DOCSLIB.ORG

The Continuity Between the Enlightenment and Nationalism Politics and Historical Narratives of Narratives Andhistorical Politics

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Continuity Between the Enlightenment and Nationalism Politics and Historical Narratives of Narratives Andhistorical Politics THE CONTINUITY BETWEEN THE ENLIGHTENMENT AND NATIONALISM: POLITICS AND HISTORICAL NARRATIVES OF THE CROATIAN NATIONAL REVIVAL By Vilim Pavlovic Submitted to Central European University History Department In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts Supervisor: Professor László Kontler Second Reader: Professor Balázs Trencsényi CEU eTD Collection Budapest, Hungary 2014 Statement of Copyright Copyright in the text of this thesis rests with the Author. Copies by any process, either in full or part, may be made only in accordance with the instructions given by the Author and lodged in the Central European Library. Details may be obtained from the librarian. This page must form a part of any such copies made. Further copies made in accordance with such instructions may not be made without the written permission of the Author. CEU eTD Collection i Abstract This thesis provides a look the fundamental programmatic articles of the Croatian National Revival. It attempts to first contextualize the Croatian national movement within the context of the Habsburg Monarchy, and especially in regards to the relationship of Croatia and Hungary. Secondly, the thesis attempts to explore the possible continuity between the ideology of the Croatian National Revival and the Enlightenment. This is done using some of the fundamental documents of the national movement. Looking at the political program of the national movement, I attempt to identify the influences of the Enlightenment in both explicit and implicit level. Furthermore, as this thesis is on a fundamental level concerned with nationalism, I will explore the interaction between the political programs of the national movement and historical narratives as both are often found in the same text. Finally, I will attempt to contextualize my findings in the context of the Enlightenment and any other ideology preceding nationalism that might reveal itself. The result of this thesis is that we can now establish that on a fundamental level, the politicians and authors of political programs of the Croatian National Revival were to a degree influenced by the thought of the Enlightenment. Be that is it may, the political necessities directed the politics of the movement towards the defense of the municipal rights. The second part of the thesis is concerned precisely with that issue. From it, we can establish that even in historical narratives we can recognized the influence of previous ideologies, mainly ancient constitutionalism. CEU eTD Collection ii Table of Contents Introduction ..................................................................................................................................... 1 Theory ......................................................................................................................................... 3 Methodology ............................................................................................................................... 8 1. Historical context of the Croatian National Revival ................................................................. 14 1.2. Hungary and nationalism ................................................................................................... 17 1.3. The Croatian National Revival .......................................................................................... 30 2. Enlightenment and the Croatian National Revival ................................................................... 41 2.1. Language and politics intertwine ....................................................................................... 41 2.2. The Dissertation of Janko Drašković ................................................................................ 46 2.3. The political program of the Dissertation .......................................................................... 48 2.4. Ivan Derkos’ The Spirit of the Homeland.......................................................................... 61 2.5. Conclusion ......................................................................................................................... 70 3. Historical narratives of the Croatian National Revival ............................................................. 76 3.1. The municipal rights and the constitution .......................................................................... 76 3.2. Collecting the municipal rights .......................................................................................... 79 3.3. Drašković’s historical narrative ....................................................................................... 101 3.4. Conclusion ....................................................................................................................... 106 Conclusion .................................................................................................................................. 108 CEU eTD Collection Bibliography ............................................................................................................................... 111 iii Introduction It is the aim of this thesis to explore the possible continuity and transfer of ideas from the Enlightenment to the early period of the Croatian national movement. Due to the significant role history played in the political activity of the Croatian National Revival in the 1830s and 1840s, I intend to limit my exploration to those documents which were politically fundamental to the development of the movement and at the same time contained historical arguments for the movement’s agenda. This should allow us to see what the fundamental ideological and political tendencies of the movement were and how the political tendencies interacted with historiography. Furthermore, I will attempt to show how the political project of the national movement directed the approach to history and historical research. Finally, the goal of this thesis is to show how these two elements, politics and history, and their interaction within the historical context, directed the development of the Croatian national movement. I will thus begin by contextualizing the Croatian National Revival in a broader context of the Habsburg Monarchy and the Kingdom of Hungary, and continue with an explanation of the ideological foundations of the national revival. The second chapter of this thesis will attempt to outline the political foundations of the movement and show how the political situation encouraged the interaction of politics and historiography. The third chapter will concentrate on the historical narratives themselves, showing how history was approached by the Croatian national movement. CEU eTD Collection The early period of the Croatian National Revival has mostly been written about within the national historiography. Already the historians that were part of the second generation of the national revival in the second half of the 19th century wrote history books about the founders of the movement. This tendency within the national historiography led to the works of 1 such historians as Tadija Smičiklas, Ferdo Šišić and Jaroslav Šidak. Being that they wrote within the national historiography, the value of such work in scholarly research is highly questionable and subject to the effects of later historiographical traditions. In addition, their treatment of the revival in the 1820s and 1830s was only superficial. They only used it as an introduction for the extensive writing on the revival in the 1840s when it was already a strong and established movement. Only Nikša Stančić, a contemporary historian and a current member of the Croatian Academy of Sciences and Arts, significantly discussed the early, formative years of the national revival, but again only to better understand what happened in the years and centuries after it. In general, it seems that most historians that worked on this topic were more concerned with what the national revival led to, rather than what led to it. In addition, previous research of this period did not to a large extent deal with the continuity between the national movement and earlier ideologies nor with the direction possible continuity took within the political context of the period. It is true that the Croatian National Revival was a much stronger and directed movement in the 1840s then it was in the previous decade. It was during the 1840s and until the introduction of the so-called Bach’s absolutism after the 1848/1849 revolutions that the Croatian revival was at its strongest. That is the period when the cultural activity of the revival, as well as the political conflict with Hungary within the Croatian Diet was at its highest. When it comes to the understanding of what the foundations of the revival were in regards to how they were manifested in the following years, the existing research is relatively comprehensive. CEU eTD Collection However, the research concerning the origins of the fundamental political thought of the national movement, its contextual manifestation and consequently the interaction with 2 historical narratives, has not been done. This represent the narrow research gap within which I intend to place this thesis. Theory When approaching the Enlightenment, it is important to mention some of the contemporary debates revolving around the issue of a singular “the Enlightenment” as opposed to the duality and multiplicity of enlightenments that heavily depend on contextual influences. Conventionally, the Enlightenment is seen as a strictly French invention where the circle
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Biomedical Sciences 43 (2012) 691–699
    This article appeared in a journal published by Elsevier. The attached copy is furnished to the author for internal non-commercial research and education use, including for instruction at the authors institution and sharing with colleagues. Other uses, including reproduction and distribution, or selling or licensing copies, or posting to personal, institutional or third party websites are prohibited. In most cases authors are permitted to post their version of the article (e.g. in Word or Tex form) to their personal website or institutional repository. Authors requiring further information regarding Elsevier’s archiving and manuscript policies are encouraged to visit: http://www.elsevier.com/copyright Author's personal copy Studies in History and Philosophy of Biological and Biomedical Sciences 43 (2012) 691–699 Contents lists available at SciVerse ScienceDirect Studies in History and Philosophy of Biological and Biomedical Sciences journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/shpsc Differences and similarities in the regulation of medical practice between early modern Vienna and Osijek Bruno Atalic Clinical Department for Diagnostic and Intervention Radiology, Clinical Hospital Merkur, Zajceva 19, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia article info abstract Article history: This paper evaluates the regulation of medical practice from the sixteenth to the eighteenth centuries in Available online 12 May 2012 two Habsburg cities, Vienna and Osijek, in the light of the spread of medical knowledge and practice from the centre to the periphery of the Habsburg Monarchy. Although both cities were part of the Habsburg Keywords: Monarchy for much of the early modern period, there were more differences than similarities between Medicine them. This may be explained by appealing to a variety of factors, including geographical position, popu- Early modern period lation structure, religion, government type, and professional organisations, all of which contributed to Habsburg making medical practice very different in the two cities.
    [Show full text]
  • Literacy and Census: E Case of Banat Bulgarians, 1890–1910
    144 P P Literacy and Census: e Case of Banat Bulgarians, 1890–1910 Literacy is a dynamic category that changes over time. e understanding of writing has gradually been expanding while its public signi cance has been increasing. e transition to widespread literacy was performed from the 17 th to the 19 th centuries and was connected with the rise of the bourgeoisie, with the development of services and technology that generated economic demand for literate workers. is transition was a slow and gradual process and deve- loped at di erent rates in di erent geographical regions, but from a global point of view it was marked by unprecedented social transformation: while in the mid-19 th century only 10% of the adult population of the world could read and write, in the 21 st century – despite the ve-fold increase in population – 80% have basic literacy. 1 In recent decades this transformation has caused a considerable research interest in the history of literacy and the process of over- coming illiteracy. On the Subject of Research Herein, with respect to the spread of literacy in Austria–Hungary are studied the Banat Bulgarians, who are Western Rite Catholics. In 1890 they numbered 14 801 people. At that time the Banat Bulgarians had already been seled in the Habsburg Empire for a century and a half. ey were refugees from the district of Chiprovtsi town (Northwestern Bulgaria) who had le Bulgarian lands aer the unsuccessful anti-Ooman uprising of 1688. Passing through Wallachia and Southwest Transylvania (the laer under Austrian rule) in the 1 Education for All Global Monitoring Report 2006.
    [Show full text]
  • Croatia: Three Elections and a Funeral
    Conflict Studies Research Centre G83 REPUBLIC OF CROATIA Three Elections and a Funeral The Dawn of Democracy at the Millennial Turn? Dr Trevor Waters Introduction 2 President Tudjman Laid To Rest 2 Parliamentary Elections 2/3 January 2000 5 • Background & Legislative Framework • Political Parties & the Political Climate • Media, Campaign, Public Opinion Polls and NGOs • Parliamentary Election Results & International Reaction Presidential Elections - 24 January & 7 February 2000 12 Post Tudjman Croatia - A New Course 15 Annex A: House of Representatives Election Results October 1995 Annex B: House of Counties Election Results April 1997 Annex C: Presidential Election Results June 1997 Annex D: House of Representatives Election Results January 2000 Annex E: Presidential Election Results January/February 2000 1 G83 REPUBLIC OF CROATIA Three Elections and a Funeral The Dawn of Democracy at the Millennial Turn? Dr Trevor Waters Introduction Croatia's passage into the new millennium was marked by the death, on 10 December 1999, of the self-proclaimed "Father of the Nation", President Dr Franjo Tudjman; by make or break Parliamentary Elections, held on 3 January 2000, which secured the crushing defeat of the former president's ruling Croatian Democratic Union, yielded victory for an alliance of the six mainstream opposition parties, and ushered in a new coalition government strong enough to implement far-reaching reform; and by two rounds, on 24 January and 7 February, of Presidential Elections which resulted in a surprising and spectacular victory for the charismatic Stipe Mesić, Yugoslavia's last president, nonetheless considered by many Croats at the start of the campaign as an outsider, a man from the past.
    [Show full text]
  • Media and Literature in Multilingual Hungary 1770–1820
    Media and Literature in Multilingual Hungary 1770–1820 Edited by Ágnes Dóbék, Gábor Mészáros and Gábor Vaderna reciti Budapest 2019 Reciti Conference Books . 3 Edited by Zsuzsa Török Supported by the “Lendület” (“Momentum”) program of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, “Literary Culture in Western Hungary, 1770–1820” Research Group Proofreaders: Bernhard Heiller, Thomas Edward Hunter, Andrew C. Rouse This book is licenced under the terms of the Creative Commons License Attribution–NonCommercial–ShareAlike 2.5 Hungary (CC BY-NC-SA 2.5 HU), which permits any noncommercial use, sharing, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format (https://creativecommons.org/ licenses/by-nc-sa/2.5/hu/deed.en). Visit our website for free download: http://reciti.hu HU ISSN 2630-953X ISBN 978-615-5478-70-3 Published by Reciti, Institute for Literary Studies of the Research Centre for the Humanities, Hungarian Academy of Sciences 1118–Budapest, Ménesi út 11–13, Hungary Publisher: Gábor Kecskeméti, Director of HAS RCH Institute for Literary Studies Graphic design, layout: Zsuzsa Szilágyi N. Printing Press: Kódex Könyvgyártó Kft. Contents 1 Contents Gábor Vader na Language, Media and Politics in the Hungarian Kingdom between 1770 and 1820 ........................................................................... 9 István Fried Mehrsprachigkeit in den ersten Jahrzehnten der ungarischen Zeit- 17 schriftenliteratur ................................................................... Suzana Coha History of Journalism in the Croatian Lands from the Beginnings 41 until the Croatian National Revival ......................................... Eva Kowalská Die erste slowakische Zeitung Presspůrské nowiny zwischen Journalis- 55 mus und Patriotismus ................................................................ Andrea Seidler Höfische Berichterstattung in derPreßburger Zeitung Reflexionen über die mediale Präsenz des Kaiserpaares Franz I. Stephan 69 und Maria Theresias in den frühen Jahren des Periodikums ..................
    [Show full text]
  • The Impact of the Illyrian Movement on the Croatian Lexicon
    Slavistische Beiträge ∙ Band 223 (eBook - Digi20-Retro) George Thomas The Impact of the Illyrian Movement on the Croatian Lexicon Verlag Otto Sagner München ∙ Berlin ∙ Washington D.C. Digitalisiert im Rahmen der Kooperation mit dem DFG-Projekt „Digi20“ der Bayerischen Staatsbibliothek, München. OCR-Bearbeitung und Erstellung des eBooks durch den Verlag Otto Sagner: http://verlag.kubon-sagner.de © bei Verlag Otto Sagner. Eine Verwertung oder Weitergabe der Texte und Abbildungen, insbesondere durch Vervielfältigung, ist ohne vorherige schriftliche Genehmigung des Verlages unzulässig. «Verlag Otto Sagner» ist ein Imprint der Kubon & Sagner GmbH. George Thomas - 9783954792177 Downloaded from PubFactory at 01/10/2019 04:08:27AM via free access 00050383 S lavistische B e it r ä g e BEGRÜNDET VON ALOIS SCHMAUS HERAUSGEGEBEN VON HEINRICH KUNSTMANN PETER REHDER • JOSEF SCHRENK REDAKTION PETER REHDER Band 223 VERLAG OTTO SAGNER MÜNCHEN George Thomas - 9783954792177 Downloaded from PubFactory at 01/10/2019 04:08:27AM via free access 00050383 GEORGE THOMAS THE IMPACT OF THEJLLYRIAN MOVEMENT ON THE CROATIAN LEXICON VERLAG OTTO SAGNER • MÜNCHEN 1988 George Thomas - 9783954792177 Downloaded from PubFactory at 01/10/2019 04:08:27AM via free access ( B*y«ftecne I Staatsbibliothek l Mönchen ISBN 3-87690-392-0 © Verlag Otto Sagner, München 1988 Abteilung der Firma Kubon & Sagner, GeorgeMünchen Thomas - 9783954792177 Downloaded from PubFactory at 01/10/2019 04:08:27AM via free access 00050383 FOR MARGARET George Thomas - 9783954792177 Downloaded from PubFactory at 01/10/2019 04:08:27AM via free access .11 ж ־ י* rs*!! № ri. ur George Thomas - 9783954792177 Downloaded from PubFactory at 01/10/2019 04:08:27AM via free access 00050383 Preface My original intention was to write a book on caiques in Serbo-Croatian.
    [Show full text]
  • Royals on the Road. a Comparative Study of the Travel Patterns of Two
    Árpád Bebes Royals on the road. A Comparative study of the travel patterns of two Hungarian kings Sigismund of Luxemburg and Matthias Corvinus MA Thesis in Medieval Studies Central European University CEU eTD Collection Budapest May 2015 Royals on the road. A Comparative study of the travel patterns of two Hungarian kings Sigismund of Luxemburg and Matthias Corvinus by Árpád Bebes (Hungary) Thesis submitted to the Department of Medieval Studies, Central European University, Budapest, in partial fulfillment of the requirements of the Master of Arts degree in Medieval Studies. Accepted in conformance with the standards of the CEU. ____________________________________________ Chair, Examination Committee ____________________________________________ Thesis Supervisor ____________________________________________ Examiner ____________________________________________ CEU eTD Collection Examiner Budapest May 2015 Royals on the road. A Comparative study of the travel patterns of two Hungarian kings Sigismund of Luxemburg and Matthias Corvinus by Árpád Bebes (Hungary) Thesis submitted to the Department of Medieval Studies, Central European University, Budapest, in partial fulfillment of the requirements of the Master of Arts degree in Medieval Studies. Accepted in conformance with the standards of the CEU. ____________________________________________ External Reader CEU eTD Collection Budapest May 2015 Royals on the road. A Comparative study of the travel patterns of two Hungarian kings Sigismund of Luxemburg and Matthias Corvinus by Árpád Bebes
    [Show full text]
  • Language Policy and Linguistic Reality in Former Yugoslavia and Its Successor States
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Tsukuba Repository Language Policy and Linguistic Reality in Former Yugoslavia and its Successor States 著者 POZGAJ HADZ Vesna journal or Inter Faculty publication title volume 5 page range 49-91 year 2014 URL http://doi.org/10.15068/00143222 Language Policy and Linguistic Reality in Former Yugoslavia and its Successor States Vesna POŽGAJ HADŽI Department of Slavistics Faculty of Arts University of Ljubljana Abstract Turbulent social and political circumstances in the Middle South Slavic language area caused the disintegration of Yugoslavia and the formation of new countries in the 1990s, and this of course was reflected in the demise of the prestigious Serbo-Croatian language and the emergence of new standard languages based on the Štokavian dialect (Bosnian, Croatian, Serbian and Montenegrin). The Yugoslav language policy advocated a polycentric model of linguistic unity that strived for equal representation of the languages of the peoples (Serbo-Croatian, Macedonian and Slovenian), ethnicities (ethnic minorities) and ethnic groups, as well as both scripts (Latin and Cyrillic). Serbo-Croatian, spoken by 73% of people in Yugoslavia, was divided into the eastern and the western variety and two standard language expressions: Bosnian and Montenegrin. One linguistic system had sociolinguistic subsystems or varieties which functioned and developed in different socio-political, historical, religious and other circumstances. With the disintegration of Yugoslavia, the aforementioned sociolinguistic subsystems became standard languages (one linguistic system brought forth four political languages). We will describe the linguistic circumstances of the newly formed countries after 1991 in Croatia, Serbia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, and Montenegro.
    [Show full text]
  • The Hungarian Historical Review “Continuities and Discontinuities
    The Hungarian Historical Review New Series of Acta Historica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae Volume 5 No. 1 2016 “Continuities and Discontinuities: Political Thought in the Habsburg Empire in the Long Nineteenth Century” Ferenc Hörcher and Kálmán Pócza Special Editors of the Thematic Issue Contents Articles MARTYN RADY Nonnisi in sensu legum? Decree and Rendelet in Hungary (1790–1914) 5 FERENC HÖRCHER Enlightened Reform or National Reform? The Continuity Debate about the Hu ngarian Reform Era and the Example of the Two Széchenyis (1790–1848) 22 ÁRON KOVÁCS Continuity and Discontinuity in Transylvanian Romanian Thought: An Analysis of Four Bishopric Pleas from the Period between 1791 and 1842 46 VLASTA ŠVOGER Political Rights and Freedoms in the Croatian National Revival and the Croatian Political Movement of 1848–1849: Reestablishing Continuity 73 SARA LAGI Georg Jellinek, a Liberal Political Thinker against Despotic Rule (1885–1898) 105 ANDRÁS CIEGER National Identity and Constitutional Patriotism in the Context of Modern Hungarian History: An Overview 123 http://www.hunghist.org HHHR_2016_1.indbHR_2016_1.indb 1 22016.06.03.016.06.03. 112:39:582:39:58 Contents Book Reviews Das Preßburger Protocollum Testamentorum 1410 (1427)–1529, Vol. 1. 1410–1487. Edited by Judit Majorossy and Katalin Szende. Das Preßburger Protocollum Testamentorum 1410 (1427)–1529, Vol. 2. 1487–1529. Edited by Judit Majorossy und Katalin Szende. Reviewed by Elisabeth Gruber 151 Sopron. Edited by Ferenc Jankó, József Kücsán, and Katalin Szende with contributions by Dávid Ferenc, Károly Goda, and Melinda Kiss. Sátoraljaújhely. Edited by István Tringli. Szeged. Edited by László Blazovich et al. Reviewed by Anngret Simms 154 Egy székely két élete: Kövendi Székely Jakab pályafutása [Two lives of a Székely: The career of Jakab Székely of Kövend].
    [Show full text]
  • Vladimir-Peter-Goss-The-Beginnings
    Vladimir Peter Goss THE BEGINNINGS OF CROATIAN ART Published by Ibis grafika d.o.o. IV. Ravnice 25 Zagreb, Croatia Editor Krešimir Krnic This electronic edition is published in October 2020. This is PDF rendering of epub edition of the same book. ISBN 978-953-7997-97-7 VLADIMIR PETER GOSS THE BEGINNINGS OF CROATIAN ART Zagreb 2020 Contents Author’s Preface ........................................................................................V What is “Croatia”? Space, spirit, nature, culture ....................................1 Rome in Illyricum – the first historical “Pre-Croatian” landscape ...11 Creativity in Croatian Space ..................................................................35 Branimir’s Croatia ...................................................................................75 Zvonimir’s Croatia .................................................................................137 Interlude of the 12th c. and the Croatia of Herceg Koloman ............165 Et in Arcadia Ego ...................................................................................231 The catastrophe of Turkish conquest ..................................................263 Croatia Rediviva ....................................................................................269 Forest City ..............................................................................................277 Literature ................................................................................................303 List of Illustrations ................................................................................324
    [Show full text]
  • The Book Art in Croatia Exhibition Catalogue
    Book Art in Croatia BOOK ART IN CROATIA National and University Library in Zagreb, Zagreb, 2018 Contents Foreword / 4 Centuries of Book Art in Croatia / 5 Catalogue / 21 Foreword The National and University Library in Croatia, with the aim to present and promote the Croatian cultural heritage has prepared the exhibition Book Art in Croatia. The exhibition gives a historical view of book preparation and design in Croatia from the Middle Ages to the present day. It includes manuscript and printed books on different topics and themes, from mediaeval evangelistaries and missals to contemporary illustrated editions, print portfolios and artists’ books. Featured are the items that represent the best samples of artistic book design in Croatia with regard to their graphic design and harmonious relationship between the visual and graphic layout and content. The author of the exhibition is art historian Milan Pelc, who selected 60 items for presentation on panels. In addition to the introductory essay, the publication contains the catalogue of items with short descriptions. 4 Milan Pelc CENTURIES OF BOOK ART IN CROATIA Introduction Book art, a constituent part of written culture and Croatian cultural heritage as a whole, is ex- ceptionally rich and diverse. This essay does not pretend to describe it in its entirety. Its goal is to shed light on some (key) moments in its complex historical development and point to its most important specificities. The essay does not pertain to entire Croatian literary heritage, but only to the part created on the historical Croatian territory and created by the Croats. Namely, with regard to its origins, the Croatian literary heritage can be divided into three big groups.
    [Show full text]
  • The Hungarian Historical Review
    Hungarian Historical Review 5, no. 1 (2016): 5–21 Martyn Rady Nonnisi in sensu legum? Decree and Rendelet in Hungary (1790–1914) The Hungarian “constitution” was never balanced, for its sovereigns possessed a supervisory jurisdiction that permitted them to legislate by decree, mainly by using patents and rescripts. Although the right to proceed by decree was seldom abused by Hungary’s Habsburg rulers, it permitted the monarch on occasion to impose reforms in defiance of the Diet. Attempts undertaken in the early 1790s to hem in the ruler’s power by making the written law both fixed and comprehensive were unsuccessful. After 1867, the right to legislate by decree was assumed by Hungary’s government, and ministerial decree or “rendelet” was used as a substitute for parliamentary legislation. Not only could rendelets be used to fill in gaps in parliamentary legislation, they could also be used to bypass parliament and even to countermand parliamentary acts, sometimes at the expense of individual rights. The tendency remains in Hungary for its governments to use discretionary administrative instruments as a substitute for parliamentary legislation. Keywords: constitution, decree, patent, rendelet, legislation, Diet, Parliament In 1792, the Transylvanian Diet opened in the assembly rooms of Kolozsvár (today Cluj, Romania) with a trio, sung by the three graces, each of whom embodied one of the three powers identified by Montesquieu as contributing to a balanced constitution.1 The Hungarian constitution, however, was never balanced. The power attached to the executive was always the greatest. Attempts to hem in the executive, however, proved unsuccessful. During the later nineteenth century, the legislature surrendered to ministers a large share of its legislative capacity, with the consequence that ministerial decree or rendelet often took the place of statute law.
    [Show full text]
  • An 11Th Century Philosophical Treatise Written in Banat and Its Surprising Revelations About the Local History
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Elsevier - Publisher Connector Available online at www.sciencedirect.com Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 71 ( 2013 ) 196 – 205 International Workshop on the Historiography of Philosophy: Representations and Cultural Constructions 2012 An 11th century philosophical treatise written in Banat and its surprising revelations about the local history Constantin D. Rupa West University of Timisoara, Blv. V. Pârvan 4 Abstract Personality admired by Trithemius [1]1 and Pelbartus of Themesvár [2], eulogized by Pierre Nadal [3] and Nicolaus Olahus [4], St. Gerard of Csanád remains beyond the character of his legend an author wrapped in mystery and uncertainty, with a biography closer to miracle than historical argument. Despite this vita fabulosa transmitted by Acta sanctorum [5], the author of Deliberatio supra hymnum trium puerorum (1044) has to tell us some interesting and valuable information about his contemporaneity. This essay tries to contextualise such autobiographical details in the medieval history of Banat, the region between the Mures, Tisza and the Danube River. © 2013 ThePublished Authors. by PublishedElsevier Ltd. by ElsevierSelection Ltd. and/orOpen peer-review access under under CC BY responsibility-NC-ND license. of Claudiu Mesaros (West University of SelectionTimisoara, and Romania) peer-review under responsibility of Claudiu Mesaros (West University of Timisoara, Romania). Keywords: St. Gerard; medieval philosophy; Khazar eresy; Scythian rites; Romanian legends about Jews. 1. St. Gerard between Plato and Scripture Ignác Batthyány, the Roman Catholic Bishop of Transylvania whose monographic treatise printed at Gyulafehérvár (Alba Iulia) in 1790 remains until today the most exhaustive exegesis on St.
    [Show full text]