)

WOMEN IN THE ISLANDS

AN ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY OF PACIFIC WOMEN'S ISSUES

1982-89

Anne catherine Wcx:xis

Plan B Paper 8ubmitted to Dr. Karen Peacock, Dr. Terence Wesley-Smith, and Dr. Robert Kiste

July 1990

TABLE OF CONTENTS

User's Guide Introduction : Materials Included Subject Headings Annotations Abbreviations Symbols Associations & Organizations Regional Papua Solomon Islands Tonga Western Bibliographies & Directories Regional Papua New Guinea Biographies Regional Fiji New Caledonia 7 Papua New Guinea Solomon Islands Tonga Western Samoa corrnnunication & Networking Regional Fiji Guam Papua New Guinea Solomon Islands Western Samoa Economic Planning & Development Regional Fiji French Guam Kiribati Papua New Guinea Solomon Islands Tonga 'I\.rvalu Vanuatu Western Samoa

Education & Training Regional American Samoa Federated states of ... Fiji Papua New Guinea Tonga Western Samoa

Feminism & Feminist Scholarship Regional Fiji Guam Papua New Guinea

Future Research Regional Fiji Papua New Guinea Solomon Islands

Gender: Roles & status Regional Federated States of Micronesia Fiji Kiribati Papua New Guinea Solomon Islands Tonga Vanuatu Western Samoa Health & Nutrition Regional American Samoa Federated states of Micronesia Fiji ' Marshall Islands Papua New Guinea Tonga Vanuatu Western Samoa

History Regional Fiji French Polynesia New caledonia Papua New Guinea Tonga Vanuatu

Law & Politics Regional 1-:c, . Cook Islands Fiji Guam New caledonia Papua New Guinea Tonga Vanuatu Western Samoa

Literature & the Arts Regional French Polynesia Kiribati Papua New Guinea Solomon Islands Western Samoa

Religion Regional Papua New Guinea Western Samoa

Author Index

Acknowledgements USER'S GUIDE

INTRODUCTION

This bibliography lists printed material concerning women in the Pacific Islands. My purpose is to update siJmnons and Yee's useful 1982 publication, Women in the South Pacific: a Bibliography. My modified version of their bibliography includes materials from across the Islands, excluding Australia, Hawai'i, and New Zealand. The items included in this bibliography have been published between January 1982 and December 1989.

MATERIALS INCLUDED

Most listings in this bibliography are available at the libraries of the university of Hawai'i at Manoa, the University of the South Pacific in Suva, and the South Pacific Commission's conununity Education Training Centre in Suva. Except for journals, each bibliographic entry is accompanied by a call number. In cases where the material is located at more than one library, the call number applicable is inserted for the university of Hawai'i at Manoa's Hamilton Library. call numbers are preceded by these abbreviations:

UH/HAML = University of Hawai' i at Manoa Hamilton Library UH/HAML Asia = University of Hawai'i at Manoa Hamilton Library Asia Collection UHjHAML Hawn = University of Hawai'i at Manoa Hamilton Library Hawaiian Collection UHjHAML Pace = University of Hawai'i at Manoa Hamilton Library Pacific Collection USP = University of the South Pacific, Suva SPC/FJ = South Pacific Commission's Community Education Training centre, Suva

I include addresses of journal publishers for articles to which I do not have access. Addresses are introduced by the phrase "may be available by writing to"; despite the address I provide, I cannot guarantee your access to the articles since I have not confinued such information with the publishers myself.

Obtainable issues of the following journals were searched for articles profiling or focusing on women: Journal of Pacific History January 1982 - october 1989 Journal of the Polynesian society January 1982 - December 1989 January 1982 - June 1989 Pacific Island Focus September 1988 - August 1989 Pacific Perspective January 1983 - January 1989? Pacific Studies January 1982 - November 1989

Books, dissertations, and other printed matter profiling or focusing on women were selected by consulting: Online OPAC Psychology CD-ROM Index Education CD-ROM Index Arts & Humanities citation Index Social Sciences citation Index bibliographies of materials found

SUBJECT HEADINGS

Associations & Organizations Includes: women's infonnal, fonnal, non-government, government, local, national, and regional organizations. Bibliographies &Directories Includes: research aids for all subjects. Biographies Includes: personal and professional profiles. Communication &Networking Includes: serial publications for women readers and materials about communication systems. Economic Planning & Development Includes: socio-economic development issues, income generation, errployment, fishing, agriculture, division of labor, environmental issues, technology transfer, general business, and regional conference papers on development related issues. Education & Training Includes: vocational, traditional, and Western influenced training and education programs. & Feminist Scholarship Includes: selected works heavily influenced by feminist theory and materials addressing feminism in the Pacific. Future Research Includes: works suggesting areas of needed research. Gender: Roles & status Includes: traditional and contemporary. Health &Nutrition Includes: diet, disease, pregnancy, childcare, mental and other health and nutrition issues. Histo:ry Includes: historical personalities and womens' participation in historical events. law & Politics Includes: political authority and laws affecting women's roles and status in society. Religion Includes: influences on gender-based roles, women missionaries, and women's church group activities. Literature & the Arts Includes: traditional and contemporary. Creative writing is not included. Author Index Includes: alphabetical listing of authors cross referenced with ent:ry numbers.

'This bibliography cross lists works comprising more than one central subject. For example, publications about suicide are found in both Gender: Roles & status and Health & Nutrition. As another example, a biography of a political leader is found in both Biography and law & Politics. However, in cases where the material covers health, education, and multiple other development issues, please refer to both specific subject sections and to Economic Planning & Development. For cross listed works, the full annotation appears once; subsequent listings of the same work include the bibliographic reference only.

Materials using case studies are listed under the count:ry of the case study. Materials using multiple or infrequent specific count:ry examples are listed under Regional.

ANNOTATIONS

I provide annotations for all listed sources to which I had physical access, except non-English language materials. 'The purpose of the annotations is to conununicate the general themes of the work. Note that book reviews are not annotated. Also note that chapters in a book and conference papers in a proceedings report are annotated separately only when individual authors write about different subjects. I alone am responsible for the content of annotations and I extend my sincerest apologies to authors offended by my summaries of their work. ABBREVIATIONS

AOJA Australian Council for OVerseas Aid ADAB Australian Development Assistance Bureau ADB Asian Development Bank AIm Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome AND Australian National University APOC Asia and Pacific Development centre ASPBAE Asian-South Pacific Bureau of Adult Education CASD ?, USP CEI'C conununity Education Training Centre, SPC ClDA canadian International Development Agency CNMI Conunonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands OOC Development Studies centre, AND FSCAP UN Economic and Social Conunission for Asia and the Pacific EWC East-West Center FAO UN Food and Agriculture organization FAWG Fiji Association of Women Graduates mcw Fiji National Council of Women FPSP Foundation for the Peoples of the South Pacific FSM Federated states of Mirconesia GNP Gross National Product IASER Institute of Applied Social and Economic Research lCAE International Council for Adult Education ICC Institute of Culture and Connnunication, EWC IORC International Development Resource center, canada IL Illinois, USA no UN International Labour organization IPS Institute of Pacific studies, USP IRD Institute of Rural Development, USP JPH Journal of Pacific History MA Master of Arts MAFF ? MARC Micronesian Area Research center, UOG MD Maryland, USA MI Michigan, USA MSU Michigan State University NCOO National centre for Development Studies, AND NCW National Council of Women NFNC National Food and Nutrition Conunittee, Fiji NGO Non-government organization NSW New South Wales, Australia NWREL Northwest Regional Educational Laboratory NY New York, USA PA Pennsylvania, USA PhD Doctor of Philosphy PIDP Pacific Islands Development Program, EWC FNG Papua New Guinea RSI Resource Systems Institute, EWC RUSHSAP Regional unit for Social and Human services in Asia and the Pacific, UN SPC South Pacific Commission SSED School of Social and Economic Development, USP STD Sexually Transmitted Disease UC University of califo:rnia, USA UH University of Hawai \ i, USA UMI University Microfilms International UN UNDP UN Development Progrannne UNESCO UN Educational, Scientific, and CUltural Organization UNICEF UN Children's Fund Ucx.; university of Guam UFNG University of Papua New Guinea US USA United states of America USAID US Agency for International Development USP University of the South Pacific WDNA Women and Development Network of Australia WID Women in Development, USAID YWCA Young Women's Christian Association

SYMBOLS

** I have not been able to view the material.

? I am unable to verify the accuracy of the bibliographic infonnation.

The entry is representative of an ongoing series. The year preceding the dash is the year of the earliest issue available at Hamilton Library's Pacific Collection. ASSOCIATIONS & ORGANIZATIONS

REGIONAL

0001 Kikau, Eci 1986 Of Challenge and Choices: Women's Organizations in Rural Development. MA thesis, Reading University? 94pp. USP Pac HQ 1867 .7 .K5 **

0002 Meleisea, Penny Schoeffel 1983 Women's Associations and Rural Development: Western Samoa and East New Britain. Pacific Perspective 11 (2): 56-61.

This is a summary of her lengthier publication, Women's Associations in the Rural Economy of the South Pacific: case Studies From Western Samoa and East New Britain Province, Papua New Guinea. See entry 0021.

0003 Pacific Conference of Churches 1986 Pacific Church Women's Regional Conference, Fatu-O-Aiga-Tafuna, American Samoa, 7 to 11th September 1986: Proceedings. Suva, Fiji: I..otu Pasifika Productions. 149pp. UH/HAML Pacc/BV 4527 . P33 1986

This report of the 4th meeting of ecumenical women, sponsored by the Pacific Conference of Churches, includes a list of participants and an annotated schedule of events. It provides sUl'l'[ll(ITies of Objectives and activities for women's church groups from Fiji, Tonga, Western Samoa, Cook Islands, Solomon Islands, Kiribati, Naunl, Niue, New caledonia, PNG, French Polynesia, American Samoa, FSM (), , and Vanuatu. The report provides additional SUImTla.ries for regional and international Christian organizations. Reports on conference discussions and reconnnendations range from Pacific Conference of Churches staffing and Christian education to political independence and nuclear issues. 0004 Pacific Magazine 1988 Poly Women Meeting in W. Samoa. Pacific Magazine 13 (2): 61.

This news article reports on key points made at the Rural Education for Women seminar held in Apia, Western Samoa. It also provides a synopsis of papers presented by Peggy D.mlop (addressing the issue of rural education for women), 'I\laopepe Felix Wendt (dealing with unequal opportunities for women), and Pamela Pryor (presenting a discussion of income opportunites for women). The Western Samoan NCW believes Pacific government's agricultural policies are rhetoric, the particiPants of the seminar endorse the Pacific Women's Regional Non-Govemmental organization, and the ParticiPants reconnnend a Secretariat for the Western Samoa NCW.

0005 Pryor, Pamela Takiora Ingram 1982 Pacific Island Women in Development: Opportunities Beyond the Kitchen. UH Women's studies Program Conference on Concepts and strategies: Women's studies in Different CUltural Contexts, November 1982, HonolulU, HI, USA. 18pp. UH/HAML PaccjHQ 1865 .6 . P79

See entry 0113.

0006 South Pacific Conunission, Pacific Women's Resource Bureau 1989 Pacific Women's Resource Bureau: an OVerview. In Fourth Regional Conference of Pacific Women (Suva, Fiji, 17-23 September, 1988): Report, edited by SPC, 75-85. Noumea, New caledonia: SPC. UHjHAML PaccjHQ 1865 .6 .R43 1988

The Secretariat documents the history, objectives, staffing, summary of projects and activities specific or relevant to women for the period 1982-88, publications, and financial supporters of the SPC. 0007 1983 Pacific Women's Resource Bureau: Objectives and Activities. Paper presented at the SPC Women's Resource Bureau Inter-Agency Meeting, Women's Program, 28-30 March 1983, Suva, Fiji. SUVa, Fiji: CE'IC. 7pp. UHjHAML Microfiche D00328

This paper provides background history of the SPC's CE'IC. It reviews the five objectives of the Pacific Women's Resource Bureau dictated by the 1981 seminar, staff, financial support, and publications. It provides summaries of activities, funding, and reconunendations for SPeCific projects relevant to the health and education of women. The paper also identifies the aims of the Inter-Agency Meeting.

0008 Tongamoa, Taiamoni 1989? Pacific Women in Regional/International Organizations. Pacific Perspective 14 (1): 27-34.

Compared with other non-Western regions, Tongamoa writes that Pacific women's roles have changed slowly owing to their limited Western contact. Her paper analyzes the participation of women in regional and international organizations based on ethnicity, gender, and job type. Tongamoa concludes that Fijian women are the largest participants in these organizations and they are limited to mostly junior office assistance positions. She critically discusses women's underemployment and the preference for ex-patriate professionals.

0009 Untalan-Munoz, Faye 1987 Pacific Islands Women's Conference on Employment and Labor Market Development, May 7-8, 1987. Honolulu, HI, USA: PIDP, EWC. 25pp. UH/HAML PacclHD 6220 .43 .M85 1987

See entry 0134. 0010 Whitmore, Judith 1982 'The Development of Women's Programnes in the Pacific. Paper presented for the SPC at the Soroptirnist Inten1ational Conference, 1982, New Zealand. 16pp. UH/HAML Microfiche D00466

See entry 0135.

0011 World Young Women's Christian Association? 1984 Your Club Money: Guidelines for a Simple Finance Workshop, a Report from a Ten Day Workshop on Financial Management, 1984. Paper presented at the World YWCA conference, 14-24 February 1984, Honiara, Solamon Islands. ** **

FIJI

0012 Kamikamica, Esiteri 1983 Fiji Women on the Move. Pacific Perspectives 11 (2): 40-44.

Kamikamica describes the NCW's establishment, turbulent history, and roles in coordinating the creation of women's prograros, including those addressing educational and employment prospects for women. Kamikamica also discusses traditional and modern roles of ethnic Fijian and Indo-Fijian women in both the urban and rural sectors. She includes a sunnnary image of an ideal man.

KIRIBATI

0013 Bataua, Batiri T. 1986 Kiribati Boosting Handicraft. Pacific Magazine 11 (3): 34.

Bataua announces the establishment of the Aia Maea Ainen Kiribati by the I -Kiribati Women's Federation with technical and financial assistance from the Commonwealth Secretariat. He reports on plans and funding for handicraft training programs.

0014 Hosie, Bernard P. 1982 First Evaluation: Operational Proqram Grant USAID! 879-0251-G-00-1012-00, Women's Ring of Friendship, Republic of Kiribati: Period, october 14, 1981 ­ July 31, 1982. New York, NY, USA: FPSP. 35 pp. UHjHAML PaccjHN 938 .3 .Z9 C67 1982

Hosie writes a progress and accountability report of a project funded by USAID. Hosie first provides a brief history of I-Kiribati women's clubs and the FPSP's involvement in those and other Pacific women's clubs. He then evaluates this project's training program, the Small Grants Program, related radio broadcasting, the National Women's Resource Center, rural training centers, the maternal and child health program, and staffing for programs. He includes schedules, financial reports, and summaries of workshops on Makin, Butaritari, and Beru Islands.

NEW CALEDONIA

0015 Beccalossi, Marie-claire? 1983 Colloque des Responsables d'Associations et de GroUJ?es de Fennnes Melanesiennes de Novelle caledonie, 2 et 3 Juin 1983, Compte Rendu (Meeting of Directors of Associations and Groups of New caledonian Melanesian Women, 2 and 3 June 1983, Report of Proceedings, in French). NotnTIea, New caledonia: SPC. 17pp. UHjHAML Pacc/HQ 1867 . C64 1983 or Microfiche 000384 ** PAPUA NEW GUINEA

0016 Apan, Margaret 1982 Gavien Women's Development Club: a case study of Rural Women's Participation in Development. In From Rhetoric to Reality?, edited by Peter King, Wendy lee, and vincent Warakai, 156-157. Port Moresby, PNG: UPNG Press. UHjHAML Pacejli 740 .A2 W252 1982

Apan writes a brief personal account of the establishment, growth, leadership, and problems of the Gavien Women's Development Club.

0017 Bonnell, Susan 1982 Equal Participation by Women: the Role of Women's Councils at National and Provincial Level. In From Rhetoric to Reality?, edited by Peter King, Wendy lee, and vincent Warakai, 51-57. Port Moresby, PNG: UPNG Press. UHjHAML Pacejli 740 .A2 W252 1982

Bonnell writes that women's projects have mistakenly stressed women's household roles more than their economically productive and political roles. Bonnell addresses the dilemma of how to integrate women into the national development plan. She suggests that institutionalized provincial and national women's groups could be used to lobby women's issues, provide opportunities for active participation in the development process through representation, leadership, and decision making as well as bnproving women's overall status. Following is a brief study of the NCW's successes and difficulties. Bonnell recommends specific aspects of the NCW be critically reviewed to ensure continuing integration of women into the development process. 0018 Dickerson-Putnam, Jeanette 1984? A study in Development: the Bena Bena Women's Development Corporation. UC San Diego Melanesian Manuscript series no 99, item 1. LaJolla, CA, USA: Melanesian studies Research center, UC San Diego. 11pp. UH/HAML Microfiche 070015 no. 0099 item 1

Based on field work done in 1983, Dickerson-Putnam reports on her ethnographic study documentating the establishment and economic activities of the Bena Bena Women's Development Corporation. She includes infonnation about the aims, projects initiated, financial assistance, organization, and a brief analysis of the Corporation.

0019 Lee, Wendy 1985 Women's Groups in PNG Shedding the legacy of Drop Scones and Embroidered pillowcases. community Development Journal: an International Forum 20 (3): 222-236. **

0020 Rosenberg, cathy LYnn 1988 Wok Meri: continuity and Change in Male-Female Relations in the Eastern Highlands of Papua New Guinea. MA thesis, UC San Diego. UC San Diego Melanesian Manuscript series no 81. LaJolla, CA, USA: Melanesian Studies Resource Center, UC San Diego. 75pp. UH/HAML Microfiche 070015 no. 81

The first half of Rosenberg's work provides background infonnation and a summary analysis of Wok Meri. She discusses traditionally sex-based roles and women's expressions of eco-political power and symbolism in traditional and contemporary Eastern Highlands Province society. The second half of Rosenberg's work deals mainly with the successful convergence of women's traditional and contemporary political organization and economic interests through Wok Meri. 0021 Schoeffel, Penelope 1983 Women's Associations in the Rural Economy of the South Pacific: case studies from Western Samoa and East New Britian Province, Papua New Guinea. Nournea, New caledonia: S:R:. 48pp. UH/HAML Pacc/HQ 1868 .7 .S36 1983

Schoeffel examines the different roles women play in Samoan and Tolai societies. Schoeffel choses these two societies, because she argues that they represent similar exploitative colonial histories, though they have markedly different cultures. Schoeffel emphasizes the important roles that women's associations play in creating rural self-employment. She writes that actual roles played by women in societies and the significance of women's groups must be recognized. Schoeffel uses Samoan and Tolai societies to prove cultural variety in the Pacific, Particularly concerning women. In reviewing the history of the development proposals and projects for these two societies, the author documents some of the complaints made by ParticiPant women. She reconnnends technical training be implemented through women's organizations.

0022 Seddon, Sally Bruce 1983 Economic Activities of Women in the Oksapmin Subdistrict, West Sepik Province. Port Moresby, PNG: Education Research Unit of the UPNG. 34pp.

Seddon discusses various non-subsistence economic activities of women in West Sepik Province, SPeCifically Oksapmin, Divanap, and Daburap. She details women's sewing classes, projects, and clubs as well as income earning opportunities such as baking, net string bag (bilum) production, and other limited fonus of local employment. She also discusses some current community projects. Seddon describes various hardships faced by the women, Particularly that of transportation, and reports on how money earned is usually SPent. Seddon includes photographs, price lists for items prodUced, and lists of women's clubs.

0023 Sexton, IDrraine Dusak 1988 Review of of Money, Daughters of Coffee: the Wok Meri Movement by Paula Brown. American Ethnologist 15 (4): 792-793. 0024 1987 Review of Mothers of Money, Daughters of Coffee: the Wok Meri Movement by Ben R. Finney. American Anthropologist 89 (1): 174-175.

0025 1987 Review of Mothers of Money, Daughters of Coffee: the Wok Meri Movement by Marilyn Strathern. Man 22 (2): 380-381.

0026 1987 Review of Mothers of Money, Daughters of Coffee: the Wok Meri Movement by Andrew strathern. OCeania 58 (1): 77.

0027 1986 Mothers of Money, Daughters of Coffee: the Wok Meri Movement. Ann Arbor, MI, USA: UMI Research Press. 179pp. UHjHAML Pacc/GN 671 .N5 S48 1986

Sexton describes the traditional PNG "savings and exchange system", Wok Meri. She reports that the Wok Meri cooperative creates a means through which women are given opportunity to adopt status and property rights nonnally restricted to men. Sexton explains that the coffee tree is a cultural symbol for women because both bear offspring which become a source of income.

0028 1983 Little Women and Big Men in Business: a Gorokan Development Project and Social Stratification. OCeania 54 (2): 133-150.

Sexton analyzes the Gorokan Women's Investment Corporation (GWIC) in tenus of its economic role and social ramifications in East Highlands Province. She reviews the history of the GWIC and its fostennent of inequality in Gorokan social strata. Sexton covers these topics: changes brought on by European contact, traditional/modern roles of , GWIC ParticiPants' socio-economic backgrounds, financial and socio-political benefits of the GWIC, and the role of government in the GWIC.

0029 1982 CUstOIllal:Y and Corporate Models for Women's Development Organizations. Port Moresby, PNG: PNG IASER. 7Opp. UHjHAML PaccjHN 932 .A4 no. 41

Sexton analyzes two exarrples of connnunity COOPeration among Goroka women in Eastern Highlands Province: the Wok Meri and the Goroka Women's Investment Corporation (GWIC). Her analysis is made in tenns of the traditional Wok Meri and the corporate GWIC's ability to further integrate women's participation in PNG's rural development. For each model of cooperation, Sexton describes the history, structure, activities, statistics, and socio-political/economic impact.

0030 Tololo, Nerrie 1984 Organisations and services for Rural Women in Papua New Guinea. In Women, Aid & Development: Proceedings of a Workshop, edited by Lyn Melville, 112-115. Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia: WDNA with ADAB. UH/HAML Pacc/HQ 1870 .9 .W67 1983

See entry 0208.

0031 War:ry, Wayne 1986 Kafaina: Female-Wealth and Power in Chuave, Papua New Guinea. oceania 57 (1): 4-21.

War:ry analyzes Kafaina, the Wok Meri cooperative movement established in Chuave. In simbu and Eastern Highlands, the Kafaina provides women wealth and political power over traditionally dominant men. War:ry discusses the roles of the Kafaina women, their sources of income, their SUPernatural powers, and the tradition and organization of the Kafaina cooperative movement. War:ry's report is meant to supplement and expand earlier Wok Meri stUdies, including those of wrraine Sexton.

SOLOMON ISLANDS

0032 Betu, Willie 1982 Village Women's Interest Program. In Progress Report of Activities, USAID/ASIA-G-492-1650, Integrated Rural Development Program, Solomon Islands, First Quarter of Third Year, April 1 - June 30, 1982, by Willie Betu, 10-16. New York, NY, USA: FPSP. UH/HAML Pacc/HN 933 .Z9 C63

Betu writes a progress and accountability report of a project funded by USAID. Betu reports the responsibilities of Women's Interest Officers, provides detailed descriptions of program activities, reviews connnon problems, and suggests some success stories. He further discusses registration of new clubs, initiation and funding of small club projects, distribution of sewing machine repair kits, training workshops, and a field staff conference.

0033 1982 Village Women's Interest Program. In Progress Report of Activities, USAID/ASIA-G-492-1650, Integrated Rural Development Program, Solomon Islands, January 1, 1982 Through March 31, 1982, by Willie Betu, 9-17. New York, NY, USA: FPSP. UH/HAML Pacc/HN 933 . Z9 C63

Betu writes a progress and accountability report of a project funded by USAID. He reviews the project aim, including projected growth of the project and local involvement in ongoing programs of the Pienuna, Koriovuku and Obodulu, Suava Sisters, Tusumini, Tono and Hiriro, and North Malaita clubs. Future project aims include establishing and registering new clubs, and conducting training workshops in Malaita, Isabel, and Western Provinces. Betu also presents plans to modify workshops.

0034 1982 Village Women's Interest Program. In Progress Report of Activities, USAID/ASIA G 492-1620, Integrated Rural Development Program, Solomon Islands, October 1, 1981 Through December 31, 1981, by Willie Betu, 3-8. New York, NY, USA: FPSP. UHjHAML Pacc/HN 933 . Z9 C63

Betu writes a progress and accountability report of a project funded by USAID. He first reviews the aim of the project. Betu then reports training workshops held, including their purposes, subjects covered, general particiPant profile, and what he considers the important asPects of the workshops. He summarizes workshops held in East Are Are, Gizo, and MikirajUlawa areas. 0035 Prince, Baden 1982? village WOIDel1'S Interest Program. In Progress Report of Activities, USAID/ASIA G 492-1650, Integrated Rural Development Program, Solomon Islands, January 1, 1981 'Ihrough March 31, 1981, by Baden Prince, 12-19. New York, NY, USA: FPSP. UHjHAML Pacc/HN 933 .Z9 C63

Prince writes a progress and accountability report of a project funded by USAID. Prince reviews the aim of the project and reports on the activities completed by the first quarter phase. He SUllU11arizes each of the twenty-seven training workshops follows, giving the location, number of participants, and items for which USAID/FPSP funded the purchase. Prince notes the purpose of distributing sewing machines, gives a sunuuary of USAID/FPSP assisted WOIDel1' s clubs producing gannents for sale, and reports on the establishment of small market vegetable gardens.

TONGA

0036 Fleming, Sue and Monalisa Tukuafu 1986 Women's Work and Development in Tonga. Annidale, NSW, Australia: South Pacific smallholder Project, University of New England. 92pp. UH/HAML PacclHD 2195 .6 .Z9 036 no. 10

See entry 0219.

0037 Halatuituia, lasalle, Sela latu and Mele Moiromoi 1983 WOIDel1'S Co-operatives in Tonga. Pacific Perspective 2 (2): 13-17.

The authors record WOIDel1' s group projects and determine the socio-economic impact of those projects based on information from Tongatapu, Ha'apai, and Vava'u. A chart clearly reports on women's group sizes, headquarter locations, purposes, membership requirements, leadership control, activities and projects, financial support, and their most pressing problems. The authors make SPeCific conclusions and recommendations which directly reflect their stance that women's groups do have a positive impact on national development. 0038 Small, cathy A. 1987 Women's Associations and '!heir Pursuit of Wealth in Tonga: a study of Social Change. FhD dissertation, Temple university. Ann Arbor, MI, USA: UMI Research Press. 493pp. UHfHAML Pacc/HQ 1868 .S63 1987a

Small discusses Tongan cooperatives in tenns of being successful self-help programs. She reports the o:rganization and activities of the women's cooperatives and suggests reasons for establishing such groups. Small concludes that the socia­ historical process detennines the direction of cooperatives more than do either development agencies or "unplanned indigenous institutions".

WESTERN SAMOA

0039 Schoeffel, Penelope 1983 Women's Associations in the Rural Economv of the South Pacific: case Studies from Western Samoa and East New Britian Province, Papua New Guinea. NOLunea, New caledonia: SPC. 48pp. UH/HAML Pacc/HQ 1868 .7 .S36 1983 or Microfiche 000419

See entry 0021. BIBLIOGRAPHIES & DIRECTORIES

REGIONAL

0040 Pacific Infonnation centre, University of the South Pacific 1984 Lisitala: a Bibliography of Pacific writers. Suva, Fiji: Pacific Infonnation Centre in association with the 4th corrnnittee. 344pp. UHjHAML Pacc/OO 17 . L57 1984

'Ihis bibliography of Pacific creative and scholarly literature lists works authored by men and women. 'Ihis work provides biographical sketches of authors from across the Islands and briefly describes their work. lacking is infonnation about Micronesian and American . 'Ihe brief introduction sl.1l1Ut1a.rizes Pacific literature since 1960 and suggests generalizations about problems unique to Pacific literature and writers.

0041 Pacific Regional Women's Non-Goverrunental Organization 1986 Directory of Pacific Islands Women's Non-Goverrnnental Organizations. Honolulu, HI, USA: Pacific Regional Women's Non-Goverrnnental organization. 45pp. UH/HAML Pacc/HQ 1865.6 .D57 1986

'Ihis directory lists non-goverrnnent women's organizations from across the Pacific Islands, except for Tokelau, Tuvalu, and Wallis and Futuna. For each organization listed, the directory provides the address, telephone number, contact person, officers, year established, number of members, scheduled meetings, major activities, and purposes. It also includes contact names and addresses of major regional and international agencies with interests in women's issues. Note that although some infonnation is outdated, this remains a useful register. 0042 Ritterbush, S. Deacon 1987 Annotated Bibliography of Women's studies in the Pacific. Department of Political Science, UH Manoa. 60pp. UH/HAML Pacc/HQ 1865.6.R58

Ritterbush's bibliography includes items from all the Islands. She divides her bibliography into author, subject, and countl:y sections. Ritterbush lists full bibliographic entries for literature not annotated in this work. Her nine annotated subject categories include business/economic roles, enthnographies/cultural studies, feminism and the women's movement, labor force, land rights, law, power/politics/rural development and status/role of women. Ritterbush's bibliography mostly covers materials dating from the 1970s through the 1980s.

0043 simmons, Donita Vasiti and Sin Joan Yee 1982 Women in the South Pacific: a Bibliography. Selected Bibliography no 10. Suva, Fiji: USP Library. 124pp. UH/HAML PaccjHQ 1865 .6 .W66

Simmons and Yee compile a bibliography for researchers interested in indigenous women of the Pacific Islands, exclUding Micronesia, as of January 1982. They include article titles from Cook Islands News, The Fiji Times, and Papua New Guinea Post Courier. The cornpliation mostly represents materials available at the USP Library in Suva, Fiji, but does include some literature not in that collection. The fourteen sections are role and status, sociOlogy, anthropology, economics and employment, law, politics and social issues, medicine and health, religion, education and training, literature and the arts, sports, biography and profiles, appropriate technology, conununications, and women's associations. They also include indexes for bibliographies, handbooks, etc, list of periodicals of Pacific interest about women, list of periodicals cited, and an author index. 0044 Slatter, Claire 1984 A Preliminary and Partial List of Orqanizations, Projects, Conferences and Contacts. Women's Roles in South Pacific Agriculture, Transnational Knowledge utilization Project. Honolulu, HI, USA: ICC, EWC. 17pp. UHjHAML PaccjHD 6073 .A292 0237 1984

Slatter writes that her compilation of materials about women's roles in agriculture and rural development is a "starting place" for researchers. Although she.makes "no claim of completeness, exactness or current status", Slatter nonetheless puts together a useful list of agencies, research projects, conferences and specific names of persons to contact concerning women in agriculture and rural development, particularly in Fiji, PNG, Tonga and Western Samoa.

0045 Slatter, Claire and Kathleen Moran 1984 A Bibliography. Women's Roles in South Pacific Agriculture, Transnational Utilization Project. Honolulu, HI, USA: ICC, EWC. 36pp. UH/HAML PaccjHD 6073 .A292 023 1984

Slatter and Moran compile this bibliography in recognition that women play a vital role in South Pacific agriculture. The authors emphasize the location rather than the existence of the literature. Hence, it is sectioned by country and subsectioned by libraries within each country. Slatter and Moran compile this bibliography from collections at the USP libraries in Fiji and Western Samoa, the Fiji School of Agriculture, the Fiji Ministry of Agriculture and Central Planning Office, lID, UNFPA, UNICEF, UPNG, UH/HAML, UH Women's Studies Program, ICC/EWC, and RBI/EWC.

0046 South Pacific Commission 1989 Resource for Pacific Women. Noumea, New caledonia: SPC. 386pp. UHjHAML Pacc/HQ 1391 .03 R47 1988

The SPC presents a guide for persons either researching women or leading a women's organization. The book is divided into three parts. Part one provides names and addresses of goverrnnent "women's issues" desk officers for twenty-one Pacific nations and territories. It includes a record of women's projects in progress. Part one also lists names and addresses of women's fonnal and infonnal organizations oPerating in each of the listed countries. Part two of this resource manual reads like a "who's who". Short biographies sketch selected "skilled" women. Part three lists possible sources for funding and technical assistance for women's groups and suggests ways to approach appropriate donor agencies.

0047 Sullivan, Karen Collamore et al 1983 Journals and Newsletters on Non-Fonnal Education and Development: a Selected Annotated Bibliography. Annotated Bibliography no. 12. East lansing, MI, USA: Non-Fonnal Education Infonnation Center, MSU. 95pp. ** **

PAPUA NEW GUINEA

0048 Israel, Ronald, ed 1984 Maternal and Infant Nutrition Reviews: Papua New Guinea; a Guide to the Literature. Newton, MA, USA: Education Development Center, International Nutrition conununication service. 101pp. UH/HAML PaccjRJ 216 .M378 1984

Israel edits an annotated bibliography of health literature published from 1976 through 1983. For each PNG province, the contributing authors provide concise descriptions of custom and habits of diets during pregnancy and lactation as well as describing breastmilk alternatives, weaning habits, and other feeding practices for 0-2 year olds. Israel includes a summary of data, mainly from the late 1970s, on pregnant and lactating women and 0-2 year olds' health conditions. He also reviews PNG public health policies and programs. Israel writes that a fundamental problem is that few realize there is a health problem in PNG. 0049 Johnson, Dianne D. 1982 Bibliography on Women in PNG. Research in 6 (1-2): 33-54.

Johnson's bibliography includes naterials fCXXlSing on women from the early 1920s through 1982. Most of the articles and books, including the unpublished works, can be found in the collections of either the PNG National Library or the UPNG Library. She alphabetically lists just less than three hundred entries. BIOGRAPHIES

REGIONAL

0050 Douglas, Ngaire 1986 Pacific Isle Women Push Ahead. Pacific Magazine 11 (3): 42.

Douglas provides biographical sketches of three women who participated in the Australian-Pacific Women's Peace Conference, which he also reports on. Tongan delegate Papiloa Foliaki, a businesswoman and politican, established the Fineupepe Women's Cultural Training Centre. Rachel Salabogi and Seniloli Sovea were active in ensuring women's interests were included in Fiji's National Development Plan. Salabogi is also a businesswoman, lobbiest, and a fashion designer who uses traditional ornamentations.

0051 Johnson, Giff 1983 Hilda Lini, Pacific Women's Resource Bureau. Pacific Magazine 8 (3): 55-59, 64-65.

Johnson transcribes his interview with Hilda Lini, the SPC Women's Program Officer, in November 1982. Lini recounts the history of the Pacific Women's Resource Bureau established 1981. Lini explains the Bureau's "priority areas", including health, education, socio-economic, and environmental issues and she discusses current key issues, such as infant fonnula, nuclear testing, and equal employment opportunities. While stating that most women across nations have similiar problems, Lini articulates concerns affecting Palauan women differently than other Pacific women, and remarks that women in each country must realize their own needs. Lini also discusses the relationship between women, goverrnnent, and men. She stresses that women's programs deal with basic needs on the community level. In addition, Lini remarks that missionaries have influenced the role of women in the Vanuatu independence movement. 0052 Pryor, Pamela Takiora Ingram 1982 Pacific Island Women in Development: opportunities Beyond the Kitchen. UH Women I s studies Program Conference on Concepts and Strategies: Women I s studies in Different CUltural Contexts, November 1982, Honolulu, HI, USA. 18pp. UHjHAML Pacc/HQ 1865 .6 . P79 1982

See entJ:y 0113.

0053 Ritterbush, S. Deacon and Janice Pearson 1988 Pacific Women in Business: Constraints and Opportunities. In Island Entrepreneurs: Problems and Perfonnances in the Pacific, edited by Te'o Fairbairn, 195-207. Honolulu, HI, USA: PIDP, EWC. UH/HAML PaccjHD 2346 .03 177 1988

See entJ:y 0116.

0054 Simon-McWilliams, Ethel and Karen Reed Green, eds 1987 Glimpses into Pacific Lives: Some Outstanding Women. 2nd ed. Portland, OR, USA: NWREL. 184pp. UHjHAML Pacc/CT 2901 .S53 1987

'!he first edition of this work was published in March 1986**. Many contributors undertook assignments to compile infonnation on women in American Samoa, , Federated states of Micronesia (all states), Guam, Hawai \ i, Marshall Islands, and the Northern Mariana Islands. '!he editors include biographical sketches of historical figures as well as those living today.

0055 Tarnai, Noriko 1984 Hinornaru 0 Koshi Ni Maite: Tekka Shofu, Takanashi Taka Ichidaiki (Wrapping the Hips with the Flag of Japan. A Hardened Prostitute: Taka Takanashi. A Biography, in Japanese). Tokyo, Japan: Gendaishi Shuppankai, Hatsubai Tokurna Shoten. 197pp. UH/HAML East/HQ 247.A5 T277 1984

** 0056 Shah, Nasra M., the US Bureau of Census and the United States Agency for International Development, Office of Women in Development 1985 Women of the World: Asia and the Pacific. Washington, DC, USA: US Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census. 141pp. UHjHAML GOVD/C3 .2 W 84/8

Shah presents statistical charts and summaries of population, literacy and education, economic activities, marital status, and fertility and mortality for women in the Pacific Islands. Note that not all countries are represented in each subject heading; however, only Tokelau is entirely excluded. '!he statistics are sporatic and, though most data is from the mid 1970s, the range is from 1956-82.

AMERICAN SAMOA

0057 Achika, Faau'uga Illtu 1989 Address by Ms Faau'uga Illtu Achika on the '!heme \Women in Education'. In Fourth Regional Conference of Pacific Women (SUVa, Fiji, 17-23 September, 1988): Report, edited by SPC, 191-194. Noumea, New caledonia: SPC. UH/HAML Pacc/HQ 1865 .6 .R43 1988

See entry 0252.

FIJI

0058 Narayan, Irene Jai 1985 Women and Politics. In Graduate Women as catalysts for Change and Development: Fiji Association of Women Graduates, First Biennial Conference, Friday, 30 - Saturday, 31 August 1985, Grand Pacific Hotel, SUVa, edited by FAWG, 47-53, Suva, Fiji: FAWG. ** See entry 0431. 0059 Pryor, Takiora Ingram 1987 Mary Samisoni lakes Profits in Fiji. Pacific Magazine 12(1): 45.

Pryor profiles Mary Samisoni, the 1970 founder of the Hot Bread Kitchen. samisoni was originally trained as a nurse and is currently working to incorporate local products in her bread varieties. Pryor gives a short history of the company, including samisoni's expansion as far as the !au Group and Hawai'i. Pryor reports that Samisoni's Fiji based company is the first multinational company controlled by an Islander. Pryor incudes statistics on employment and sales volume in his article.

GUAM

0060 Souder.:Jaffery, laura Marie Torres 1988 Review of Daughters of the Island: Contemporary Chamorro Women Organizers of Guam by K.E. James. Journal of the Polynesian Society 97 (4): 477-479.

0061 1987 Daughters of the Island: Contemporary Chamorro Women Organizers of Guam. Mangiloa, Guam: MARC, DOG. 259pp. UH/HAML Pacc/HQ 1866 .S68 1987

This is a revised publication of her PhD disseration on the same topic. See entry 0062.

0062 1985 New Perspectives on the Chamorro Female Experience: case Studies of Nine Contemporary Chamorro Women Organizers. PhD dissertation, UH Manoa. 407pp. UH/HAML Hawn/AC 1 .H3 no. 1899

Souder.:Jaffery examines the socio-historical factors which influence the changing roles and status of Chamorro women. She gives a statistical profile and analysis of the life histories of 82 women and, more SPeCifically, presents and analyzes case studies of nine 'community activist' women. The case studies of Cecilia Bamba, Clotilde Gould, pilar lujan, cannen Pearson, Annie Roberto, Isabel (Elizabeth) Arriola, Tina BIas, Geri Gutierrez, and Delgadina Hiton "further illuminate the conflicts and coping strategies of Chamorro women in transition". Souder-Jaffery writes seParate chapters addressing Chamorro concepts of feminism and reconunending areas of future research. Souder-Jaffery is heavily influenced by feminist scholarship.

NEW CALEDONIA

0063 Steele, Jolm and Mel Mason 1985 Kanak Women in Independence Struggle: Interview with FINKS Activist SUsanna OUnei. Intercontinental Press 23 (4). **

PAPUA NEW GUINEA

0064 Bogner, P. 1986 Review of Born of the Stone-Age, the StorY of a Papuan by C. Schulzwolfgrannn. zeitschrift Fur Ethnologie 111 (2): 307-308. **

0065 Denoon, Donald 1989 Medical Care and Gender in Papua New Guinea. In Family and Gender in the Pacific: Domestic Contradictions and the Colonial Impact, edited by Margaret Jolly and Martha MacIntYre, 95-107. cambridge, England: cambridge University Press. UHjHAML Pacc/GN 663 .F36 1989

See entry 0375. 0066 Young, Michael W. 1983 OUr Name is Women: We are Bought with LiJnesticks and Limepots: an Analysis of the Autobiographical Narrative of a Kalauna. Woman. Man 18 (3): 478-501.

Young writes an anthropological discussion and analysis of his infonnant's expression of her self-PerCeption. He writes that his female infonnant "is obliged to adopt men's perspective" to describe her roles and status. Young suggests that her status in her various kin roles do change in association with her change in domicile. He includes the life history narrative of Kwahihi, his female infonnant in her 50s who has lived virtually all her life in Kalauna. Young recorded the account in 1977.

SOLOMON ISLANDS

0067 Keesing, Roger M. 1985 Kwaio Women Speak: the Micropolitics of Autobiography in a Solomon Island Society. American Anthropologist 87 (1): 27-39.

Keesing writes a discourse on anthropology and it's methods of interpreting women's self-perceptions. Having recorded fifteen "self-accounts" from Kwaio women, Keesing concludes that "muteness" of women does not necessarily reflect their status nor roles in society. He further remarks that women's responses are dependent on "historical circumstances" and "micropolitical" situations, thus interpretations should be made in those contexts. Keesing states that the difficulty of securing such accounts is not indictative of women's ability to provide such accounts. 0068 Pryor, Takiora Ingram 1987 Solomon's Bold Poet Jully Makini. Pacific Magazine 12 (5): 55.

Pryor writes a biographical sketch of Jully Makini, a Solomon Islander poet who writes about the inequalities facing women and their roles and status in traditional family life and public seJ:Vice. Samples of her poetry are included. At the time of the article's writing, Makini was a Fulbright Scholar at UH Manoa.

TONGA

0069 Ellem, Elizabeth Wood 1987 Queen Salote 'Iilpou of Tonga as 'Iil'i Fefine. '!he Journal of Pacific History 22 (4): 209-227.

Ellem writes a biographical history of Salote, a woman of relatively low blood rank who became a Tongan ruler because of her leadership ability, supporters, and "femaleness". Ellem explains the important social relationship which traditionally existed between brothers and sisters. Ellem also discusses how monogamous marriages changed the traditional system of choosing a partner for the purpose of political alliance.

0070 Herda, Phyllis 1987 Gender, Rank and Power in 18th Century Tonga. '!he Journal of Pacific History 22 (4): 195-208.

Herda reports on traditional Tongan views of gender, rank, and political authority. She uses the 12th 'Iil'i Kanokupolu, 'Iilpoumoheofo, to illustrate and suggest explanations for the "misunderstanding" Western scholars have of women's traditional political roles. Herda provides the genealogy, an account of how she got the titled position, and the authority of 'Iilpoumoheofo. Herda explains the ranking systems of kainga (kinspeople), heirs to mana and the associated taboos, and the power of the hau (secular ruler). She also discusses the influences which changed the Tongan political system and related ceremonies. WESTERN SAMOA

0071 Pryor, Takiora Ingram 1987 W Samoa's Fiame Naomi Mata'afa. Pacific Magazine 12 (2): 41.

Pryor provides a brief biographical sketch of Fiame Naomi Mata'afa, a woman whose career has been influenced both by her father, the first Prime Minister of Western Samoa, and by her , the first woman in Western Samoan Parlirnent. At the time of the article's writing, Mata'afa was a Member of Parliament, President of the YWCA, and Secretary of the NCW. Mata'afa surrunarizes the functions of these organizations as well as her opinion about using her status to help other women.

0072 Schoeffel, Penelope 1987 Rank, Gender and Politics in Ancient Samoa: the Genealogy of Salaroasina 0 I.e Tafaifa. The Journal of Pacific History 22 (4): 174-193.

Schoeffel reports that in some Polynesian societies, gender did not play a primary role in determining rank. She suggests that a better understanding of the ancient Samoan political ranking system can be had by stUdying the genealogy of Salaroasina, a 16th century female Samoan chief. Schoeffel writes that changed Samoan ideas of rank and gender. She concludes that where gender actualI y was of importance in traditional Samoa, historians have "ignored or misinter.preted" that importance.

0073 United Nations Educational, Scientific, and CUltural Organization, Principal Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific 1987 Women Social Scientists, Asia-Pacific. RUSHSAP Directory 2. Bangkok, Thailand: RUSHSAP and UNESCO Principal Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific. 319pp. UHjHAML GOVDjUNFSCO W 842/17

This UNESCO directory provides infonnation on Western Samoan social scientists. It profiles Tora Fetuao Alaroa, Kolotita Malaki, Galumalemana Netina schmidt, Nournea Simi, and Brenda Sydia sio. Each biographical sketch includes the person's employment title, address and telephone number, specialization, memberships, past employment, publications, year of birth, and education. COMMUNICATION & NETWORKING

REGIONAL

0074 Cox, Elizabeth 1988 Networking Among the Rural Women in the Pacific. Asian-South Pacific Bureau of Adult Education (44): 6-16.

** '!his article may be available by writing to the Editor, ASP&\E courier, ANU, GR:> Box 1225, canberra 2601, Australia.

0075 1986 Networking: a New and Necessary conununication System. In Development in the Pacific: What Women Say, edited by AOJA, 58-68. AOJA Development Ibssier no 18. canberra, Australia: AOJA. UHjHAML Pacc/HQ 1865 .6 .048 1986

Cox writes about networking "from the Perspective of rural women in development". She defines networking as a way to overcome cultural and class-based differentiations between groups. Cox describes how networking works, the cormnittment involved, and the use of technological and simple conununication systems. '!he purposes of networking include solidarity, exchange of skills, and new awareness among women.

0076 Pacific Woman 1985- Pacific Woman. Suva, Fiji: Insight Publications. UH/HAML Pacc/HQ 1865 .6 .A38

'!his is a popular interest magazine, with SPeCial and regular feature articles. Issues may be available by writing to Insight Publications, Ltd., Box 2396, Government Buildings, Suva, Fiji. 0077 Pacific Women's Resource Bureau 1983- Pacific Women's Bureau Newsletter (Women's Newsletter, new title). Nomnea, New Caledonia: SPC. UH/HAML Pacc/HQ 1865 .6 .A4

'!his newsletter reports SPC and Pacific Women' s Resource Bureau's projects and activities, lists recently published (including audio visual) materials, and includes articles ranging from health issues to handicraft production. Newsletters may be available by writing to ro Box D5, Nomnea Cedex, New Caledonia.

0078 Simmons, Donita Vasiti 1986 USP's Infonnation Network System for Pacific Women: ~. Paper presented at the ESCAP regional seminar on the Development of a Women' s Infonnation Network for Asia and the Pacific, 1-6 December 1986, Saitarna, Japan. USP Pac HQ 1865 .6 .S5 **

0079 South Pacific Commission 1986 Women's Infonnation Systems and Services in the SPC Area: Organization. Paper presented at the ESCAP regional seminar on the Development of a Women' s Infonnation Network for Asia and the Pacific, 1-6 December 1986, Saitarna, Japan. USP Pac HQ 1865 .6 .S66 **

0080 United Nations Economic and Social Conunission for Asia and the Pacific 1987 Wornen's Infonnation Network for Asia and the Pacific (WINAP). Bangkok, 'Ihailand?: UN ESCAP. 139pp. UH/HAML GOVD/ST/ESCAP/508

'!his publication is part of a UN project to improve infonnation systems for women nationally and regionally. '!his particular work has five detailed sections titled: a report of the Regional Seminar on the Development of a Women's Infonnation Network for Asia and the Pacific, Saitarna, Japan, 1-6 December 1986, infonnation sources and organizational structures for women' s concerns within UN agencies of the Asian-Pacific region, methcxiology for the implementation and monitoring of the convention of the elilnination of all fonns of discrilnination against women at the national level, measures to improve infonnation on the status of women in different socio-econornic situations: an Asian-Pacific perspective, and regional women's infonnation network for Asia and the Pacific. '!his work addresses the Asian-Pacific region in general, not necessarily specific countries within the region.

FIJI

0081 Pan-Pacific and South East Asia Womens Assocation 1989- Fiji Women. Suva, Fiji: George Rubine Limited.

'!his monthly paper provides news, popular reading, and practical infonnation about social problems. Issues may be available by writing to George Rubine Limited, Fiji Rugby Union House, 35 Gordon Street, Suva, Fiji.

GUAM

0082 University of Guam, Cooperative Extension Se:rvice 1985 Factsheet for Women on Guam. Mangiloa, Guam: Cooperative Extention se:rvice, UOG. UHjHAML Pacc/HQ 1866 .A25

'!his bulletin provides current statistics related to women's employment, including marital status, social status, occupation, and income data. Following are conclusions and speculated indications. Issues may be available by writing to Cooperative Extension Se:rvice, University of Guam, UOG Station, Mangilao, Guam 96923 USA. NORTHERN MARIANA ISLANDS

0083 Northern Marianas Women's Association 1986- Wornyn-In-Action: Northern Mariana's Women's Association (NMWA) Newsletter. Saipan, CNMI: NMWA. UHjHAML Pacc/HQ 1865 •7 . Z8 N68

This newsletter addresses concerns of CNMI women. Issues may be available by writing to ro Box 2495, Saipan, CNMI 96950 USA.

PAPUA NEW GUINEA

0084 Government of Papua New Guinea, Women's Division of the Department of Horne Affairs and Youth 1989 Nius Blong Meri. Borako, PNG: Goverrnnent of PNG?

written in both Pidgin and English, this newsletter includes articles of social concern and news of the NCW. Issues may be available by writing to the Editor, ro Box 7254, Boroko, NCD, PNG.

0085 She and Me: Images and Reality for Women in the Media of Papua New Guinea 1984? Port Moresby, PNG. 32pp. USP Pac HM 258 . S45 **

SOLOMON ISLANDS

0086 Solomon Islands National Council of Women 1984- Nius Blong Mere. Honiara, Solomon Islands: Solomon Islands NCW. UHjHAML Pacc/HQ 1580 .53 .A2

Articles in this newsletter address a range of social concerns from alcoholism to economic development. Issues may be available by writing to the NCW, Box 494, Honiara, Solomon Islands.

WESTERN SAMOA

0087 Peteru, Maiava Visekota Ruth 1986 Review of Women's Infonnation Network System ­ Western Samoa. Paper presented at the FSCAP regional seminar on the Development of a Women's Infonnation Network for Asia and the Pacific, 1-6 December 1986, saitaroa, Japan. 8pp. USP Pac HQ 1868 .7 .P4 ** ECONOMIC PLANNING & DEVELOPMENT

REGIONAL

0088 Asia and Pacific Development Centre, South Pacific Commission, and Asian Development Bank 1983 Strategies to Integrate Women in National Planning Process in the Pacific Region. Report of a training workshop held in SUVa, Fiji. Kuala I.llrrpur, Malaysia: Integration of Women in Development, APOC. SPC/FJ D338.9 APD **

0089 Asian-Pacific Population Programme News 1983 Asia-Pacific call for Action on Population and Development: Guidelines for the Formulation of Responsive Policy Measures. Asian-Pacific Population Programme News 12 (2): 17-23. **

0090 Asian-South Pacific Bureau of Adult Education 1983 Women and Development. Asian-South Pacific Bureau of Adult Education courier Service (29): 1-108?

** This article may be available by writing to the Editor, ASPBAE Courier, ANU, GED Box 1225, canberra 2601, Australia.

0091 1982 Development. Asian-South Pacific Bureau of Adult Education Courier Service (26): 1-88?

** This article may be available by writing to the Editor, ASPBAE Courier, ANU, GED Box 1225, canberra 2601, Australia. 0092 Australian National University, Development studies Centre and Australian Development Aid Bureau Women's Affairs Office, Vanuatu 1986 Review of Women in Development in the South Pacific: Barriers and Opportunities: Papers Presented at a Conference Held in Vanuatu from 11 to 14 August 1984 by Maev O'Collins. Australian outlook 40 (3): 186.

See also entries 0095, 0096, 0104, 0119, 0122, 0180, 0187, 0189, 0255, 0422.

0093 Bavadra, Kuini 1985 Statement By Mrs. Kuini Bavadra, leader of the Fiji Government Delegation to the World Conference Review and Appraise the Achievements of UN Decade for Women, Nairobi, Kenya, July 15-26, 1985. Suva, Fiji: USP. 5pp. USP qto HQ 1867 .7 .B3 **

0094 Chapman, Margaret D. 1987 Women's Fishing in oceania. Human Ecology 15 (3): 267-288.

Chapman analyzes the contributions women fisherfolk make to subsistence marine food supply in their corrrrnunities. First, she distinguiShes women's Participation into fishing activity categories, accentuating the diversity. Chapman then summarizes the skills and prohibitions which differentiate men's and women's fishing practices. Following is a discourse on social changes affecting women's involvement in fishing. Chapman presents quantitative, observed, and archaeological evidence to support her thesis that women consistently provide their communities with protein. In Particular, Chapman refers to American Samoa, Western Samoa, Kiribati, PNG, Australia, and Hawai \ i. She briefly describes men's Perspective on fisherwomen. Chapman states that fisherwomen's marine ecosystem skills and knOWledge have implications for policy planning. However, she concludes that since their protein contribution is depended upon by their communities, caution needs to be taken if planning to integrate fisherwomen into cornrnerical fishery production. 0095 Chilcott, Jennifer and David Illcas 1985 '!he Socio-Economic status of Women in the South Pacific: a statistical OVerview. In Women in Development in the South Pacific: Barriers and Opportunities; Papers Presented at a Conference Held in Vanuatu From 11 to 14 August 1984, edited by n:;C, ANU, 11-29. Canberra, Australia: n:;C, ANU. UH/HAML Pacc/HQ 1865 .6 .W66 1985

Chilcott and Illcas analyze socio-economic statistical data to determine women's development standing. '!hey discuss how their indicators can be used in such an analysis and the limitations of their indicators, that is, economic (GNP per capita, inflation rate, aid disbursements), population (growth rates, sex ratio, fertility and family planning), human resources (education, labor), and composite. Chilcott and Illcas write that "it is a lack of data analysis rather than lack of data that prevents more indicators on the position of women in the development process being available". See also entry 0092.

0096 Cole, R.V. 1985 Access to Development Finance. In Women in Development in the South Pacific: Barriers and Opportunities; Papers Presented at a Conference Held in Vanuatu From 11 to 14 August 1984, edited by n:;C, ANU, 197-211. canberra, Australia: n:;C, ANU. UH/HAML Pacc/HQ 1865 .6 .W66 1985

Cole describes how women seeking financial assistance for income generating activities might receive credit from development finance institutions. He reviews criteria for banks in Western Samoa, Solomon Islands, PNG, Palau, TuvalU, Tonga, Nuie, Kiribati, and Fiji. From the lenders perspective, Cole discusses risks in giving credit to women, such as family Obligations, customary constraints, and inadequate business training. He also lists positive aspects of lending to women, such as their adaptability and their family garden management experience. Cole suggests five ways women could gain increased access to bank credit. See also entry 0092. 0097 Connell, John 1984 status or Subjugation? Women, Migration and Development in the South Pacific. International Migration Review 18 (68): 964-983.

Connell analyzes women's migration patterns, with an errphasis on Melanesia. He remarks that while the region is increasingly urbanized, pennanent rather than circular migration is also increasing. Connell writes in general terms about Pacific migration and corrparative sex-based migration. He focuses on the effects of migration on women, addressing issues of lost identity, ethnicity, land claims, life expectancies, nutrition, subsistence production, and marriage patterns. Connell examines both independent and. passive women migrants and. he believes that women migrants are "increasingly significant" as imbalanced gender-based differentiated migration trends become a thing of the past. He concludes that migration has "tended to contribute to marginalization, peripheralization and dePendency" of women.

0098 Dickie, M 1983 Women and. Money in the Pacific: Income Generating Projects for Women. Suva, Fiji: no. ** **

0099 Douglas, Ngaire 1986 Pacific Women Push Ahead. Pacific Magazine 11 (3): 42.

See entry 0050.

0100 Fleming, Sue, Monalisa Tukuafu et al 1986 Report of the 1986 Women and. Technology Workshop. Nukualofa, Tonga: Women's Development Training Progrannne, IRD, USP. 24pp. UHjHAML Pacc/HQ 1865 .6 .W63 1986

Fleming and. Tukuafu write a brief surrnnary of each segment of this workshop. They report on the range of topics covered and. identified problems concerning women's abilities to meet community needs. They include evaluations made by the workshop participants which may be of use to persons designing workshops and/or workshop evaluations.

0101 Goodwillie, Oiarme and Ruth I.echte 1982 Women and Development Programs in the Pacific Islands. In From Rhetoric to Reality?, edited by Peter King, Wendy Lee, and vincent Warakai, 58-65. Port Moresby, PNG: UNFNG Press. UHjHAML Pace/IXJ 740 .A2 W252 1982

Goodwillie and I.echte write a concise history of the emergence of Pacific programs specific to women's socio-economic issues. '!hey document meetings, publications, plans, and policies of the major development players. '!he authors then discuss chief problems inhibiting fuller participation of women in socio-economic development. Goodwillie and I.echte advocate that women should be given greater access to technology, a larger role in communicating that technology, and "reverse discrimination" opportunities which would secure women's participation in development.

0102 Hailey, John M. 1987 Pacific Women in Business. In Entrepreneurs and Indigenous Business in the Pacific, by John M. Hailey, 39-48. PlOP Research Report Series no 9. Honolulu, , USA: PlOP, EWe. UH/HAML Pace/HD 2346 .03 H35 1987

Hailey writes that most Pacific women earn income through handicraft making, fishing, vegetable vending, and tailoring - activities which need little upfront capital, do not require full time attention, and are group income earning activities. He remarks that guilds like the Fijian Soqosoqo Vakamarama and the Tongan raga Fonua have had limited success. Hailey concludes that businesswomen have gender-based hardships such as inappropriate education, difficulty in obtaining bank loans, family care demands, and inadequate legal rights and services. He makes broad recommendations to encourage more businesses operated by women. 0103 Hetler, carol B. and Siew-Ean Khoo 1987 Women's Participation in the South Pacific Economies. Islands/Australia Working Paper no 87/4. canberra, Australia: NCLB, ANU. 45pp. USP qto lID 6220 .43 .H48 UHjHAML Pacc/HC 681 .Al 184 no. 87/1-87/5

Helter and Khoo write that women have not had regular access to and Participation remains low (10-15%) in income generation activities. Limited appropriate education and slow national economic growth contribute to this trend. Hetler and Khoo attempt to assess women' s Participation in the regional economy. '!hey conclude that education and vocational training as well as established legal rights and cornrnerical legitimacy are needed to ensure women's increased Participation in the economy. statistics they provide support their conclusions.

0104 Hughes, Helen 1985 Women in the Development of the South Pacific. In Women in Development in the South Pacific: Barriers and Opportunities; Papers Presented at a Conference Held in Vanuatu From 11 to 14 August 1984, edited by mc, ANU, 3-10. canberra, Australia: mc, ANU. UH/HAML Pacc/HQ 1865 .6 .W66 1985

Hughes writes an introduction to a collection of conference paPerS. She states that the Pacific's "slow growth is not as costly as it is in mcmy other countries because the Pacific is still enjoying 'primitive affluence"'. Hughes presents sl.II1'llll

0105 Johnson, Giff 1983 Hilda Lini, Pacific Women's Resource Bureau. Pacific Magazine 8 (3): 55-59, 64-65.

See entry 0051. 0106 Keating, Maree an Lyn Melville 1986 Aid and Development Issues in the Pacific. In Development in the Pacific: What Women Say, edited by AOOA, 69-79. ACOA Development ~ssier no 18. canberra, Australia: AOOA. UHjHAML Pacc/HQ 1865 .6 .048 1986

Keating and Melville review issues of health, education, employment, networking and communications, roles and status, and IX>litics as discussed at the 1985 Pacific Regional Women's Conference. '!he authors find that since government and NGO development schemes have generally not focused on women, networking and church related projects have assisted women in development. Keating and Melville examine Australian NGO project types and remark there is a shift from connnunity to regionally based projects. '!he authors stress that local projects are needed to successfully develop the Pacific. '!hey briefly discuss women's involvement in Pacific peace and independence movements.

0107 Kikau, Eci 1986 Of Challenge and Choices: Women's Organizations in Rural Development. MA thesis, Reading university? 94pp. USP Pac HQ 1867 . 7 . K5 **

0108 Kroon, Marjan 1983 lID and Women's Activities. Suva, Fiji: lID Office for the South Pacific. Paper written for presentation at the South Pacific Conunission's Inter-Agency Women's Meeting, 28-30 March 1983, SUVa, Fiji. 8pp. USP Pac HQ 1865 .6 .K76 ** 0109 Lechte, Ruth E. 1982 Women in Development: the Pacific Way. Nadi, Fiji: YWCA. 7pp. SPC/FJ D301.412099 LEC **

0110 Liloquila, Ruth 1989 Paper Presented to the Workshop on Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry. In Fourth Regional Conference of Women (Suva, Fiji, 17-23 September, 1988): Report, edited by SPC, 179-182. Nournea, New caledonia: SPC. UHjHAML Pacc/HQ 1865 .6 .R43 1988

Liloquila discusses different ways Islanders and Westerners envision utilities of the ocean and land. She also discusses reasons attributable to the growing urban-rural gap and connnents on how this gap affects rural development. In terns of women's participation in development, Liloquila stresses that women play "vital" agricultural roles and need to be given access to appropriate technology training and "support services". She writes from a personal perspective.

0111 Meleisea, Penelope Sdhoeffel 1983 Women's Associations and Rural Development: Western Samoa and Rural Development. Pacific Perspectives 11 (2): 56-61.

'Ihis article is a summary of her lengthier publication, Women's Associations in the Rural Economy of the South Pacific: case studies from Western Samoa and East New Britain Province, Papua New Guinea. See entry 0021.

0112 Pollock, Nancy J. 1982 Mother's Milk, It Contributes to the Household Budget in Various Pacific Islands. Paper presented at the Women and Food Conference, Kensington, NSW, Australia. SPC/FJ 301.412 WOM ** 0113 Pryor, Pamela Takiora Ingram 1982 Pacific Island Women in Development: Opportunities Beyond the Kitchen. UH Women's studies Program Conference on Concepts and strategies: Women's studies in Different CUltural Contexts, November 1982, HonolulU, HI, USA. 18pp. UHjHAML Pacc/HQ 1865 .6 . P79 1982

Pryor traces the history, functions, and changing status of women in Pacific connnunities. She describes the Pacific Women's Resource Bureau, YWCA, and other organizations concerned with women's issues. In addition, Pryor defines 'economically active', 'manpower', and 'head of household'. She broadly discusses the roles women play in health services, law, education, agriculture, tourism, and politics as well as profiles some Pacific women.

0114 Pulea, Mere 1983 Women Employment and Development. Pacific Perspective 11 (2): 18-23.

Pulea writes that women must become more involved in rural development planning. She questions the assumption that women's participation in the cash economy will necessarily augment their living standards. using the Ulusaivou Corporation project in Fiji as an example, Pulea suggests large economic programs can make it difficult for women to find wage labor. She states that rural development primarily benefits urban and peri-urban persons through an increase in agricultural production. She concludes that rural women's standards of living do not necessarily rise as a consequence. Pulea also writes that income earned creates a dependency on iJnported foods. Traditionally, argues Pulea, women played a complementary, yet unequal, role in gender-based division of labor; she interprets women's positions as subordinate to that of men. Pulea uses specific exanples from Fiji and Western Samoa to support her belief that technology affects women more than conunonly recognized. 0115 Randell, Shirley 1984 Participation of Women in the Evaluation of Church-Funded Development Projects. In Women, Aid & Development: Proceedings of a Workshop, edited by Lyn Melville, 103-107. Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia: wrnA with ADAB. UHjHAML Pacc/HQ 1870 .9 .W67 1983

Randell writes that the World Council of Chnlches is atterrpting to increase its m.nnber of regional conunittee members for women to ensure their presence at decision making meetings. Randell gives the general criteria for objectives of Pacific projects, that is, mainly to "promote resource sharing". Randell concludes that "there is an appalling invisibility of women across the whole stage of project-design, selection, implementation and evaluation" . She suggests that both donors and recipients of aid need to be better educated about development guidelines.

0116 Ritterbush, S. Deacon and Janice Pearson 1988 Pacific Women in Business: Constraints and Opportunities. In Island Entrepreneurs: Problems and Perfonnances in the Pacific, edited by Te'o Fairbairn, 195-207. Honolulu, HI, USA: PIDP, EWC. UHjHAML Pacc/HD 2346 .03 177 1988

Ritterbush and Pearson write that women are neglected in national economic programs owing to political and traditional constraints. The authors report on indicators of increasing economic contribution by women, attributable in part to education, family planning, and a changing economic environment. The constraints with which women must deal vary from inadequate training and lack of access to credit to traditional restraints and limited childcare facilities. They remark that a successful businesswoman often has the support of a man. Ritterbush and Pearson profile Papiloa Foliaki, Marie Melvin, Mere Samisoni, and Elaine Bailey. 0117 Rokotuivuna, Amelia 1988 Working With Women: a comnunity Development Handbook for Pacific Women. Noumea, New Caledonia: SPC. 87pp. UHjHAML oo1.S6883 no. 29

Rokotuivuna writes a guide for project officers training rural women in community development. Rokotuivuna proposes community development programs as an alternative to fonnal education for women in the rural sector. She provides exercises to raise questions and ideas among women about their community roles and status. In particular, the author discusses connnon problems faced by women, such as the lack of wage labor, increased physical violence (owing to ignorance of wornens' rights), and the general lack of infonnation available about Pacific women.

0118 Schoeffel, Penelope 1986 The Rice Pudding Syndrome: Women's Advancement and Home Economics Training in the South Pacific. In Development in the Pacific: What Women Say, edited by AOOA, 36-44. AOOA Development Dossier no 18. canberra, Australia: AOOA. UH/HAML Pacc/HQ 1865 .6 .048 1986

See entry 0244.

0119 1985 Women in the Fisheries of the South Pacific. In Women in Development in the South Pacific: Barriers and Opoortunities; Papers Presented at a Conference Held in Vanuatu From 11 to 14 August 1984, edited by USC, AND, 156-175. canberra, Australia: USC, AND. UHjHAML Pacc/HQ 1865 .6 .W66 1985

Schoeffel discusses paradoxes concerning women fisherfolk, subsistence fisheries, traditional division of fishery labor, traditional fishing zones for women, and Melanesian women's aqua-technical participation. She remarks that development projects generally do not recognize women's fisheries knowledge and roles; fisheries export marketing projects usually preclude women. Schoeffel writes that fisheries projects which do focus on women are "usually promoted through men". She calls for more balanced and extended services programs. See also entry 0092. 0120 1984 Involving Women in Project Design, Implementation and Evaluation. In Women, Aid & Development: Proceedings of a Workshop, edited by Lyn Melville, 96-102. Fitzroy, victoria, Australia: WillA with ADAB. UHfHAML Pacc/HQ 1870 .9 .W67 1983

Schoeffel responds to remarks made by Paul McGowan about lobbying and by Rounaq Jahan research addressing women in development. Schoeffel describes the establishment of WDNA and early efforts of herself, Judi Fisher, and Ruth pfanner concerning sma.ll project evaluation, design, and implementation in association with ADAB. She also discusses WillA's networking through Ofis Belong 01 Meri and details two of WillA's twenty-eight project proposals. Schoeffel reports that WDNA advocates the use of the Australian Government/NGO BINGO scheme and that "most of the Australian aid agencies already think they are doing very good things for women in development and are not necessarily eager to be lectured by us on this subject".

0121 1984 Women's Work and Development in the South Pacific. In Women, Aid & Development: Proceedings of a Workshop, edited by Lyn Melville, 45-52. Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia: WDNA with ADAB. UH/HAML Pacc/HQ 1870 .9 .W67

Schoeffel reports on Melanesian women's "absolutely vital" role in agriculture, including cash cropping. She critically discusses the CE!'C's original curriculum and summarizes Claire Slatter's 1983 review of the CErC, particularly points deemed priority areas in PNG, the Solomon Islands, Vanuatu, Fiji, Tonga, Western Samoa, Kiribati, Palau, and the Marshall Islands. Schoeffel concludes that Slatter's report indicates that "this approach to women and development has been largely a failure". She remarks that development planners must realize women's actual economic roles and consider customs, too. Schoeffel lists priority areas of development for women. 0122 Siwatibau, Suliana 1985 Women's Access to Aid-Sponsored Training in the South Pacific. In Women in Development in the South Pacific: Barriers and Opportunities; Papers Presented at a Conference Held in Vanuatu From 11 to 14 August 1984, edited by ])sC, ANU, 88-10l. UHjHAML PaccjHQ 1865 .6 .W66 1985

Siwatibau reports that despite the region's relatively low receipt of aid compared to other third world nations, the Per capita Pacific aid ratio is relatively high. She explains that aid is usually directed through government offices. siwatibau argues that time has proven that nationally directed aid does not significantly ilnprove women's development position, except in health services. She describes aid available to women and suggests ways in which assistance programs could be channelled to "focus the benefits more directly on women". See entry 0092.

0123 Soltan-Mohannnadi, Pari 1984 Strengthening the Planning and Implementation of National Women's Progranrrnes in the Pacific, RAS/81/W06: Final Report. UNDP/SPC Project RAS/81jW06. Noumea, New caledonia: SPC. 29pp. UH/HAML Microfiche 000418

Soltan-Mohannnadi report on the first major project undertaken by the Pacific Women's Resource Bureau under the joint auspicies of the UNDP/ESCAP and SPC. Soltan-Mohannnadi writes about project activities, policy framework, and the establishment of national women's programs, including an indepth account of training workshops and curriculum. '!he author also presents possible strategy frameworks to ensure effective and local Participation concerning future projects. Soltan-Mohannnadi provides multiple summary charts. 0124 1989 Pacific Women's Resource Bureau: an OVerview. In Fourth Regional Conference of Pacific Women (Suva, Fiji, 17-23 September, 1988): Report, edited by SPC, 75-85. Noumea, New caledonia: SPC. UHjHAML Pacc/HQ 1865 .6 .R43 1988

See entry 0006.

0125 1989 Progress in Promoting Women~riented Progrannnes. In Fourth Regional Conference of Pacific Women (Suva, Fiji, 17-23 September, 1988): Report, edited by SPC, 87-98. Noumea, New caledonia: SPC. UHjHAML Pacc/HQ 1865 .6 .R43 1988

'!his is a report on SPC women's current programs, project proposals, and funding for 1988-89, Particularly for PNG, the Solomon Islands, and the Cook Islands. '!he report includes a draft document to be presented at the 1989 SPC Conference. It also lists SPC publications for the same time period.

0126 1988 Resource Kit for Pacific Women. Noumea, New caledonia: SPC. 386pp. UH/HAML Pacc/HQ 1391 .03 R47 1988

See entry 0046.

0127 1987 Workshop on Socio-Economic statistics on Women (1987: Noumea, New caledonia): Report. Noumea, New caledonia: SPC. 25pp. UH/HAML Pacc/HQ 1760 .6 .W67 1987

'!he SPC documents an oPening address by Jon Jonassen (Acting Secretary-General of the SPC), the conference agenda, and a list of Participants. '!he purpose of this publication is to specify which statistics concerning women are inadequate or missing entirely in extant research. '!he report also defines the inlportance of recording and applying such statistics. '!he report includes recommendations for ways statistics might be collected in the various South Pacific countries. 0128 1985 Joint Regional Meeting of Govennnent Representatives and Representatives of Non~ennnent organisations on Women's Affairs in the Pacific, Rarotonga, Cook Islands, 25-27 March 1985: Report. Noumea, New caledonia: SPC. 31pp. UHfHAML PaccjHQ 1865 .6 .J65 1985

'Ibis conference report includes summary of proceedings, reconunendations, agenda, list of Participants, and list of working papers presented at the meeting.

0129 1985 Regional Meeting of Pacific Islands Women's Non-Govennnental Organisations, Rarotonga, Cook Islands, 19-23 March 1985: Rep::.>rt. Noumea, New caledonia: SPC. 99pp. UH/HAML Pacc/HQ 1865 .6 .R44 1985

'Ibis report of conference proceedings includes reconunendations of the meeting, reports of workshops -summary of issues, constraints and strategies, summary of plenary sessions, agenda, list of Participants, and list of working paPers.

0130 South Pacific Connnission, Pacific Women's Resource Bureau 1983 Pacific Women's Resource Bureau: Objectives and Activities. PaPer presented at the SPC Women's Resource Bureau Inter-Agency Meeting, Women's Program, 28-30 March 1983, Suva, Fiji. Suva, Fiji: CEI'C. 7pp. UH/HAML Microfiche 000328

See entry 0007.

0131 Tabakaucoro, Adi Finau 1989 Address by the Honourable Adi Finau Tabakaucoro, Minister for Women and Social Welfare. In Fourth Regional Conference of Pacific Women (Suva, Fiji, 17-23 September, 1988): Rep::.>rt, edited by SPC, 73-74. Noumea, New caledonia: SPC. UHfHAML PaccjHQ 1865 .6 .R43 1988

Tabakaucoro writes a welcome address for the Participants of the Fourth Regional Conference of Pacific Women. She surrnnarizes the status and challenges of economic development for women. She states that "as women and equal citizens of this region, it is our responsibility to create and maintain such an environment".

0132 Tongamoa, Taiarnoni 1989? Pacific Women in Regional/International Organizations. Pacific Perspective 14 (1): 27-34.

See entry 0008.

0133 Tuiasosopo, Afioga Pulefa'asisina P.M. 1989 Address by the Honorable Afioga Pulefa'asisina P.M. Tuiasosopo, Secretary-General of the South Pacific Connnission. In Fourth Regional Conference of Pacific Women (Suva, Fiji, 17-23 September, 1988): Report, edited by SPC, 71-72. Noumea, New caledonia: SPC. UH/HAML Pacc/HQ 1865 .6 .R43 1988

Tuiasosopo writes an introductory address to participants of the Fourth Regional Conference of Pacific Women. He describes women as "the foundation of our societies" and "the most valuable resource" in the region. Tuiasosopo suggests that "out of diversity [of Pacific peoples] is born our calnmess" .

0134 Untalan-Munoz, Faye 1987 Pacific Islands Women's Conference on Employment and labor Market Development, May 7-8, 1987. Honolulu, HI, USA: PIDP, EWC. 25pp. UH/HAML Pacc/HD 6220 .43 .M85 1987

This EWC conference publication summarizes country presentations made by American Samoa, Northern Marianas, Guam, and FNG. Conference discussions covered are feminism, government policies, incorporation of traditional systems, cultural survival, environmental poisoning, multinational corporations, tourism, women's organizations, daily activities of women, American Samoan history in relation to women's division of labor, cultural conflict, job training and networking, , financial aid, employment trends, women as single heads of households, legislation, agriculture, household as a unit of production, and rural versus urban concerns. Included are workshop reconnnendations, summary of common themes, and future directions. Appendices give details about the conference agenda, faculty, corrunittee, sponsors, supporters, contributors, and ParticiPants.

0135 Whibnore, Judith 1982 '!he Development of Women's Proarammes in the Pacific. PaPer presented for the SPC at the Soroptimist International Conference, 1982, New Zealand. 16pp. UHjHAML Microfiche 000466

Whibnore reviews the aiJns of the UN Decade for Women, outlines basic statistics about Pacific women, and provides a summary history of Pacific women's national and regional organizations. She examines the degree of success and consequences of Pacific women's programs designed according to the tickle-down theory. Finally, Whibnore recommends how Soroptimists may help women's programs in the Pacific.

0136 Women of Vanuatu 1983 Integration of Women in the Development Process. Pacific Perspective 11 (2): 1-4.

'The Women of Vanuatu state that Pacific goverrnnents treat women as "second class citizens" by supporting oppressive traditional women's roles. 'The authors stress that govennnents need to take the lead in providing a place in which women may prove their ability to contribute to national development; they write that more women need to be put in key govennnent positions.

0137 World Young Women's Christian Assocation? 1984 Your Club Money: Guidelines for a Simple Finance Workshop, a Report From a Ten Day Workshop on Financial Management, 1984. PaPer presented at the World YWCA workshop, 14-24 February 1984, Honiara, Solomon Islands. SPC/FJ 0657 YOU ** COOK ISLANDS

0138 Banwell, C 1985 Back Seat Drivers: Women and Development in Rarotonga. MA thesis, University of Auckland. ** **

FIJI

0139 Agar, Janet et al 1984 Women in Development Planning in Fiji. Study for APOC, Kuala Illrnpur, Malaysia. SlNa, Fiji: APOC. 275pp. USP Pac HQ 1867.7.W58 **

0140 Bolabola, Cerna 1988 Appropriate Technology for Women: Has It Worked? In Environment and Pacific Women: From the Globe to the Village, edited by I.eatuailevao Ruby Va'a and Joan Martin Teaiwa, 13-18. SlNa, Fiji: FAWG with IPS, USP. UHjHAML Pacc/HQ 1865 .6 .E69 1988

Bolabola writes that economic development is "resulting in the increasing domestication of women" . She describes daily routines for Fijian women and reviews women's concerns about food gathering and preparation, fundraising for connnunity projects, and the lack of appropriate technology being provided to women. Bolabola critically reviews various organizations' efforts to address, and impact on, women in development. She concludes by suggesting ways women could be greater involved in the dissemination of appropriate technology. The paper includes conference participants' reactions to Bolabola's presentation. 0141 1987 An Experience of the Transfer of Appropriate Technology from Fiji to Kenya: the 1987 ISIS-WICCE Exchange Programme on Women and Appropriate Technology. Asian-Pacific Bureau of Adult Education courier (41): 20-26.

** '!his article may be available by writing to the Editor, ASPBAE Courier, ANU, Gro Box 1225, Canberra 2601, Australia.

0142 Bolabola, cerna and Claire Slatter 1984 Fiji Women in the Tourist Industry. Report cormnissioned ESCAP, Bangkok, 'Ih.ailand. 75pp. USP qto lID 6070 .2 . F5 B6 **

0143 Chandra, Rajesh 1983 Women and Migration with Special Reference to Fiji. Paper written for presentation at the APOCjSPC Strategies Conference to Integrate Women in the National Planning Process in the Pacific Region, 3-12 october 1983, Suva, Fiji. Suva, Fiji: SSED, USP. 13pp. USP Pac HQ 1867 .7 .C47 **

0144 Fiji National Council of Women 1983 Women in Development. Report of the Fiji NCW Seminar, 25-27 october 1983. Suva, Fiji: Fiji NCW. 25pp. USP Pac HQ 1867.7 F5 1983 ** 0145 Fiji National Council of Women and united states Peace Corps 1986 National Women in Development Conference/Workshop Report - Suva, Fiji: National Council of Women, Fiji; u.s. Peace Corps, Fiji/Tuvalu, 1986. USP qto HQ 1106 1986 .N3 **

0146 Fleming, Sue 1987 Socio-Economic statistics on Women: Five case Studies in the Pacific. SPC Technical Paper no 193. Nournea., New caledonia: SPC. 85pp. UH/HAML Pacc/DU1.S586 no. 189-193

Fleming writes the scarcely known history and background infonnation of the Pacific region's need for statistics on women. She reports on and makes reconnnendations for statistic collection methodologies in Fiji, Kiribati, Marshall Islands, Solomon Islands, and Tonga. For each country, Fleming summarizes aspects of data collection for households, families and individuals, migration, ethnicity, health, education, employment, and access to resources.

0147 Government of Fiji, Ministry of Education 1984 Fiji National Short Course on the Management of Income Generating Activities from the 18th-29th June 1984 at Frolieman's Lodge, rami. Fiji: Report. Suva, Fiji: Non-fonnal Sector, Ministry of Education, Government of Fiji, and the Conunonwealth Youth Programne. 33pp. USP Pac lID 6220 .6 .R4 **

0148 Jalal, Patricia 1988 The Urban Woman: victim of a Changing Social Envirornnent. In Envirornnent and Pacific Women: From the Globe to the Village, edited by Leatuailevao Ruby Va'a and Joan Martin Teaiwa, 30-37. Suva, Fiji: FAVK; with IPS, USP. UH/HAML PaccjHQ 1865 .6 .E69 1988

See entry 0428. 0149 Kroon, Marjan 1985 Fiji: Training Women for Income~eration. Training for Agriculture and Rural Development: 53-60.

See entry 0256.

0150 lal, Padrra. and Claire Slatter 1982 '!he Integration of Women in Fisheries Development in Fiji. Report of a joint FSCAP/FAO project for improving the socia-economic status of women in a fishfolk community. Suva, Fiji: Fisheries Division, MAFF Fiji and CASD, USP. ** **

0151 Larcom, Joan Clayton 1987 '!heir Roles as Agricultural Extensionist Aqents. Transnational Knowledge utilization Project, ICC, EWC. Honolulu, HI, USA: ICC, EWC. 79pp. UH/HAML PaccjHD 6073 .A292 0238 1987

Larcom describes the roles, constraints, and successes of female agricultural extension agents in Fiji, Tonga, Western Samoa, and Vanuatu. She writes that some difficulties in using a woman agent include the woman's limited access to appropriate training, making certain her useful placement once trained, and the government's choice of her assigned responsibilities. Larcom also suggests a number of other factors affecting the perfo:nnance of women agents, such as lack of transportation, personal family obligations, gender, and class background.

0152 lateef, Shireen 1986 " ...Because '!hey Have Nice Unifonns": the career Aspirations of Indian Schoolgirls in Suva, Fiji. In Development in the Pacific: What Women Say, edited by AOJA, 45-57. AOJA Development Ibssier no 18. canberra, Australia: AOJA. UH/HAML Pacc/HQ 1865 .6 .048 1986

lateef writes that Indian schoolgirls prefer job occupations like bank teller, office assistant, teacher, and air stewardess. lateef constrasts these preferences with traditional Indo-Fijian social expectations, Particularly those of Parents, and with the general lack of employment opportunities for . Iateef analyzes employment statistics, comparing Indo-Fijian women with ethnic Fijian women and men, and she reports on different categories of employment in which Indo-Fijian and ethnic Fijian women are likely to be engaged. Iateef discusses at length culturally founded concerns which detennine the appropriateness of job types.

0153 Nabuva, Taina and Betty Schultz 1986 Prostitution: Problem or Profitable Industry? In Fijians in Town, edited by Chris Griffin and Mike Monsell-Davis. Suva, Fiji: IPS, USP. UHjHAML PaccjHT 149 . F6 F46 1986

The authors define prostitution, relate attitudes towards it, and describe various types of prostitutes in Fiji. They suggest reasons why PeOple become prostitutes and report that most prostitutes in Fiji are ethnic Fijians - a statement which conflicts with other observers reports. In sum, the authors report on how the law affects prostitutes and prostitutes' contribution to the Fijian economy. Nabavu and Schultz briefly address the combination of prostitutism and tourism. This article does not deal strictly with women.

0154 Naikatini, Unaisi 1988 cashing in on the Envirornnent: Do the Rural Women Pay the Price or Reap the Benefit? In Envirornnent and Pacific Women: From the Globe to the Village, edited by I.eatuailevao Ruby Va'a and Joan Martin Teaiwa, 7-12. Suva, Fiji: FAWG with IPS, USP. UHjHAML Pacc/HQ 1865 .6 .E69 1988

Naikatini reviews natural disasters which change the physical envirornnent and briefly conunents on rehabilitation and reforestation efforts. She critically sununarizes Fiji's agricultural development projects and discusses how those projects affect nrral women.

0155 Pryor, Takiora Ingram 1987 Mary sarnisoni Bakes Profits in Fiji. Pacific Magazine 12 (1): 45.

See entry 0059.

0156 Samisoni, Mere Tuisalala 1986 Indigenous Fijian Women in Urban-based Business. Paper presented at a PIDP seminar, May 1986, Samoa and at a Non-governmental seminar, August 1986, Suva, Fiji. USP Pac lID 6070 .2 .F5 S3 **

0157 Siwatibau, Suliana, Ruth I.echte, Janet Agar, Donita Sirrnnons, and carol Sofield 1987 Review of Missing Women: Development Planning in Asia and the Pacific by Cecilia Ng. Journal of Contemporary Asia 17 (1): 112-115.

0158 1986 Review of Missing Women: Development Planning in Asia and the Pacific by Delia Davin. Journal of Development Studies 22 (4): 775-777.

0159 1985 Women in Development Planning: Fiji. In Missina Women: Development Planning in Asia and the Pacific, edited by Noeleen Heyzer, 172-298. Kuala Illrnpur, Malaysia: APOC. UHjHAML Asia/HQ 1726.M57 1985

'!he authors review past Fiji Development Plans and their lack of particular consideration of women as "disadvantaged". '!he authors write that a development plan which encourages augmentation of women's socio-economic status will also "consciously battle the underlying stereotyping" of women's roles as prirnarly domestic in orientation. '!he authors critically examine ways in which Fiji's 8th Development Plan affects the participation of, and otherwise benefits, women in all aspects of national development.

0160 Submissions to the Gannent Tribunal: Fiji Women's Rights Movement - 1986 1986 14pp. USP Pac lID 4966 •C62 **

0161 Schramm, Mary 1988 Changes in Community Lifestyles: Does the Urban Woman Pay the Price? In Environment and Pacific Women: From the Globe to the Village, edited by r.eatuailevao Ruby Va'a and Joan Martin Teaiwa, 25-29. Suva, Fiji: FAWG with IPS, USP. UHjHAML PaccjHQ 1865 .6 .E69 1988

Schramm states that urban people are experiencing "the generation gap, the development gap, and the urban/rural gap". She writes that urban people are not always knowledgeable to make relevant decisions nor do they have traditionally securities still available in the rural sector.

0162 Sutton, Shanta 1988 Environmental Impact on Women: From the Globe to the Village. In Environment and Pacific Women: From the Globe to the Village, edited by r.eatuailevao Ruby Va'a and Joan Martin Teaiwa, 1-6. Suva, Fiji: FAWG with IPS, USP. UHjHAML PaccjHQ 1865 .6 .E69 1988

Sutton discusses why the threat of nuclear war, the Greenhouse Effect, and the status of Fiji's natural resource management are of concern to women. She makes nine reconunend.ations for establishing environmental legislation and awareness. 0163 united Nations Economic and Social Connnission for Asia and the Pacific 1987 Achievements of the UN Decade for and the Pacific. Bangkok, Thailand: UN ESCAP. 282pp. UHjHAML GOVD/ST/ESCAP/434

This concise summary of the status of women in the international arena provides country reviews for Fiji, Western Samoa, Tonga, and Vanuatu. The book is divided into two sections. The section on general development covers national machineries and policies, national development plans and programs, legislation, and political participation. The section on sectoral development covers employment, education, and health.

0164 Upton, Sue 1988 Female Face in Fiji. Pacific Island Focus 1 (1): 2-12.

Upton writes that Fijian society favors male authority. She says that, althOUgh women contribute to the national economy, they may be considered "not economically active" and hence may be statistically underreported because they are family laborers. Upton critically discusses internal migration patterns and ramifications of those patterns, employment opportunities, discriminatory law, domestic obligations, effectiveness of education and training, lack of decision making power, and sexual inequalities.

0165 Volo, Sisilia 1983 Fijian Parents Aspirations for Their Daughters. Pacific Perspective 11 (2): 29-32.

Volo suggests that one reason women are absent from certain areas of wage employment is parents' expectations of their daughters. Volo reports on her interviews with one hundred and fifteen parents, mostly mothers. Parents agreed they would like their daughters educated so the daughters could have a steady income; the parents found this desirable because they can rely on daughters (more than on sons) for care in their elderly years. Volo reports teaching to be the most (54%) acceptable work for daughters, because the profession boasts good salaries, prestige, and the notion of responsible citiZenship. Volo concludes that most fonus of employment which Parents find acceptable for their daughters involve domestic type skills. Volo states that young women entering the workforce have few role models for jobs which require abilities other than domestic skills.

FRENCH POLYNESIA

0166 I.Dckwood, Victoria Joralernon 1988 capitalist Development and the Socio-Economic Position of Tahitian Peasant Women. Journal of Anthropological Research 44 (3): 263-285.

Lockwood makes the first Marxist anthropology analysis of Tahitian peasant women's status in an economy shifting from subsistence to market production. She examines issues of changing division of labor, systems of household output, and gender-based dominance of resources and products. Lockwood concludes that, although in pre-Western Tahiti women had high status, contemporary Tahitian men's dominance in the market economy has rendered women subordinate to men.

GUAM

0167 University of Guam, Cooperative Extension service 1985 Factsheet for Women on Guam. Mangiloa, Guam: Cooperative Extention service, UOG. UHjHAML Pacc/HQ 1866 .A25

See entry 0082. KIRIBATI

0168 Fleming, Sue 1987 Socia-Economic statistics on Women: Five case studies in the Pacific. SPC Teclmical Paper no 193. Noumea, New caledonia: SPC. 85pp. UH/HAML Pacc/DU1.S586 no. 189-193

See entry 0146.

0169 Hosie, Bernard P. 1982 First Evaluation: OPerational Procrram Grant USAID/879-0251-G-00-1012-00, Women's Ring of Friendship, Republic of Kiribati: Period, october 14, 1981 - July 31, 1982. New York, NY, USA: FPSP. 35pp. UHjHAML PaccjHN 938 .3 .Z9 C67 1982

See entry 0014.

0170 Ifeka, caroline 1989 Women in Fisheries. Why Women Count: Prospects for Self-Reliant Fisheries Development in the South Pacific Compared to the Indian ocean. In Development and Change in the Pacific Islands, edited by A.D. Couper, 89-114. UHjHAML PaccjHD 9468 .032 048 1989

Ifeka corrparatively analyzes women's significant contributions to fisheries production (subsistence and cormnerical) in Kiribati and the Maldives. She discusses I -Kiribati women's contributions in tenus of "productive labor" and "distributive labor". Ifeka first reviews I -Kiribati fishing in subsistence and diversified economy contexts. She then describes traditional I -Kiribati fishing teclmiques and fish processing (dry salting, wet salting, and smoking) . Ifeka concludes that "supportive" development programs may benefit Kiribati's fisherfolk more than those of the Maldives. 0171 1986 Report on Women and Fish Processing in the South Pacific with Special Reference to Kiribati and Tuvalu. canberra, Australia: ADAB. ** **

0172 Schoeffel, Penelope 1984 The Fisheries of the South Pacific: Strategies to Assist the Participation of Women in Fish Marketing, Small-Scale Aquaculture and Fish Processing, Regional SUInrnary, Kiribati. canberra, Australia: ADAB. ?pp. ** **

MARSHALL ISLANDS

0173 Fleming, Sue 1987 Socio-Economic statistics on Women: Five case Studies in the Pacific. SPC Technical Paper no 193. Noumea, New caledonia: SPC. 85pp. UH/HAML Pacc/OOl.S586 no. 189-193

See entry 0146.

PAPUA NEW GUINEA

0174 Apan, Margaret 1982 Gavien Women's Development Club: a case Study of Rural Women's Participation in Development. In From Rhetoric to Reality?, edited by Peter King, Wendy Lee, and Vincent Warakai, 156-157. Port Moresby, PNG: UPNG Press. UH/HAML Pacc/OO 740 .A2 W252 1982

See entry 0016. 0175 Bonnell, SUsan 1982 Equal Participation by Women: the Role of Women's Coilllcils at National and Provincial Level. In From Rhetoric to Reality?, edited by Peter King, Wendy Lee, and vincent Warakai, 51-57. Port Moresby, PNG: UPNG Press. UHjHAML Pacc/IXJ 740 .A2 W252 1982

See entry 0017.

0176 Brown, Bungtabu 1989 Address by Mrs Bungtabu Brown, President, National COilllcil of Women, Papua New Guinea, on the Theme 'Pacific Women: Challenge to Change'. In Fourth Regional Conference on Pacific Women (Suva, Fiji, 17-23 September, 1988): Report, edited by SPC, 123-125. Nournea, New caledonia: SPC. UH/HAML Pacc/HQ 1865 .6 .R43 1988

Bungtabu reports on similar wants of Pacific women and on the social consequences of the "often, too fast" changes taking place in PNG. In pep talk style, Bungtabu urges women to take leadership positions; their "challenge is to gain equality without intimidating or threatening men".

0177 Dickerson-Putman, Jeanette 1986 Women's Contribution to the Domestic and National Economy of Papua New Guinea. UC San Diego Melanesian Manuscript series no 99, item 2. PaPer presented at an American Anthropological Association annual meeting, Philadelphia, PA, USA. 11pp. UHjHAML Microfiche D70015 no. 0099 item 2

Dickerson-Putman writes a description of Kogaro prcxiucer-marketer Peasants in Eastern Highlands Province. She reports on how market earnings contribute to annual household incomes and states that development of women Peasant marketing activities could support PNG national economic growth. 0178 1984? A study in Development: the Bena Bena Women's Development Corporation. UC San Diego Melanesian Manuscript series no 99, item 1. LaJolla, CA, USA: Melanesian Research center, UC San Diego. 11pp. UH/HAML Microfiche 070015 no. 0099 item 1

See entry 0018.

0179 Fahey, Stephanie 1986 Development, Labour Relations and Gender in Papua New Guinea. Mankind 16 (2): 118-131.

Fahey takes a Marxist feminist anthropological approach to analyze the shift from subsistence to corrnnodity production in Siar, a peri-urban village. She remarks that market production has induced a change in divison of labor and population distribution. Fahey asserts that neither siar nor likely anywhere else in PNG maintains a subsistence economy. She concludes that women have become "doubly subordinated: to capital and to men".

0180 1985 Producers or Consumers? Women's Entry into the cash Economy in Madang, Papua New Guinea. In Women in Development in the South Pacific: Barriers and Opportunities; Papers Presented at a Conference Held in Vanuatu From 11 to 14 August 1984, edited by DSC, AND, 137-155. canberra, Australia: DSC, AND. UHjHAML PaccjHQ 1865 .6 .W66 1985

Fahey reports that the woman's role in the cash economy is that of a consumer. She writes that the traditional gender-based labor division of men as productive laborers and women as non-productive, "uncompensated" laborers "has become more pronounced" since Western contact. She states that "women's dePendence on men is increasing". Fahey's focus is on Madang women's involvement in the cash economy during pre-colonial, colonial, and conterrporary times; she remarks that the degree of women's involvement differs across the Madang region. Fahey stresses that owing to the "long history" of women's challenges in Participating in the cash economy, those challenges cannot easily be overcome by "a few general policies intended to change the individual's attitude". See also entry 0092. 0181 Feinberg, Richard 1986 Market Economy and Changing Sex-Roles on a Polynesian Atoll. Ethnology 25 (4): 271-282.

Feinberg examines socia-historic and envirornnental factors which have incited changes in gender-based roles on Nukurnanu Atoll. He writes about roles relating to subsistence production and division of labor in pre-Western contact times. He also surranarizes the three periods of Western contact and subsequent socio-economic changes in Nukurnanu. Feinberg illustrates Nukurnanu roles and status as sexually differentiated and mentions gender based tensions. He further conunents on areas in which women have lost their powers of influence as well as areas to which women now connnit themselves. Feinberg concludes that "despite the maintenance of traditional symbolic constructs... women's positions in Nukurnanu society appears to have declined over the past centw:y".

0182 Goodman, Raymond, Charles I.epani and David Morawetz 1987 Role of Women. In The Economy of Papua New Guinea: an Independent Review, edited by Raymond Goodman, Charles I.epani, and David Morawetz, 183-188. canberra, Australia: USC, AND. UH/HAML Pace/HC 683 .5 .G66 1985

The authors state that the PNG Goverrnnent rec

This gove:rnment paper doct.nnents existing legislation relating to employment conditions of PNG women. It gives examples of increased rights and reviews areas of continued inadequacy in the law. The paper discusses these specific provisions: the Employment Act of 1978, the Public service Act of 1976, the Public Service (Female Officiers) Act of 1982, the Industrial Relations Act, the Public Service conciliation and Arbitration Act, and the Medical services Act of 1965.

0184 Johnson, Patricia Lyons 1988 Women and Development: a Highland New Guinea Example. Human Ecology 16 (2): 105-122.

Johnson statistically analyzes Gaing women's participation in coffee production in Madang Province. Her thesis is that, although they are unpaid laborers, women's contribution to corrnnerical coffee outputs makes them significantly productive. Variables in her analysis, which compares data from 1978 and 1983, include migration, age, and number of resident wives and nonwives.

0185 Kekedo, Rose 1982 The Role of the Department of Corrnnunity and Family services in Women's Advancement. In From Rhetoric to Reality?, edited by Peter King, Wendy Lee, and Vincent Warakai, 32-37. Port Moresby, PNG: UPNG Press. UH/HAML Pacc/IU 740 .A2 W252 1982

Kekedo traces women's programs in PNG from the Department of Native Affairs/Office of infonnation's early joint programs in the 1950s-70s to the Department of Corrnnunity and Family Service's programs since the mid-1970s. She discusses difficulties challenging community development officers and eight roles of the Department of Community and Family services. In her epilogue, Kekedo critically reports on the nature of the Women's services Division recent transfer to the newly expanded Prime Minister's Office of Youth, Women, Religion, and Recreation.

0186 Meleisea, Penelope Schoeffel 1982 Women's Clubs and the Sexual Division of Labour in East New Britain and Western Samoa: Development or Marginalisation? In From Rhetoric to Reality?, edited by Peter King, Wendy lee, and Vincent Warakai, 66-73. Port Moresby, PNG: UPNG Press. UHjHAML Pacc/I:U 740 .A2 W252 1982

'!his is a su:rrmary of her later and lengthier publication, Women's Assocations in the Rural Economy of the South Pacific: case Studies From Western Samoa and East New Britain Province, Papua New Guinea. See entry 0021.

0187 Morauta, IDuise 1985 Women in Households in Papua New Guinea. In Women in Development in the South Pacific: Barriers and Opportunities; Papers Presented at a Conference Held in Vanuatu From 11 to 14 August 1984, edited by USC, AND, 105-122. canberra, Australia: USC, AND. UH/HAML Pacc/HQ 1865 .6 .W66 1985

Morauta comparatively analyzes rural and urban household production, decision naking, consumption, and kinship exchange. She then makes policy recormnendations for improving the perfonnance of development assistance for women by focusing on households. See also entry 0092.

0188 Nagari, Yasap 1982 Women, Education and Development. In From Rhetoric to Reality?, edited by Peter King, Wendy lee, and vincent Warakai, 115-120. Port Moresby, PNG: UPNG Press. UHjHAML Pacc/I:U 740 .A2 W252 1982

Nagari writes that "to educate a woman is to educate a nation". '!he author identifies rural women's traditional roles and discusses how urbanization has changed those roles. Nagari remarks that women traditionally were the main economic producers whereas, with urbanization, men have become the main economic producers. Nagari cites lack of education as the primary reason for women \s current challenges, which in turn affect the welfare of children, and hence the future development of the nation. Nagari ultimately declares that women's education is crucial for their liberation.

0189 Nakikus, Margaret 1985 '!he Impact of land Resettlement Schemes on Women in Papua New Guinea. In Women in Development in the South Pacific: Barriers and Opportunites; Papers Presented at a Conference Held in Vanuatu From 11 to 14 August 1984, edited by DSC, AND, 123-136. Canberra, Australia: DSC, AND. UHjHAML Pace/HQ 1865 .6 .W66 1985

Nakikus relates the history of agricultural resettlement projects and discusses the socio-economic impact of those projects on women. In particular, Nakikus writes about women in terms of their land ownership, financial independence, agricultural labor, available health services, nutritional status, education, and social concerns such as alcoholism. Nakikus uses comparative examples of land resettlements. She advises that future planners consider women's "social needs" and economic roles.

0190 1982 Planning for Women's Advancement in Papua New Guinea. In From Rhetoric to Reality?, edited by Peter King, Wendy lee, and Vincent Warakai, 38-50. Port Moresby, PNG: UPNG Press. UH/HAML Pace/ill 740 .A2 W252 1982

Nakikus states the 1976 National Development Strategy did not elevate women's participation in the national development process. She reports that specific attention was paid to women's roles in development through the 1977 National Public Expenditure Plan, followed by the Envirornnental Planning Act of 1978, . Nakikus briefly discusses the level of participation of women in politics, education, employment, health, and household responsibilities. In conclusion, she states that a clear policy about PNG women is needed. Nakikus believes that it is through women's equal opportunity to undertake traditionally male activities that women's status will improve. 0191 Ogi, H. Papi 1982 Women in Rural Development: an Ancedotal Aceount From the East Sepik Province. In From Rhetoric to Reality?, edited by Peter King, Wendy Lee, and Vincent Warakai, 148-155. Port Moresby, FNG: UPNG Press. UHjHAML Pacelli 740 .A2 W252 1982

Ogi writes that, although women have traditionally been active particiPants in development, they have not often been able to enjoy the benefits. Ogi explores a variety of reasons which may account for women's limited successful, active involvement in national economic planning and development. Ogi cites agricultural training for women as a priority need. The author believes that a women's network might help solve the various difficulties women face.

0192 Rogers, Barbara 1982 Women's PersPective on Development. In From Rhetoric to Reality?, edited by Peter King, Wendy Lee, and Vincent Warakai, 172-177. Port Moresby, FNG: UPNG Press'. UH/HAML Pacelli 740 .A2 W252 1982

Rogers deals jointly with the concepts of feminism and development. She states that women's roles must be seen as socio-economically central in order for balanced, sex-based participation in development. Rogers asserts that women have been historical1y disadvantaged by traditional political power, anthropologists' misconceptions of women's roles and status, colonization, and "the cycle of dePendence" . Rogers makes suggestions involving needed research, surplus agricultural production, integrated projects, networking, rural development as priority, and foreign aid.

0193 Sarnana, Fungke Z. 1986 Subsistence Agriculture in Papua New Guinea. In Development in the Pacific: What Women Say, edited by ACOA, 27-35. ACOA Development Dossier no 18. Canberra, Australia: ACOA. UHjHAML Pace/HQ 1865 .6 .048 1986

See entry 0195. 0194 1986 Subsistence Agriculture in Papua New Guinea: Future Development for Women. Development Dossier 18: 27-35. **

0195 1982 Women in Subsistence Agriculture. In From Rhetoric to Reality?, edited by Peter King, Wendy lee, and vincent Warakai, 158-161. Port Moresby, PNG: UPNG Press. UH/HAML Pace/ill 740 .A2 W252 1982

Saroana looks at how women's traditional duties have changed and how those changes are reflected in subsistence agriculture practices. Samana also discusses current problems experienced by women subsistence fanners. In conclusion, the author proposes priority policies concerning women subsistence fanners.

0196 Schoeffel, Penelope 1983 Women's Associations in the Rural Economy of the South Pacific: case Studies From Western Samoa and East New Britain Province, Papua New Guinea. Noumea, New caledonia: SPC. 48pp. UHjHAML Pace/HQ 1868 .7 .S36 1983

See entry 0021.

0197 Schoeffel, Penelope and Judith Fisher 1982 Women and Development in East Sepik Province, PNG. North Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia: WDNA. 6pp. USP Pac HQ 1866 .5 .S36 **

0198 Seddon, Sally Bruce 1983 Economic Activities of Women in the Oksapmin Subdistrict, West Sepik Province. Port Moresby, PNG: Education Research Unit, UPNG. 34pp. UHjHAML PacejHD 6220 .5 .Z6 W47 1983

See entry 0022. 0199 Sexton, lorraine D..1sak 1988 Review of Mothers of Money, Dauqhters of Coffee: the Wok Meri Movement by Paula Brown. American Ethnologist 15 (4): 792-793.

0200 1987 Review of Mothers of Money, Daughters of Coffee: the Wok Meri Movement by Ben R. Finney. American Anthrooologist 89, no (1): 174-175.

0201 1987 Review of Mothers of Money, Daughters of Coffee: the Wok Meri Movement by Marilyn Strathern. Man 22 (2): 380-381.

0202 1987 Review of Mothers of Money, Daughters of Coffee: the Wok Meri Movement by Andrew Strathern. oceania 58 (1): 77.

0203 1986 Mothers of Money, Daughters of Coffee: the Wok Meri Movement. Ann Arbor, MI, USA: UMI Research Press. 179pp. UHjHAML Paoc/GN 671 .N5 S48 1986

See entry 0027.

0204 1983 Little Women and Big Men in Business: a Gorokan Development Project and Social stratification. oceania 54 (2): 133-150.

See entry 0028.

0205 1982 CUstomary and Corporate Models for Women's Development Organizations. IASER Discussion Paper no 41. Baroko, PNG: PNG IASER. 73pp. UHjHAML PaocjHN932 .A4 no. 41

See entry 0029. 0206 Strathern, Marilyn 1984 Subject or Object? Women and the circulation of Valuables in Highlands New Guinea in Women and Property - Women as Property, by Renee Hirschon et al. London, England: Croom Helm. ** **

0207 Stratigos, S. and Philip J. Hughes, eds 1987 '!he Ethics of Development: Women as Unequal Partners in Development. Port Moresby, PNG: UPNG Press. 177pp. UHjHAML Pacc/HQ 1866 .5 .W35 1986 **

0208 Tololo, Nerrie 1984 Organisations and Services for Rural Women in Papua New Guinea. In Women r Aid & Development: Prcx:::eedings of a Workshop, edited by Lyn Melville, 112-115. Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia: WDNA with ADAB. UH/HAML Pacc/HQ 1870 .9 .W67 1983

Tololo reports the history of scx:::ial services for PNG women, beginning in 1974 with the establishment of the Women's Advisor to the Chief Minister and the later founding of the the NCW in 1975. Tololo writes about the inadequacy of services available to rural women and lists PNG NGOs assisting women in learning skills and providing scx:::io-political awareness. Tololo states that a lack of goverrnnent funding to services further widens the urban-rural gap.

0209 Warry, Wayne 1986 Kafaina: Female-Wealth and Power in Chuave, Papua New Guinea. Oceania 57, no 1: 4-21.

See entry 0031. SOLOMON ISLANDS

0210 Betu, Willie 1982 village Women's Interest Program. In Progress Report of Activities, USAID!ASIA-G-492-1650, Integrated Rural Development Program, Solomon Islands, First Quarter of 'Third Year, April 1 - June 30, 1982, by Willie Betu, 10-16. New York, NY, USA: FPSP. UHjHAML PaccjHN 933 .Z9 C63

See enb:y 0032.

0211 1982 Village Women's Interest Programs. In Progress Report of Activities USAID!ASIA-G-492-1650, Integrated Rural Development Program, Solomon Islands, January 1, 1982 'Through March 31, 1982, by Willie Betu, 9-17. New York, NY, USA: FPSP. UHjHAML PaccjHN 933 . Z9 C63

See entry 0033.

0212 1982 Village Women's Interest Program. In PrQClYess Report of Activities, USAID!ASIA G 492-1620, Integrated Rural Development Program, Solomon Islands, october 1, 1981 through December 31, 1981, by Willie Betu, 3-8. New York, NY, USA: FPSP. UH/HAML PaccjHN 933 •Z9 C63

See enb:y 0034.

0213 Fleming, Sue 1987 Socio-Economic statistics on Women: Five case studies in the Pacific. SPC Technical Paper no 193. Nournea, New caledonia: SPC. 85pp. UH/HAML Pacc/DU1.S586 no. 189-193

See entry 0146. 0214 Kari, Hilda 1989 Response by Mrs Hilda Kari, President, Solomon Islands National Council of Women, to the Address on 'Women as Decision-Makers'. In Fourth Regional Conference of Pacific Women (Suva, Fiji, 17-23 September, 1988): Reoort, edited by SPC, 169-173. NotnTIea, New caledonia: SPC. UHjHAML PacejHQ 1865 .6 .R43 1988

Kari writes a response to Dr. Morauta's keynote address. She discusses regional solidarity for coping with development situations, decision making for the benefit of the region, incorporating Christian ethics, and the drafting of the Solomon Islands National Women's policy.

0215 Prince, Baden 1982? Village Women's Interest Program. In Progress Report of Activities, USAID/ASIA G 492-1650, Integrated Rural Development Program, Solomon Islands, January 1, 1981 through March 31, 1981, by Baden Prince, 12-19. New York, NY, USA: FPSP. UH/HAML Pace/HN 933 . Z9 C63

See entry 0035.

TONGA

0216 Afeaki, Emiliana 1987 Women's Progranunes and Development in Tonga: Some Observations. In Pacific Perspectives on Non-Fonnal Education, edited by Michael Crossly, Joseph Sukwainornb, and Sheldon Weeks, 95-106. Suva, Fiji: IPS, UPS and UFNG Press. UH/HAML Pace/LC 45 .8 .U3 P33 1987

Afeaki analyzes the success of training programs offered by the Village Women's Development Program of the catholic Diocese of Tonga, the Home Economics Division of the Tonga Agriculture Development, and the Niuolan Women. She also reviews the establishment, funding, and staffing of these programs. Afeaki concludes that "for genuine development to take place, there is an urgent need for the emphasis on non-fonnal education to go hand in hand with material development". 0217 Fleming, Sue 1987 Socio-Economic Statistics on Women: Five case Studies in the Pacific. SPC Teclmical Paper no 193. Nournea, New caledonia: SPC. 85pp. ~ Pacc/DU1.S586 no. 189-193

See entry 0146.

0218 1983 Women and Waged Employment in the Kingdom of Tonga: a statistical OVerview. 1pp. USP Pac HD 6220 .43 .F6 **

0219 Fleming, Sue and Monalisa Tukuafu 1986 Women's Work and Development in Tonaa. Annidale, NSW, Australia: South Pacific Smallholder Project, University of New England. 92pp. UH/HAML Pacc/HD 2195 .6 .Z9 036 no. 10

Fleming and Tukuafu discuss women's agricultural production roles, examine women's contraints, suggest work incentives, and report on manners in which women obligate their funds earned. The authors also consider roles and problems of women's associations, review women's current development projects in Tonga, and make policy recorrnnendations for increasing women's participation in the rural economy. Fleming and Tukuafu provide statistics, charts and graphs of household composition, time allocation, martial status, location of women's groups, etc.

0220 Gailey, Christine Ward 1987 State, Class and Conversion in Commodity Production: Gender and Changing Value in the Tongan Islands. Journal of the Polynesian Society 96 (1): 67-79.

Gailey reports on pre-European contact Tongan production and discusses how 19th century law codes, tax rents, and commodity production contributed to changes in the traditional production system. Gailey points out that as the definition of 'valuable' changed, so did the definition of women's labor. She concludes that women's labor has been devalued and that women have become marginalized. 0221 Halatuituia, Lasalle, Sela Latu and Mele Moinunoi 1983 Women's Co-operatives in Tonga. Pacific Perspective 11 (2): 13-17.

See entry 0037.

0222 Larcom, Joan Clayton 1987 '!heir Roles as Agricultural Extensionist Agents. Transnational Knowledge utilization Project, ICC, EWC. Honolulu, HI, USA: ICC, EWC. 79pp. ~ PaccjHD 6073 .A292 0238 1987

See entry 0151.

0223 Small, cathy A. 1987 Women's Associations and '!heir Pursuit of Wealth in Tonga: a Study in Social Change. PhD disseration, Temple University. Arm Arbor, MI, USA: UMI Research Press. 493pp. UH/HAML Pacc/HQ 1868 .S63 1987a

See entry 0038.

0224 United Nations Economic and Social commission for Asia and the Pacific 1987 Achievements of the UN Decade for Women in Asia and the Pacific. 282pp. UHIHAML GOVD/ST/FSCAP/434

See entry 0163.

TUVALU

0225 Ifeka, caroline 1986 Report on Women and Fish Processing in the South Pacific with Special Reference to Kiribati and Tuvalu. canberra, Australia: ADAB. ** ** VANUATU

0226 larcom, Joan Clayton 1987 '!heir Roles as Agricultural Extensionist Aqents. Transnational Knowledge utilization Project, ICC, EWC. Honolulu, HI, USA: ICC, EWC. 79pp. UH/HAML PaccjHD 6073 .A292 0238 1987

See entl:y 0151.

0227 Molisa, Grace 1985 Vanuatu Women's Development since Independence. In Women in Development in the South Pacific: Barriers and Opportunities; Papers Presented at a Conference Held in Vanuatu From 11 to 14 AUqust 1984, edited by nsc, AND. canberra, Australia: nsc, AND. UH/HAML Pacc/HQ 1865 .6 .W66 1985

Molisa discusses women' s involvement in local and national Vanuatu politics, churches, NGOs, and government organizations. She stresses that women need "funds without strings". Molisa advocates that "as much as possible the local people must be left alone to decide on and carry out their development in their own way". See also entry 0092.

0228 Philibert, Jean-Marc 1988 Women's Work: a case StUdy of Proletarianization of Peri-Urban Villagers in Vanuatu. oceania 58 (3): 161-175.

Philibert states that the peri-urban setting is a legitimate area in which to study the transgression from rural to urban life. His paper is based on fieldwork done from 1972-83, during which time Philibert studied Erakor women's labor impact, organizations, and migration patterns. In neo­ Marxist tenninology, Philibert concludes that peri-urban Erakor villagers are "walking an ideological tightrope". 0229 smith, Susan J.K. 1984 The Role of Women in Acrriculture and Rural Development in Vanuatu, South Pacific. This report was prepared for the FAO. 35pp. USP Pac lID 6073 .A292 V38 **

0230 united Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific 1987 Achievements of the UN Decade for Women in Asia and the Pacific. Bangkok, Thailand: UN FSCAP. 282pp. UH/HAML GOVD/ST/FSCAP/434

See entry 0163.

WALLIS AND FUTUNA

0231 Beccalossi, Marie-elaire 1983 Territoire des lIes Wallis: Rapport de Visite (Territory of the Wallis Islands: Report of visit, in French). Nournea, New caledonia: SPC. 5pp. UH/HAML Microfiche D00248 **

WESTERN SAMOA

0232 larcom, Joan Clayton 1987 Their Roles as Agricultural Extensionist Agents. Transnational Knowledge Utilization Project, ICC, EWC. Honolulu, HI, USA: ICC, EWC. 79pp. ~ Pacc!HD 6073 .A292 0238 1987

See entry 0151. 0233 Schoeffel, Penelope 1983 Women's Associations in the Rural Econornv of the South Pacific: case Studies from Western Samoa and East New Britain Province, Papua New Guinea. Nomnea, New caledonia: SPC. 48pp. UHjHAML PaccjHQ 1868 .7 .S36 1983

See entry 0021.

0234 Thomas, Pamela 1986 Women and Development: a 'TWo-Edged SWord in Development in the Pacific: What Women Say, edited by AOJA, 1-17. AOJA Development Ibssier no 18. canberra, Australia: AOJA. UHjHAML PaccjHQ 1865 .6 .048 1986

See entry 0393.

0235 Thomas, Pam and Nomnea simi 1983 The New Samoan Businesswoman. Pacific Perspective 11 (2): 5-12.

Thomas and Simi review traditional roles of Pacific women. Specifically, they discuss how those roles relate to economic productivity. Thomas and simi remark that Western Samoan women exemplify the increasingly significant, though small scale, economic roles Pacific women play in their national economies. The authors discuss influences of missionaries and the cash economy, the establishment of women's organizations, the concept of target production, rural and urban business projects, and other related income generation prospects. They conclude that information connnunication, especially for rural women, is essential to support growth of women's economic contributions.

0236 United Nations Economic and Social Corrnnission for Asia and the Pacific 1987 Achievements of the UN Decade for Women in Asia and the Pacific. 282pp. UHjHAML GOVD/ST/ESCAP/434

See entry 0163. EDUCATION & TRAINING

REGIONAL

0237 Asian-South Pacific Bureau of Adult Education 1985 Nonfonnal Vocational Training. Asia-South Pacific Bureau of Adult Education courier (34): 58?

** This article may be available by writing to the Editor, ASPBAE Courier, ANU, GFO 1225, canberra 2601, Australia.

0238 1985 Reaching and Helping Unorganized and Disadvantaged People. Asian-South Pacific Bureau of Adult Education courier (33): 83?

** This article may be available by writing to the Editor, ASPBAE Courier, ANU, GFO 1225, canberra 2601, Australia.

0239 1984 Asian-South Pacific Bureau of Adult Education. Asian-South Pacific Bureau of Adult Education courier (32): 92?

** This article may be available by writing to the Editor, ASPBAE Courier, ANU, GFO 1225, canberra 2601, Australia.

0240 1982 Aspects of Nonfonnal Education in the Pacific Region. Asian-South Pacific Bureau of Adult Education Courier (24): 1-88?

** This article may be available by writing to the Editor, ASPBAE Courier, ANU, GFO 1225, canberra 2601, Australia.

0241 Crocombe, Marjorie Tuainekore 1983 Women at the University of the South Pacific. Pacific Perspective 11 (2): 24-28.

Crocombe surrnnarizes women' s involvement in these USP activities: the Womens Reference Group, Womens Progrannne Officer, Nuclear Free Pacific, Pacific Information Network, Continuing Education/Extension Se:rvices, Pre-School Teachers Regional Workshop, research, administration, policy making, and staff. Croc:ombe remarks that women's participation at the USP is minilnal. She makes recommendations addressing issues of research, publication, courses offered, policy making, training, and establishment of centers for information networking and development.

0242 King, Lili 1989 Address by Mrs King, Principal, Corrnnunity Education Training centre (CEI'C). In Fourth Regional Conference of Pacific Women (Suva, Fiji, 17-23 September, 1988): Report, edited by SPC, 117-12l. Noumea, New caledonia: SPC. UH/HAML PaccjHQ 1865 .6 .R43 1988

King reports on the 1983 evaluation of the Corrnnunity Education Programme made by Claire Slatter. King writes that the evaluation incited a revised curriculum designed in 1984. She describes and justifies the CEI'C's training philosophy, programs, tenn length, training review, and student applicant criteria for enrollment. King also discusses funding, new health curriculum being designed, instru.ctor freedom in teaching, and building limitations such as classrooms and donns. King advocates restru.cturing existing course curriculum rather than expanding the CEI'C program. She also supports training husband-wife teams as corrnnunity workers.

0243 Rokotuivuna, Amelia 1988 Working with Women: a Community Development Handbook for Pacific Women. Noumea, New caledonia: SPC. 87pp. UHIHAML 00 1 .S6883 no. 29

See entry 0117. 0244 Schoeffel, Penelope 1986 '!he Rice Pudding Syndrome: Women's Advancement and Home Economics Training in the South Pacific. In Development in the Pacific: What Women Say, edited by AOOA, 36-44. AOOA Development Dossier no 18. canberra, Australia: AOOA. UH/HAML Pacc/HQ 1865 .6 .048 1986

Schoeffel critically examines the appropriateness of an "Eurocentric", consUIt'ption, and urban biased home economics curriculum as is offered by South Pacific connnunity development offices. She also describes the USP degree in Home Economics. Schoeffel discusses dnnn ovens, reliance on imported processed foods, and overseas aid delivered as imported foods. She further discusses the nutritional value of imported versus traditional diets, the role of cash cropping, training materialS, and ramifications of gender-based roles.

0245 South Pacific Commission 1988 Resource Kit for Pacific Women. Nournea, New caledonia: SPC. 386pp. UH/HAML Pacc/HQ 1391 .03 R47 1988

See entry 0046.

0246 1983 Community Education Training Centre: CUrriculum Guidelines. Noumea, New caledonia: SPC. 43pp. UH/HAML Microfiche 000386

'!his guidebook summarizes the functions of the CEI'C as well as defining the purpose, order of progression, rationale, methods, teaching staff, and content of courses. In addition, it gives a general syllabus for each training course offered by the CEI'C.

0247 Sue, Mee Kwain 1983 Community Education Training Centre. Pacific Perspective 11 (2): 62-64

Sue provides infonnation about the establishment, purpose, functions, staff, and graduates of the SPC's CEI'C. She describes the CEI'C's training methods and the function of the Mobile Connnunity Education Training Unit. Sue also discusses limitations of the CE'IC, that is, staff size, staff training, and. facility size. In addition, Sue reports a CE'IC evaluation underway at the time of the article's writing.

0248 Tagoilelagi, Iole 1983 '!he Pacific Pre-Schools. Pacific Perspectives 11 (2): 33-35.

Tagoilelagi writes that European introduced education is a "tidal wave", with traditional education "beginning to drown" in its wake. She also writes that mothers' responsibilities to their children include teaching language (through which cultural ethics are transferred), supervising play, publishing children's stories, making children aware of women's changing roles, preParing children for Parenthood, and. providing children with longtenn examples of proPer sex-based roles. Tagoilelagi remarks that "to educate a mother is to education a child" . Her writing reflects her Christian perspective.

0249 united Nations Educational, Scientific, and CUltural Organization, Principle Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific 1987 A Framework for Improvement of Educational and Vocational Guidance Services for and. Women in Asia and. the Pacific. Bangkok, 'Ihailand.: Principal Regional Office for Asia and. the Pacific, UNESCO. 32pp. UH/HAML GOVDjUNFSOO F 843

'!his publication is the result of an educational services and. vocational guidance workshop held in 1986 sponsored by UNFSOO, the Australian Commonwealth Schools Commission, and ADAB. Chapter one summarizes general findings of the state of educational services in the Asia and. Pacific regions in relation to identified problem areas of female stUdents, chapter two deals SPeCifically with Australian educational services for females, and chapters three and. four identify areas in which educational services need improvement, offer program guidelines on how to meet the various needs, suggest government agencies and. other parties which should take responsibility for meeting those needs, and lists resources needed to meet those needs. In the appendix, the report surmnarizes relevant education projects underway in Fiji, PNG, Tonga, and Western Samoa.

0250 Wendt, Neva 1989 Address by Ms Neva Wendt (Environmental Education Officer, South Pacific Regional Environment Progrannne) to the Workshop on the Role of Women's o:rganisations in Environmental Education. In Fourth Regional Conference of Pacific Women (Suva, Fiji, 17-23 September, 1988): Report, edited by SPC, 183-186. Noumea, New caledonia: SPC. UH/HAML Pacc/HQ 1865 .6 .R43 1988

Wendt describes "women as environmental educators". She writes that mothers have the ability to instill environmental values in their children and women's groups have the ability to promote environmental awareness. Wendt discusses eight major environmental issues which are documented in video, slide, and other formats at the SPC.

0251 World Young Women's Christian Association? 1984 Your Club Money: Guidelines for a Simple Finance Workshop, a Report from a Ten Day Workshop on Financial Management, 1984. Paper presented at the World YWCA conference, 14-24 February 1984, Honiara, Solomon Islands. ** **

AMERICAN SAMOA

0252 Achika, Faau'uga I..utu 1989 Address by Ms Faau'uga I..utu Achika on the Theme 'Women in Education'. In Fourth Regional Conference of Pacific Women (SUVa, Fiji, 17-23 September, 1988): Report, edited by SPC, 191-194. Noumea, New caledonia: SPC. UH/HAML Pacc/HQ 1865 .6 .R43 1988

Achika describes her own education, in American Samoa and abroad, and her term as head of the Nursing School for American Samoa.. She reviews the difficulties she encoillltered in designing and running the nursing program, meeting peoples' demands, and intrcxiucing changes. Achika writes about her involvement in the Registered Nurse Progrannne, the establishment of the Nursing degree at the Community COllege, adult continuing education, and literacy programs. She advocates mother's financially planning their children's education.

0253 Choroszy, Melisa, Stephen Powers, Brent A. Cool, and Peggy Douglas 1987 Attributions for Success and Failure in Algebra Among Men and Women Attending American Samoa. Community COllege. Psychological Reports 60 (1): 47-51.

The authors identify American Samoan students' Perceived attributes for success and failure in learning algebra. Choroszy, Powers, Cool, and Douglas first briefly compare American Samoan and American students' declared attributions. The authors focus on analyzing American Samoan Connnunity College students' attributions for self-Performance and examining how those attributions relate to one another. In their discussion, the researchers conclude that attributions for performance in algebra are not gender-based, but are related to personal endeavor and to a "conducive environment".

FEDERATED STATES OF MICRONESIA

0254 Harui-Walsh, Eulalia 1985 status and Roles of Island Women in the Context of CUltural Change in Ulithi. MA thesis, UOG. 87pp. UH/HAML Pacc/HQ 1865 .7 .Z8 C37 1985a

See entry 0306. FIJI

0255 Kamikamica, Esiteri 1985 Problems of Women's . In Women in Development in the South Pacific: Barriers and Opportunities; Papers Presented at a Conference Held in Vanuatu From 11 to 14 August 1984, edited by a3C, ANU, 71-87. canberra, Australia: mc, ANU. UHjHAML PaccjHQ 1865 .6 .W66 1985

Kamikamica describes the history, access to, and general nature of all levels of education. She reviews critical opinions of curriculum. and discusses religiously founded schools, traditional Fijian education, non-fonnal continuing adult education, and NCW workshops. Kamikamica identifies education programs directed by the Women's Interest Programme, the Ministry of Education, and other goverrnnent offices with education projects focusing on women. She writes that "the real issue in education, be it fonnal or non-fonnal, is the lack of female representation in the various professions". See also entry 0092.

0256 Kroon, Marjan 1985 Fiji: Training Women for Income-Generation. Training for Agriculture and Rural Development: 53-60.

Kroon lists the activities of the Women's Interest Programme (WIP) as they were under the auspicies of the Fiji Ministry of Rural Development. She describes WIP workshops on income generation and saving as well as stressing the importance of interdepartmental goverrnnent planning for women. Kroon also reports on the domestic skills training provided through the Mulitcraft Programme, a project of the Fiji Ministry of Education. Kroon identifies the limited expertise of the staff and the narrow­ mindedness of domestic skills training as two problems of the WIP. 0257 Iateef, Shireen 1986 " ...Because '!hey Have Nice Unifonns": the career Aspirations of Indian Schoolgirls in Suva, Fiji. In Development in the Pacific: What Women Say, edited by AOJA, 45-57. Development Dossier no 18. canberra, Australia: AOJA. UH/HAML PaccjHQ 1865 .6 .048 1986

See entry 0152.

0258 Volo, Sisilia 1983 Fijian Parents Aspirations for '!heir Daughters. Pacific Perspective 11 (2): 29-32.

See entry 0165.

GUAM

0259 Aguon, Pacita Cruz 1988 careers of Men and Women in Educational Administration in the Guam Public School System. EdD dissertation, University of Oregon. Ann Arbor, MI, USA: UMI. 98pp. UH/HAML Pacc/LB 2831 .924 .G83 A48 1988a

In her statistical profile and analysis of public school administrators on Guam, Aguon makes gender and ethnicity based comparisons of personal, educational, and professional experiences as well as representation in the public school system. For example, Aguon writes that, unlike the disporportionately low representation of women administrators in the US, the overall picture in Guam shows that there is an equal gender distribution among public school administrators. In fact, she asserts that Charnorro women's traditionally higher status may explain the difference between the higher incidence of Chamorro women administrators than their American women counterparts. In her closing remarks, Aguon discusses at length the reasons Charnorro women do not easily identify with American feminists. SPeCifically, Aguon remarks that Chamorro women traditionally had, and continue to have, power and prestige that American women have not had. PAPUA NEW GUINEA

0260 Johnson, Dianne D. 1982 Women, Education and Bureaucratic leadership. In From Rhetoric to Reality?, edited by Peter King, Wendy Lee, and vincent Warakai, 121-133. Port Moresby, PNG: UPNG Press. UHjHAML Pacc/IXJ 740 .A2 W252 1982

Johnson assesses the relationship between education and the participation of women in higher government positions. She looks specifically at why relatively few women hold higher government positions and how those few obtained such positions. Johnson states that traditional attitudes, leftover colonial policies, and absence of affinnative action on the part of the national government all contribute to women's inadequate access to education. She further detennmes that women in higher government positions generally have tertiary education, are from coastal regions, are acquainted with Western concepts, corne from privileged families, have schooled in Australia, and married men they met at UPNG. In the appendix, Johnson lists names and positions of women in higher government.

0261 Manurnanua, Angela 1982 Training Women for Business Activities. In From Rhetoric to Reality?, edited by Peter King, Wendy Lee, and vincent Warakai, 139-143. Port Moresby, PNG: UPNG Press. UH/HAML Pacc/IXJ 740 .A2 W252 1982

Manurnanua briefly recounts the history of the Department of Industrial Development from its beginning in 1949, focusing on its contribution to women's increased participation in development. Specifically, Manumanua reports on the Department's achievements, problems, and uncertain future in training women in business through the Ialoki College, Women's Project Section, and women business development officers. 0262 Martin, Naomi 1982 Women's Education and Social Change. In From Rhetoric to Reality?, edited by Peter King, Wendy Lee, and vincent Warakai, 107-114. Port Moresby, PNG: UPNG Press. UHjHAML Pacc/IXJ 740 .A2 W252 1982

Martin analyzes how traditional structures influence women's access to education. She sl.IltU11arizes patrilineal and matrilineal systems as they relate to women's roles and traditional education. Martin includes discussion of the advent of Western education, women's increased participation in education since independence, and the concept of appropriate education for women. Martin emphasizes that women are historically oppressed and that research "scientific and feminist in its approach" needs to be done to elevate the status of women.

0263 Nagari, Yasap 1982 Women, education and development. In From Rhetoric to Reality?, edited by Peter King, Wendy Lee, and vincent Warakai, 115-120. Port Moresby, PNG: UPNG Press. UHjHAML Pacc/IXJ 740 .A2 W252 1982

See encry 0188.

0264 United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural organization Asia, Principle Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific, Programme of Educational Innovation for Development 1987 Universal PrinJary Education for Girls: Papua New Guinea. Bangkok, Thailand: Principal Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific, UNESCO. 79pp. UHIHAML GOVDjUNFSCO Un3/17 P19

UNESCO presents data and analyses for factors affecting Universal Primary Education, low female enrollment and retention rates, and reasons for these low rates as PerceiVed by corrnnunity members, teachers, officals, dropouts, and Parents of dropouts. Following are profiles of dropouts based on spatial, academic Perfonnance, and behavioral/ attitudal factors. This report includes descriptions of PNG Goverrunent education programs and outlines strategies to deal with SPeCific problems which discourage increased participation of females in education. To help speed. mG's efforts to achieve Universal Primary Education, the authors recommend a strategy of "disproportionately" allocating funds to promote primary education and girls enrollment therein.

0265 Weeks, Sheldon 1982 Progress in Promoting Equality of Educational Opportunity for Women. In From Rhetoric to Reality?, edited by Peter King, Wendy lee, and vincent Warakai, 92-106. Port Moresby, mG: UfNG Press. UHjHAML Pacc/IU 740 .A2 W252 1982

Weeks concisely examines female school enrollment trends during the 1970s. Furthennore, Weeks translates those trends into a statistically based analysis of education policies. He SPeCifically looks at comparative data on girls in primary and secondary school. Weeks concludes that although educational opportunities have improved for females, policies fostering that improvement need to be implemented.

0266 Yeoman, Lyn 1985 Universal Primary Education: Factors Affecting the Enrollment and Retention of Girls in Papua New Guinea connmmity Schools: for Presentation at the UNESCD Regional Review Meeting, Bangkok, 'Thailand November 1985. Port Moresby, mG: Evaluation Unit, Department of Education, Government of mG. 60pp. UHjHAML Pacc/IC 2571 . P35 Y46 1985

Yeoman reports that although there has been a rise in female enrollment percentages at the primary education level, this increased participation has not been evenly distributed throughout mG. Yeoman suggests a correlation between poor infrastructure and lower primary school enrollment and retention rates. 'The author also stresses that the attitudes of parents and girls about women's roles and status as well as the teachers abilities are important factors in the enrollment retention of girls on the primary level. Yeoman lists five SPeCific target areas on which planners should focus. He also describes the history and system of mG primary education. Finally, Yeoman details current education IX>licies and projects addressing the forementioned issues. Although this document has just a very short segment dealing specifically with women, it is base infonnation for the condition of girls' education.

TONGA

0267 Afeaki, Emiliana 1987 Women's Prog:ranunes and Development in Tonga: Some Observations. In Pacific Perspectives on Non-Fonnal Education, edited by Michael Crossly, Joseph Sukwainamb, and Sheldon Weeks, 95-106. Suva, Fiji: IPS, USP and UPNG Press. UH/HAML Pacc/I..C 45 .8 .U3 P33 1987

See entry 0216.

WESTERN SAMOA

0268 MacDonald, Telesia 1983 Early Childhood Education and Parent Education. Pacific Perspective 11 (2): 36-39.

McDonald reviews the established function of the Western Samoa Preschool Association. Focusing on roles women play in early childhood education, she remarks that extended family traditionally playa large role in children's education, discusses ways urbanization and migration affect children, and suggests alternative domestic sUPIX>rt be made available to women. McDonald makes recorrnnendations encouraging an integrated approach to women, children, and services (health and education). She SUPIX>rts the concept that children's education be the resIX>nsibility of women's groups financially sUPIX>rted by goverrnnent. McDonald sees early childhood and parent education as of dual value. FEMINISM & FEMINIST SCHOLARSHIP

REGIONAL

0269 Lini, Hilda 1983 Pacific Feminism: the Pacific Women's Resource Bureau Viewpoint. Nomnea, New caledonia?: SPC? 5pp. UH/HAML Microfiche D00327

Lini asserts that the Western term \ feminism' is little used in the Pacific. Lini approaches Pacific concepts of feminism through an explanation of women's programs. In particular, she gives background infonnation about the Pacific Women's Resource Bureau; that is, its establislnnent, financial support, training programs, seminars, statistical collections, and areas of interest.

0270 O'Brien, Denise and Sharon W. Tiffany, eds 1987 Review of Rethinking Women's Roles; Perspectives from the Pacific by Shirley Lindenbaum. Man 22 (1): 209-210.

0271 1986 Review of Rethinking Women's Roles; Perspectives from the Pacific by Paula Brown Glick. American Anthropologist 88 (4): 996-997.

0272 1986 Review of Rethinking Women's Roles; Perspectives from the Pacific by Deborah Gewertz. American Ethnologist 13 (1): 175-176.

0273 1984 Rethinking Women's Roles: Perspectives from the Pacific. Berkeley, california, USA: UC Press. 237pp. UHjHAML Pacc/GN 668 .R45 1984

The contributing authors analyze Westerners influence on Pacific societies and, in particular, how those Westerners' gender presumptions have affected interpretations of Pacific women's roles and status. From their feminist orientations, the contributing authors reexamine anthropological research about Pacific women, with an emphasis on Melanesian women. Within their feminist analyses, they present new models for understanding Pacific women's roles and status in society. Their overall thesis is that the true roles and status of women have been misunderstood and "underestimated" by researchers. The contributing authors are Marilyn Strathern, Nancy McDowell, Densie O'Brien, Dorothy Ayers Counts, Jill Nash, wrraine Dusak Sexton, Charles W. Fonnan, and James A. Boutiler. The topics covered range from original and reexamined ethnographies of PNG and socio-economic roles of women to alternative fo:nns of power held by Pacific women and experiences of expatriate women in the Solomon Islands.

0274 Strathern, Marilyn 1989 Review of The Gender of Gift: Problems with Women and Problems with Society in Melanesia by M. Kahn. American Ethnologist 16 (3): 587-588.

0275 1988 The Gender of Gift: Problems with Women and Problems with Society in Melanesia. Berkeley, CA, USA: UC Press. 422pp. UHfHAML Pace/DO 490 .S79 1988

strathern writes a theoretical and comparative discourse on feminist and anthropological models used for Melanesian ethnographic research during the past twenty years. She views "analysis as a kind of convenient or controlled fiction". strathern's is a complex illustration and synthesis of the dichotomy of Western analytic frameworks and actual culture studied.

0276 Tiffany, Sharon W. 1985 Paradigms of Power: Feminist Reflections on the Anthrooology of Women in Pacific Island Societies. Women in International Development, MSU Working Paper no 70. Fast lansing, MI, USA: Women in International Development, MSU. 35pp. UH/HAML Pace/GN 663 .T54 1985

Within a feminist framework, Tiffany cites anthropological work with gender components and analyzes their histo:ry of "androcentric" tendencies. Tiffany addresses researchers' presumption that women are "the subordinate, the muted, the Peripheral" group in Pacific conununities, and she suggests that the English language works to promote "androcentric" anthropology. Tiffany states that women's position in society is limited to the "conceptual boundaries" of men's "imposed reality".

FIJI

0277 Knaprnan, Claudia and caroline Ralston 1989 Historical and Patchwork: a Reply to John Young's 'Race and Sex in Fiji Re-visisted'. Journal of Pacific History 24 (2): 221-224.

See entry 0405.

GUAM

0278 Aguon, Pacita Cruz 1988 careers of Men and Women in Educational Administration in the Guam Public School System. EdD disseration, University of Oregon. Arm Arbor, MI, USA: UMI. 98pp. UH/HAML Pace/IE 2831 .924 .G83 A48 1988a

See entry 0259.

0279 Souder-Jaffery, laura Marie Torres 1988 Review of Daughters of the Island: Contemporary Chamorro Women Organizers of Guam by K.E. James. Journal of the Polynesian Society 97 (4): 477-479.

0280 1987 Daughters of the Island: Contemporary Chamorro Women Organizers of Guam. Mangiloa, Guam: MARC, UOG. 259pp. UH/HAML PacejHQ 1866 .S68 1987

See entry 0061. 0281 1985 New Perspectives on the Charnorro Experiences: case studies of Nine contemporary Charnorro Women Organizers. PhD disseration, UH Manoa. 407pp. UHjHAML HawnjAC 1 .H3 no. 1899

See entry 0062.

PAPUA NEW GUINEA

0282 Fahey, Stephanie 1986 Development, Labour Relations and Gender in Papua New Guinea. Mankind 16 (2): 118-131.

See entry 0179. FUTURE RESEARCH

REGIONAL

0283 Goodwille, Diane and Ruth Lechte 1986 Pacific Women Conduct 'Iheir OWn Research. In Development in the Pacific: What Women Say, edited by ACOA, 18-26. ACOA Development Dossier no 18. canberra, Australia: ACOA. UH/HAML Pacc/HQ 1865 .6 .048 1986

Goodwille and Lechte give reasons for doing research in the Islands and they include examples of research done which have had tangible purposes. 'Ihe authors name organizations, governments, and academic institutions which support Pacific research and they report on studies now being made. Goodwillie and I.echte discuss problems of men and foreigners as researchers of Pacific women's problems. 'Ihey suggest research methods and ways to publicize completed research.

0285 Slatter, Claire 1984 Women's Roles in South Pacific AGriculture: a Possible First Item on the Agenda for the Future for the East-West Center and the University of Hawaii. Honolulu, HI, USA: ICC, EWC. 5pp. UH/HAML Pacc/HD 6073 .A292 0236 1984

Slatter makes conclusions and reconrrnendations to the EWC and UH about studies dealing with women in South Pacific agriculture. She lists what she believes are eight very real concerns about women's changing roles in agriculture. She encourages more research in this area and states that a comprehensive impact study of co:rmnerical agriculture, for example, needs to be done. Slatter also presents a seven step process by which to establish impact follow up studies. FIJI

0285 Agarwal, Boo 1983 Women's studies in Asia and the Pacific: an OVerview of CUrrent status and Needed Priorities. Kuala I.l1Inpur, Malaysia: APDC. 82pp. UH/HAML Pacc/HQ 1181 .A8 A33 1983

Agarwal presents a synopsis of research focusing on women's issues across Asia and the Pacific. Agarwal's brief attention to the Pacific's priority areas of research are based on SiImnons and Yee's Women in the South Pacific: a Bibliography and Gerard and Proctor's 1979 South Pacific Agriculture Survey Report. She overviews women's prcx:luctive activities in Fiji and PNG, summarizes research topics that have been the focus of studies in those two Pacific countries, and provides a list of areas in which research is either lacking or superfical in addressing her specified priorities. Some of Agarwal's priority questions have been examined since her 1983 report.

PAPUA NEW GUINEA

0286 Agarwal, Bina 1983 Women's Studies in Asia and the Pacific: an OVerview of CUrrent status and Needed Priorities. Kuala I.l1Inpur, Malaysia: APDC. 82pp. UH/HAML Pacc/HQ 1181 .A8 A33 1983

See entry 0285.

0287 Kulupi, Sunema P. 1982 Women and Research: Perceiving Tomorrow's Women Through Yesterday's Eyes. In From Rhetoric to Reality?, edited by Peter King, Wendy lee, and vincent Warakai, 134-138. Port Moresby, PNG: UPNG Press. UH/HAML Pacc/OO 740 .A2 W252 1982

Kulupi reports on how PNG women are perceived by others and by themselves. She remarks that in anthropological research, women infoTIllaIlts have generally not been used based on language and their behind the scenes roles in ceremonies. She contrasts rural with urban educated women's self-perceived roles and aspirations. Kulupi concludes that the "career- model" is increasingly adopted and she remarks that the availability of career advising for women is needed. Also, Kulupi suggests research be done to detennine the modern relationship between sexes and to detennine what problems PNG women are facing today.

0288 1982 Problems of Research Related to Women in Papua New Guinea: Perceiving Tornmorrow's Woman Through Yesterday's Eyes. Paper presented at the First International Conference on Research and Teaching Related to Women, July 1982, Montreal, Quebec, Canada. 11pp. UHjHAML Pacc/HQ 1866 .5 .K85 1982

See entry 0287.

SOLOMON ISLANDS

0289 Bayliss-Smith, Tim 1987 Tattooing on Ontong Java, Solomon Islands. Journal of the Polynesian Society 96 (1): 107-110.

In his short letter of correspondance to JPS, Bayliss-Smith discusses the decline of tattooing in Ontong Java. He suggests there is still time in the immediate future to undertake a study of tattooing, esPecially a study addressing women's tattooing practices. Bayliss-Smith directs the possible researcher to the proPer government bodies to contact. GENDER: ROLES & STATUS

REGIONAL

0290 Deverell, Gwen 1983 What are Pacific Church Women Talking About? Pacific Perspective 11 (2): 68-70.

See entl:y 0471.

0291 Hanson, Allan F. 1982 Female Pollution in Polynesia? Journal of the Polynesian Society 91 (3): 335-381.

Hanson writes that taboos particular to women are not necessarily meant to reflect Polynesian women as "unclean". In fact, he suggests the opposite may be the case. In reexamining customs concerning menstruation, fcxxi restrictions, ceremony attendance, forbidden places, and productive activities, Hanson offers alternative interpretations for their purposes. He attempts to validate his theory against data from across Polynesia.

0292 MacCormack, Carol and Marilyn Strathern, eds 1984 Review of Nature, CUlture and Gender by Eleanor Rimoldi. Journal of the Polynesian Society 93 (4): 464-467.

See also entl:y 0337.

0293 Margold, Jane and Donna Bellorado 1985 Matrilineal Heritage: a lDok at the Power of Contemporary Micronesian Women. In Women in Asia and the Pacific: Towards an East-West Dialogue, edited by Madeleine J. Goodman, 129-152. Honolulu, HI, USA: UH Press. UH/HAML Pacc/GN 479.7.W665 1985

Margold and Bellorado write that women's status recorded during the American trusteeship of Micronesia is "contradictory" and "full of ambiguities and infonnation gaps". within that context, the authors study Palauan and Pohnpeian women's self-evaluated socio-economic and political status. They discuss women's power types such as political, "strategic resources, specialiZed knowledge, and skills", gender "solidarity", and "personal power". Margold and Bellorado find that Palauan women see themselves as possessing high status, whereas Pohnpeian women see thernselves as possessing low status. They suggest that Micronesian women critically examine and develop a model of American women's roles and status in order to help them better analyze their own Micronesian positions.

0294 Morauta, louise 1989 Address by Dr louise Morauta, Australian International Development Assistance Bureau, on the Theme 'Women as Decision-Makers'. In Fourth Regional Conference of Pacific Women (Suva, Fiji, 17-23 September, 1988): Report, edited by SPC, 161-167. Noumea, New caledonia: SPC. UHjHAML Pacc/HQ 1865 .6 . R43 1988

Morauta writes that women are decision makers concerning aspects of the household economy, including agriculture, fishing, traditional gift exchanges, consumption, hygiene, matrimony, children's education, and divorce. She suggests that women control of decision and role making and that these can be transferred to the workplace. Morauta reports on Australian and other foreign aid efforts to support opportunities for women in development.

0295 O'Brien, Denise and Sharon Tiffany, eds 1987 Review of Rethinking Women's Roles; Perspectives from the Pacific by Shirley Lindenbaum. Man 22 (1): 209-210.

0296 1986 Review of Rethinking Women's Roles; Perspectives from the Pacific by Paula Brown Glick. American Anthropologist 88 (4): 996-997. 0297 1986 Review of Rethinking Women's Roles; Perspectives from the Pacific by Deborah Gewertz. American Ethnologist 13 (1): 175-176.

0298 1984 Rethinking Women's Roles; Perspectives from the Pacific. Berkeley, CA, USA: UC Berkeley Press. 237pp. UHjHAML Pacc/GN 668 .R45 1984

See entry 0273.

0299 Ralston, caroline 1987 Introduction. '!he Journal of Pacific History 22 (3): 115-122.

Ralston writes an introduction for six papers published by JFH from the Pacific History Association Conference's session on Gender Relations in Pacific History held in Suva, Fiji in 1985. Ralston reports cormnon themes and analyses as well as providing discussion of the "misinterpreted" and "ignored or minimized" status and roles of Polynesian women. See also entries 0069 and 0070.

0300 Renshaw, Jean R. 1982 Women and Achievement in Different CUltural Contexts. Unpublished document. 22pp. UH/HAML Pacc/HQ 1867 .7 .R46 1982

Renshaw comparatively studies socio-cultural public "achievements" of women in Fiji and Oregon, USA. She interprets her comparison to be one between non-Western and Western developing agricultural societies. Renshaw concludes that women achievers are viewed as "deviants" and "marginal" in both cultural contexts. Renshaw finds the three connnon characteristics for Fijian women public achievers to be chiefly status, mixed ethnicity, and religious incitement.

0301 Strathern, Marilyn 1989 Review of '!he Gender Gift: Problems with Women and Problems with Society in Melanesia by M. Kahn. American Ethnologist 16 (3): 587-588. 0302 1988 The Gender Gift: Problems with Women and Problems with Society in Melanesia. Berkeley, CA., USA: UC Press. 422pp. UHjHAML Pace/DO 490 .S79 1988

See entry 0275.

0303 Thomas, Nicholas 1987 Complementarity and History: Misrecognizing Gender in the Pacific. oceania 57 (4): 261-270.

Thomas argues that the lower status associated with women is imprecise. He asserts that the inaccuracy has arisen from a lack of understanding the local connotation of certain sex based customs. In Thomas' discussion of division of labor, shamanistic priests, missionary influences, and the impact of colonial history, he refers to various Polynesian societies, but especialI y to that of the Marquesas.

0304 Tongamoa, Taiamoni 1988 OVerview. In Pacific Women: Roles and status of Women in Pacific societies, edited by Taiamoni Tongamoa, 88-92. Suva, Fiji: IPS, USP. UH/HAML Pace/HD 1120 .7 .Z7 L15 1986

Tongamoa sunnnarizes women's roles as centered around domestic chores, inclUding childrearing and providing food for her family. She asserts that a woman's role was traditionally seen as complementary to that of a man's, each performing their assigned duties within their connnunal society. Tongamoa remarks that Western influenced and educated women were those who began to question the existing socio-cultural stnlctures. She concludes that women's economic independence serves as a catalyst for their roles and status to change.

0305 VUki, Alefina 1988 Role of Women in Society. Paper presented at the Pacific seminar sponsored. by the Consumer Council of Fiji in association with the International Organization of Consumer Unions. ** ** FEDERATED STATES OF MICRONESIA

0306 Harui-Walsh, Eulalia 1985 status and Roles of Island Women in the Context of CUltural Change in Ulithi. MA thesis, U(X;. 87pp. UHjHAML PaccjHQ 1865 .7 .Z8 C37 1985a

HanIi-Walsh writes that Western modeled education has significantly altered young womens' "attitudes and behaviors" on Ulithi, state. IIan.1i-Walsh briefly recounts the histo:ry of foreign imposed education systems in the fonner Trust Territo:ry, including a comparative review of traditional Ulithi and conternpora:ry education systems. She also profiles both the life stages and idealic image of traditional women. IIan.1i-Walsh concludes that the gradual loss of traditional culture will likely continue unless education incorporates traditional knowledge and skills into the curriculum. She adds that, in an effort to ease generation tensions in the Ulithi connnunity, education opportunities should also be made to older people.

FIJI

0307 Easow, Susan A. 1986 Correlates of Sex-'I'yping in Fiji. Psychology of Women Quarterly 10 (4): 429-442.

Easaw reports that her stUdy about Fijian gender­ based stereotyping affecting "self-esteem, achievement orientation, and attitudes toward women" supports a theo:ry of "some pancultural generality" first suggested by Williams and Best in their 1982 work. '!he type casting generally categorizes men as "more active, strong, and achievement-oriented", leaving women "more passive, weak, and nurturant".

0308 Kamikamica, Esiteri 1983 Fiji Women on the Move. Pacific Perspectives 11 (2): 40-44.

See ent:ry 0012. 0309 Lal, Brij V. 1985 Veil of Dishonour: Sexual Jealousy and Suicide on Fiji Plantations. Journal of Pacific History 20 (3/4): 135-155.

Lal reexamines the prevailing assumption that the unusually high percentage of male Indian indentured laborer suicides in Fiji was mainly a result of their rivalry for women. From his analysis of life histories of the suicide victilns, Lal presents an argument which supports other socio-cultural reasons relating to the nature of the indentured labor system itself. In addition, Lal discusses the occurance of women indentured laborers as well as providing various perceptions of their roles and status as women laborers.

0310 Lateef, Shireen 1985 Marriage: Choice or Destiny? the case of Indian Women in Suva, Fiji. Paper presented at the Pacific History Association Conference, 27 June - 2 July 1985, Suva, Fiji. Suva, Fiji: USP. 29pp. USP Pac HQ 723 .5 .L3 **

0311 Slatter, Claire 1984 Traditional, Transitional and Modern Roles of Women in Agriculture: With Specific Focus on Papua New Guinea, Fiji, Western Samoa and Tonga. Honolulu, HI, USA: ICC, EWC. 55pp. UHjHAML Pacc/HD 6073 .A292 024 1984b

Slatter critiques past research concerning women in agriculture, because men have been the biased researchers and the changes are such that studies are already outdated. Slatter writes that, although traditionally women in Melanesia and men in Polynesia are the predominant agriculturalists, the labor has not been stringently sex-based. In her report, Slatter discusses the evolution of the roles of women in PNG, Fijian, Western Samoan, and Tongan agriculture from pre-European contact through the 1980s. For PNG, Slatter discusses important issues such as the affects of the plantation system as well as problems such as women agricultural extension officers and subsistence production. For Fiji, she reviews the sex-based agricultural roles of women, including Indo-Fijians, and the training available to those women. For Westen1 Samoa, Slatter reports the traditional roles and status of women as well as discussing the affects of missionary influences. For Tonga, she illustrates that the changing status of women is concurrent with changes in valued corrrrnodities. Slatter views women as "casualities" of agriculture.

0312 Tuivaga, Jesse 1988 Fiji. In Pacific Women: Roles and status of Women in Pacific Societies, edited by Taiamoni Tongamoa, 1-21. Suva, Fiji: IPS, USP. UHfHAML PaccjHD 1120 .7 .Z7 Ll5 1986

Tuivaga writes that education and acquaintance with non-traditional principles establish women's perceived roles and status in today's Fiji. Tuivaga overviews the traditional roles and status of Fijian women, focusing on their participation in politics, education, employment, family planning, and health. She also discusses social problems, economic constraints, and efforts to help women overcome these challenges. Tuivaga presents four case stUdies, each one representing a specific socio-economic stereotype: rural, urban non-wage earner, urban wage earner, and urban professional. She concludes that rural and uneducated women will never unite with urban and educated women in the latters' efforts to change women's roles and status.

0313 Turner, Diane Michalski 1986 Women's Ritual Roles in Matailobau, Fiji Islands: the construction of Gender and Social Life. PhD dissertation, MSU. Ann Arbor, MI, USA: UMI. 256pp. UHjHAML PaccjHQ 1867 .7 . Z8 M37 1986a

Turner writes that Matailobau values are reflected in their rituals. She mainly analyzes the cultural meanings of Matailobau gender-based roles in marriage, childbirth, and funeral rituals. Turner states that Fijian notions of gender are not based on their reproductive functions. Rather, gender identities are based on the cultural promulgation that "women serve men; men guide women; men speak on behalf of women at important functions". 0314 Upton, Sue 1988 Female Face of Fiji. Pacific Island Focus 1 (1): 2-12.

See entry 0164.

0315 Volo, Sisilia 1983 Fijian Parents Aspirations for Their Daughters. Pacific Perspective 11 (2): 29-32.

See entry 0165.

0316 Young, John 1988 Race and Sex in Fiji Re-Visited. '!he Journal of Pacific History 23 (2): 214-222.

See entry 0409.

FRENCH POLYNESIA

0317 Longley, Cherida 1989 A Woman Possessed: Interaction Between Stranger and Native on Bligh's Second Breadfruit Voyage. Pacific Island Focus 1 (2): 61-80.

See entry 0410.

0318 '!homas, Nicholas 1987 Unstable categories: Tapu and Gender in the Marquesas. The Journal of Pacific History 22 (3): 123-138.

Thomas discusses how taboos applying to women, as witnessed by researchers and documented as such, were not always absolute. That is to say, taboos were not rigid and may have been temporary, easily removed by rites, and, in fact, been controlled by women. '!homas uses examples of chiefly women's menstration customs to challenge existing theories of women as irrpure and he refers to the status of women associated with polyandry to challenge existing demographic theories. KIRIBATI

0319 Yee-Ting, Nonna 1983 The Comparison of the Married Women's Role in Rural and Urban Areas in Kiribati. Student paper. Suva, Fiji: SSED, USP. 27pp. USP Pac HQ 1866 .6 .Y4 **

PAPUA NEW GUINEA

0320 Brown, Paula 1988 Gender and Social Change: New Fonus of Independence for simbu Women. oceania 59 (2): 123-142.

Brown reports that simbu people have been exposed to Western society since the early 1930s. She discusses how Western contact has differently affected the roles and community/kin relations of both men and women. Brown comparatively reviews her obseIVations made in 1958-65 of traditional society with more recent adjusbnents to urban society. She includes discussion of employment opportunities and goals for women, women's groups, and the situtations in which urban professional women find themselves. Brown writes that a class structure is emerging in simbu society, though it has not yet solidified nor divided the Simbu by rural/urban division.

0321 Counts, Dorothy Ayers 1987 Female Suicide and Wife Abuse: a Cross-eultural Perspective. suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior 17 (3): 194-204.

Counts reports that most of the attempted and actual suicides in PNG between 1966-86 were by women. More than half of those women were victims of wife abuse innnediately prior to suicide action. She states that evidence from her six case studies, made in Kaliai of West New Britain Province, suggests there is an extensively recogniZed correlation between suicide and wife abuse. Counts writes that the suicide action taken by these abused wives is a fonn of revenge for which there are four culturally founded rules. '!his type of suicide is also known as samosonic suicide and has been recorded across the globe.

0322 Cox, Elizabeth and Louis Aitsi 1986 Papua New Guinea. In Pacific Women: Roles and status of Women in Pacific Societies, edited by Taiamoni Tongamoa, 23-39. Suva, Fiji: IPS, USP. UHjHAML PaccjHD 1120 .7 .Z7 Ll5 1986

Cox and Aitsi write that PNG women have complementary, rather than unequal, roles and status in society, as alledgedly misconceived by Westerners. The authors overview the traditional roles and status of PNG women, with specific focus on women's participation in education, employment, and politics. Cox and Aitsi present case studies representing four socia-economic stereotypes of PNG women: rural, urban wage earner, urban non-wage earner, and urban professional. They discuss current women's social concerns and conclude that PNG women are having to deal with many of the same issues faced by women worldwide.

0323 Fahey, Stephanie 1986 Development, Labour Relations and Gender in Papua New Guinea. Mankind 16 (2): 118-131.

See enb:y 0179.

0324 Feinberg, Richard 1986 Market Economy and Changing Sex-Roles on a Polynesian Atoll. Ethnology 25 (4): 271-282.

See enb:y 0181. 0325 Frankel, stephan and David Smith 1982 Conjugal Bereavement Amongst the Huli People of Papua New Guinea. British Journal of Psychiatry 141: 302-305.

Frankel and Smith discuss culturally defined gender differentiated expressions of grievance in Huli, Southern Highlands Province. '!hey find that while women are pennitted to show "extreme emotion", men are "discouraged from doing so". Further finding that men have a very high rate of mortality within the first year of bereavement, the authors consider correlations between that rate and expression of grievance. Frankel and Smith write that whereas women may experience an increase in personal freedom, men tend to experience social, practical, and emotional losses.

0326 Gelber, Marilyn G. 1988 Review of Gender and Society in the New Guinea Highlands; an Anthropological Perspective on Antagonism Toward Women by L. L. Langness. American Anthropologist 90 (1): 212-213.

0327 1986 Gender and Society in the New Guinea Highlands: an Anthropological Perspective on Antagonism Toward Women. Boulder, CO, USA: Westview Press. 180pp. UH/HAML Pacc/GN 671 .N5 G45 1986

Gelber considers theoretical frameworks for gender relations in the context of socia-economic and political constraints of Highland cultural construct. Her discourse on theory development focuses on the hostilities men have toward women. She briefly corrparatively reviews American and PNG societies.

0328 Johnson, Dianne D. 1984 '!he Govennnent Women: Gender and Structural contradition in Papua New Guinea. PhD dissertation, University of Sydney. 321pp. UH/HAML Microfiche V00040

Johnson asserts that sex-based equality is mere rhetoric on the Parts of PNG men and expatriates. Johnson discusses the affects of nee-colonial beaucracy on race, gender, and class. She suggests there exist corrplex contradicting village and national interests which are epitomized by the conflicts between women's local interests and bureaucratic practices.

0329 Josephides, Lisette 1987 Southern PersPectives on the New Guinea Highlands. Review of The Production of Inequality: Gender and Exchange Among the Kewa by Rena I.edenuan. American Ethnologist 14 (2): 340-345.

0330 1985 The Production of Inequality: Gender and Exchanqe Among the Kewa. London, England: Tavistock. 242pp. UH(HAML Pace/DU 740 .42 .J66 1985

From her PerSPective that "all social systems, whatever their structure, contain the seeds of inequality", Josephides examines the appropriateness of Marxist and gender anthropological theories to understand the inequalities which are "engendered and perpetuated within social practice" in Kewa. Josephides identifies and discusses sources of gender inequalities, Particularly that of exchange alliances. She emphasizes that the frequent exchange of valued items 'alienates' laborers from their products. In that way, "labour power may be controlled and inequalities created".

0331 1982 Equal But Different? The Ontology of Gender Among Kewa. oceania 53 (3): 291-307.

Josephides reports on Perceptions of male and female status in Kewa, Southern Highlands. She discusses forms of male-female power, including marriage, infanticide, rights to income, magic, gift exchange, and pig feasts. Josephides concludes that in Kewa there is no possibility of an indePendent female realm.

0332 Lidz, T. and R.W. Lidz 1986 Turning Women Things into Men: Masculinization in Papua New Guinea. Psychoanalytic Review 73 (4): 521-539. ** 0333 Mandie, Angela 1982 Institutional and Ideological Control of Gender in a Transitional Society. In From Rhetoric to Reality?, edited by Peter King, Wendy Lee, and Vincent Warakai, 166-171. Port Moresby, PNG: UPNG Press. UH/HAML Pace/ill 740 .A2 W252 1982

Mandie states that women traditionally participated more equally than they do in contemporary society. She illustrates traditional complementary roles and status by reviewing ceremony preparation, marriage, and food production. Mandie explains hO'itl colonial administration changed women' s Perceived roles and status and remarks that the current goverrnnent equality campaign is "something of a joke". She discusses issues of the absence of women in representative goverrnnent positions, the exPeCtations which discriminate against even educated women, husbands pushing traditional roles on wives while not living up to traditional male roles, and social conditioning of women against women as equals.

0334 Meggitt, M.J. 1989 Women in Contemporary Central Enga Society, Papua New Guinea. In Family and Gender in the Pacific: Domestic Contradictions and the Colonial Impact, edited by Margaret Jolly and Martha MacIntyre, 135-155. cambridge, England: cambridge University Press. UH/HAML Pace/GN 663 .F36 1989

Meggitt discusses hO'itl women's living arrangements, agricultural roles, domestic roles, and marital patterns have changed since Central Enga's contact with Westerners in the late 1930s. She remarks that choices made available to men but not to women "reflected sexual biases inherent in Christian doctrine and in the values of the Australian Administration". Meggitt further describes how the socio-economic status of women has been affected by goverrnnent policies, employment opportunities, the establishment of women's groups, women's labor in cash cropping, decentralization of goverrnnent, and education. Meggitt concludes that while women now enjoy some greater "Personal freedom", men are still in "PO'itler" and have the "privileges". 0335 O/Hanlon, Michael and Linda Frankland 1986 With a Skull in the Netbag: Prescriptive Marriage and Matrilateral Relations in the New Guinea Highlands. oceania 56 (3): 181-198.

O/Hanlon and Frankland write a comparative analysis of the "marriage rule" studies of Rappaport and Cook. Further, they make their own case study using data from Wahgi Valley in Western Highlands Province, specifically Maring, Manga, and Wahgi. Anthropological j argon abounds.

0336 Poole, Fitz JOM Porter 1984 Cultural Images of Women as Mothers: Motherhood Among the Biminkuskrnin of Papua New Guinea. Social Analysis 15: 73-93. **

0337 Poole, Fitz JOM Porter and Gilbert Herdt 1984 Review of Nature, Culture and Gender by Eleanor Rimoldi. Journal of the Polynesian Society 93 (4): 464-467.

See entry 0292.

0338 1982 Sexual Antagonism, Gender and Social Change in Papua New Guinea. Social Analysis (12). **

0339 Rosenberg, cathy Lynn 1988 Wok Meri: Continuity and Change in Male-Female Relations in the Eastern Highlands of Papua New Guinea. MA thesis, UC San Diego. UC San Diego Melanesian Manuscript Series no 81. La Jolla, CA., USA: Melanesian Studies Resource Center, UC San Diego. 75pp. UHjHAML Microfiche D70015 no. 0081

See ent:ry 0020. 0340 Slatter, Claire 1984 TraditionaL Transitional and. Modern Roles of Women in Agriculture: With specific Focus on Papua New Guinea, Fiji, Western Samoa. and. Tonga. Honolulu, HI, USA: ICC, EWC. 55pp. UH/HAML Pace/HD 6073 .A292 024 1984b

See entry 0311.

SOLOMON ISLANDS

0341 Pollard, Alice 1986 Solomon Islands. In Pacific Women: Roles and. status of Women in Pacific Societies, edited by Taiamoni Tongamoa., 40-57. Suva, Fiji: IPS, USP. UH/HAML Pace HD 1120 .7 .Z7 Ll5 1986

Pollard writes that Solomon Island. women's roles and status revolve around agricultural and. domestic duties. She overviews the traditional roles and status of Solomon Island women, with specific focus on their participation in education, politics, and employment. Pollard presents case studies representing four socio-econonUc stereotypes of Solomon Island. women: rural, urban non-wage earner, urban wage earner, and. urban professional. She discusses current social concerns and. training programs for women, concluding that Solomon Island women are striving to incorporate traditional with modern aspects of their roles and. status.

TONGA

0342 Faletau, Meleseini 1983 Changing Roles for Tonga's Women. Pacific Perspectives 11 (2): 45-55.

Faletau discusses socio-economic factors influencing the status and. roles of rural women. She provides data, compiled from nineteen Tongan villages, which show the economic status of rural women. Specifically, Faletau describes the productive roles of an unmarried daughter, wife/mother, grandmother, and sister. She also discusses statistics concerning women's contributions to economic activities in agriculture (vanilla and copra), seafood gathering, and handicraft production. In addition, Faletau addresses the affects of urban education opportunities. In conclusion, she makes several detailed reconnnendations concerning women's employment and educational opportunities as well as ways women's workloads could be lessened and their products more easily distributed.

0343 Gailey, Christine Ward 1987 State, Class and Conversion in Commodity Production: Gender and Changing Value in the Tongan Islands. Journal of the Polynesian Society 96 (1): 67-79.

See entry 0220.

0344 James, Kerry 1983 Gender Relations in Tonga 1780 to 1984. Journal of the Polynesian Society 92 (2): 233-243.

James writes an invitation for an ongoing exchange of ideas concerning the research he is conducting. His central interest is to analyze the construct of gender roles in Tonga from 1780 to present day. His aim is to detennine historical factors, such as Christianity and kinship, which contribute to the evolution of gender roles and status.

0345 Kavapala, Helen 1988 The Impact of Colonialism on Women's Lives in Tonga Between the 1830s and 1940s. Pacific Island Focus 1 (1): 90-104.

Kavapala reports on how Western influences differently affected the 'eiki and tu'a Tongan women's lives fram the 1830s to 1940s. First, Kavapala describes the complex Tongan hierarchial system with its matrilineal descent preferences. In addition, she discusses how political authority, some of which was lost completely, changed or preserved owing to Western influences, was altered by manipulation of genealogies, the Emancipation Edict of 1862 (causing land tenure and labor refonn), centralization of authority, traditional and changed ideas of valued production, the continuing importance of kin relations, and additional domestic and market production roles. Kavapala includes a discourse on the "package deal" Christianity has brOUght Tongan women. Her paPer contains critical references to the work of Christine Ward Gailey.

0346 Moengangongo, Mosikaka 1986 Tonga. In Pacific Women: Roles and status of Women in Pacific Societies, edited by Taiamoni Tongamoa, 58-75. Suva, Fiji: IPS, USP. UH/HAML Pacc/HD 1120 .7 .Z7 Ll5 1986

Moengangongo first reviews the traditional Tongan socia-political system. '!he author focuses on Tongan women's participation politics, employment, law, land ownership, and education. Moengangongo then presents four case studies representing three socio-economic stereotypes of Tongan women: urban wage earner, urban professional, and rural non-wage earner. She also discusses culturally subservient duties, rights, and taboos which apply to women. Moengangongo concludes that Tongan women are greatly influenced by the cash economy.

0347 Slatter, Claire 1984 Traditional, Transitional and Modern Roles of Women in Agriculture: With Specific Focus on Papua New Guinea, Fiji, Western Samoa and Tonga. HonolulU, HI, USA: ICC, EWC. 55pp. UHfHAML Pacc/HD 6073 .A292 024 1984b

See entry 0311.

VANUATU

0348 Hume, Lyrme 1985 Making I.engwasa: a Women's Pig-Killing Ritual on Maewo (Aurora), Vanuatu. oceania 55 (4): 272-287.

Hume writes that women's roles in the ni-Vanuatu pig killing ritual is proof of the high status held by Maewo women. Hume reports on the traditional and present systems of leadership, the rights and roles of women in Maewo society, and provides a description and short analysis of the pig killing ritual. Her report is based on one observed ritual.

0349 Jolly, Margaret 1987 The Forgotten Women: a History of Migrant Labour and Gender Relations in Vanuatu. oceania 58 (2): 119-139.

Jolly writes a brief discourse about anthropology and history and concisely reviews the Pacific labor trade of the mid to late 1800s. Jolly presents the different views on whether laborers were recruited by choice, force, or trickery. She also discusses stimulants which persuaded women to become laborers and critically reviews the incentive theory that dismisses the lure of material goods for women. Jolly debates women's ambigious role as prositutes as well as how bridewealth and marriage fit into the recruitment scheme. She reports on what happened to the women once they settled in Queensland and sPecUlates about ways in which their loss was felt in Vanuatu. Finally, Jolly explains how these women have been "forgotten" in history.

0350 Rarua, Kathleen 1986 Vanuatu. In Pacific Women: Roles and status of Women in Pacific Societies, edited by Taiarnoni Tongarnoa, 76-87. Suva, Fiji: IPS, USP. UH/HAML Pacc/1120 .7 .Z7 Ll5 1986

Rarua acquaints the reader with the history, government, economy, and population issues of Vanuatu. Rarua then writes a st.mrrlla:ry of ni-Vanuatu women's culturally based roles and status. She presents case studies representing four socio­ economic stereotypes of ni-Vanuatu women: rural, w::ban non-wage earner, w::ban wage earner, and urban professional. Rarua reviews the social concerns of women today, including domestic violence, alcoholism, and lack of educational opportunities. She reports on national efforts to alleviate women from these problems and makes her own reconunendations. She concludes that cooperation at all levels of government and conrrnunity are needed to ensure improved status for women. WESTERN SAMOA

0351 Afoa, leane Asalele 1983 Marriage and Divorce in Samoa. Pacific Perspectives 11 (2): 71-80.

Afoa provides a detailed summary of Samoan marriage procedures for chiefs children, conrrnoners, and living in the US. She also writes about stresses which may lead to divorce in Samoan marriages in the US, particularly in Los Angeles, and the social adjustments and support the divorcees have in the connm.mity. Afoa briefly mentions accepted grounds for divorce in Samoa, including naming persons with the authority to incite divorce. Finally, she covers the effects of divorce on Samoan children, the connm.mity's views on rnultiple divorces, and divorcee counseling savices. In the appendix, Afoa defines Samoan tenns related to preparation for marriage.

0352 Roach, Elizabeth Marchette 1984 From English Mission to Samoan congregation: Women and Church in Rural Western Samoa. PhD dissertation, Columbia University. Ann Arbor, MI, USA: UMI. 274pp. UH/HAML Pacc/OO 819 .A2 R63 1984a

See entry 0479.

0353 Slatter, Claire 1984 Traditional, Transitional and Modern Roles of Women in Agriculture: With specific Focus on Papua New Guinea, Fiji, Western Samoa and Tonga. Honolulu, HI, USA: ICC, EWC. 55pp. UH/HAML Pacc/HD 6073 .A292 024 1984b

See entry 0311. HEALTH & NUTRITION

REGIONAL

0354 Badcock, Jacqui 1989 Women and Fcx:x:l and Nutrition in the Pacific. In Fourth Regional Conference of Pacific Women (Suva, Fiji, 17-23 September, 1988): Report, edited by SPC, 155-159. Notmlea, New caledonia: SPC. UHjHAML PaccjHQ 1865 .6 .R43 1988

Badcock reports that women's main health concerns are anaemia, obesity, diabetes, hypertension, and breastfeeding. She reviews national and regional health and nutrition training and awareness programs. She provides explanations for increased nutrition related problems. Badcock suggests that legislation must be enacted, counseling services offered, and prevention campaigns launched.

0355 Bolabola, oema 1983 Women in Villages: Femininity, Fcx:x:l and Freedom. Pacific Perspective 11 (2): 65-67.

Bolabola addresses the status and role inequalities existing between women in urban and rural areas. She writes that roles of rural women are based primarily on social rank, with an emphasis on fcx:x:l preparation, whereas roles of urban women have less association with communal obligations and less emphasis on fcx:x:l production. Bolabola also critically interprets government action concerning women's issues of fcx:x:l production. Bolabola uses examples from Fiji, Tonga, and Western Samoa.

0356 DeRoeck, Denise 1989 Aids and Sexually Transmitted Diseases in the Pacific Islands. In Fourth Regional Conference of Pacific Women (Suva, Fiji, 17-23 September, 1988): Report, edited by SPC, 127-142. Notmlea, New caledonia: SPC. UHjHAML Pacc/HQ 1865 .6 .R43 1988

DeRoeck explains the general nature of Ala:;, including symptoms, stages, and rate of transmission. Concaning the Pacific, DeRoeck reports on number of Ala:; related deaths, HIV infected persons, and how Ala:; came to the region. She also discusses gonorrhoea and syphilis. DeRoeck writes about women's risk of acquiring these diseases. She suggests that an STD/Ala:; education campaign be established and that women's groups Participate in the dissemination of awareness infonnation. DeRoeck recorranends offices to contact for further infonnation.

0357 1989 Alcohol and Dnlg Abuse in the Pacific: the Impact on Women. In Fourth Regional Conference of Pacific Women (suva, Fiji, 17-23 September, 1988): Report, edited by SPC, 143-153. Nournea, New caledonia: SPC. UH/HAML Pacc/HQ 1865 .6 .R43 1988

DeRoeck reports that alcohol consumption has increased during the past twenty years. She describes men's alcohol consumption patterns and rates and discusses alcohol related social concerns ranging from sucide to domestic abuse. DeRoeck also writes that the Pacific is a crossroads for drug shipments, hence marijuana and heroin use are also on the rise. DeRoeck offers socio-economic explanations for these alcohol and drug abuse trends. In addition, she proposes multiple laws and programs be ilnplemented. She recognizes limitations of such legislation and services; however, DeRoeck suggests ways connnunities could assist the SPC in its efforts.

0358 Griffen, Vanessa 1983 Caring for Ourselves: a Health Handbook for Pacific Women. Suva, Fiji: USP. 215pp. UHIHAML PaccjRA 778 .G75 1983

Griffen writes a corrprehensive and readable bio-medical handbook for connnunity health workers and women in general. Chapter titles are: a wider definition of health, being female - a woman's body, pregnancy and childbirth, sexuality, contraception, abortion, conunon health problems, menopause, a word on traditional medicine, nutrition, rape, violence and stress, and self-help, self-care. 0359 Joyce, Peta, Vanessa Griffen and Arlene LDngo 1982 Women and Health: Report of a Seminar Organized by Action Centre for Women in Need, June 27-28th, 1981, YWCA, SUVa. Suva, Fiji: Action Centre for Women in Need. 37pp. USP HQ 1867 .7 .W57

**

0360 Parkinson, Susan 1985 Nutrition Trends in Some South Pacific Islands. In Women in Development in the South Pacific: Barriers and Qpportunities; Papers Presented at a Conference Held in Vanuatu From 11 to 14 August 1984, edited by mc, AND, 176-194. canberra, Australia: mc, AND. UHjHAML Pacc/HQ 1865 .6 .W66 1985

Parkinson writes that changes in diet have led to increased women's vulnerability to metabolic diseases and dental caries. She describes how cash cropping, urbanization, consumption of imported foods, local food and beverage industries, and other aspects of development have contributed to dietary changes. Parkinson reports that these changes have led to an increasing prevalence of body weight disorders, diabetes, high blood pressure, cardiovascular disease, and anaemia in women. See also 0092.

0361 Pollock, Nancy J. 1982 Mother's Milk, It contributes to the Household Budget in Various Pacific Islands. Paper presented at the Women and Food Conference, 1982, Kensington, NSW, Australia. SPC/FJ 301.412 WOM **

0362 Schoeffel, Penelope 1986 The Rice Pudding Syndrome: Women's Advancement and Home Economics Training in the South Pacific. In Development in the Pacific: What Women Say, edited by ACOA, 36-44. Development Dossier no 18. canberra, Australia: ACOA. UHjHAML Pacc/HQ 1865 .6 .048 1986

See entry 0244. AMERICAN SAMOA

0363 Achika, Faau'uga Illtu 1989 Address by Ms Faau'uga Illtu Achika on the '!heme 'Women in Education'. In Fourth Regional Conference of Pacific Women (Suva, Fiji, 17-23 September, 1988): Report, edited by SIC, 191-194. Noumea, New caledonia: SIC. UHjHAML PacejHQ 1865 .6 .R43 1988

See entry 0252.

FEDERATED STATES OF MICRONESIA

0364 Elymore, Jane, Amato Elymore, Jacqui Badcock, and Francois Bach 1989 '!he 1987/88 National Nutrition Survey of the Federated states of Micronesia: SlUlUtlary Report Prepared for the Government and Deparbnent of Human Resources of the Federated States of Micronesia. Noumea, New caledonia: SIC. 88pp. UH/HAML Pace/I'X 360.M5 A16 1989

'!he authors report and discuss health statistics for women 15-49 and children 0-4 years old. '!hey are Particularly interested in the correlates of dietary habits and nutritional status. '!he authors' research show high rates of overweightness, obesity, and various levels of anaemia for women as well as high rates of stunting malnutrition for infants less than 5 years old. '!he Elymores, Badcock, and Bach also find state and zone based differences in dietary habits and nutritional status. Finally, the authors propose health programs for the FSM.

0365 Fritz, Valentine S. 1982 Impact of Changing Roles of Women on Infant Nutritional Levels in Micronesia: Primarily on T:ruk. MA thesis, UH Manoa. 21pp. UH/HAML PacejRJ 103.M53 F75 1982a

Fritz's literature survey discusses the effects of T:rukese women's changing economic roles on the status of offspring nutrition. Fritz suggests that malnutrition, dental decay, and obesity are attributable to infant bottlefeeding and childrens' diet which increasingly includes bnported foods. other associated health problems are poor santitation and lack of appropriate health education programs. Among the reconnnendations made, Fritz suggests food tax incentives, increased local food production, and selective bnportation of nutritionally sound foods.

FIJI

0366 Action Centre for Women in Need 1983 Rape in Fiji: a Preliminary Report. Suva, Fiji: Action Centre for Women in Need. 49pp. USP HV 6569 . F5 R28 **

0367 Herr, Barbara 1983 Gender and Illness Amoung Iauan Fijians: Somatic and Affective Disorder. PhD dissertation, UC Los Angeles. 32Opp. UH/HAML Microfilm S00945

Herr addresses the correlation between stress and illness in Muanaicake on Fulaga in the Iau Group. In true anthropological fo:r1n, Herr first provides an ethnography of the remotely located Fulangan society. She focuses on Muanaicake sex differentiated stress induced illnesses and subsequent healing practices (using medicinal plants). Most healers are found to be women. Herr documents both mental and physical ailments, and includes a glossary of Fijian tenus and symptoms for those ailments. Herr identifies stresses Particular to women and finds that women have higher disease rates than do men. Her work is based on research done in 1979-80. 0368 Knieriemen, Linda and Gloria McCormaghy 1983 Feeding Babies with IDve: A Breastfeeding Guide for Healthworkers in Fiji. Suva, Fiji: NFNC in cooperation with UNICEF. 45pp. SPC/FJ 0649.3 KNI **

0369 Lal, Brij V. 1985 Veil of Dishonour: Sexual Jealousy and Suicide on Fiji Plantations. Journal of Pacific History 20 (3/4): 135-155.

See entry 0309.

0370 Robertson, Annette 1988 Changing Environment, Changing Roles: a Health Risk? In Environment and Pacific Women: From the Globe to the Village, edited by r.eatuailevao Ruby Va'a and Joan Martin Teaiwa, 19-23. Suva, Fiji: FAWG in association with IPS, USP. UH/HAML Pacc/HQ 1865 .6 .E69 1988

Robertson addresses the effects of urbanizaton on health. Specifically, she uses a case study to argue that an urban working woman, with limited tiJne to play her role as mother, could be neglecting the health of her child. Robertson writes there is an increase in number of reported severely malnourished children. Robertson also discusses health risks of occupationally hazardous jobs held by women, refering to gannent workers, office workers, market vendors, health workers, and dry cleaning workers. She reconnnends that mothers be pennitted to breastfeed at work, that maternity benefits be compulsory, and that occupational safety regulations be established. MARSHALL ISLANDS

0371 lJ2vy, Sue et al 1989 Marshall Islands Women's Health Survey, 1985. Noumea, New caledonia: SPC. 13Opp. UH/HAML Pacelli 1 . S586 no. 196

lJ2vy et al write a comprehensive statistical survey of Marshallese women's health problems, including gynaecological, non-communicable, and sexually transmitted risk factors and diseases. '!hey generally find high rates of incidence for sexually transmitted diseases, pelvic abonnalities, diabetes, obesity, fertility, teenage pregnancy, and infant mortality. lJ2vy et al generally find low rates of incidence for hypertension, breast cancer, cervical cancer, anaemia, birthing intervals, and contraceptive use. They strongly recommend. improved family planning services.

NIUE

0372 Taylor, Richard et al 1985 Niue Women's Health Survey, 1983: Report. SPC Technical Paper no 187. Noumea, New caledonia: SPC. 56pp. UHjHAML Pace/li1 •S586 no 187

The authors of this report conclude that Niuean women have relatively high health status. Their research is mainly concerned with factors causing hospitalization and hospital morbidity for Niuean women. They find that conditions related to pregancy were the primary reasons for hospitalization. Taylor et al discuss health problems like menstruation, urinary tract infections, gastritis, appendicitis, influenza, pneumonia, asthma, diabetes, and others. The authors remark that problems which do not contribute neither "significantly" nor "directly" include hypertension, obesity, hepatitis B, and anaemia among others. PAPUA NEW GUINEA

0373 Brahin, L. et al 1989 Patterns of Migration Indicate Sexual Transmission of HTLV-I Infection in Non-Pregnant Women in Papua New Guinea. International Journal of cancer 44 (1): 59-62.

'!he authors I research show there is a correlation between HTLV-I incidence and migrant women in Madang Province. '!hey find the leading mode of HTLV-I infection to be sexual transmission between migrant wives and indigenous husbands. '!he authors do not find relations between HTLV-I prevalence and either malarial parasitaemia or splenomegaly.

0374 Counts, Ibrothy Ayers 1987 Female SUicide and Wife Abuse: a Cross-eultural Perspective. SUicide and Life-Threatening Behavior 17 (3): 194-204.

See entry 0321.

0375 Denoon, Ibnald 1989 Medical Care and Gender in Papua New Guinea. In Family and Gender in the Pacific: Domestic Contradictions and the Colonial Impact, edited by Margaret Jolly and Martha MacIntyre, 95-107. cambridge, England: cambridge University Press. ~ Pacc/GN 663 .F36 1989

Denoon ovaviews the histo:ry of the establishment of PNG health Sel:Vices for women. In colonial PNG, while government medical officers tended to the health needs of men, mission medical workers tended to the health needs of women. Denoon discusses the catholic missionary nurses, the Kwato Mission hospital, the Papuan nurses who married plantation managers and acted as "a productive and therapeutic team", the records of the Unevangelised Fields missionary Mrs. Deasey, the origins of the maternal and child health programs, including those attempted in the 1930s, and "child-centered values" of health care for women. Denoon also profiles Dr. Joan Refshauge, the first woman health director and later founder of the Queen Elizabeth II Division of Infant, Child, and Maternal Health.

0376 Doiwa, Seb 1982 Mental Health and Women Living in Urban Centres. In From Rhetoric to Reality?, edited by Peter King, Wendy lee, and Vincent Warakai, 162-165. Port Moresby, FNG: UFNG Press. UH/HAML Pacc/OO 740 .A2 W252 1982

Doiwa provides two case studies to illustrate the occurance of urban stress induced illnesses in women. '!he first case study profiles a divorced professional woman who lost custody of her children to her ex-husband, despite the fact that she was in financial control of many of the family's possessions and debts. '!he second case study profiles a battered woman secretary whose husband, a pay weekend alcoholic, threatened her life. Doiwa remarks that FNG mental health services are inappropriate and misoriented. She advocates the establishment of a center for women in need.

0377 Frankel, Stephan and David smith 1982 Conjugal Bereavement Amongst the Huli People of Papua New Guinea. British Journal of Psychiatry 141: 302-305.

See entry 0325.

0378 Israel, Ronald, ed 1984 Maternal and Infant Nutrition Reviews: Papua New Guinea i a Guide to the Literature. Newton, MA, USA: Education Development Center, International Nutrition Communication service. 101pp. UH/HAML PaccjRJ 216 .M378 1984

See entry 0048. 0379 MacIntyre, Martha 1982 Changing Concepts of Nutrition on Tubetube, Milne Bay Province, PNG. Paper presented at the Women and Focx:l Conference, 1982, Kensington, NSW, Australia. SPC/FJ 301.412 WOM **

0380 Marshall, Leslie B. 1988 Breastfeeding and Its Alternatives Among Papua New Guinea career Women: An Issue in Economic Development. Ecology of Focx:l and Nutrition 20 (4): 311-322.

Marshall suggests PNG wage working women breastfeed much more frequently and for a longer duration than do women in other nations. Her study is based on infonnation from UPNG students, Port Moresby Teachers College students and faculty, urban nurses, and urban nurses' aides. Marshall finds that a simple majority of the women return to their jobs or school within three months postPartum. Breastmilk supplements are used within six months postPartum. Marshall also finds that local foods are primarily used during the weaning period. She discusses breastfeeding and weaning affects on the mother and reviews government campaigns to promote breastfeeding.

0381 1985 Influences on the Antenatal Clinic Attendance of Central Province Women in Port Moresby, PNG. Social Science and Medicine 21 (3): 341-350.

Marshall briefly summarizies antenatal health care services and policies. Her focus is on patients' Perspectives about the Port Moresby General Hospital's antenatal clinic. She suggests incentives for utilization of the clinic, Particularily concerning first time users.

0382 May, Ronald James 1984 Kaikai Aniani: Guide to Bush Foods, Markets and CUlinary Arts of Papua New Guinea. Bathurst, NSW, Australia: Roker Brown. 192pp. SPC/FJ 641 .59953 MAY ** 0383 Poole, Fitz John Porter 1984 CUltural Images of Women as Mothers: Motherhcxxl Among Biminkuskmin of Papua New Guinea. Social Analysis 15: 73-93. **

0384 Scaletta, Naomi 1986 Childbirth: a case History from West Britain, Papua New Guinea. oceania 57 (1): 33-52.

Scaletta presents an anthropological account of Bariai childbirthing. Her fieldwork, done from 1981-83, is divided into sections titled: ethnographic background, conception theory, prenatal care, time and place of birth, participant observation and childbirth, a detailed case history, postpartum care, and the existence and ramifications of local health care facilities. Scaletta emphasizes that traditional and modern childbearing technologies need to be integrated.

0385 United states Agency for International Development Regional Office for the South Pacific 1989 Papua New Guinea Child Survival Project. Unedited and circulated draft. Suva, Fiji: USAID. 113pp.

This project proposal includes sections titled project background and rationale, detailed project description, cost estimates and financial plan, social soundness analysis, summary of technical analysis, logical framework, and detailed analysis of project outputs. The purpose of this project is to reduce child and maternal mortality by improving rural health services. It is designed, funded, and administered by the USAID Regional Office for the South Pacific. TONGA

0386 1kahihifo, Talita and Monalisa Panure 1983 Report of a Preliminary study of Traditional Medicine and Practices in Relation to Obstetrical and Gynaecological Conditions and Disorders Amongst Two Communities in Tonga. Suva, Fiji: CASD. ?pp. USP PAC/R 692 .156

**

0387 Parsons, Claire D.F. 1983 Developments in the Role of the Tongan Healer. Journal of the Polynesian Society 92 (1): 31-50.

Parsons provides the first published discourse on the roles of Tongan healers. She describes the evolution of healers from early traditional priests to their contemporary socio-religious status. Parson distinguishes a faito'o and a priest healer, discusses the socio-moral ramifications of healer payment, and emphasizes that Tongan healers follow established niles. She remarks that the practice of healers has not declined with the advent of Western medical technology.

VANUATU

0388 Osteria, Trinidad S. 1984 Maternal and Child Health SUrvey, Vanuatu. Port Vila, Vanuatu: Ministry of Health, Govennnent of Vanuatu. 119pp. SPC/FJ 614.42 CST

** WESTERN SAMOA

0389 Gans, Lydia P. and Corinne Shear Wood 1985 Discriminant Analysis as a Method for Differentiating Potential Acceptors of Family Planning: Westen1 Samoa. Human Organization 44 (3): 228-233.

Gans and Wood propose a method they believe enables 75% predictability of women contraceptive users. Based on their 1979 research, Gans and Wood find six common variables among women users of birth control. Gans and Wood also report results of blood studies made on Samoan women and children which suggest extensive cases of anaemia and, especially for children, intestinal parasites.

0390 Nardi, Bonnie Anna 1984 Infant Feeding and Women's Work in Western Samoa: a Hypothesis, Some Evidence and Suggestions for Future Research. Ecology of Food and Nutrition 14 (4): 277-286.

Nardi writes that women's activities since Western contact, sPeCifically since the introduction of the cash economy, has led women to make "a conscious economic choice" to spend less time breastfeeding in order to allocate more time to productive work. Nardi remarks that unlike contemporary work activities, traditional women's tasks, such as handicraft making, were unhurried and interruptable. She suggests this may explain the trend of younger weaning babies. Nardi reports on the frequency of breastfeeding and lists foods consumed during in the weaning period.

0391 Sio, Brenda L. 1982 Nutritional status of Women an Children in Western Samoa. Paper presented at the Women and Food Conference, 1982, Kensington, NSW, Australia. 16pp. SPC/FJ 301.412 WQM ** 0392 Thomas, Pamela 1986 Dimensions of Diffusion: Deliverincr PrimarY Health care and Nutritional Infonnation in Western Samoa. PhD disseration, AND. 323pp. ** **

0393 1986 Women and Development: a '!Wo-Edged SWord. In Development in the Pacific: What Women Say, edited by ACOA, 1-17. ACOA Development Dossier no 18. canberra, Australia: ACOA. UHfHAML PaccjHQ 1865 .6 .048 1986

Thomas stresses that women's roles and long-tenn evaluation plans must be considered when designing development projects. Thomas accesses the long-tenn impact of a Western Samoan women's primary health care development project started in 1923. She remarks that the women's health connnittees were "Eurocentric" in structure and health education content and that they "did not confonn in any way with Samoan beliefs, practices, women's roles or the village ranking structure". Thomas reports that the committees adapted thernselves to Samoan custom, but that the "adaptation was a two-edged sword" because it "seriously reduced" the connnittees' effective dissemination of health services. Thomas writes about the present state of the system and the limited access to it. HISTORY

REGIONAL

0394 Gunson, N. 1987 Sacred Women Chiefs and Female Headmen in Polynesian History. Journal of Pacific History 22 (3-4): 139-171.

Gunson is primarily concerned with the Malayan and Polynesian areas. He writes that women were important in themselves and that their roles as wives were most often "accidental". Gunson explains the different powers held by sacred women chiefs (priestesses) and women headmen (based on lineage) . He remarks that the latter group were not as uncormnon as scholars may think. Gunson discusses how, through the influences of missionaries and the manipulation of genealogies, chiefly women became obscured in history writing and in Polynesian societies. Gunson provides geneology charts as well as names of chiefly women, countries in which they had authority, and years of their rule.

0395 Ritterbush, S. Deacon 1987 Booty, Bait, Bystander or Brains?: the Woman's Role in Political Q1ange in 18th and 19th Centmy Polynesia. Paper presented at the Concepts and strategies: Women's studies in Different Cultural Contexts, November 1982, Honolulu, HI, USA. 40pp. UHjHAML Paccjli 510 .62 .R58 1987a

Ritterbush writes that Polynesian women of traditionally high status conunanded respect, privileges, and political authority. To exemplify traditional Polynesian women's "vital" political functions, Ritterbush assesses Particular events in Fiji, Tonga, Samoa, Tahiti, and Hawai'i. She concludes that "the more active and obvious the women's role, the more dramatic the political change in that society", that decentralized government tends to abate public politics of women, and that instances of dramatic socia-political change "allowed for greater female in-put in directing the changes of that period". 0396 Tarnai, Noriko 1984 Hinomaru 0 Koshi Ni Maite: Tekka Shofu, Takanashi Taka Ichidaiki (Wrapping the Hips with the Flag of Japan. A Hardened Prostitute: Taka Takanashi. A Biography, in Japanese). Tokyo, Japan: Gendaishi Shuppankai: Hatsubai Tokurna Shoten. 197pp. UHjHAML East/HQ 247.AS T277 1984 **

0397 Thomas, Nicholas 1987 Complementarity and History: Misrecognizing Gender in the Pacific. Oceania 57 (4): 261-270.

See entry 0303.

FIJI

0398 Knapman, Claudia 1989 Review of White Women in Fiji, 1835-1930: the Ruin of Empire? by Karen Tranberg Hansen. ~ 14 (4): 930-934.

0399 1989 Review of White Women in Fiji, 1835-1930: the Ruin of Empire? by M. MacIntyre. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Sociology 25 (2): 284-286.

0400 1989 Review of White Women in Fiji, 1835-1930: the Ruin of Empire? by D. Montgomerie. New Zealand Journal of History 23 (1): 94-96.

0401 1988 Review of White Women in Fiji, 1835-1930: the Ruin of Empire? by P. Grimshaw. Australian Historical studies 23 (90): 153-155. 0402 1987 Review of White Women in Fiji, 1835-1930: the Ruin of Empire? by Kay Saunders. Australian Journal of Politics and History 33 (2): 149-150.

0403 1987 Review of White Women in Fiji, 1835-1930: the Ruin of Empire? by caroline Ralston. '!he Journal of Pacific History: Pacific History Biblicgraphy & Comment: 43-44.

0404 1986 White Women in Fiji, 1835-1930: the Ruin of Empire? london, England: Allen & Unwin. 226pp. UHjHAML Pacc/HQ 1867 .7 .KS3 1986

Knapman writes that Western women were not the ruin of the British Empire. She describes the lives of roughly one hundred and fifty caucasian women making their new homes in viti Levu, OValau, Vanua Levu, and the Iau Group. She recounts a Period of just short of one hundred years, beginning with the first significant wave of EuroPean settlement and ending shortly before the heavy emigration of those pioneers' descendants. Knapman chiefly covers four categories of wives, including those of goverrnnent officials, Colonial Sugar Refining Company employees, indePendent planters and other entrepreneurs, and missionaries. Knapman is critical of other historians' oversight and manipulation of available resources, yet her own work is virtually absent of Fijian views about caucasian women. See also entries 0405 and 0409.

0405 Knapman, Claudia and Caroline Ralston 1989 Historical Patchwork: a Reply to John Young's 'Race and Sex in Fiji Re-visisted'. Journal of Pacific History 24 (2): 221-224.

In Knapman and Ralston's view, Young asserts that "because women had babies, and because they were there, they were both active ParticiPants in history and (equally?) responsible with men for deteriorating race relations". '!he authors state that Young "fails to take into account the more basic factors responsible for racial tension". Knapman and Ralston discuss Young's "misrepresentation" of their own persPectives, their view that his work "obfuscates, rather than clarifies, the issues", and Young's failure to "integrate women with historical processes". See entries 0404 and 0409.

0406 Lateef, Shireen 1987 Indo-Fijian Women: Past and Present. Manushi: a Journal About Women and Society 39: 2-10. **

0407 Shameem, Shaista 1985 When can We Be Free? Indo-Fijian Women and Struggle. Draft of a paper for presentation at the Australian Pacific Women's Peace Conference in Sydney, Australia. USP qto HQ 1867 .7 .S5 **

0408 Upton, Sue 1988 Female Face of Fiji. Pacific Island Focus 1 (1): 2-12.

See entry 0164.

0409 Young, John 1988 Race and Sex in Fiji Re-Visited. The Journal of Pacific History 23 (2): 214-222.

Young writes this article in response to Claudia Knaprnan's White Women in Fiji. He asserts that she misread his own conclusions made in his earlier 1968 and 1984 writings on the same subject. Young critically points out issues he feels Knaprnan has "obscured" in her book. He further discusses concepts of "racial tolerance" , white women's roles in founding settlement cormnunities, the "rape scare syndrome", shared prejudices, racial mixing, causes of social distancing, racial isolation, and supremacy. See also entries 0404 and 0405. FRENCH POLYNESIA

0410 Longley, Cherida 1989 A Woman Possessed: Interaction Between stranger and Native on Bligh's Second Breadfruit Voyage. Pacific Island Focus 1 (2): 61-80.

Longley documents Western sailors' "misinter­ pretation of Tahitian female morality". She writes that sailors, "like true cultural imperialists", used their 18th centmy British concepts of feminine conduct to measure that of Tahitian women. Longley focuses her work on Tobin, Bligh, and other sailors' accounts of Vaiareti and ' Itia, both wives of Pornare. She discusses Tahitian women's roles and status, Tahitian male-female relations (sexual and otherwise), culture gaps between Western sailors and , and consequences of this cross-cultural contact.

NEW CALEDONIA

0411 Centre de Formation Antoinette-de-la-Bassetiere 1982 Ia Femme "Kanake" (Kanak Woman, in French) . Noumea, New caledonia?: Centre de Formation Antionette-de-la-Bassetiere. 11pp. UH/HAML PaccjHQ 1867 .F46 1973a **

PAPUA NEW GUINEA

0412 Bulbeck, Chilla 1988 staying in Line or Getting out of Place: the Experiences of Expatriate Women in Papua New Guinea, 1920-1960; Issues of Race and Gender. working Papers in Australian Studies no 35. London, England: Sir Robert Menzies centre for Australian Studies, Institute of Conunonwealth studies, University of London. 22pp. UH/HAML PaccjHQ 1866.5 .B85 1988

Bul.beck's paper is based on Personal interviews that she and Deane Fergie conducted with expatriate women and New Guinean PeOple from 1986-88. In general tenus, Bulbeck's paper refers to caucasian women across the British Empire. SPeCifically, she discusses caucasian women's roles and status in PNG during the Australian colonial period. She provides an idea of caucasian women's 'proper' roles and the real interactions between caucasian women and New Guinean men. Bulbeck critically examines literature related to her topic.

0413 Denoon, Donald 1989 Medical care and Gender in Papua New Guinea. In Family and Gender in the Pacific: Domestic Contradictions and the Colonial Impact, edited by Margaret Jolly and Martha MacIntyre, 95-107. cambridge, England: cambridge University Press. UH/HAML Pacc/GN 663 .F36 1989

See entry 0375.

0414 Langmore, D. 1982 A Neglected Force: White Woman Missionaries in Papua 1874-1914. Journal of Pacific History 17 (3/4): 138-157.

Langmore reports that between 1874-1914, about a third of the missionaries in PNG were women. langmore focuses on the roles and status of the missioncrry wives and sisters in PNG during that time. First, there were the London Missionary Society wives, follov,red by the "auxilicrry" women missionaries of OUr lady of the Sacred Heart, the Methodist Sisters, and finally the Anglican women missionaries who went to :ENG under the authority of the Australian Board of Missions. langmore discusses these womens' successes, failures, attitudes/real status, actions, living conditions, health problems, frustrations, reasons for resignation, and lengths of services. 0415 Meggitt, M.J. 1989 Women in Conte.rrporary central Enga Society, Papua New Guinea in Family and Gender in the Pacific: Domestic Contradictions and the Colonial Impact, edited by Margaret Jolly and Martha MacIntyre, 135-155. cambridge, England: cambridge University Press. ~ Pacc/GN 663 .F36 1989

See entry 0334.

TONGA

0416 Kavapala, Helen 1988 The Impact of Colonialism on Women' s Lives in Tonga Between the 1830s and 1940s. Pacific Island Focus 1 (1): 90-104.

See entry 0345.

VANUATU

0417 Jolly, Margaret 1987 The Forgotten Women: a History of Migrant Labour and Gender Relations in Vanuatu. oceania 58 (2): 119-139.

See entry 0349. LAW & POLITICS

REGIONAL

0418 Douglas, Ngaire 1986 Pacific Isle Women Push Ahead. Pacific Magazine 11 (3): 42.

See entry 0050.

0419 Gunson, N. 1987 Sacred Women Chiefs and Female Headmen in Polynesian History. Journal of Pacific History 22 (3-4): 139-171.

See entry 0394.

0420 Margold, Jane and Donna Bellorado 1982? Matrilineal Societies of the Pacific: a Look at the Power of Contemporary Island Women. Unpublished document. 22pp. UHfHAML PaccjHQ 1865.7 .M37 1982

This is an earlier draft of their lenghtier paper titled Matrilineal Heritage: a Look at the Power of Contemporary Micronesian Women. See entry 0293.

0421 Mugford, Jane, ed 1985 Corrections in Asia and the Pacific: ProceedinqS of the sixth Asian and Pacific Conference of Correctional Administrators« Fiji, May 13-17« 1985. ** ** 0422 Pulea, Mere 1985 The legal status of Women in the South Pacific. In Women in Development in the South Pacific: Barriers and Opportunities; Paper Presented at a Conference Held in Vanuatu From 11 to 14 August 1984, edited by mc, ANU, 33-68. canberra, Australia: mc, ANU. UHjHAML PaccjHQ 1865 .6 .W66 1985

Pulea writes that legislation concerning women often reflects women' s perceived roles and status in a nation. She discusses women's rights according to various Island nations' constitutions and legislation, including political, citiZenship, land, employment, maternity, marriage, child custody, and alimony rights. Pulea remarks that, although there are legal channels for sexually discriminated women, most women are unaware of them. See also entry 0092.

COOK ISLANDS

0423 James, Margaret 1986 Cook Islands: Approaching Equality. In land Rights of Pacific Women, edited by USP, IPS, 111-124. Suva, Fiji: IPS, USP. UHjHAML PaccjHD 1120 .7 .Z7 L15 1986

James reports that traditional land tenure was under the authority of men. She traces the changes made to the system from the first Western missionaries in the 1820s, coupled with a change in political power and valued land use, through the period of New Zealand's colonization, when land laws were neither traditional nor contemporary. She comparatively examines land systems of contemporary Rarotonga and customary Mangaia. James remarks that women's rights have not changed since the turn of the century; instead, it is the Courts' understanding of customary law which has changed. She concludes that women are increasely dominant at family meetings about land issues. FIJI

0424 Belin, Atu 1989 Fiji's Coup: Women in the Wake. In Coup and Crisis: Fiji - a Year later, edited by Satendra Prasad, 27-33. North carlton, victoria, Australia: Arena Publications. UHjHAML Pace/DO 600 .8 .C68 1988

Belin comparatively analyzes the Alliance and Coalition political parties' policies concerning women. '!he author asserts there is a correlation between Fiji's political envirornnent and the rise in domestic abuse against women and the exploitation of women in the workplace. Belin critically remarks on the effectiveness and policy direction of the Ministry of Women's Affairs headed by Adi Finau Tabakaucoro. In her paper, Belin reviews women's actions through Belck to Early May Movement. She concludes that the new Fiji constitution will likely continue to "underrepresent" and further "marginalize" women.

0425 Bolabola, Cerna 1986 Fiji: customary Constraints and Legal Process. In land Rights of Pacific Women, edited by USP, IPS, 1-67. Stwa, Fiji: IPS, USP. UHjHAML PacejHD 1120 .7 .Z7 Ll5 1986

Bolabola writes that traditional land tenure in Fiji varied widely and was standardized by the colonial government. She details the history of Fijian women's statutory and customary land rights, a traditionally male domain. She discusses both use and ownership rights, and how contemporary and customary laws affect those rights. Bolabola includes several case studies and concludes that women's land rights are a direct reflection of their status in Fijian society.

0426 Four Corners 1987 Fiji: Belckground to the Coup. 18 May 1987. UH/HAML PacejReprint File 21 .13

'!his transcript of the Australian television video is a discussion about the factors surrounding the May 1987 Fiji Coup. Discussants are Marian Wilkinson (host), Ratu Sir Penaia Ganilau, Lieutenant Colonel sitiveni Rabuka, Kuini Bavadra, and others. Although this transcript does not Pertain to women Per se, it is in this bibliograpy because the interview includes reponses by Kuini Bavadra, wife of the deposed Fijian president Bavadra.

0427 Griffen, Vanessa 1987 Women and the Coups in Fiji. Unpublished document. 14pp. UHjHAML PaccjHQ 1869 .F5 G75 1987

Griffen reviews the general socio-political situation in Fiji after the coups. In discussing how women have been affected by the coups, Griffen writes that the sexual abuse and torture of women has risen. She suggests that the increase in , esPeCially Indo-Fijian women, is "a by-product of the militarisation of Fiji". Economic hardships facing women include wage cuts, job losses, and alimony reductions. Political organizations representing womens' stance against the military coups include the Back to Early May Movement and the Fiji Women's Rights Movement. In reaction to the revising of the constitution, Griffen remarks that it is the "subordination of women to the fonn of their traditional roles without any of the powers and status they may have held traditionally". She concludes that the coups have worked to the "detriment and denigration" of women's status.

0428 Jalal, Patricia 1988 The Urban Woman: victim of a Changing Social Environment. In Environment and Pacific Women: From the Globe to the Village, edited by r.eatuailevao Ruby Va'a and Joan Martin Teaiwa, 30-37. Suva, Fiji: FAWG with IPS, USP. UHjHAML PaccjHQ 1865 .6 .E69 1988

Jalal describes her women legal clientele as mostly in fiancial straits, unorganiZed and domestic skilled laborers, squatters, single mothers, and having "temporary husbands". She profiles two of her clients. The first is an Indo-Fijian woman from Sigatoka who has been legally struggling to obtain paternity payments from a "temporary husband". The second is an urban Fijian woman who is a victim of domestic violence. Jalal writes that there are a greater mnnber of women as heads of household and a decline in traditional sup}X>rt. She re}X>rts that, although there is "steadily increasing" abuse of women, about 64% of domestic violence cases are dropPed. Jalal concludes that "until women are financially indePendent they will remain powerless".

0429 Koroi, JokaPeci T. 1985 The Politics of Women. In Graduate Women as catalysts for Change and Development: Fiji Association of Women Graduates, First Biennial Conference, Friday, 3D-Saturday, 31 August 1985, Grand Pacific Hotel, Suva, edited by FAWG, 54-57. Suva, Fiji: FAWG. ** Koroi writes that while women have authority in the domestic realm, men continue to dominate the public forum. She calls for a COOPerative women's effort to build "self-confidence and... encourage each other" to work in and "grow" within the existing }X>litical system. Koroi includes an extensive quote fram Annie Williams.

0430 Nabuva, Taina and Betty Schultz 1986 Prostitution: Problem or Profitable Industry? In Fijians in Town, edited by Christopher Griffen and Mike Monsell-Davis. Suva, Fiji: IPS, UPS. UH/HAML PaccjHT 149 .F6 F46 1986

See entry 0153.

0431 Narayan, Irene Jai 1985 Women and Politics. In Graduate Women as catalYsts for Change and Development: Fiji Association of Women Graduates, First Biennial Conference, Friday, 3D-Saturday, 31 August 1985, Grand Pacific Hotel, Suva, edited by FAWG, 47-53. Suva, Fiji: FAWG. ** Narayan oPens her presentation with a discourse on how Mal:garet Thatcher, Indira Gandhi, Mrs. Bandaranaike, and Golda Meir became Prime Ministers. She overviews the women in the Fiji House of Representatives and Senate. Narayan recounts the political elections of herself, Adi lDsalini Davi, I.Drna Livingstone, Rosala Logavatu, Anaseini Qionibaravi, and Akanisi Dreunimisimisi. She remarks that education as well as the "soft areas" of health, consmner affairs, and social welfare have been the past political interests of women. Narayan closes with Personal comments about her own political rise and rewards.

0432 Patel, Vasantika 1985 Women as Victims - Men as Victims. In Graduate Women as catalysts for O1ange and Development: Fiji Association of Women Graduates, First Biennial Conference, Friday, 30-Saturday, 31 August 1985. Grand Pacific Hotel, StNa, edited by FAWG, 42-46. Suva, Fiji: FAWG. ** Firstly, Patel asserts that the citiZenship law in O1apter III, section 23 of the Fiji Constitution discriminates against Fijian women's foreign husbands. Secondly, Patel discusses domestic violence, more SPeCifically wife battering. 'Ihirdly, Patel argues that the Matrimonial causes Act needs to be refo:rmed to sPeed the act of divorce; she also addresses issues of finance (section 86 of the Matrimonial causes Act) and alimony (Maintenance and Affiliation Act). Patel concludes that victimization of one sex inevitably victimizes the other sex.

0433 Shameem, Shaista 1985 When Can We Be Free? Indo-Fijian Women and Struggle. Draft prepared for the Australian Pacific Women's Peace Conference, Sydney, Australia. USP qto Hq 1867 .7 . S5

** 0434 United Nations Economic and Social Corrnnission for Asia and the Pacific 1987 Achievements of the UN Decade for Women in Asia and the Pacific. Bangkok, Thailand: UN FSCAP. 282pp. UH/HAML GOVD/ST/FSCAP/434

See entry 0163.

0435 Wong, Margaret P. 1985 constitutional and Legal Rights and Restrictions of Women in Fiji. In Graduate Women as catalvsts for Change and Development: Fiji Association of Women Graduates, First Biennial Conference, Friday, 30-Saturday, 31 August 1985, Grand Pacific Hotel, SlNa, edited by FAW3, 27-41. SlNa, Fiji: FAWG. ** Wong writes that, on the whole, men's and women's constitutional rights in Fiji are equal. She writes a discourse on the philosophy of equal rights for women from the time of Plato through Lord Denning. Wong then focuses on how the Fijian constitution affects women. SPeCifically, she reviews sections 19, 20, 22, 23, 26, and 134, all of which address women as seParate from men. In greater detail, Wong explains the following in regard to women's rights: Errployment Act, Shop (Regulation and Errployment) Act, Fiji National Provident Fund Act, Matrimonial causes Act, Married Woman's Property Act, and Maintenance and Affiliation Act. She believes that although an equalization of the law is needed, the "attitudes" of both sexes towards women's rights are "ParamOunt" in changing the treatment of women.

GUAM

0436 Soudero.Jaffe:ry, laura Marie Torres 1988 Review of Daughters of the Island: Contemporary Chamorro Women Organizers of Guam by K.E. James. Journal of the Polynesian Society 97 (4): 477-479. 0437 1987 Daughters of the Island: Contemporary Chamorro Women Organizers of Guam. Mangiloa, Guam: MARC, University of Guam. 259pp. UH/HAML PaccjHQ 1866 .S68 1987

'Ibis is the published version of a PhD disseration. See entry 0062.

0438 1985 New Perspectives on the Chamorro Female Experience: case Studies on Nine Contemporary Chamorro Women Organizers. PhD dissertation, UH at Manoa. 407pp.

See entry 0062.

0439 Weeks, Janet 1989 Presentation by Judge Janet Weeks to the Workshop on Women and the law. In Fourth Regional Conference of Pacific Women

Weeks writes about personal experiences and law in Guam and the US. She discusses contributions women can make as judges. Weeks describes the evolution of the court system's handling of domestic abuse, remarking that the number of recorded cases has risen. Weeks also dicusses women as criminals. She reports that women are increasingly prosecuted for violent crimes. Weeks reviews themes concerning women criminals.

NEW CALEDONIA

0440 Centre de Fonnation Antionette-de-la-Bassetiere. 1982 la Fermne "Kanake" (the Kanak Woman, in French) . Noumea, New caledonia?: Centre de Fonnation Antionette-de-la- Bassetiere. 11pp. UHjHAML PaccjHQ 1867 .F46 1973a ** 0441 OUnei, Susarma 1985 Women and the Kanak Liberation Struggle. Keadilan­ Praxis: 11-12. **

0442 Steele, John and Mel Mason 1985 Kanak Women in Independence Struggle: Interview with FINKS Activist Susarma OUnei. Intercontinental Press 23 (4). **

PAPUA NEW GUINEA

0443 Bonnell, Susan 1982 Equal Participation by Women: the Role of Women's Councils at National and Provincial Level. In From Rhetoric to Reality?, edited by Peter King, Wendy Lee, and vincent Warakai, 51-57. Port Moresby, PNG: UPNG Press. UH/HAML Pace/li 740 .A2 W252 1982

See entry 0017.

0444 Goverrnnent of Papua New Guinea, Department of Labour and Employment 1984 Terms and Conditions of Employment for Papua New Guinea Women. occasional Paper no 2/1984. Boroko, Port Moresby, PNG: Department of Labour and Employment, Goverrnnent of PNG. 19pp. UH/HAML PacejHD 6220 .5 .T47 1984a

See entry 0183.

0445 Johnson, Dianne D. 1984 The Goverrnnent Women: Gender and Structural Contradiction in Papua New Guinea. PhD dissertation, University of Sydney. 321 pp. UH/HAML Microfiche V00040

See entry 0328. 0446 1982 Women, Education and Bureaucratic Leadership in From Rhetoric to Reality?, edited by Peter King, Wendy Lee, and vincent Warakai, 121-133. Port Moresby, PNG: UPNG Press. UH/HAML Pacc/OO 740 .A2 W252 1982

See entry 0260.

0447 Kamit, winifred 1982 Married Women and the Public service Act. In From Rhetoric to Reality?, edited by Peter King, Wendy Lee, and Vincent Warakai, 144-147. Port Moresby, PNG: UPNG Press. UHjHAML Pacc/OO 740 .A2 W252 1982

Kamit analyzes provisions in the PNG Public Service Act which specifically discriminate against married female public servants. First, Kamit explains the significance of being an "appointed" public servant. She asserts that in sections 59 (2) and 114 married women officers are blatantly discriminated against on the basis of "special circumstances". Furthermore, Kamit writes that sections 116 and 117 basically make married women public servants' positions "less pennanent". Also, section 117 discloses that women cannot have head of household status unless so given by the Public Service commission. Finally, Kamit writes that section 118 makes non-head of household married female public servants ineligible for certain benefits which are available to men and single women. Kamit concludes that these provisions contradict the equal participation intent of the PNG constitution.

0448 Kivung, Peri, Maria D.::>iwa, and Susan Cox 1982 Women and Crime: Women and Violence. In From Rhetoric to Reality?, edited by Peter King, Wendy Lee, and vincent Warakai, 74-80. Port Moresby, PNG: UPNG Press. UH/HAML Pacc/OO 740 .A2 W252 1982

In the first half of this paper, Kivung, D.::>iwa, and Cox present data from 1979-80 which profile serious crimes committed by women. '!he authors find that statistics indicate a relatively constant rate of violent crimes conunitted by women. Also, they find that most murders conunitted by women relate to domestic situtations and that their victbns were never random, unlike victbns of rna.le murderers. The authors discuss how the law deals with murder as evoked by domestic abuse and they include a jUdge's discourse on a case study. They briefly mention other offenses like theft, forgery, and fraud. In the second half of this report, the authors review which crimes are directed at women, focusing on sexual abuse and domestic murder. The authors conclude that crimes conunitted by women and those which victimize women represent womens' "secondary position".

0449 Mitchell, Barbara H. 1982 Family law in Village Courts: the Woman's Position. In From Rhetoric to Reality?, edited by Peter King, Wendy Lee, and vincent Warakai, 81-91. Port Moresby, PNG: UPNG Press. UH/HAML Pace/OO 740 .A2 W252 1982

Mitchell writes an historical review of the establishment and functions of the village court system. She reports that courts are rna.ndated to uphold customary law which, in rna.ny cases, discriminates against the equal rights of women. In this context, Mitchell reports the ways in which village courts resolve issues of bridewealth paYment, polygamy, adultery, domestic violence, desertion, customary divorce, rna.trimonial property rights, and child custody disputes. Finally, Mitchell discusses the difficulties faced by women in village courts, inclUding discriminatory customary law, predominance of rna.le rna.gistrates, and women's lack of public speaking skills.

0450 Warry, Wayne 1986 Kafaina: Female-wealth and Power in Chuave, Papua New Guinea. Ooeania 57 (1): 4-21.

See entry 0031. TONGA ...

0451 Ellem, Elizabeth Wood 1987 Queen Salote Tupou of Tonga as 'I'll'i Fefine. The Journal of Pacific History 22 (4): 209-227.

See entry 0069.

0452 Herda, Phyllis 1987 Gender, Rank and Pow'er in 18th Century Tonga. The Journal of Pacific History 22 (4): 195-208.

See entry 0070.

0453 Moengagongo, Mosikaka 1986 Tonga: legal Constraint and Social Potentials. In land Rights of Pacific Women, edited by USP, IPS, 87-102. Suva, Fiji: IPS, USP. UHfHAML PaccjHD 1120 .7 .Z7 Ll5 1986

Moengangongo writes that, although women do have some traditional rights to land, their "silent rights" are those of most social importance. She reviews traditional Tongan society and land tenure, including inheritance laws, and she reports on women's land rights in particular. Moengangongo discusses how the 1963 land Act of Tonga affects widows' concerning inheritance, occupation of land, and rights to land after remarriage. She remarks that women's lack of land ownership makes securing bank loans difficult, and hence affects their economic status.

0454 United Nations Economic and Social Connnission for Asia and the Pacific 1987 Achievements of the UN Decade for Women in Asia and the Pacific. Bangkok, Thailand: UN ESCAP. 282pp. UHfHAML GOVD/ST/ESCAP/434

See entry 0163. VANUATU

0455 Kermeth, Ibrsthy and Henlyn Silas 1986 Vanuatu: Traditional Diversity and Moden1 Unifonnity. In land Rights of Pacific Women, edited by USP, IPS, 68-86. SUva, Fiji: IPS, USP. UHfHAML PaccjHD 1120 .7 .Z7 Ll5 1986

Kermeth and Silas report on ni-Vanuatu women's land rights. '!hey distinguish customary from legal rights to land. '!he authors explain that women are traditionally linked to land either through their father or husband, and their rights to that land are lost with marriage or widowhood. '!hey describe inheritance rules affecting women's kin. Finally, Kermeth and Silas discuss how urban women's land rights may either be preserved or conditional. '!hey conclude that ni-Vanuatu women's rights to land remain secondary.

0456 Molisa, Grace 1985 Vanuatu Women's Development since Independence. In Women in Development in the South Pacific: Barriers and Opportunities; Papers Presented at a Conference Held in Vanuatu From 11 to 14 August 1984, edited by DSC, ANU, 215-217. canberra, Australia: DSC, ANU. UHfHAML Pacc/HQ 1865 .6 .W66 1985

See entry 0227.

0457 United Nations Economic and Social Connnission for Asia and the Pacific 1987 Achievements of the UN Decade for Women in Asia and the Pacific. Bangkok, 'Ihailand: UN ESCAP. 282pp. UHfHAML GOVD/ST/ESCAP/434

See entry 0163. WESTERN SAMOA

0458 Fana'afi, Aiono 1986 Western Samoa: '!he Sacred Covenant. In land Riqhts of Pacific Women, edited by USP, IPS, 103-110. Suva, Fiji: IPS, USP. UHjHAML PaccjHD 1120 .7 .Z7 Ll5 1986

Fana'afi explains Samoan women's land rights in tenus of the fa'arnatai (Samoan social structure). Fana'afi writes that women with matai (chiefly) titles have rights equal to those of men concerning customary family land holdings. Non-matai women generally do not have any authority over land, though they do have access to its use. Fana'afi concludes by briefly discussing freehold land and the 1972 Non-Alienation of lands Act.

0459 Pryor, Takiora Ingram 1987 W Samoa's Fiame Naomi Mata'afa. Pacific Magazine 12 (2): 41.

See entry 0071.

0460 Schoeffel, Penelope 1987 Rank, Gender and Politics in Ancient Samoa: the Genealogy of Salarnasina 0 I.e Tafaifa. '!he Journal of Pacific HistokY 22 (4): 174-193.

See entry 0072.

0461 United Nations Economic and Social Conrrnission for Asia and the Pacific 1987 Achievements of the UN Decade for Women in Asia and the Pacific. Bangkok, 'Ihailand: UN ESCAP. 282pp. UHjHAML GOVD/ST/ESCAP/434

See entry 0163. LITERATURE & THE ARTS

REGIONAL

0462 Hanunond, Joyce D. 1986 Polynesian Women and Tifaifai: Fabrications of Identity. Journal of American Folklore 99 (393): 259-279.

Hanunond writes an history of the incorporation of Western quilting with traditional tapa naking in Hawai' i, Cook Islands, , and Austral Islands. She recounts the story of the first quilts introduced by missionaries in Hawai' i and how the artfonn spread through parts of Polynesia. Hannnond reviews the process of tapa naking, its traditional value and uses, tOUching upon Polynesian women's implied roles and status, and suggests why Western cloth grew to be popular. '!he applique quilts, called Tifaifai, combine the symmetric patterns of both tapa and piecework with colors and designs based on those of traditional tapa. Hammond writes that through artistic choices of design, symbolism, and use, tifaifai gives Polynesian women a means to express "their own identities". She reports that tifaifai designs may be patented in the Cook Islands.

0463 Trading Partners (Australia) Limited 1983 Rewrt on the Mission for the Promotion of South Pacific Women's Handicrafts. 14pp. USP Pac HF 5439 .H27 R4 **

FRENCH POLYNESIA

0464 Reutersward, P. 1984 Gauguin and Tahitian Women (Images in His later Paintings). Konsthistorisk Tidskrift 53 (2): 79-85.

** KIRIBATI

0465 Bataua, Batiri T. 1986 The Evolution of the Dance in Kiribati. Pacific Magazine 11 (1): 41.

Bataua rep:::>rts how contact with other Pacific Islands and the West has changed I -Kiribati dances, costumes, and accompanying music. I-Kiribati dances now incorporate the waltz, rock and roll, disco, karate, batere, and break dancing. Costumes today include tops for women, Melanesian spears, Polynesian skirts, and headresses made of other imported materials. Where body slapping and ground stamping used to prevail, music on Western cassettes sometimes accompanies perfonnances today.

466 1986 Kiribati Boosting Handicraft. Pacific Magazine 11 (3): 34.

See entry 0013.

PAPUA NEW GUINEA

0467 May, Ronald James 1984 Kaikai Aniani: Guide to Bush Foods, Markets and CUlinary Arts of Papua New Guinea. Bathurst, NSW, Australia: Raker Brown. 192pp. SPC/FJ 641.59953 MAY

** SOLOMON ISLANDS

0468 Bayliss-Smith, Tim 1987 Tattooing on Ontong Java, Solomon Islands. JOUTI1al of the Polynesian Society 96 (1): 107-110.

See entry 0289.

0469 Pryor, Takiora Ingram 1987 Solomon's Bold Poet Jully Makini. Pacific Magazine 12 (5): 55.

See entry 0068.

WESTERN SAMOA

0470 Marquardt, Karl 1986 Review of '!he Tattooing in Both Sexes in Samoa, by Bradd Shore. JOUTI1al of the Polynesian Society 96 (4): 513-515. RELIGION

REGIONAL

0471 Deverell, Gwen 1983 What are Pacific Church Women Talking About? Pacific Perspective 11 (2): 68-70.

Deverell briefly discusses how women's roles and status may be reinterpreted by closer examination of Genesis, Christ in the New Testament, and biblical heroines (specifically, Miriam the Prophetess and the woman who touched Jesus' clothing). She writes that Christian ethics reinforce traditional Pacific views toward women.

472 Pacific Conference of Churches 1986 Pacific Church Women's Regional Conference, Fatu-O-Aiga-Tafuna, American Samoa, 7 to 11th September 1986: Proceedings. Suva, Fiji: Lotu Pasifika Productions. 149pp. UHjHAML PaccjBV 4527 . P33 1986

See entry 0003.

0473 Randall, Shirley 1984 Participation of Women in the Evaluation of Church-Funded Development Projects. In Women, Aid & Development: Proceedings of a Workshop, edited by Lyn Melville, 103-107. Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia: WDNA with ADAB. UHjHAML PaccjHQ 1870 .9 .W67 1983

See entry 0115. 0474 steadman, Lyle B. 1985 The Killing of witches. oceania 56 (2): 106-123.

steadman corrparatively examines the hann and execution of accused witches in Medieval Europe, PNG, and the US. He states that what is of importance is not whether the woman is really a witch, but that the hann or execution of her will affectively threaten persons whom are the real menace. steadman remarks that the killing of witches is necessarily a cooperative act in order for the "social consequences" to be predictabley safe.

PAPUA NEW GUINEA

0475 Langmore, D. 1982 A Neglected Force: White Woman Missionaries in Papua 1874-1914. Journal of Pacific History 17 (3/4): 138-157.

See entry __.

WESTERN SAMOA

0476 Roach, Elizabeth Marchette 1984 From English Mission to Samoan Congregation: Women and Church in Rural Western Samoa. PhD disseration, Columbia University. Arm Arbor, MI, USA: UMI. 274pp. UHjHAML Pacc/OO 819 .A2 R63 1984a

Roach provides an historical review of missionary influences and Samoan responses to those influences during the 1800s. She is Particularly interested in how women have been affected by Christian imposed practices of gender relations. Roach's thesis is that Samoan women's contemporary identity is a "complex" integration of Samoan and English missionary values of gender relations. She considers missionary influences which, for examples, extended taboos and altered the extant political system (rnatai were often the traditional priests) . Roach remarks that while the missionaries created different opportunities for women to gain status and power, men have been offered greater opportunities. AUTHOR INDEX

Achika, Faau'uga Lutu 0252 (0057, 0363) Action Centre for Women in Need 0366 Afeaki, Emiliana 0216 (0267) Afoa, leane Asalele 0351 Agar, Janet 0139, 0157, 0158, 0159 Agarwal, Bina 0285, 0286 Aguon, Pacita Cruz 0259 (0278) Aitsi, Louis 0322 Apan, Margaret 0016 (0174) Asia and Pacific Development Center 0088 Asian Development Bank 0088 Asian-Pacific Population Prograrrnne News 0089 Asian-South Pacific Bureau of Adult Education 0090, 0091, 0237, 0238, 0239, 0240 Australian Development Aid Bureau, Women's Affairs Office, Vanuatu 0092 Australian National University, Development Studies Centre 0092 Bach, Franc;ois 0364 Badcock, Jacqui 0354, 0364 Bain, Atu 0424 Banwell, C. 0138 Basow, Susan A. 0307 Bataua, Batiri T. 0013 (0466), 0465 Bavadra, Kuini 0093 Bayliss-smith, Tim 0289 (0468) Beccalossi, Marie-claire 0015, 0231 Bellorado, Donna 0293 (0421) Betu, Willie 0032 (0210), 0033 (0211), 0034 (0212) Bogner, P. 0064 Bolabola, Cerna 0140, 0141, 0142, 0355, 0425 Bonnell, Susan 0017 (0175, 0443) Brabin, L. 0373 Brown, Bungtabu 0176 Brown, Paula 0023 (0199, 0296), 0271, 0320 Bulbeck, Chilla 0412 Centre de Formation Antoinette-de-la-Bassetiere 0411 (0440) Chandra, Rajesh 0143 Chapman, Margaret D. 0094 Chilcott, Jennifer 0095 Choroszy, Melisa 0253 Cole, R.V. 0096 Connell, John 0097 Cool, Brent A. 0253 Counts, Dorothy Ayers 0321 (0374) Cox, Elizabeth 0074, 0075, 0322 Cox, Susan 0448 Crocornbe, Marjorie Tuainekore 0241 Davin, Delia 0158 Denoon, Donald 0375 (0065, 0413) DeRoeck, Denise 0356, 0357 Deverell, Gwen 0471 (0290) Dickerson-Putnam, Jeanette 0018 (0178), 0177 Dickie, M. 0098 Doiwa, Maria 0448 Doiwa, Seb 0376 Douglas, Ngaire 0050 (0099, 0418) Douglas, Peggy 0253 Ellem, Elizabeth Wood 0069 (0451) Elymore, Amato 0364 Elymore, Jane 0364 Fahey, Stephanie 0179 (0282, 0323), 0180 Faletau, Meleseini 0342 Fana'afi, Aiono 0458 Feinberg, Richard 0181 (0324) Fiji National Council of Women 0144, 0145 Finney, Ben R. 0024 (0200) Fisher, Judith 0197 Fleming, Sue 0100, 0146 (0168, 0173, 0213, 0217), 0218, 0219 (0036) Four Corners 0426 Frankel, Stephan 0325 (0377) Frankland, Linda 0335 Fritz, Valentine S. 0365 Gailey, Christine Ward 0220 (0343) Gans, Lydia 0389 Gelber, Marilyn G. 0326, 0327 Gewertz, Deborah 0272 (0297) Glick, Paula Brawn (see Paula Brawn) Goodman, Raymond 0182 Goodwillie, Dianne 0101, 0283 Gove:rnment of Fiji, Ministry of Education 0147 Gove:rnment of Papua New Guinea, Deparbnent of Labour and Employment 0183 (0444) Gove:rnment of Papua New Guinea, Women' s Division of the Deparbnent of Home Affairs and Youth 0084 Green, Karen Reed 0054 Griffen, Vanessa 0358, 0359, 0427 Grimshaw, P. 0401 Gunson, N. 0394 (0419) Hailey, John M. 0102 Halatuituia, Lasalle 0037 (0221) Hammond, Joyce D. 0462 Hansen, Karen Tranberg 0398 Hanson, Allan F. 0291 Harui-Walsh, Eulalia 0306 (0254) Herda, Phyllis 0070 (0452) Herdt, Gilbert 0337, 0338 Herr, Barbara 0367 Hetler, carol B. 0103 Hosie, Bernard P. 0014 (0169) Hughes, Helen 0104 Hughes, Philip J. 0207 Hume, Lynne 0348 Ifeka, caroline 0170, 0171 (0225) Ikahihifo, Talita 0386 Israel, Ronald 0048 (0378) Jalal, Patricia 0428 (0148), 0428 James, Kerry 0060 (0279, 0436), 0344 James, Margaret 0423 Johnson, Dianne D. 0049, 0260 (0446), 0328 (0445) Johnson, Giff 0051 (0105) Johnson, Patricia Lyons 0184 Jolly, Margaret 0349 (0417) Josephides, Lisette 0329, 0330, 0331 Joyce, Peta 0359 Kahn, M. 0274 (0301) Kamikarnica, Esiteri 0012 (0308), 0253 Kamit, Winifred 0447 Kari, Hilda 0214 Kavapala, Helen 0345 (0416) Keating, Maree 0106 Keesing, Roger M. 0067 Kekedo, Rose 0185 Kenneth, Dorsthy 0455 Khoo, Siew-Ean 0103 Kikau, Eci 0001 (0107) King, Lili 0242 Kivung, Peri 0448 Knapman, Claudia 0405 (0277), 0398, 0399, 0400, 0401, 0402, 0403, 0404 Knieriemen, Linda 0368 Koroi, Jokapeci T. 0429 Kroon, Marjan 0108, 0256 (0149) Kulupi, Sunerna P. 0287 (0288) Lal, Brij V. 0309 (0369) Lal, Padrna 0150 Langmore, D. 0414 (0475) Langness, L.L. 0326 Larcom, Joan Clayton 0151 (0222, 0226, 0232) Lateef, Shireen 0152 (0257), 0310, 0406 Latu, Sela 0037 (0221) Lechte, Ruth E. 0101, 0109, 0157, 0158, 0159, 0283 Ledennan, Rena 0329 Lee, Wendy 0019 Lepani, Charles 0182 Levy, SUe 0371 Lidz, R.W. 0332 Lidz, T. 0332 Liloquila, Ruth 0110 Lindenba.mn, Shirley 0270 (0295) Lini, Hilda 0269 Lockwood, Victoria Joralemon 0166 Longley, Cherida 0410 (0317) Longo, Arlene 0359 Lucas, David 0095 MacConnack, carol 0292 MacDonald, Telesia 0268 MacIntyre, Martha 0379, 0399 Mandie, Angela 0333 Manumanua, Angela 0261 Margold, Jane 0293 (0420) Marquardt, Karl 0470 Marshall, Leslie B. 0380, 0381 Martin, Naomi 0262 Mason, Mel 0063 (0442) May, Ronald James 0382 (0467) McConnaghy, Gloria 0368 Meggitt, M.J. 0334 (0415) Meleisea, Penny Schoeffel (see Penelope Schoeffel) Melville, Lyn 0106 Mitchell, Barbara H. 0449 Moengangongo, Mosikaka 0346, 0453 Moimmoi, Mele 0037 (0221) Molisa, Grace 0227 (0456) Montgamerie, D. 0400 Moran, Kathleen 0045 Morauta, Louise 0187, 0294 Morawetz, David 0182 Mugford, Jane 0421 Nabuva, Taina 0153 (0430) Nagari, Yasap 0188 (0263) Naikatini, Unaisi 0154 Nakikus, Margaret 0189, 0190 Narayan, Irene Jai 0431 (0058) Nardi, Bonnie Anna 0390 Ng, Cecilia 0157 Northern Marianas Women's Association 0083 O'Brien, Denise 0270 (0295), 0271 (0296), 0272 (0297), 0273 (0298) O'Collins, Maev 0092 Ogi, H. Papi 0191 a 'Hanlon, Michael 0335 Osteria, Trinidad S. 0388 CUnei, Susanna 0441 Pacific Conference of Churches 0003 (0472) Pacific Infonnation Centre, USP 0040 Pacific Magazine 0004 Pacific Regional Women's Non~vernmental Organization 0041 Pacific Woman 0076 Pacific Women's Resource Bureau (see South Pacific connnission) Pan-Pacific and South East Asia Women's Association 0081 Panure, Monalisa 0386 Parkinson, SUsan 0360 Parsons, Claire D.F. 0387 Patel, Vasantika 0432 Pearson, Janice 0116 (0053) Peteru, Maiava Visekota Ruth 0087 Philibert, Jean-Marc 0228 Pollard, Alice 0341 Pollock, Nancy J. 0112 (0361) Poole, Fitz John Porter 0336 (0383), 0337, 0338 Powers, Stephen 0253 Prince, Baden 0035 (0215) Pryor, Pamela Takiora Ingram 0113 (0005, 0052) Pryor, Takiora Ingram 0059 (0155), 0068 (0469), 0071 (0459) Pulea, Mere 0114, 0422 Ralston, caroline 0403, 0405 (0277), 0299 Randall, Shirley 0115 (0473) Rarua, Kathleen 0350 Renshaw, Jean R. 0300 Reutersward, P. 0464 Rimoldi, Eleanor 0292 (0337) Ritterbush, S. Deacon 0042, 0116 (0053), 0395 Roach, Elizabeth Marchette 0476 (0352) Robertson, Annette 0370 Rogers, Barbara 0192 Rokotuivuna, Amelia 0117 (0243) Rosenberg, cathy Lynn 0020, 0339 Samana, Fungke Z. 0194, 0195 (193) Samisoni, Mere Tuisalala 0156 Saunders, Kay 0402 Scaletta, Naomi 0384 Schoeffel, Penelope 0002 (0111), 0021 (0039, 0196, 0233), 0072 (0460), 0119, 0120, 0121, 0172, 0186, 0197, 0244 (0118, 0362) Schramm, Mary 0161 Schultz, Betty 0153 (0430) Schulzwolfgramm, C. 0064 Seddon, Sally Bruce 0022 (0198) Sexton, Lorraine Dusak 0023 (0199), 0024 (0200), 0025 (0201), 0026 (0202), 0027 (0203), 0028 (0204), 0029 (0205) Shah, Nasra M. 0056 Sharneem, Shaista 0407 (0433) Shore, Bradd 0470 Silas, Henlyn 0455 Simi, Nomnea 0235 Simmons, Denita Vasiti 0043, 0078, 0157, 0158, 0159 Simon-McWilliams, Ethel 0054 Sio, Brenda L. 0391 Siwatibau, Suliana 0122, 0157, 0158, 0159 Slatter, Claire 0044, 0045, 0142, 0150, 0284, 0311 (0340, 0347, 0353) Small, cathy A. 0038 (0223) Smith, David 0325 (0377) Smith, Susan J.K. 0229 Sofield, carol 0157, 0158, 0159 Solomon Islands National COl.ll1cil of Women 0086 Soltan-Mohannnadi, Pari 0123 Souder~affery, Laura Marie Torres 0060 (0279, 0436), 0061 (0280, 0437), 0062 (0281, 0438) South Pacific Commission 0006 (0124), 0007 (0130), 0046 (0126, 0245), 0077, 0079, 0088, 0125, 0127, 0128, 0129, 0246 Steadman, Lyle B. 0474 Steele, John 0063 (0442) Strathern, Andrew 0026 (0202) Strathern, Marilyn 0025 (0201), 0206, 0274 (0301), 0275 (0302), 0292 stratigos, S. 0207 Sue, Mee Kwain 0247 Sullivan, Karen Collamore 0047 Sutton, Shanta 0162 Tabakaucoro, Adi Finau 0131 Tagoilelagi, Iole 0248 Tarnai, Noriko 0055 (0396) Taylor, Richard 0372 Thomas, Nicholas 0303 (0397), 0318 Thomas, Pamela 0393 (0234), 0235, 0392 Tiffany, Sharon W. 0270 (0295), 0271 (0296), 0272 (0297), 0273 (0298), 0276 Tololo, Nerrie 0208 (0030) Tongamoa, Taiamoni 0008 (0132), 0304 Trading Partners (Australia) Limited 0463 Tuiasosopo, Afioga Pulefa'asisina P.M. 0133 Tuivaga, Jesse 0312 Tukuafu, Monalisa 0219 (0036), 0100 Turner, Diane Michalski 0313 United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific 0080, 0163 (0224, 0230, 0236, 0434, 0454, 0457, 0461) United Nations Educational, scientific, and CUltural Organization, Principal Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific 0073, 0249 United Nations Educational, Scientific, and CUltural organization, Principal Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific, Prograrrrrtle of Educational Innovation for Development 0294 United states Agency for International Development, Regional Office for the South Pacific 0385 United states Agency for International Development, Office of Women in Development 0056 United states Bureau of Census 0056 United states Peace Corps 0145 University of Guam, Cooperative Extension Service 0082 (0167) Untalan-Mllnoz, Faye 0134 (0009) Upton, Sue 0164 (0314, 0408) Volo, Sisilia 0165 (0315, 0258) Vuki, Alefina 0305 Warry, Wayne 0031 (0209, 0450) Weeks, Janet 0439 Weeks, Sheldon 0265 Wendt, Neva 0250 Whibnore, Judith 0135 (0010) Women of Vanuatu 0136 Wong, Margaret P. 0435 Wood, Corinne Shear 0389 , , World Young Women's Christian Association 0011 (0137, 0251) Yee, sin Joan 0043 Yee-Ting, Nonna 0319 Yeoman, Lyn 0266 Young, John 0409 (0316) Young, Michael W. 0066