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11/13/19 1 Asian Bees and Their Mites, Parasitic Flies, Hunting Wasps

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11/13/19 1 Asian Bees and Their Mites, Parasitic Flies, Hunting Wasps 11/13/19 Asian bees and their mites, Small African Hive Beetle parasitic flies, hunting wasps and other exotic nasties • First identified 2002 • Now from South Australia to Queensland • Huge problem Ben Oldroyd • NO ONE SAW IT Behaviour and Genetics of Social Insects Lab, University of Sydney COMING Vespa mandarina Vespa velutina Palarus latifrons Philanthus triangulum 1 2 What we will cover Honey bees of the world • Asian bees and their mites Dwarf bees Giant bees • Predatory wasps 6 million years Cavity But not: nesting • African bees bees • Parasitic flies • Viruses • Giant hive beetles 3 4 1 11/13/19 Dwarf bees Map of Wallace line Apis florea Apis andreniformis • Red dwarf honey bee • Black dwarf honey bee • South east Asia, India, Middle • Rainforest species, SE Asia East • Highly invasive in north Africa Natural limit of honey bees P Nanork B Oldroyd 5 6 Threats to Australia Dwarf bee mites Apis florea Apis andreniformis • Highly likely to form invasive • Confined to wet tropics Apis florea Apis andreniformis populations and compete with Euvarroa sinhai Euvarroa wongsirii native bees • Fruit damage? L. De Guzman M. Burgett B Oldroyd B Oldroyd 7 8 2 11/13/19 Giant bees Giant bees – treats to Australia Apis dorsata Apis Apis Apis dorsata, Apis laboriosa • Pan Asian laboriosa breviligula • Tropilaelaps mercedesae except • Mountains • Philippines Philippines and Vietnam to • Tropilaelaps koenigurum Sulawesi Nepal Tropilaelaps mercedesae • Heavily hunted • Heavily hunted • Tropilaelaps thaii L de Guzman Tropilaelaps koenigurum Photos: B Oldroyd 9 10 Apis breviligula (Philippines) Tropilaelaps clarae Lilia de Guzman Lilia de Guzman 11 12 3 11/13/19 Cavity nesting bees Cavity nesting bee mites Apis cerana Apis Apis indica Apis nigrocincta Apis nuluensis • ‘Asian hive koschevnikovi • ‘Plains bee’ • Mountains of • ‘Mountain Apis cerana Apis Apis indica Apis Apis • bee’ ‘Red bee’ • India Sulawesi bee’ koschevnikovi nigrocincta nuluensis • Pan Asian • Indonesia, • Larger than A. • Borneo Varroa Varroa Mites Varroa Mites mountains • Kept in many Malay cerana jacobsoni rindereri undescribed jacobsoni undescribed peninsular places Varroa • Rainforest destructor Varroa underwoodi B. Oldroyd B. Oldroyd B. Oldroyd G. Otis B. Oldroyd 13 14 Evolved to hunt A. cerana. But A. cerana is Predatory wasps evolved to resist the wasp South African Bee pirates. Stolen from the internet Asian hornet . B Oldroyd Giant Asian hornet. B. Oldroyd Apis mellifera (video K. Tan) Apis cerana (video B. Oldroyd) 15 16 4 11/13/19 Vespa velutina is now endemic in Europe, Japan, Korea First seen • South Korea 2003 • France 2004 • Italy, Spain, Britain 2005+ • Japan 2012-2015 • Not far away from us Tan, K., Z. Wang, H. Li, S. Yan, Z. Hu, G. Kastberger, and B. P. Oldroyd. 2012. An 'I see you' prey-predator signal between the Asian honeybee (Apis cerana) and the hornet (Vespa velutina). Animal Behaviour 83:879-882. 17 18 70 A. mellifera evolved in the absence of V. velutina and never shakes 60 90 50 Vespa velutina 80 A. cerana 70 A. mellifera 60 40 50 40 30 30 20 10 20 0 10 Papilio xuthus Shakes per minute guard bee 0 Number of kills 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 Number of guards Distance of threat from entrance (cm) Distance from entrance (cm) Tan, K., Z. Wang, H. Li, S. Yan, Z. Hu, G. Kastberger, and B. P. Oldroyd. 2012. An 'I see you' prey-predator signal between the Asian honeybee (Apis cerana) and the hornet (Vespa velutina). Animal Behaviour 83:879-882. Tan, K., Z. Wang, H. Li, S. Yan, Z. Hu, G. Kastberger, and B. P. Oldroyd. 2012. An 'I see you' prey-predator signal between the Asian honeybee (Apis cerana) and the hornet (Vespa velutina). Animal Behaviour 83:879-882. 19 20 5 11/13/19 Response of young A. cerana raised in the lab Giant Asian Hornet Vespa mandarinia 50 40 G V. velutina G J P. xuthus 30 20 G G 10 J G 0 JJJ Mean number of shimmers/min/bee -10 24 hrs 48 hrs 72 hrs 2 weeks Tan, K., Z. Wang, W. Chen, Z. Hu, and B. P. Oldroyd. 2013. The 'I see you' prey- predator signal of Apis cerana is innate. Naturwissenschaften 100:245-248. 21 22 • V. mandarina trap South Korea 23 24 6 11/13/19 Bee pirates • Attack bees in South Africa. • Bees refuse to forage when bee pirates are around Philanthus triangulum Palarus latifrons 25 26 Click here! 27 7.
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