Lab Hand Out 3 - Bone and Axial Skeleton Bones of the Skull 1. Cranial Bones (8) 2. Facial Bones of Skull (14) A. Parietal Bone 2. Inferior nasal Concha 1. Temporal line of parietal bone 3. Nasal Bone A. Frontal Bone 4. Vomer Bone 1. Supercilliary Arch 5. Palatine 2. Supraorbital notch (supraorbital foramen) 1. Horizontal Plate (lamina) of palatine bone 3. Supraorbital margin i. Posterior nasal spine 4. Squamous part of frontal bone 6. Lacrimal Bone i. Glabella 1. Lacrimal Fossa A. Ethmoid Bone 7. Maxilla 1. Crista Galli 1. Alveolar Margins of the Maxilla 2. Cribriform Plate 2. Alveolar Sockets 3. Superior Nasal Concha 3. Palatine process of maxilla 4. Middle Nasal Concha 8. Mandible 5. Perpendicular plate 1. Alveolar Margins of the Mandible A. Occipital Bone 2. Mandibular symphysis 1. Occipital Condyle 3. Mandibular Body 2. External Occipital Crest 4. Mandibular Angle 3. External Occipital Protuberance 5. Mandibular Ramus 4. Superior Nuchal line 6. Mandibular Condyle 5. Inferior Nuchal Line 7. Coronoid Process 6. Groove for transverse dural sinus 8. Mandibular Notch A. Sphenoid Bone 9. Mental protuberance 1. Sella Turcica 10. Mental tubercle a. Hypophyseal fossa 9. Zygomatic Bone b. Dorsum sellae 1. Temporal Process of zygomatic bone 1. Greater Wings 10. Orbital surfaces 2. Lesser Wings 11. Orbital surface of the frontal bone 3. Pterygoid Processes 12. Orbital surface of the sphenoid bone A. Temporal Bone 13. Orbital surface of the ethmoid bone 1. External Acoustic Meatus 14. Orbital surface of the maxilla bone 2. Internal Acoustic Meatus 15. Orbital surface of the zygomatic bone 3. Mandibular Fossa of temporal bone 4. Mastoid Process Sinuses: mucous-lined air cavities 5. Styloid Process 2. Frontal sinus 6. Mastoid incisures 3. Ethmoid sinus 7. Zygomatic Process of temporal bone 4. Sphenoid sinus 8. Petrous Part 5. Maxillary sinus 9. Groove for sigmoid sinus Foramen/openings in skull Cranial fossae A. Olfactory/Cribriform Foramina 7. Anterior Cranial Fossa B. Optic foramen & optic Canal 8. Posterior Cranial Fossa C. Foramen ovale 9. Middle Cranial Fossa D. Foramen spinosum E. Foramen rotundum Processes of the Skull F. Foramen Lacerum 11. Zygomatic process of the maxilla bone G. Carotid Canal 12. Zygomatic process of the frontal bone H. Foramen Magnum 13. Zygomatic process of the temporal bone I. Hypoglossal canal 14. Temporal process of the zygomatic bone J. Jugular Foramen 15. Frontal process of the maxilla bone K. Mandibular Foramen 16. Frontal process of the zygomatic bone L. Mental Foramen M. Stylomastoid Foramen 3. Fetal Skull N. Superior orbital fissure A. Anterior Fontanel O. Inferior Orbital Fissure B. Posterior Fontanel P. Infraorbital Foramen C. Sphenoid Fontanel Q. Incisive fossa (foramen) D. Mastoid Fontanel R. Greater palatine foramen Sutures 4. Vertebrae A. Coronal Suture Intervertebral Foramina B. Lambdoid Suture Intervertebral Disc C. Sagittal Suture General Landmarks (found in the vertebrae) D. Squamous Suture 1. Body (Centrum) 2. Vertebral arch 5. Axial Skeleton Bones i. Pedicle 4. Hyoid Bone ii. Lamina A. Body 1. Spinous Process B. Greater Horn 2. Superior articulating process & facet C. Lesser Horn 3. Inferior articulating process & facet 5. Ribs 4. Transverse Process 6. Classification: True Ribs & false ribs 5. Vertebral Foramen/canal 7. Intercostal Space 6. Intervertebral foramen (foramina) A. Shaft Cervical Vertebrae B. Costal Angle 1. Bifid Spinous Process C. Neck of rib 2. Verterbral Prominence D. Head of rib 3. Transverse Process E. Costal Groove 4. Transverse Foramina F. Tubercle Atlas G. Costal Cartilage a. Anterior Arch 8. Sternum b. Anterior Tubercle A. Manubrium c. Lateral Masses 1. Jugular Notch Superior Articular Facet 2. Clavicular Notch Inferior Articular Facet A. Body a. Posterior Arch B. Xiphoid Process b. Posterior Tubercle C. Sternal Angle Axis D. Xiphisternal Joint (Angle) a. Body b. Dens (Odontoid Process) 6. Osteon Model (Haversian System) Thoracic Vertebrae (T1 - T12) 1. periosteum i. Transverse costal facet 2. Endosteum ii. Superior costal demifacet 3. Sharpey’s fibers iii. Inferior costal demifacet 4. Canaliculi Lumbar Vertebrae (L1 - L5) 5. Lamellae rings Sacrum 6. Lacuna with osteocyte A. Sacral Promontory 7. Central (Haversian) Canal B. Transverse ridges (Lines) 8. perforating (Volkmann’s) canal C. Sacral Foramina D. Apex E. Ala of sacrum F. Auricular Surface G. Sacral Canal H. Sacral hiatus I. Superior Articular Process (of sacrum) J. Medial Sacral Crest K. Lateral Sacral Crest Coccyx