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Potential Influence of Habitat Type and Seasonal Variations on Prey Spectrum of Vespa Velutina, the Asian Hornet, in Europe

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Potential Influence of Habitat Type and Seasonal Variations on Prey Spectrum of Vespa Velutina, the Asian Hornet, in Europe Potential Influence of Habitat Type and Seasonal Variations on Prey Spectrum of Vespa velutina, the Asian Hornet, in Europe. Muller, F. J., Rome Q., Perrard A., Villemant C. Funded by FranceAgriMer under the Community Program "Apiculture" - CE 797 / 2007-2010 CNRS – MNHN – IRD - INRA Franck Muller - Post-Doc (UMR 7205 CNRS-MNHN) [email protected] / [email protected] Origin & Introduction Vespa crabro Before 2004? (22 species) V. velutina Vespa orientalis V. velutina nigrithorax North of India, Nepal, China, Korea Villemant et al. 2008. Proc. XXth ICZ. Integrative Zool. Rortais et al. 2008. ALARM Atlas A well known predator of bees in Asia Bi Doup, Vietnam, June 2008 Asian bees have developed ways to resist to these attacks Apis cerana Vespa velutina variana Abrol. J. 2006. Apic. Sci. 50: 30-46 Tan et al. 2007. Naturwissensch. 94: 469-472 Villemant 2008. Bull. Soc. Entomol. Fr. 113: 312 PARIS MNHN Inventaire National du Patrimoine Naturel http://inpn.mnhn.fr/ http://inpn.mnhn.fr/isn/recherche?espèce= Vespa velutina Expansion 2004 - 2008 20052006200720082004 Rome et al. 2009 Bul. Soc. Ent.Fr. Modeling Expansion Potentialities Maxent model representation, only with the Asian records (maximum training sensitivity plus specificity threshold = 0,210) Rome, Q., Gargominy, O., Jiguet, F., Muller, F. J., Villemant, C. Poster APIMONDIA, Montpellier Today Friday 18th sept.2009 Modeling Expansion Potentialities Distribution of the German Wasp Vespula germanica (Fabricius, 1793) Native Invasive Rome, Q., Gargominy, O., Jiguet, F., Muller, F. J., Villemant, C. Poster APIMONDIA, Montpellier Today Friday 18th sept.2009 Modeling Expansion Potentialities Maxent model representation (zoom on Europe), based on Asian and French records (Maximum training sensitivity plus specificity threshold = 0,129) Rome, Q., Gargominy, O., Jiguet, F., Muller, F. J., Villemant, C. Poster APIMONDIA, Montpellier Today Friday 18th sept.2009 Life Cycle in France April : Embryo nest May: 1st workers February-march : End of hibernation July Oct - November Emergence of males and queens October December : Death of the colony ©C. Ceyral Prey Spectrum – Material & Methods see also Perrard et al. 2009. in Ann. Soc. Entomol. Fr. Prey Spectrum – collecting material Dordogne, August-November 2008 (ongoing 2009 season not included ) -12 nests - 3 habitat types (CLC 1/2/3) - 5150 hornets captured - Three 90min sessions per day - 811 food pellets collected - 1 – 3 days per month - 595 wood pellets Prey Spectrum – Identifying preys Ideally… Hym.: Vespidae Arachnid: Aranea Diptera: Syrphidae Hemiptera: Hymenoptera: Vertebrate: Bird Diptera: Brachycera Fulguromorpha Apidae Prey Spectrum – Results Artificial Surfaces (Urban fabric, Artificial, non agricultural vegetated areas) Corine Land Cover (CLC) Level 1 Others 4% Hymenoptera 80% Diptera 16% Prey Spectrum – Preliminary Results Artificial Surfaces (Urban fabric, Artificial, non agricultural vegetated areas) Corine Land Cover (CLC) Level 1 Hymenoptera 15% Others 4% Diptera 16% Hym: Bees 65% Prey Spectrum – Preliminary Results Forests and semi-natural areas Corine Land Cover (CLC) Level 1 Others 6% Hymenoptera 85% Diptera 9% Prey Spectrum – Preliminary Results Forests and semi-natural areas Corine Land Cover (CLC) Level 1 Hymenoptera 22% Others 6% Diptera 9% Hym : Bees 63% Prey Spectrum – Preliminary Results Agricultural areas (Arable land, permanent crop, Heterogeneous agricultural areas) Corine Land Cover (CLC) Level 1 Others 7% Aranea 4% Hymenoptera 53% Diptera 36% Prey Spectrum – Preliminary Results Agricultural areas (Arable land, permanent crop, Heterogeneous agricultural areas) Corine Land Cover (CLC) Level 1 Others 7% Aranea 4% Hymenoptera 23% Diptera 36% Hym : Bees 30% Prey Spectrum – Preliminary Results Overall seasonal variation of number and type of preys collected during average 90 minutes capture sessions 70 Other preys 60 Diptera : others Diptera : syrphidae 50 vespidae apidae 40 30 20 10 Nb of preys captured during average 90min sessions average90min duringcapturedpreys Nb of 0 August September October November (Detail for one site in an agricultural area) Prey Spectrum – Results Halictes Order Infro order / Super Familly Familly Total Hymenoptera Apoidea Apidae 35,78% Halictidae 0,28% Unidentifiable 1,94% Vespoidea Vespidae 19,56% 59% ©M. Aubert Unidentifiable 0,69% Syrphidae Ichneumonoidea Ichneumonidae 0,28% Chalcidoidea 0,14% Diptera Brachycera Unidentifiable 15,12% Syrphidae 9,71% Calliphoridae 3,47% © David Muscidae 1,53% Spiders Tachinidae 0,42% 32% Scatophagidae 0,14% Unidentifiable 1,25% Nematocera Simuliidae 0,42% Tipulidae 0,28% Araneae 3,19% Hemiptera Fulgoromorpha Dictyophoridae cf. 0,28% Unidentifiable 0,28% © Bataille Cicadelloidea Cicadellidae 0,14% Panorpidae Pentatomoidea Pentatomidae 0,14% Unidentifiable 0,14% 9% Orthoptera Ensifera 0,55% Unidentifiable 0,42% Lepidoptera, Mecoptera, Trichoptera, Vertebrate, Coleoptera, 3,88% © Guillaumin Heteroptera, Nevroptera, Dermaptera, Blattaria (each less than 1%) Conclusions & Objectives Species actual expansion & Modeling of species potential future distribution Vespa velutina presence in Europe is irreversible Its expansion to other countries is almost unavoidable Europe is not the only continent potentially concerned Conclusions & Objectives Is there an influence of habitat type on prey spectrum ? Is there a seasonal variation of the prey spectrum ? Prey spectrum is the most diverse in most species rich habitats Prey spectrum varies throughout the season in term of : 1) Quantities of preys collected 2) Proportion of taxonomic groups that are concerned Prey spectrum is very diverse : 59% are hymenopera (35% of the total are bees) 32% are diptera 9% are other preys Conclusions & Objectives Next Steps ? Quantify the impact on populations of pollinators Quantify the loss of overall biodiversity Keep on following the expansion of the species to : 1- Quantify the fluctuation of population levels 2- Confirm and/or Refine the models of future distribution Keep on communicating on the need for a more rationate and targeted control that would limit non-target effects A. Perrard Acknowledgements To too many people to list them here for : Precious help on field trip organization or supplying material Thousands of nest reports (list of contributors on the INPN website) Stimulating scientific collaborations More information on http://inpn.mnhn.fr and J. Haxaire for most of the macrophotographs.
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