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Sacred Kingship: Cases from Polynesia
Sacred Kingship: Cases from Polynesia Henri J. M. Claessen Leiden University ABSTRACT This article aims at a description and analysis of sacred kingship in Poly- nesia. To this aim two cases – or rather island cultures – are compared. The first one is the island of Tahiti, where several complex polities were found. The most important of which were Papara, Te Porionuu, and Tautira. Their type of rulership was identical, so they will be discussed as one. In these kingdoms a great role was played by the god Oro, whose image and the belonging feather girdles were competed fiercely. The oth- er case is found on the Tonga Islands, far to the west. Here the sacred Tui Tonga ruled, who was allegedly a son of the god Tangaloa and a woman from Tonga. Because of this descent he was highly sacred. In the course of time a new powerful line, the Tui Haa Takalaua developed, and the Tui Tonga lost his political power. In his turn the Takalaua family was over- ruled by the Tui Kanokupolu. The tensions between the three lines led to a fierce civil war, in which the Kanokupolu line was victorious. The king from this line was, however, not sacred, being a Christian. 1. INTRODUCTION Polynesia comprises the islands situated in the Pacific Ocean within the triangle formed by the Hawaiian Islands, Easter Island and New Zealand. The islanders share a common Polynesian culture. This cultural unity was established already in the eighteenth century, by James Cook, who ob- served during his visit of Easter Island in 1774: In Colour, Features, and Languages they [the Easter Islanders] bear such an affinity to the People of the more Western isles that no one will doubt that they have the same Origin (Cook 1969 [1775]: 279, 354–355). -
A Brief Ethnohistory of Rapa Island, French Polynesia, AD 1791–1840
2 ‘Dwelling carelessly, quiet and secure’ A brief ethnohistory of Rapa Island, French Polynesia, AD 1791–1840 Atholl Anderson Department of Archaeology and Natural History, Research School of Pacific and Asian Studies, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia, [email protected] Introduction In 1826, the first European missionary to Rapa, the Rev. John Davies, quoted Judges 18:7 in seeing the Rapans as ‘dwelling carelessly, quiet and secure, and having no business with any man’ (in Stokes n.d.:28; an idiomatic rendering of the passage). It was to some extent, possibly to a great extent, quite illusory. Rapa was certainly isolated by comparison with most of East Polynesia, and it was small, mountainous and relatively cold, but even the first European visitors found that Rapans exhibited evidence of contact with the outside world, and within Rapan traditions, historical observations and ethnographic data which together form the stuff of ethnohistory, the theme of contact and change is illustrated continually. Rapan society was East Polynesian in ancestry and culture. Rapans spoke an East Polynesian language, but its closest affinities were puzzling for a long time. The earliest historical contacts with Rapans showed that they found both Hawaiian and Tahitian largely unintelligible and later characterisation of Rapan by European scholars was confused because of the early introduction of Tahitian by missionaries and, after 1863, of other Polynesian languages by Tongans, Tokelauans and Cook Islanders, whose descendants came eventually to represent nearly half of the population (Stokes 1955). Samuel Stutchbury had observed, presciently, in 1826 (in Richards 2004:5) that the Rapan language was ‘something resembling the Marquesan’, but Horatio Hale (1968:141), about 1840, ‘obtained at Tahiti, from a native of Rapa, a brief vocabulary of the language spoken there, which turns out to be, with a few verbal exceptions, pure Rarotongan, and this in its minute peculiarities’, while the missionaries William Ellis (1838) and M. -
Mapping the Information Environment in the Pacific Island Countries: Disruptors, Deficits, and Decisions
December 2019 Mapping the Information Environment in the Pacific Island Countries: Disruptors, Deficits, and Decisions Lauren Dickey, Erica Downs, Andrew Taffer, and Heidi Holz with Drew Thompson, S. Bilal Hyder, Ryan Loomis, and Anthony Miller Maps and graphics created by Sue N. Mercer, Sharay Bennett, and Michele Deisbeck Approved for Public Release: distribution unlimited. IRM-2019-U-019755-Final Abstract This report provides a general map of the information environment of the Pacific Island Countries (PICs). The focus of the report is on the information environment—that is, the aggregate of individuals, organizations, and systems that shape public opinion through the dissemination of news and information—in the PICs. In this report, we provide a current understanding of how these countries and their respective populaces consume information. We map the general characteristics of the information environment in the region, highlighting trends that make the dissemination and consumption of information in the PICs particularly dynamic. We identify three factors that contribute to the dynamism of the regional information environment: disruptors, deficits, and domestic decisions. Collectively, these factors also create new opportunities for foreign actors to influence or shape the domestic information space in the PICs. This report concludes with recommendations for traditional partners and the PICs to support the positive evolution of the information environment. This document contains the best opinion of CNA at the time of issue. It does not necessarily represent the opinion of the sponsor or client. Distribution Approved for public release: distribution unlimited. 12/10/2019 Cooperative Agreement/Grant Award Number: SGECPD18CA0027. This project has been supported by funding from the U.S. -
Rangi Above/Papa Below, Tangaroa Ascendant, Water All Around Us: Austronesian Creation Myths
UNLV Retrospective Theses & Dissertations 1-1-2005 Rangi above/Papa below, Tangaroa ascendant, water all around us: Austronesian creation myths Amy M Green University of Nevada, Las Vegas Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalscholarship.unlv.edu/rtds Repository Citation Green, Amy M, "Rangi above/Papa below, Tangaroa ascendant, water all around us: Austronesian creation myths" (2005). UNLV Retrospective Theses & Dissertations. 1938. http://dx.doi.org/10.25669/b2px-g53a This Thesis is protected by copyright and/or related rights. It has been brought to you by Digital Scholarship@UNLV with permission from the rights-holder(s). You are free to use this Thesis in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s) directly, unless additional rights are indicated by a Creative Commons license in the record and/ or on the work itself. This Thesis has been accepted for inclusion in UNLV Retrospective Theses & Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Digital Scholarship@UNLV. For more information, please contact [email protected]. RANGI ABOVE/ PAPA BELOW, TANGAROA ASCENDANT, WATER ALL AROUND US: AUSTRONESIAN CREATION MYTHS By Amy M. Green Bachelor of Arts University of Nevada, Las Vegas 2004 A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Master of Arts Degree in English Department of English College of Liberal Arts Graduate College University of Nevada, Las Vegas May 2006 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. UMI Number: 1436751 Copyright 2006 by Green, Amy M. -
Catalog 2011-12
C A T A L O G 1 2011 2012 Professional/Technical Careers University Transfer Adult Education 2 PIERCE COLLEGE CATALOG 2011-12 PIERCE COLLEGE DISTRICT 11 BOARD OF TRUSTEES DONALD G. MEYER ANGIE ROARTy MARC GASPARD JAQUELINE ROSENBLATT AMADEO TIAM Board Chair Vice Chair PIERCE COLLEGE EXECUTIVE TEAM MICHELE L. JOHNSON, Ph.D. Chancellor DENISE R. YOCHUM PATRICK E. SCHMITT, Ph. D. BILL MCMEEKIN President, Pierce College Fort Steilacoom President, Pierce College Puyallup Interim Vice President for Learning and Student Success SUZY AMES Executive Vice President Vice President for Advancement of Extended Learning Programs Executive Director of the Pierce College Foundation JO ANN W. BARIA, Ph. D. Dean of Workforce Education JAN BUCHOLZ Vice President, Human Resources DEBRA GILCHRIST, Ph.D. Dean of Libraries and Institutional Effectiveness CAROL GREEN, Ed.D. Vice President for Learning and Student Success, Fort Steilacoom MICHAEL F. STOCKE Dean of Institutional Technology JOANN WISZMANN Vice President, Administrative Services The Pierce College District does not discriminate on the basis of race, color, national origin, sex, sexual orientation, disability, or age in its programs and activities. Upon request, this publication will be made available in alternate formats. TABLE OF CONTENTS 3 Table of Contents Landscapes of Possibilities Dental Hygiene ......................................................52 Sociology ..................................................................77 Chancellor’s Message ..............................................5 -
Oceanic Encounters
Chapter 4 A Reconsideration of the Role of Polynesian Women in Early Encounters with Europeans: Supplement to Marshall Sahlins’ Voyage around the Islands of History Serge Tcherkézoff Europeans have been losing their way in the Pacific from the beginning when early explorers made up for navigational errors by claiming inhabited islands as new discoveries. Never mind that the islanders had simultaneously discovered the explorers, no doubt with a fair bit of despair and surprise, but since it took years for islanders to learn the tiny scratches that the visitors called writing, the European claims had a head start in the history books. (Aiavao 1994) Je n'ai jamais pu concevoir comment et de quel droit une nation policée pouvait s'emparer d'une terre habitée sans consentement de ses habitants. (Marchand 1961, 253) Ethnohistorical work on first and subsequent early encounters between Polynesians and Europeans remained focused on particular archipelagoes, which has meant that comparative hypotheses spanning the entire Polynesian region have not emerged. Moreover, it has been conducted mainly in eastern Polynesia (including Aotearoa), thus leaving aside the western part of the region.1 In this chapter I examine early encounters in Samoa, from western Polynesia, and also reconsider the Tahitian case, from eastern Polynesia, thus building a comparison of the nature of these early encounters across the region. The focus of the chapter is the apparent sexual offers that women made to the newcomers. If we go back to a number of journals written during the early voyages which have still not been studied in as much detail as they deserve, namely La Pérouse's journal and, for Bougainville's expedition, those of Nassau and Fesche,2 we can see that a crucial aspect of these apparent sexual offers ± 113 Oceanic Encounters the ªgirls' very youngº age and their ªweepingº ± has been overlooked. -
Supplément Spécial N° 10 / Juillet 2014
/10 Supplément spécial n° 10 / Juillet 2014 La qualité, ou plutôt l’ineptie de la plupart des films français qui se sont succédé depuis le début de l’année serait-elle proportionnelle à la débâcle critique qui ne cesse de prendre de l’ampleur ? Constat un tantinet exagéré mais une certaine tendance au nivellement par le très très bas s’opère pourtant. Ce n’est pas nouveau que la parole critique concernant le cinéma soit si peu affutée sur le service public, notre consœur L’ouvreuse s’était essayée en 2009 à une immersion intensive d’une semaine dans l’enfer du PAF côté émissions de ciné. Depuis, pas grand chose n’a changé, certaines émissions ont disparu mais globalement une véritable réflexion critique se fait toujours aussi rare. Bien sûr, le net propose une alternative réjouissante car parmi les nombreux sites et blogs se contentant de régurgiter ce que les attachés de presse leur adressent, sont apparus des espaces d’expression tenus par des passionnés livrant leurs réflexions avec une certaine verve et acuité, mais généralement ces sites ne sont pas les mieux référencés ou les plus visités. La quasi absence de développement critique accessible au plus grand nombre est en soi l’illustration de l’échec du service public à formaliser des interstices où pourraient s’épanouir débat et/ou questionnements sur des œuvres présentes ou passées. Si possible quelque chose de plus consistant que la navrante émission « Le Cercle » présentée par Beigbeider où Philippe Rouyer a bien du mal à élever le niveau à lui tout seul.. -
Resituating the History of Urban Relocation and Public Education by Kimberly R
ISSC WORKING PAPER SERIES 2008-2009.41 The Urban “Half”: Resituating the History of Urban Relocation and Public Education by Kimberly R. Murphy Department of Ethnic Studies University of California, Berkeley January 22, 2009 Kimberly R. Murphy Department of Ethnic Studies University of California, Berkeley [email protected] Through a “three pronged” termination policy, including the termination of tribal sovereignty, cultures and lands, the U.S. federal government sought to finally end the trust relationship it held with Native Americans. While both the termination of Native Nations and Public Law 280 assaulted the sovereignty of Native Nations, it was the relocation program that would finally force Native individuals to be active participants in the capitalist system. By the time the relocation program was brought to Oakland, California, in 1956, the city was undergoing drastic demographic and population shifts, which would have a major impact on the opportunities available to the relocation program participants. Like the reservations, the flatland neighborhoods of Oakland were both economically and politically controlled from the outside, rendering them a virtual colony of the larger city. Thus, rather than advance their economic or political status, as the actions of the Relocation Office would suggest, this new colonial system, operating within the internal colony of the “Black ghetto,” would perpetuate the low economic position of Native peoples. Tracing the history of American relocation into Oakland, this paper examines and exposes the central role of vocational training in the Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA) educational system, which not only enabled the largest relocation of Native peoples into urban areas, but forced Native students into urban school systems that simultaneously maintained and transformed colonial narratives, policies and rhetoric of the earlier BIA educational models while also inadvertently creating spaces that facilitated the most organized forms of intertribal resistance and activism. -
A Content Analysis of Liberals' and Conservatives' Respective
Georgia State University ScholarWorks @ Georgia State University Sociology Theses Department of Sociology 1-6-2017 Red Show, Blue Show: A Content Analysis of Liberals’ and Conservatives’ Respective Television Favorites Nicholas Rogers Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.gsu.edu/sociology_theses Recommended Citation Rogers, Nicholas, "Red Show, Blue Show: A Content Analysis of Liberals’ and Conservatives’ Respective Television Favorites." Thesis, Georgia State University, 2017. https://scholarworks.gsu.edu/sociology_theses/63 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Department of Sociology at ScholarWorks @ Georgia State University. It has been accepted for inclusion in Sociology Theses by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks @ Georgia State University. For more information, please contact [email protected]. RED SHOW, BLUE SHOW: A CONTENT ANALYSIS OF LIBERALS’ AND CONSERVATIVES’ RESPECTIVE TELEVISION FAVORITES by NICK ROGERS Under the Direction of Ben L. Kail, PhD ABSTRACT Ideological partisans in the United States are increasingly “sorting” themselves along cultural lines, from the cable news stations they watch to the chain restaurants they prefer. How do partisans seem to “know” how to sort themselves along ideological lines in cultural realms that offer no obvious political cues? To investigate this question, I look to the realm of narrative television, where conservatives and liberals have certain unique favorite programs despite the programs lacking any overt political content. I employ a quantitative content analysis to demonstrate that the substance of these polarizing shows relate to the social traits of curiosity, conformity, relativism, dogmatism, tribalism, vigilance, and chastity, which have previously been demonstrated to correspond to political ideology. -
Born to Sing: Fiji's "Singing Culture" and Implications for Music Education in Canada
BORN TO SING: FIJI'S "SINGING CULTURE" AND IMPLICATIONS FOR MUSIC EDUCATION IN CANADA JOAN RUSSELL McGiI/ University ABSTRACT. The first part of trus paper describes the singing practices of selected Fijiancommunities, and identifies sorne of the social conditions that support widespread and skillful singing. Next, in order to interpret Fijian musical practices, it proposes a cultural grammar - a set of guidelines or rules that define what individuals within a society, community, or group have to know, produce, predict, interpret or evaluate within a given setting or social group in order to participate appropriately (Heath, 1982; Heath, 1983). In the second part of the paper the proposed cultural grammar is used to generate suggestions for developing a singing culture in a Canadian school. Nt POUR CHANTER: LA "CULTURE DU CHANT" À flDJI ET LES IMPLICATIONS POUR L'ENSEIGNEMENT DE LA MUSIQUE AU CANADA RÉSUMÉ. La première partie de ce rapport décrit la pratique du chant de certaines communautés fidjiennes tout en mettant en évidence quelques unes des conditions sociales contribuant à répandre l'art du chant. Pour interpréter les pratiques musicales fidjiennes, l'auteur propose une grammaire culturelle, à savoir un ensemble de directives ou de règles définissant ce que les sujets d'une société, d'une collectivité ou d'un groupe doivent connaître, produire, prévoir, interpréter ou évaluer dans un milieu ou un groupe social donné pour y participer pleinement. (Heath, 1982; Heath, 1983). Dans la deuxième partie de ce rapport, la grammaire culturelle proposée sert à émettre des conseils en vue de l'élaboration d'une culture du chant dans une école canadienne. -
Tony Crook, Peter Rudiak-Gould (Eds.) Pacific Climate Cultures: Living Climate Change in Oceania
Tony Crook, Peter Rudiak-Gould (Eds.) Pacific Climate Cultures: Living Climate Change in Oceania Tony Crook, Peter Rudiak-Gould (Eds.) Pacific Climate Cultures Living Climate Change in Oceania Managing Editor: Izabella Penier Associate Editor: Adam Zmarzlinski ISBN 978-3-11-059140-8 e-ISBN 978-3-11-059141-5 This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 License. For details go to http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/. © 2018 Tony Crook & Peter Rudiak-Gould Published by De Gruyter Ltd, Warsaw/Berlin Part of Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston The book is published with open access at www.degruyter.com. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data A CIP catalog record for this book has been applied for at the Library of Congress. Managing Editor: Izabella Penier Associate Editor: Adam Zmarzlinski www.degruyter.com Cover illustration: mgrafx / GettyImages Contents His Highness Tui Atua Tupua Tamasese Ta’isi Efi Prelude: Climate Change and the Perspective of the Fish IX Tony Crook, Peter Rudiak-Gould 1 Introduction: Pacific Climate Cultures 1 1.1 Living Climate Change in Oceania 1 1.2 Discourses of Climate Change in the Pacific 9 1.3 Pacific Climate Cultures 16 Elfriede Hermann, Wolfgang Kempf 2 “Prophecy from the Past”: Climate Change Discourse, Song Culture and Emotions in Kiribati 21 2.1 Introduction 21 2.2 Song Culture in Kiribati 24 2.3 Emotions in the Face of Climate Change Discourse in Kiribati 25 2.4 The Song “Koburake!” 26 2.5 Anticipation and Emotions 29 2.6 Conclusion -
Intersections: a History of Chamorro Nurse-Midwives in Guam and a 'Placental Politics' for Indigenous Feminism
Intersections: A History of Chamorro Nurse-Midwives in Guam and a 'Placental Politics' for Indigenous Feminism Intersections: Gender and Sexuality in Asia and the Pacific Issue 37, March 2015 A History of Chamorro Nurse-Midwives in Guam and a 'Placental Politics' for Indigenous Feminism Christine Taitano DeLisle Introduction: Stories of the embodied Chamorro landscapes of Guam's pattera 1. Among the well-known generative narratives of pre-World War II Guam are stories of the island's native nurse-midwives, the pattera.[1] Chamorro Capuchin priest and historian, Eric Forbes, shared one such story in his recounting of a conversation he had with a Chamorro man who spoke of his intense loyalty to the village where he had lived as a child over the village where he lived most of his adult life. When asked why this was the case, the man replied, 'Siempre nai sa' guihe nai ma håfot i toayå-ho!' (Certainly, because that's where they buried my towel!).[2] It was in this context that Pale' (Father) Eric learned of the pattera practice of burying the placenta (in Chamorro, the påres) and of the deep cultural meanings behind this ritual: The man was pointing to the physical and emotional connection he had with the soil of his native village; something intimately connected with his life in the womb was buried there. In his mind, he literally became part of the soil of his village. 2. The meanings and effects inherent in such practice and ritual is as tåhdong (deep) as it is multiple and varied. At one level, as Pale' Eric discerns, we see a profound connection between Chamorros and the land, such that landscapes become palpable and visceral so as to 'speak' to Chamorros in ways that, literally and figuratively, root them in the soil and tie them to the land.