Pinus Merkusii Jungh
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Spatial Distribution and Historical Dynamics of Threatened Conifers of the Dalat Plateau, Vietnam
SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION AND HISTORICAL DYNAMICS OF THREATENED CONIFERS OF THE DALAT PLATEAU, VIETNAM A thesis Presented to The Faculty of the Graduate School At the University of Missouri In Partial Fulfillment Of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Arts By TRANG THI THU TRAN Dr. C. Mark Cowell, Thesis Supervisor MAY 2011 The undersigned, appointed by the dean of the Graduate School, have examined the thesis entitled SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION AND HISTORICAL DYNAMICS OF THREATENED CONIFERS OF THE DALAT PLATEAU, VIETNAM Presented by Trang Thi Thu Tran A candidate for the degree of Master of Arts of Geography And hereby certify that, in their opinion, it is worthy of acceptance. Professor C. Mark Cowell Professor Cuizhen (Susan) Wang Professor Mark Morgan ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This research project would not have been possible without the support of many people. The author wishes to express gratitude to her supervisor, Prof. Dr. Mark Cowell who was abundantly helpful and offered invaluable assistance, support, and guidance. My heartfelt thanks also go to the members of supervisory committees, Assoc. Prof. Dr. Cuizhen (Susan) Wang and Prof. Mark Morgan without their knowledge and assistance this study would not have been successful. I also wish to thank the staff of the Vietnam Initiatives Group, particularly to Prof. Joseph Hobbs, Prof. Jerry Nelson, and Sang S. Kim for their encouragement and support through the duration of my studies. I also extend thanks to the Conservation Leadership Programme (aka BP Conservation Programme) and Rufford Small Grands for their financial support for the field work. Deepest gratitude is also due to Sub-Institute of Ecology Resources and Environmental Studies (SIERES) of the Institute of Tropical Biology (ITB) Vietnam, particularly to Prof. -
Seed Source Variation in Cone, Seed and Seedling Characteristic Across the Natural Distribution of Himalayan Low Level Pine Pinus Roxburghii Sarg
Mukherjee Roy et al.·Silvae Genetica (2004) 53-3, 116-123 LUGER, G. F., STUBBLEFIELD, W. A. (1998): Artificial Intelligence. RITLAND, K. (1986): Joint maximum likelihood estimation of Addison Wesley, USA. genetic and mating structure using open-pollinated proge- PAPAGEORGIOU, A. C. (1995): Genetische Untersuchungen zur nies. Biometrics 42, 25–43. Züchtung und Generhaltung der Mittelmeerzypresse TURBAN, E., ARONSON J. (1998): Decision Support Systems and (Cupressus sempervirens L.) in Griechenland. Göttingen Intelligent Systems. Prentice Hall, New Jersey, USA. Research Notes in Forest Genetics 18, Georg-August Univer- VERGA, A. R. (1995): Genetische Untersuchungen an Prosopis sität Göttingen, Germany. chilensis und P. flexuosa im trockenen Chaco Argentiniens. PRATA, S. (1998): C++ Primer Plus, 3rd edition. Sams Publishing, Göttingen Research Notes in Forest Genetics 19, Georg- Indiana, U.S.A. August Universität Göttingen, Germany. Seed Source Variation in Cone, Seed and Seedling Characteristic Across the Natural Distribution of Himalayan Low Level Pine Pinus roxburghii Sarg. By S. MUKHERJEE ROY*, R. C. THAPLIYAL and S. S. PHARTYAL (Received 5th July 2004) Abstract percentage of heritability coupled with same intensity of gain, The wide range of climatic condition in the natural distribu- was observed for many of the traits studied under laboratory tion of chir pine is expected to result in high genetic variation conditions and at nursery stage e.g. for germination percent- within different populations of the species. The present study age, MGT, GV. This signifies that these traits are under strong on the provenance variation of chir pine aims to determine the genetic control and good amount of heritable additive genetic nature and extent of variation in wide range of populations component can be exploited for further selection and improve- with respect to 23 morphological traits of cone, seed and ment of this species. -
World Bank Document
Report No. P-2147-PAK(s) Pakistan: Hazara Forestry Pre-lnvestment Project Technical Annexes FILE COPY October 1977 South Asia Projects Department Public Disclosure Authorized Agriculture Division B FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Document of the World Bank Public Disclosure Authorized This document has a restricted distribution and may be used by recipients only in the performance of their official duties. Its contents may not otherwise be disclosed without World Bank authorization. PAKISTAN HAZARA FORESTRY PRE-INVESTMENT PROJECT Currency Equivalent US$ = PRs 9.8 PRs 1 US$ 0.10 PRs I million (m) US$302,000 Weights and Measures I acre (ac) 0.405 hectare (ha) I kana] 0.125 acre I mile (mi) 1.609 kilometers (km) 1 foot (ft) 0.3048 meters I inch (in) 2.540 centimeters 1 cubic foot (ft ) 0.0283 cubicmeter (m3) 1 pound (Ib) =0.454 kilograms (kg) 3 liter (]) 0.264 US gallons I maund 82.3 lbs = 37.4 kg Abbreviations ACF - Assistant Conservator of Forests DBH - Tree diameter at breast heilght (4 ft. 3 in.) DFO - Divisional Forest Officer FD - Forest Department of NWFP GOAK - Government of Azad Kashmir GONWFP - Government of North West Frontier Province GOP - Government of Pakistan MAI - Mean annual volume increment of growing trees NWFP - North West Frontier Province PFI - Pakistan Forest Institute Glossary Pulp - Wood pulp produced by mechanical or chemical means. Pulpwood - Wood used in pulp manufacture; usually small dimension roundwood and wood waste from other forms of wood processing. Roundwood - Unprocessed logs in round form. Fiscal Year - GOP and GONWFP July 1 to June 30 FMR 01FfCIAL USE ONLY PAKISTAN: Supplement to Hazara Forestry Pre-Investment Project Technical Annexes containing Working Papers for project imp] ementation October, 1977 South Asia Projects Department Agricul ture Division B The data and other materia7 contained in the technical arnexes have been compiled to give direction to project activities and provide a basis for developing detailed work programs for the various sub-components. -
Essential Oils from Wood, Bark, and Needles of Pinus Roxburghii Sarg
PEER-REVIEWED ARTICLE bioresources.com Essential Oils from Wood, Bark, and Needles of Pinus roxburghii Sarg. from Alexandria, Egypt: Antibacterial and Antioxidant Activities Mohamed Z.M. Salem,a,* Hayssam M. Ali,b,c and Mohammed O. Basalah b The essential oils extracted by hydro-distillation of Pinus roxburghii wood, bark, and needles were analyzed by GC/MS, and their antibacterial and antioxidant activities were evaluated. Twenty-two, thirty-one, and twenty-eight compounds were identified in the essential oils of wood, bark, and needles, respectively. The major chemical constituents of wood’s essential oil were caryophyllene (16.75%), thunbergol (16.29%), 3-carene (14.95%), cembrene (12.08%), α-thujene (10.81%), and terpinolen (7.17%). In bark, they were α-pinene (31.29%) and 3- carene (28.05%), and in needles, they were α-pinene (39%) and 3-carene (33.37%). Almost all of the essential oils were active against human pathogen bacteria, and the essential oils from bark and needles were active against the plant pathogen bacteria Ralstonia solanacearum and Pectobacterium carotovorum. Alternatively, Erwinia amylovora was resistant to all tested oils. The total antioxidant activities (TAA%) of the essential oils from wood (82 ± 2.12%), and bark (85 ± 1.24%) were higher than that of tannic acid (81 ± 1.02%), and the TAA% from the essential oil of needles (50 ± 2.24%) was lower than that of tannic acid. Keywords: Pinus roxburghii; Essential oil; Antibacterial activity; Antioxidant activity; Wood; Bark; Needles Contact information: a: Forestry and Wood Technology Department, Faculty of Agriculture (EL-Shatby), Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt; b: Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. -
Evolution of Angiosperm Pollen. 7. Nitrogen-Fixing Clade1
Evolution of Angiosperm Pollen. 7. Nitrogen-Fixing Clade1 Authors: Jiang, Wei, He, Hua-Jie, Lu, Lu, Burgess, Kevin S., Wang, Hong, et. al. Source: Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden, 104(2) : 171-229 Published By: Missouri Botanical Garden Press URL: https://doi.org/10.3417/2019337 BioOne Complete (complete.BioOne.org) is a full-text database of 200 subscribed and open-access titles in the biological, ecological, and environmental sciences published by nonprofit societies, associations, museums, institutions, and presses. Your use of this PDF, the BioOne Complete website, and all posted and associated content indicates your acceptance of BioOne’s Terms of Use, available at www.bioone.org/terms-of-use. Usage of BioOne Complete content is strictly limited to personal, educational, and non - commercial use. Commercial inquiries or rights and permissions requests should be directed to the individual publisher as copyright holder. BioOne sees sustainable scholarly publishing as an inherently collaborative enterprise connecting authors, nonprofit publishers, academic institutions, research libraries, and research funders in the common goal of maximizing access to critical research. Downloaded From: https://bioone.org/journals/Annals-of-the-Missouri-Botanical-Garden on 01 Apr 2020 Terms of Use: https://bioone.org/terms-of-use Access provided by Kunming Institute of Botany, CAS Volume 104 Annals Number 2 of the R 2019 Missouri Botanical Garden EVOLUTION OF ANGIOSPERM Wei Jiang,2,3,7 Hua-Jie He,4,7 Lu Lu,2,5 POLLEN. 7. NITROGEN-FIXING Kevin S. Burgess,6 Hong Wang,2* and 2,4 CLADE1 De-Zhu Li * ABSTRACT Nitrogen-fixing symbiosis in root nodules is known in only 10 families, which are distributed among a clade of four orders and delimited as the nitrogen-fixing clade. -
Alnus P. Mill
A Betulaceae—Birch family Alnus P. Mill. alder Constance A. Harrington, Leslie Chandler Brodie, Dean S. DeBell, and C. S. Schopmeyer Dr. Harrington and Ms. Brodie are foresters on the silviculture research team at the USDA Forest Service’s Pacific Northwest Research Station, Olympia,Washington; Dr. DeBell retired from the USDA Forest Service’s Pacific Northwest Research Station; Dr. Schopmeyer (deceased) was the technical coordinator of the previous manual Growth habit and occurrence. Alder—the genus (Tarrant and Trappe 1971). Alders also have been planted for Alnus—includes about 30 species of deciduous trees and wildlife food and cover (Liscinsky 1965) and for ornamental shrubs occurring in North America, Europe, and Asia and in use. European and red alders have been considered for use the Andes Mountains of Peru and Bolivia. Most alders are in biomass plantings for energy (Gillespie and Pope 1994) tolerant of moist sites and thus are commonly found along and are considered excellent firewood. In recent years, har streams, rivers, and lakes and on poorly drained soils; in vest and utilization of red alder has expanded greatly on the addition, some species occur on steep slopes and at high ele Pacific Coast of North America, where the species is used vations. The principal species found in North America are for paper products, pallets, plywood, paneling, furniture, listed in table 1. Many changes in the taxonomy of alder veneer, and cabinetry (Harrington 1984; Plank and Willits have been made over the years; in this summary, species are 1994). Red alder is also used as a fuel for smoking or curing referred to by their currently accepted names although in salmon and other seafood and its bark is used to make a red many cases the information was published originally under or orange dye (Pojar and MacKinnon 1994). -
Formation of Pinus Merkusii Growing in Central Thailand
Environment and Natural Resources Journal 2020; 18(3): 234-248 Effects of Climate Variability on the Annual and Intra-annual Ring Formation of Pinus merkusii Growing in Central Thailand Nathsuda Pumijumnong1 and Kritsadapan Palakit2* 1Faculty of Environment and Resource Studies, Mahidol University, Thailand 2Laboratory of Tropical Dendrochronology, Department of Forest Management, Faculty of Forestry, Kasetsart University, Thailand ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Received: 5 Aug 2019 The research clarifies which climatic factors induce annual and intra-annual ring Received in revised: 3 Feb 2020 formation in merkus pine (Pinus merkusii) growing in the low lying plains of Accepted: 19 Feb 2020 central Thailand and reconstructs the past climate by using climate modelling Published online: 26 May 2020 derived from climate-growth response. Not only are climate variations longer DOI: 10.32526/ennrj.18.3.2020.22 than a century in central Thailand explained, but the study also explores for the first time the variability in climate using the formation of intra-annual rings in Keywords: Climate reconstruction/ Thai merkus pines. The tree-ring analysis of wood core samples indicated that Dendrochronology/ False ring/ the pine stand was more than 150 years old with the oldest tree being 191 years Merkus pine/ Pinus latteri old. The annual variation in tree growth significantly correlated with local climate variables, the number of rainy days in each year (r=0.520, p<0.01) and *Corresponding author: the extreme maximum temperature in April (r=-0.377, p<0.01). The regional E-mail: [email protected] climate of the Equatorial Southern Oscillation in March (EQ_SOIMarch) also highly correlated with the pine growth (r=0.360, p<0.01). -
Biodiversity Conservation in Botanical Gardens
AgroSMART 2019 International scientific and practical conference ``AgroSMART - Smart solutions for agriculture'' Volume 2019 Conference Paper Biodiversity Conservation in Botanical Gardens: The Collection of Pinaceae Representatives in the Greenhouses of Peter the Great Botanical Garden (BIN RAN) E M Arnautova and M A Yaroslavceva Department of Botanical garden, BIN RAN, Saint-Petersburg, Russia Abstract The work researches the role of botanical gardens in biodiversity conservation. It cites the total number of rare and endangered plants in the greenhouse collection of Peter the Great Botanical garden (BIN RAN). The greenhouse collection of Pinaceae representatives has been analysed, provided with a short description of family, genus and certain species, presented in the collection. The article highlights the importance of Pinaceae for various industries, decorative value of plants of this group, the worth of the pinaceous as having environment-improving properties. In Corresponding Author: the greenhouses there are 37 species of Pinaceae, of 7 geni, all species have a E M Arnautova conservation status: CR -- 2 species, EN -- 3 species, VU- 3 species, NT -- 4 species, LC [email protected] -- 25 species. For most species it is indicated what causes depletion. Most often it is Received: 25 October 2019 the destruction of natural habitats, uncontrolled clearance, insect invasion and diseases. Accepted: 15 November 2019 Published: 25 November 2019 Keywords: biodiversity, botanical gardens, collections of tropical and subtropical plants, Pinaceae plants, conservation status Publishing services provided by Knowledge E E M Arnautova and M A Yaroslavceva. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons 1. Introduction Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use and Nowadays research of biodiversity is believed to be one of the overarching goals for redistribution provided that the original author and source are the modern world. -
Hybridization and Evolution in the Genus Pinus
Hybridization and Evolution in the Genus Pinus Baosheng Wang Department of Ecology and Environmental Science Umeå 2013 Hybridization and Evolution in the Genus Pinus Baosheng Wang Department of Ecology and Environmental Science Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden 2013 This work is protected by the Swedish Copyright Legislation (Act 1960:729) Copyright©Baosheng Wang ISBN: 978-91-7459-702-8 Cover photo: Jian-Feng Mao Printed by: Print&Media Umeå, Sweden 2013 List of Papers This thesis is a summary and discussion of the following papers, which are referred to by their Roman numerals. I. Wang, B. and Wang, X.R. Mitochondrial DNA capture and divergence in Pinus provide new insights into the evolution of the genus. Submitted Manuscript II. Wang, B., Mao, J.F., Gao, J., Zhao, W. and Wang, X.R. 2011. Colonization of the Tibetan Plateau by the homoploid hybrid pine Pinus densata. Molecular Ecology 20: 3796-3811. III. Gao, J., Wang, B., Mao, J.F., Ingvarsson, P., Zeng, Q.Y. and Wang, X.R. 2012. Demography and speciation history of the homoploid hybrid pine Pinus densata on the Tibetan Plateau. Molecular Ecology 21: 4811–4827. IV. Wang, B., Mao, J.F., Zhao, W. and Wang, X.R. 2013. Impact of geography and climate on the genetic differentiation of the subtropical pine Pinus yunnannensis. PLoS One. 8: e67345. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0067345 V. Wang, B., Mahani, M.K., Ng, W.L., Kusumi, J., Phi, H.H., Inomata, N., Wang, X.R. and Szmidt, A.E. Extremely low nucleotide polymorphism in Pinus krempfii Lecomte, a unique flat needle pine endemic to Vietnam. -
Phytogeographic Review of Vietnam and Adjacent Areas of Eastern Indochina L
KOMAROVIA (2003) 3: 1–83 Saint Petersburg Phytogeographic review of Vietnam and adjacent areas of Eastern Indochina L. V. Averyanov, Phan Ke Loc, Nguyen Tien Hiep, D. K. Harder Leonid V. Averyanov, Herbarium, Komarov Botanical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Prof. Popov str. 2, Saint Petersburg 197376, Russia E-mail: [email protected], [email protected] Phan Ke Loc, Department of Botany, Viet Nam National University, Hanoi, Viet Nam. E-mail: [email protected] Nguyen Tien Hiep, Institute of Ecology and Biological Resources of the National Centre for Natural Sciences and Technology of Viet Nam, Nghia Do, Cau Giay, Hanoi, Viet Nam. E-mail: [email protected] Dan K. Harder, Arboretum, University of California Santa Cruz, 1156 High Street, Santa Cruz, California 95064, U.S.A. E-mail: [email protected] The main phytogeographic regions within the eastern part of the Indochinese Peninsula are delimited on the basis of analysis of recent literature on geology, geomorphology and climatology of the region, as well as numerous recent literature information on phytogeography, flora and vegetation. The following six phytogeographic regions (at the rank of floristic province) are distinguished and outlined within eastern Indochina: Sikang-Yunnan Province, South Chinese Province, North Indochinese Province, Central Annamese Province, South Annamese Province and South Indochinese Province. Short descriptions of these floristic units are given along with analysis of their floristic relationships. Special floristic analysis and consideration are given to the Orchidaceae as the largest well-studied representative of the Indochinese flora. 1. Background The Socialist Republic of Vietnam, comprising the largest area in the eastern part of the Indochinese Peninsula, is situated along the southeastern margin of the Peninsula. -
Global Survey of Ex Situ Betulaceae Collections Global Survey of Ex Situ Betulaceae Collections
Global Survey of Ex situ Betulaceae Collections Global Survey of Ex situ Betulaceae Collections By Emily Beech, Kirsty Shaw and Meirion Jones June 2015 Recommended citation: Beech, E., Shaw, K., & Jones, M. 2015. Global Survey of Ex situ Betulaceae Collections. BGCI. Acknowledgements BGCI gratefully acknowledges the many botanic gardens around the world that have contributed data to this survey (a full list of contributing gardens is provided in Annex 2). BGCI would also like to acknowledge the assistance of the following organisations in the promotion of the survey and the collection of data, including the Royal Botanic Gardens Edinburgh, Yorkshire Arboretum, University of Liverpool Ness Botanic Gardens, and Stone Lane Gardens & Arboretum (U.K.), and the Morton Arboretum (U.S.A). We would also like to thank contributors to The Red List of Betulaceae, which was a precursor to this ex situ survey. BOTANIC GARDENS CONSERVATION INTERNATIONAL (BGCI) BGCI is a membership organization linking botanic gardens is over 100 countries in a shared commitment to biodiversity conservation, sustainable use and environmental education. BGCI aims to mobilize botanic gardens and work with partners to secure plant diversity for the well-being of people and the planet. BGCI provides the Secretariat for the IUCN/SSC Global Tree Specialist Group. www.bgci.org FAUNA & FLORA INTERNATIONAL (FFI) FFI, founded in 1903 and the world’s oldest international conservation organization, acts to conserve threatened species and ecosystems worldwide, choosing solutions that are sustainable, based on sound science and take account of human needs. www.fauna-flora.org GLOBAL TREES CAMPAIGN (GTC) GTC is undertaken through a partnership between BGCI and FFI, working with a wide range of other organisations around the world, to save the world’s most threated trees and the habitats which they grow through the provision of information, delivery of conservation action and support for sustainable use. -
Chapter 1 Introduction
Chapter 1 Introduction Chapterl Page 1 1.1 Introduction Chir pine scientifically known as Pinus roxburghii (family Coniferae) is one of the six Pinus species of India and the most widely occurring. It is also known as Himalayan long needle pine, long leaved Indian pine, Indian chir pine, chir or chil. Chir pine (Pinus roxburghii), is the dominant species native of the inter-ranges and principal valleys of the Himalaya. It begins from Afghanistan in the west and ends in Bhutan in the east and extends through countries like Pakistan, India and Nepal. In India its natural forests are found in Jammu and Kashmir, Haryana, Uttarakhand, Himachal Pradesh, and Uttar Pradesh, parts of Sikkim, West Bengal and Arunachal Pradesh. The total area under chir forests is estimated to be 8, 90,000 hectares which occurs between 450 m to 2300 m altitude. It forms pure forests in its habitat but in its upper and lower limits occurs mixed with other conifers and broad leaved species, though rarely, in its upper limits it is found in association with deodar, kail, ban oak, burans (Rhododendron) etc., and in the lower limits with sal, sain, khair, harada, bahera, amla, jamun etc. Besides Chir pine other indigenous pines which are present in Indian subcontinent are P. gerardiana, P. wallichiana, P.kesiya, P.bhutanica, and P.merkusii (Ginwal et.al, 2009), all belong to family Abitaceae or Pinaceae of order coniferals. Classification of Genus Pinus : Kingdom : Plantae Division : Pinophyta Class : Pinopsida Order : Pinales / Coniferals Family : Pinacea/Abitaceae Genus : Pinus The pines have been traced back in the geological history to Jurassic period (150 million years) reaching their climax in the tertiary period (60 million years).