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Multi-side Approach to the Realities of the Chernobyl NPP Title Accident --Summing-up of the Consequences of the Accident Twenty Years After (II)-- Author(s) IMANAKA, T. KUR REPORT OF KYOTO UNIVERSITY RESEARCH Citation REACTOR INSTITUTE (2016), 13: 1-267 Issue Date 2016-10 URL http://hdl.handle.net/2433/227261 掲載された論文等の出版権、複製権および公衆送信権は 原則として京都大学原子炉実験所に帰属する。本誌は京 Right 都大学学術情報リポジトリに登録・公開するものとする 。 http://repository.kulib.kyoto-u.ac.jp/dspace/ Type Research Paper Textversion publisher Kyoto University ISSN 2189-7107 KURRI-EKR-13 PRINT ISSN 1342-0852 KURRI- KR-139 Multi-side Approach to the Realities of the Chernobyl NPP Accident - Summing-up of the Consequences of the Accident Twenty Years After (II) - チェルノブイリ原発事故の実相解明への多角的アプローチ － 20 年を機会とする事故被害のまとめ (II) － Edited by : Imanaka T. 編集：今中哲二 京 都 大 学 原 子 炉 実 験 所 Research Reactor Institute, Kyoto University Multi-side Approach to the Realities of the Chernobyl NPP Accident - Summing-up of the Consequences of the Accident Twenty Years After (II) - Report of a research grant from the Toyota Foundation (November 2004 – October 2006) Project leader Imanaka T. May 2008 チェルノブイリ原発事故の実相解明への多角的アプローチ － 20 年を機会とする事故被害のまとめ(II) － トヨタ財団助成研究 （2004 年 11 月～2006 年 10 月） 研究報告書（英語版） 研究代表者 今中哲二 200８年５月 Preface This is the English version report of the international collaboration study, “Multi-side Approach to the Realities of the Chernobyl NPP Accident: Summing-up of the Consequences of the Accident Twenty Years” which was carried out in November 2004 – October 2006 supported by a research grant from the Toyota Foundation. Twenty three articles by authors of various professions are included about Chernobyl. The Japanese version was already published in August 2007, which contains 24 articles. (http://www.rri.kyoto-u.ac.jp/NSRG/tyt2004/CherTYT2004.htm) Out of them, 12 articles are included in both versions. As a specialist of nuclear engineering, I have been investigating the Chernobyl accident since its beginning. Before the 20th anniversary of Chernobyl, I hoped to start a new project to try to make an overview of “Chernobyl disaster” by collecting various viewpoints of persons who have been involved in Chernobyl in their own ways: scientists, journalists, NGO activists, sufferers etc. I thought that a new image of Chernobyl could be constructed through learning different viewpoints. Fortunately the Toyota Foundation supported my proposal. I think we could make a unique report about Chernobyl. In addition to this report, the following two reports were already published through the previous collaborations: ¾ Research Activities about the Radiological Consequences of the Chernobyl NPS Accident and Social Activities to Assist the Sufferers by the Accident. KURRI-KR-21, 1998. http://www.rri.kyoto-u.ac.jp/NSRG/reports/kr21/KURRI-KR-21.htm ¾ Recent Research Activities about the Chernobyl NPP Accident in Belarus, Ukraine and Russia. KURRI-KR-79, 2002 http://www.rri.kyoto-u.ac.jp/NSRG/reports/kr79/KURRI-KR-79.htm I wish all these reports will be useful to young people who want to know about Chernobyl as well as to the generation who experienced Chernobyl and are going to reconsider it again. As the project leader, I would like to greatly appreciate authors of articles. At the same time, I express my deep apology for delaying the publication. Imanaka T. May 2008 ＜Collaboration member＞ IMANAKA Tetsuji (leader) Research Reactor Institute, Kyoto University HIROKAWA Ryuichi Days Japan Editorial SUGENOYA Akira Chernobyl Medical Fund, Mayer of Matsumoto KOIDE Hiroaki Research Reactor Institute, Kyoto University KITAWADA Shusuke Chernobyl Medical Fund MUKAI Yukiko Chernobyl Children’s Fund TATSUMI Masako Information Center of Japanese Culture (Minsk, Belarus) SUGA Seiko Freelance writer KAMIO Kyoko CATALOGU HOUSE Company WATANABE Mikiko Citizens’ Nuclear Information Center HOSHI Masaharu RIRBM, Hiroshima University TYKHYY Volodymyr Institute of Cybernetics, NASU, Ukraine MALKO Mikhail Joint Institute of Power and Nuclear Research, BAS, Belarus STRELTSOV Dmitri Institute of Oriental Studies, RAS, Russia SHCHERBAK Yuri Ex-Minister of Environment of Ukraine -i- はじめに 本報告書は、「チェルノブイリ原発事故の実相解明への多角的アプローチ：20 年を機会とする事 故被害のまとめ」というテーマで、2004 年から 2006 年にかけてトヨタ財団から研究助成をうけて 実施した国際共同研究の英語版報告書である。日本語版報告書は、論文 24 編と付録 3 編をまとめ て、すでに 2007 年 8 月に出版した（http://www.rri.kyoto-u.ac.jp/NSRG/tyt2004/CherTYT2004.htm）。本報 告書には 23 編の論文が含まれているが、そのうち 12 編は日本語版に含まれている。つまり、11 編が新たな収録である。 国際共同研究の目的は、チェルノブイリ事故から 20 年になるのを機会に、専門的な枠を越え、 ジャーナリスト、支援運動家などさまざまな人々の視点からみた「チェルノブイリ」をまとめてみ ることであった。さまざまな「チェルノブイリ」をいろいろなやり方で重ね合わせてみることによ って、新たな「チェルノブイリ」が見えてくると考えたからである。この 20 年あまりの間にチェ ルノブイリ事故についてさまざまな報告が発表されているが、チェルノブイリ事故という巨大な厄 災の全体を考えるうえで、我々の報告書はユニークなものに仕上がったと考えている。 今中らはこれまでにも、トヨタ財団や学術振興会からの研究助成をうけて国際共同研究を実施し、 その成果を以下のような英文報告書にまとめている。 ¾ チェルノブイリ原発事故影響研究と被災者救援の現状に関する調査報告 KURRI-KR-21（1998 年３月）http://www.rri.kyoto-u.ac.jp/NSRG/reports/kr21/KURRI-KR-21.htm ¾ チェルノブイリ原発事故に関するベラルーシ、ウクライナ、ロシアでの最近の研究状況 KURRI-KR-79（2002 年７月）http://www.rri.kyoto-u.ac.jp/NSRG/reports/kr79/KURRI-KR-79.htm 前者には 32 編、後者には 23 編の論文を収録してある。これらの報告書と合わせて、本報告書が、 チェルノブイリ事故ひいては、原子力をエネルギー源とすることの意味を考える資料となれば幸い である。 研究助成を頂いたトヨタ財団ならびにお世話になった多くの方々に感謝するとともに、本報告書 の出版が遅れたことをお詫びする。 2008 年 5 月 今中 哲二 ＜共同研究メンバー＞ 今中 哲二 （代表） 京都大学原子炉実験所 広河 隆一 Days Japan 編集部 菅谷 昭 チェルノブイリ医療基金、松本市市長 小出 裕章 京都大学原子炉実験所 北和田 修介 チェルノブイリ医療基金 向井 雪子 チェルノブイリ子ども基金 辰巳 雅子 日本文化センター、チロ基金（ミンスク在住） 菅 聖子 フリーランスライター 神尾 京子 （株）カタログハウス 編集部 渡辺 美紀子 原子力資料情報室 星 正治 広島大学原爆放射線医科学研究所 TYKHYY Volodymyr ウクライナ科学アカデミー・サイバネティックス研究所 MALKO Mikhail ベラルーシ科学アカデミー・原子力合同研究所 STRELTSOV Dmitri ロシア科学アカデミー・東洋研究所日本センター SHCHERBAK Yuri 旧ソ連最高会議員、元ウクライナ環境大臣 -ii- Many-sided Approach to the Realities of the Chernobyl NPP Accident - Summing-up of the Consequences of the Accident Twenty Years After (II) - Preface Page 1. What happened at that time? ........................................................ Imanaka T. 1 2. Current state of «Shelter» object .................................................. Klyuchnykov O. 20 3. Analysis of the version “Earthquake is the cause of the Chernobyl accident” ........ Karpan N. 66 4. Chornobyl: the danger for the global civilization ............................................ Scherbak Yu. 79 5. Military liquidators in liquidation of the consequences of Chornobyl NPP accident: myths and realities ................................. Skaletsky Y., Nasvit O. 91 6. My good life in Pripyat, the disaster caused by Chernobyl, and the catastrophe of the nuclear power station and of our lives ............................. Dikaya T.V. 105 7. Discrepancy between the contamination pattern and the daily radiation survey data used for external dose estimation of evacuees from the 30-km zone ................................ Imanaka T., Koide H. 110 8. Early and late cytogenetic effects study in groups exposed due to the Chernobyl accident using conventional chromosome analysis and fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH) technique ........................................ Maznyk N. 116 9. Some issues of long-term investigations of genetic consequences of the Chernobyl accident .............................. Lazjuk G., Satow Y. 129 10. Doses of the whole body irradiation in Belarus as a result of the Chernobyl accident .......................................... Malko M.V. 136 11. Increase of regional total cancer incidence in north Sweden due to the Chernobyl accident ............................................ Tondel M. 147 12. Radiation risk assessment of leukemia in children of Belarus ............................ Malko M.V. 151 13. Trans-generational effects of radiation exposure from the Chernobyl nuclear plant accident: a review of studies using mutation markers of repeat DNA sequences ......................................... Furitsu K. 165 14. Cytogenetic effect of low dose radiation in plant test-systems: non-linear dose-effect relationship ................................. Geras’kin S. et.al 179 15. Social-economic consequences of the Chernobyl catastrophe ........................ Kholosha V. 193 16. Do we have reliable tool? Considering the efficiency of Chornobyl legislation .... Nasivit O. 203 17. Solving the social problems caused by the Chernobyl catastrophe: 20 years is not enough ............................................. Tykhyy V. 211 18. Six of us left behind with mom ....................................... Melnichenko E. 230 19. Activities of Chernobyl Children's Fund, Japan .............................................. Mukai Y. 233 20. NANOHANA project at contaminated area by bio-remedy with rapeseed plant in Narodichi, Ukraine: a challenge of Chernobyl-Chubu Association ............... Tomura K. 238 21. Episodes from my experience in Belarus .............................. Kitajima R. 244 22. Citizens’ action in response to radiation from Chernobyl ........................... Watanabe M. 248 23. From archives of VUChK-GPU-NKVD-KGB: Chernobyl tragedy in documents and materials ............................... Tykhyy V. 252 - iii - チェルノブイリ原発事故の実相解明への多角的アプローチ － 20 年を機会とする事故被害のまとめ (II) － はじめに ページ 1. そのとき何が起きたのか？ ......................................................... 今中哲二 1 2. 「シェルター」の現状 ............................................. O・クリュチニコフ 20 3. 「チェルノブイリ事故の原因は地震だった」説の分析 ................... N・カルパン 66 4. チェルノブイリ：文明への警告 ............................................ Y・シチェルバク 79 5. チェルノブイリ原発事故処理に従事した軍関係リクビダートル： その神話と現実 ..................................... Y・スカレツキー、O・ナスビット 91 6. すばらしいプリピャチの町での暮らしと、チェルノブイリの もたらした不幸、原発事故と私たちの人生の破局について ............ T・V・ディーカヤ 105 7. 30km 圏避難住民の外部被曝量推定に用いられた放射線サーベイ データと原発周辺汚染パターンの不一致 ............................. 今中哲二、小出裕章 110 8.
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    Progress in Nuclear Energy 92 (2016) 104e118 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Progress in Nuclear Energy journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/pnucene Physico-chemical properties of Chernobyl lava and their destruction products * Andrey A. Shiryaev a, b, c, , Irina E. Vlasova b, Boris E. Burakov d, Boris I. Ogorodnikov e, Vasily O. Yapaskurt f, Alexey A. Averin a, Alexey V. Pakhnevich g, Yan V. Zubavichus h a Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry RAS, Leninsky pr., 31 korp. 4, Moscow 119071, Russia b Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1 bld. 3, Moscow 119991, Russia c Institute of Ore Geology, Petrography, Mineralogy and Geochemistry RAS, Staromonetny per, 35, Moscow 119017, Russia d V.G. Khlopin Radium Institute, 2nd Murinsky av. 28, St.Petersburg 194021, Russia e Karpov Physical Chemistry Institute, Vorontsovo Pole str. 10, Moscow 105064, Russia f Department of Geology, Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia g Paleontological Institute RAS, Profsoyuznaya str. 123, Moscow 117997, Russia h NRC “Kurchatov Institute”, Akademika Kurchatova Sq. 1, Moscow 123098, Russia article info abstract Article history: The paper commemorates 30th anniversary of severe nuclear accident at the 4th Unit of Chernobyl NPP. Received 24 January 2016 Results of the investigation of radioactive glassy lava-like materials formed as a result of the accident at Received in revised form their current state are presented. Complementary analytical methods: vibrational spectroscopy, XAFS, 28 June 2016 SEM, EBSD, X-ray tomography, provide new information about structure of the Chernobyl lava matrix Accepted 1 July 2016 and inclusions. Most of these techniques are applied to the lava samples for the first time and allow to derive consistent model of the lava and to resolve some of existing controversies.
  • Midnight in Chernobyl

    Midnight in Chernobyl

    Notes PROLOGUE 1 Saturday, April 26, 1986: Precise time given on Alexander Logachev’s dosimetry map of Chernobyl station from April 26, 1986, archive of the Chernobyl Museum, Kiev, Ukraine. 1 Senior Lieutenant Alexander Logachev loved radiation: Alexander Logachev, Com- mander of Chemical and Radiation Reconnaissance, 427th Red Banner Mecha- nized Regiment of the Kiev District Civil Defense, author interview, Kiev, June 1, 2017; Yuli Khariton, Yuri Smirnov, Linda Rothstein, and Sergei Leskov, “The Khariton Version,” Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists 49, no. 4 (1993), p. 30. 1 Logachev knew how to protect himself: Logachev, author interview, 2017. 1 As he sped through the suburbs: Alexander Logachev, The Truth [Истина], mem- oir, 2005, later published in another form in Obozreniye krymskih del, 2007; Colo- nel Vladimir Grebeniuk, commander of 427th Red Banner Mechanized Regiment of the Kiev District Civil Defense, author interview, Kiev, February 9, 2016. 2 But as they finally approached the plant: Logachev, The Truth. 2 Their armored car crawled counterclockwise: Logachev dosimetry map of Cher - nobyl station, the Chernobyl Museum. 3 2,080 roentgen an hour: Logachev, The Truth. Part 1. Birth of a City 1. THE SOVIET PROMETHEUS 7 At the slow beat: Viktor and Valentina Brukhanov (husband and wife; director and heat treatment specialist at Chernobyl nuclear power plant in April 1986), author interviews, Kiev, September 2015 and February 2016. Author visit to Ko- pachi, Ukraine, February 17, 2006. Cognac and the driving of the stake are men- tioned in the documentary film The Construction of the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant [Будівництво Чорнобильської АЕС], Ukrainian Studio of Documentary Chronicle Films, 1974.
  • Japan's Climate Change Policies

    Japan's Climate Change Policies

    Japan's Climate Change Policies 18th Mar. 201４ Ministry of the Environment, Japan Index 1. Japan‘s Greenhouse Gas Emissions in Global Context 2. Japan’s Greenhouse Gas Emissions 3. Act on Promotion of Global Warming Measures 4. Japan’s New Emissions Reduction Target for 2020 5. Global Warming Measures toward Emissions Reduction Target for 2020 6. Proactive Diplomatic Strategy for Countering Global Warming 7. Adaptation plan 2 Japan’s Greenhouse Gas Emissions in Global Context 3 Global CO2 Emissions （２０１１） Others South Africa 1.2% 20.7% China 25.5% Australia 1.3% Brazil 1.3% Indonesia 1.4% Mexico 1.4% Global CO2 Emissions Saudi Arabia 1.5% 31.3 billion tons Iran 1.7% Canada 1.7% Japan US South Korea 1.9% 3.8% 16.9% Russia EU-27※1 5.3% 11.3% India ※2 5.6% EU15 9.1% Germany ※1 Croatia became a member in 2.4% 2013; therefore, not included in UK the figure. France Italy 1.4% ※2 EU 15 is EU member states at 1.0% 1.3% COP3 (Kyoto) 4 Source： IEA “CO2 EMISSIONS FROM FUEL COMBUSTION」 2013 EDITION” Global GHG Emissions (2010) Global GHG emissions in 2010 is approximately 49.8 billion tonnes of CO2 eq. China and U.S. emit more than one-third of total global GHG emissions Share of CO2 from fuel combustion is more than 60% in total global GHG emissions Global GHG emissions by countries in 2010 Global GHG emissions by gas/source in 2010 Global GHG emissions Global GHG 49.8 billion emissions tonnes (2010) 49.8 billion CO2-equivalent units tonnes (2010) CO2-equivalent units 5 Source ： IEA ”CO2 EMISSIONS FROM FUEL COMBUSTION” 2013EDITION CO2 Emissions per Capita by Country （2011） World 4.50 Qatar 38.17 United Arab Emirates 21.02 Australia 17.43 United States 16.94 Saudi Arabia 16.28 Canada 15.37 Korea 11.81 Russian Federation 11.65 Japan 9.28 Germany 9.14 South Africa 7.27 United Kingdom 7.06 Islamic Rep.
  • Major Victory to Blow Nuclear Fule Cycle Policy: the Ground-Breaking Ruling on the Monju Fast Breeder Reactor

    Major Victory to Blow Nuclear Fule Cycle Policy: the Ground-Breaking Ruling on the Monju Fast Breeder Reactor

    TOKYOJan./Feb. 2003 NUKECitizens' Nuclear INFO Information Center No. 93 3F Kotobuki Bldg., 1-58-15, Higashi-nakano, Nakano-ku, Tokyo 164-0003, JAPAN URL: http://www.cnic.or.jp/ e-mail : [email protected] Major Victory to Blow Nuclear Fule Cycle Policy: the ground-breaking ruling on the Monju fast breeder reactor Picture: Plaintiffs’ lawyer holds up the High Court ruling which says “perfect victory” with a look of joy on his face and others congratulate major victory over the government’s go ahead for the Monju fast breeder reactor. On 27 January 2003, the Nagoya High didn’t recognize the citizens of Fukui Prefec- Court’s Kanazawa branch (presiding judge Mr. ture as being eligible to file a claim. How- Kazuo Kawasaki) handed down a ruling to ever, reversing the ruling of the Fukui District nullify the government’s 1983 permission for Court, the Supreme Court ruled that the status construction of the prototype Monju fast breed- of plaintiffs should be applied to any residents er reactor (FBR), whose operation has been stopped since the sodium leakage accident in CONTENTS 1995. This High Court’s judgment almost fully Monju ruling at 2003: 1-4 adopted the plaintiffs claim. Japan’s reprocessing policy and nuclear proliferation in Asia: 5-7 This is a ground breaking court decision in Data: the history of nuclear trials, as for the first time, - Nuclear Plants and Facilities in Japan 8 it favors the plaintiffs’ arguments. - Nuclear Plants in East Asia 9 The Monju trial* has taken quite a long and Anti-Nuke Who’s who: Tomi Maeda 10 roundabout route.