grateful to Dr. Jarmila Gabrielová who sponsored my Fulbright application and was, along with her students, gracious in welcoming me to her graduate seminar at Charles University and extremely helpful in pointing me in the right direction during my time there. Haig Utidijian and the Charles University Chorus afforded me incomparable performing opportunities, a much-needed musical outlet during my time in Prague, and most of all, their warm friendship. And of course, without my fellow Fulbrighters (especially Laura Brade and John Korba) I would have been on a plane home more times that I can count. -
'New Look' in Name's Standardization in Ukraine Iryna Sofinska Abstract ***** My Country Has a Long-Going History Despite All Pa
ONOMÀSTICA BIBLIOTECA TÈCNICA DE POLÍTICA LINGÜÍSTICA 'New look' in name's standardization in Ukraine Iryna Sofinska DOI: 10.2436/15.8040.01.95 Abstract In this article I concentrate mostly on standardization applied to anthroponymy in Ukraine, however, in fact, till now there are no official standards of names. Therefore, after the ‘iron curtain’ failed among ordinary citizens there appeared a seduction for young parents to be not like the others and to give their children names, which are far from Ukrainian traditions and religious views, but popular in other countries of the world and are used in other languages. Such names entered into general Ukrainian onomasticon through the music, literature, movies, television etc. but still remain very rare. Nowadays, the main issue is dedicated to correct transcription and transliteration of registered names, and therefore, to demonstrate position of the State in this particular question. According to the reports of the Ministry of Justice of Ukraine for last five years almost ‘standardized’ onomasticon of popular names in Ukraine have not been changed seriously, however, Ukrainian forms of names prevail over the others. ***** My country has a long-going history despite all parts of the modern Ukraine since XIV century and till the end of World War II were separated. They were parts of different countries with different legal systems and anthroponymic traditions. Even during a turbulent 20th century (we can characterize it by periods of political upheaval, brutal dictatorship, forced famine, genocide, war, resistance movements, economic uncertainty and renewal of independence) territory of Ukraine was divided in several parts, which have been included into different European countries (Austria and Hungary, Czech and Slovakia, Poland, Romania and Soviet Union) with different ethnicity, language, religion, administrative and political structure, level of economic and industrial development. -
Memory and Authority in the Ninth-Century Dalmatian Duchy
Marino Kumir MEMORY AND AUTHORITY IN THE NINTH-CENTURY DALMATIAN DUCHY MA Thesis in Medieval Studies Central European University CEU eTD Collection Budapest May 2016 MEMORY AND AUTHORITY IN THE NINTH-CENTURY DALMATIAN DUCHY by Marino Kumir (Croatia) Thesis submitted to the Department of Medieval Studies, Central European University, Budapest, in partial fulfillment of the requirements of the Master of Arts degree in Medieval Studies. Accepted in conformance with the standards of the CEU. ____________________________________________ Chair, Examination Committee ____________________________________________ Thesis Supervisor ____________________________________________ Examiner ____________________________________________ Examiner CEU eTD Collection Budapest May 2016 MEMORY AND AUTHORITY IN THE NINTH-CENTURY DALMATIAN DUCHY by Marino Kumir (Croatia) Thesis submitted to the Department of Medieval Studies, Central European University, Budapest, in partial fulfillment of the requirements of the Master of Arts degree in Medieval Studies. Accepted in conformance with the standards of the CEU. ____________________________________________ External Reader CEU eTD Collection Budapest May 2016 MEMORY AND AUTHORITY IN THE NINTH-CENTURY DALMATIAN DUCHY by Marino Kumir (Croatia) Thesis submitted to the Department of Medieval Studies, Central European University, Budapest, in partial fulfillment of the requirements of the Master of Arts degree in Medieval Studies. Accepted in conformance with the standards of the CEU. ____________________________________________ External Supervisor CEU eTD Collection Budapest May 2016 I, the undersigned, Marino Kumir, candidate for the MA degree in Medieval Studies, declare herewith that the present thesis is exclusively my own work, based on my research and only such external information as properly credited in notes and bibliography. I declare that no unidentified and illegitimate use was made of the work of others, and no part of the thesis infringes on any person’s or institution’s copyright. -
Prague Pictures: Portraits of a City
Prague Pictures BY THE SAME AUTHOR Long Lankin Nightspawn Birchwood Doctor Copernicus Kepler The Newton Letter Mefisto The Book of Evidence Ghosts Athena The Untouchable Eclipse Shroud Prague Pictures Portraits of a City John Banville BLOOMSBURY Excerpts from Magic Prague reprinted by permission of Palgrave Macmillan. Quotations from The Trial reprinted by permission of Penguin Books. Copyright © Idris Parry, 1994. Excerpts from Sudek by Sonja Bullaty and Angelo Lomeo reprinted by permission of Clarkson Potter Publishers, a division of Random House, Inc. Copyright ©1986 by Sonja Bullaty. The extracts from Samuel Beckett's translation of 'Zone' by Apollinaire on page 34 are reprinted by kind permission of Calder Publications. The Joseph Brodsky quotation on pages 107-8 is from Pushkin's Children: Writings on Russia and Russians by Tatyana Tolstaya, translated by Jamey Gambrell. Copyright © 2003 by Tatyana Tolstaya. English translation copyright © 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1996, 1997, 1998, 2000 by Jamey Gambrell. Reprinted by permission of Houghton Miffin Company. All rights reserved. The lines from 'The Four Quartets' on page 230 are taken from Collected Poems 1909-1952 by T. S. Eliot. Reproduced by permission of Faber & Faber Ltd and Harcourt Inc. Copyright © 2003 by John Banville All rights reserved. No part of this book may be used or reproduced in any manner whatsoever without written permission from the publisher except in the case of brief quotations embodied in critical articles or reviews. For information address Bloomsbury, 175 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10010. Published by Bloomsbury, New York and London Distributed to the trade by Holtzbrinck Publishers Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data has been applied for.