DOCSLIB.ORG

Japan's Climate Change Policies

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Japan's Climate Change Policies Japan's Climate Change Policies 18th Mar. 201４ Ministry of the Environment, Japan Index 1. Japan‘s Greenhouse Gas Emissions in Global Context 2. Japan’s Greenhouse Gas Emissions 3. Act on Promotion of Global Warming Measures 4. Japan’s New Emissions Reduction Target for 2020 5. Global Warming Measures toward Emissions Reduction Target for 2020 6. Proactive Diplomatic Strategy for Countering Global Warming 7. Adaptation plan 2 Japan’s Greenhouse Gas Emissions in Global Context 3 Global CO2 Emissions （２０１１） Others South Africa 1.2% 20.7% China 25.5% Australia 1.3% Brazil 1.3% Indonesia 1.4% Mexico 1.4% Global CO2 Emissions Saudi Arabia 1.5% 31.3 billion tons Iran 1.7% Canada 1.7% Japan US South Korea 1.9% 3.8% 16.9% Russia EU-27※1 5.3% 11.3% India ※2 5.6% EU15 9.1% Germany ※1 Croatia became a member in 2.4% 2013; therefore, not included in UK the figure. France Italy 1.4% ※2 EU 15 is EU member states at 1.0% 1.3% COP3 (Kyoto) 4 Source： IEA “CO2 EMISSIONS FROM FUEL COMBUSTION」 2013 EDITION” Global GHG Emissions (2010) Global GHG emissions in 2010 is approximately 49.8 billion tonnes of CO2 eq. China and U.S. emit more than one-third of total global GHG emissions Share of CO2 from fuel combustion is more than 60% in total global GHG emissions Global GHG emissions by countries in 2010 Global GHG emissions by gas/source in 2010 Global GHG emissions Global GHG 49.8 billion emissions tonnes (2010) 49.8 billion CO2-equivalent units tonnes (2010) CO2-equivalent units 5 Source ： IEA ”CO2 EMISSIONS FROM FUEL COMBUSTION” 2013EDITION CO2 Emissions per Capita by Country （2011） World 4.50 Qatar 38.17 United Arab Emirates 21.02 Australia 17.43 United States 16.94 Saudi Arabia 16.28 Canada 15.37 Korea 11.81 Russian Federation 11.65 Japan 9.28 Germany 9.14 South Africa 7.27 United Kingdom 7.06 Islamic Rep. of Iran 6.97 Italy 6.47 China 5.92 France 5.04 Mexico 3.96 Brazil 2.07 Indonesia 1.76 India 1.41 Nigeria 0.33 （tCO2/capita） 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 6 Source： IEA “CO2 EMISSIONS FROM FUEL COMBUSTION” 2013 EDITION” Cumulative CO2 Emissions after Industrial Revolutions (1850-2006) U.S accounts approx. 30%. 75% of emissions are from developed countries (Japan: 4%) China, India, South Africa and Mexico account 9%,2%,1% and 1% respectively. Indonesia 1% Brazil 1% South Korea Other 1% 23% U.S 29% Mexico 1% Australia 1% South Africa 1% China 9% Italia 2% UK Russia Germany 6% 8% Canada 7% 2% India France Japan 2% 3% 4% Sources: World Resources Institute, Climate Analysis Indicators Tool 7 Japan’s Greenhouse Gas emissions 8 Japan’s Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Achievements Status for Emission Targets under the Kyoto Protocol ○ Japan’s total greenhouse gas emissions (preliminary figures) in FY2012 were 1,341 Mt CO2 eq. (an increase of 6.3% compared to the base year (BY) and 2.5% compared to the previous year (PY)) ○ If the forest carbon sink measures target1 is achieved and Kyoto mechanisms credits2 are taken into account, the five-year average for total emissions during the first commitment period (CP1) of the Kyoto Protocol (FY2008-FY2012) shows an 8.2%3 decrease compared to the total emissions of the base year; therefore, it is estimated that Japan will have achieved its target for the CP1 of the Kyoto Protocol (-6 % below base year level). Emissions Actual total Amount to be deducted from Amount to be deducted from actual emissions actual total emissions taking total emissions taking into account 1,341 Mt (Billion t-CO2 eq.) ・・① into account the forest carbon the Kyoto mechanisms credits ・・・③ sink measures target ・・・② (+6.3% from BY) 1,351 Mt <＋2.5％ from PY＞ Five-year average 1,308 Mt 1,279 Mt 1,282 Mt （+3.7％ from BY） 1.3 (+1.6% from BY) 1,257 Mt （+1.4％ from BY） Forest carbon sink 1,261 Mt （-0.3％ from BY） measures target （3.8％ of BY） 1,207 Mt (-4.3％ from BY） Kyoto mechanisms 1.2 credits （5.9％ of BY） －4.0％ －4.6％ Kyoto Protocol - CP1 －8.7％ 1.1 Reduction Target: －10.2％ -6% from BY (1,186 Mt) －13.8％ 1.0 Five-year average for total emissions after deduction of ② and ③ from ① 0.9 ＝-8.2% from BY Base Year (BY) 2005 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 Five-year2008～ (2008-2012)2012 (In principle, 1990) (Preliminary(速報値 Figures)) ５カ年平均Average 1: Forest carbon sink measures target: About 3.8% (47.67 Mt CO2/yr.) of the base year emissions according to the Kyoto Protocol Target Achievement Plan. 2: Kyoto mechanisms credits: Acquired by the government: Total credits that were contracted as of FY2012 year-end through the Kyoto Mechanisms Credit Acquisition Program (97.528 Mt) divided by 5 (yrs.) Acquired by the private sector: The amount of credits that were acquired by the Federation of Electric Power Companies of Japan (According to the Environmental Action Plan by the Japanese Electric Utility Industry [FY2009 to FY2013]) 3:Total emissions and removals for the Kyoto Protocol target will be finalized after the technical review process under the Kyoto Protocol and the Convention to be conducted in FY2014. Also, the Kyoto mechanisms credits will be finalized after the true-up period for the first commitment period (expected to be completed in the second half of 2015 or later). 9 CO2 Emissions by Sectors and Actors (2012) (Preliminary figures) Municipal Waste Waste Industrial Waste, etc. Industrial Energy Conversion Processes Residential 2% (Household heating and cooling, hot 3% water supply, electricity use, etc.) 7% Industrial Processes Residential (CO2 emissions from cement from electricity production, etc.) consumption Industries Household- 11% 1% 16% related: 1% 34% Energy Conversion from electricity Total Approx. 22% (Self-consumption at consumption 1,275Mt 16% 3% power plants, gas plants, 13% oil refineries, etc., ) Transportation 7% from from electricity consumption (passenger vehicles for electricity 7% personal use) 5% Industries 20% consumption (Energy consumption in Commercial 1% manufacturing, construction, and Other mining, agriculture, forestry 18% Sectors and fishing industries) Transportation 20% 34% Commercial ○Excluding Industrial Processes and Waste Products, the and Other 12% remaining 94% of CO2 emissions are related to energy (Office buildings, etc) consumption. ○Household Emissions, including personal vehicles and Transportation municipal waste, comprise approximately 20% of (Freight vehicles, Business and emissions. The remaining 80% is from Business and Public passenger vehicles for Public Sector-related: sector. business use, ships, etc.) ○”from electricity consumption” means emissions from the Approx. 78% use of electricity and heat which are purchased from companies such as electric companies, except private Actors power generation. 10 Trends in Energy oriented CO2 emissions by sector ○ CO2 emissions from industries sector have been decreasing as production volume dropped because of financial crisis in late 2008. ○ CO2 emissions from transportation sector have been decreasing by means of improvement in transportation efficiency etc. ○ CO2 emissions from commercial and other sector have been increasing by expanding floor area as well as worsening emission factor due to the increase in fossil fuel, power generation share after the earthquake. ○ CO2 emissions from residential sector have been increasing by growth in energy use in response to increasing number of household as well as worsening emission factor due to the increase in fossil fuel power generation share after the earthquake ○ Emissions from energy conversion sector (power plant etc.,) have been increasing in response to energy demand increase such as electricity. 11 (Reference) GHG emission and removal inventory • power domestic total of 90% approximately reached fuel fossil from generation power hand, other the On •the and maintenance, for down shut been have plants power nuclear disaster, earthquake the After plant. power LNG from 50% including generation, 2012) July in restarted drastically.( dropped generation power nuclear the of share 2010.4 in energy mix for Trends power generation (General/Wholesale Electricutility) Change Nuclear Coal 5 6 7 8 9 Nuclear share Nuclear LNG in 10 11 e 12 earthquake after the nergy mix for power generation generation nergypower mix for 2011.1 2 Fossil fuel Fossil share Oil, other 3 4 5 6 7 Hydro 8 9 10 Oi Source: Advisory Committee for Natural Resources and Energy and Resources Natural for Committee Advisory Source: 11 were 4 and No.3 plant power nuclear 12 2012.1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 12 Act on Promotion of Global Warming Measures 13 Japan’s GHG reduction goal in 2050 ○Japan will pursue the goal of 80% reduction in GHG emission by 2050 in order to fulfill the responsibility as an industrialized country, as is stated in the forth Basic Environmental Plan (revised in April 2012) ○To achieve the 80% reduction goal, global warming measures including innovative energy efficiency and maximum use of renewable energy will be important Japan’s日本の温室効果ガス排出量と長期目標 GHG emission trends and the long term goal 1400 1200 1000 800 600 400 The first Oil crisis 200 The second Oil crisis Global Financial Crisis High growth period Bubble economy GHG GHG emission(milliontCO2) (100) (80) (60) (40) (20) (0) The number in the parentheses ( ) represents the age of the person in 2050 who born in the year above Energy originated CO2 emissions (US DOE Oak Ridge National Laboratory) Energy originated CO2 emissions (IEA) Energy originated CO2 emissions (Ministry of the Environment Japan) 14 GHG emissions (Ministry of the Environment Japan) Act on Promotion of Global Warming Measures Kyoto Protocol Target Achievement Plan (Article 8 – 9)* ・The national government shall establish a Kyoto Protocol Target Achievement Plan for attaining the targets prescribed in the Kyoto Protocol.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Climate Change and Human Health: Risks and Responses
    Climate change and human health RISKS AND RESPONSES Editors A.J. McMichael The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia D.H. Campbell-Lendrum London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom C.F. Corvalán World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland K.L. Ebi World Health Organization Regional Office for Europe, European Centre for Environment and Health, Rome, Italy A.K. Githeko Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisumu, Kenya J.D. Scheraga US Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC, USA A. Woodward University of Otago, Wellington, New Zealand WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION GENEVA 2003 WHO Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data Climate change and human health : risks and responses / editors : A. J. McMichael . [et al.] 1.Climate 2.Greenhouse effect 3.Natural disasters 4.Disease transmission 5.Ultraviolet rays—adverse effects 6.Risk assessment I.McMichael, Anthony J. ISBN 92 4 156248 X (NLM classification: WA 30) ©World Health Organization 2003 All rights reserved. Publications of the World Health Organization can be obtained from Marketing and Dis- semination, World Health Organization, 20 Avenue Appia, 1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland (tel: +41 22 791 2476; fax: +41 22 791 4857; email: [email protected]). Requests for permission to reproduce or translate WHO publications—whether for sale or for noncommercial distribution—should be addressed to Publications, at the above address (fax: +41 22 791 4806; email: [email protected]). The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the World Health Organization concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries.
    [Show full text]
  • Practice and Experience Addressing Climate Change in Japan
    PRACTICE AND EXPERIENCE ADDRESSING CLIMATE CHANGE IN JAPAN Supplementary Reader for the Training Workshop on Climate Change Strategies for Local Governments Institute for Global Environmental Strategies (IGES) Kitakyushu Urban Centre November 2017 Practice and Experience of Addressing Climate Change in Japan Supplementary Reader for the Training Workshop on Climate Change Strategies for Local Governments Author Junko AKAGI, Research Manager, Kitakyushu Urban Centre (KUC), IGES Contributor Shino HORIZONO, Programme Coordinator, KUC, IGES Acknowledgements Production of this textbook was financially supported by the Ministry of the Environment, Japan (MOEJ). Institute for Global Environmental Strategies (IGES) Kitakyushu Urban Centre International Village Centre 3F, 1-1-1 Hirano, Yahata-Higashi-ku, Kitakyushu City, Japan 805-0062 TEL: +81-93-681-1563 Email: [email protected] http://www.iges.or.jp/en/sustainable-city/index.html Copyright©2017 by Ministry of the Environment, Japan Disclaimer Although every effort is made to ensure objectivity and balance, the publication of research results or translation does not imply IGES endorsement or acquiescence with its conclusions or the endorsement of IGES funders. IGES maintains a position of neutrality at all times on issues concerning public policy. Hence conclusions that are reached in IGES publications should be understood to be those of the authors and not attributed to staff-members, officers, directors, trustees, funders, or to IGES itself. PRACTICE AND EXPERIENCE OF ADDRESSING CLIMATE CHANGE IN JAPAN Supplementary Reader for the Training Workshop on Climate Change Strategies for Local Governments Institute for Global Environmental Strategies INDEX 1. Background on the Implementation of Climate Change Countermeasures by Cities ........................................................ 1 1) Scientific findings and international trends ..................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Recent Climate Change in Japan – Spatial and Temporal Characteristics of Trends of Temperature
    Clim. Past, 5, 13–19, 2009 www.clim-past.net/5/13/2009/ Climate © Author(s) 2009. This work is distributed under of the Past the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License. Recent climate change in Japan – spatial and temporal characteristics of trends of temperature D. Schaefer and M. Domroes Department of Geography, Mainz University, 55099 Mainz, Germany Received: 7 February 2008 – Published in Clim. Past Discuss.: 21 April 2008 Revised: 12 December 2008 – Accepted: 12 December 2008 – Published: 9 February 2009 Abstract. In this paper temperature series of Japan were sta- the global average surface air temperatures have risen by tistically analysed in order to answer the question whether 0.74◦C [0.56◦C to 0.92◦C] over the last 100 yr from 1906– recent climate change can be proved for Japan; the results 2005 (IPCC, 2007). The corresponding trend for the ob- were compared and discussed with the global trends. The servation period 1901–2000 is 0.6◦C [0.4◦C to 0.8◦C] un- observations in Japan started for some stations in the 1870s, derling the general strengthening of the warming trend dur- 59 stations are available since 1901, 136 stations since 1959. ing the last decades: Eleven of the last twelve years (1995– Modern statistical methods were applied, such as: Gaussian 2006) rank among the 12 warmest years in the instrumen- binominal low-pass filter (30 yr), trend analysis (linear re- tal record of global surface temperature (since 1850) (IPCC, gression model) including the trend-to-noise-ratio as mea- 2007). Although the temperature increase is widespread over sure of significance and the non-parametric, non-linear trend the globe, spatial and temporal characteristics of tempera- test according to MANN (MANN’s Q).
    [Show full text]
  • Program 1..169
    The 92nd Annual Meeting of CSJ Program tein Synthesis Using Peptide Thioesters as Building Blocks（IPR, Osaka Room S1 Univ.）AIMOTO, Saburo（15:20～16:20） 4th Bldg., Section B J11 Room S2 CSJ Award Presentation 4th Bldg., Section B J21 Sunday, March 25, AM Chair: KOBAYASHI, Hayao（11：00～12：00） CSJ Award Presentation 1S1- 01 CSJ Award Presentation Edge State of Nanographene and its Electronic and Magnetic Properties（Tokyo Institute of Technology） Monday, March 26, AM ENOKI, Toshiaki（11:00～12:00） Chair: SHIROTA, Yasuhiko（10：00～11：00） 2S2- 01 CSJ Award Presentation Creation of Functional Supramole- cular Polymers through Molecular Recognition（Grad. Sch. Sci., Osaka Monday, March 26, AM Univ.）HARADA, Akira（10:00～11:00） Chair: TATSUMI, Kazuyuki（10：00～11：00） 2S1- 01 CSJ Award Presentation Pioneering and Developing Studies Chair: HIYAMA, Tamejiro（11：10～12：10） on Structural Chemistry of Fluctuations（Grad. Sch. Adv. Integration Sci., 2S2- 02 CSJ Award Presentation Studies on the Chemistry of Low- Chiba Univ.）NISHIKAWA, Keiko（10:00～11:00） Coordinate Organosilicon and Heavier Group 14 Element Compounds（Grad. Sch. Pure Appl. Sci., Univ. of Tsukuba）SEKIGUCHI, Akira（11:10～ Chair: TANAKA, Kenichiro（11：10～12：10） 12:10） 2S1- 02 CSJ Award Presentation Development of Photocatalysts for Overall Water Splitting（The Univ. of Tokyo）DOMEN, Kazunari（11:10～ 12:10） Frontier of Plasmonic Photochemistry Monday, March 26, PM New Challenges in Bioinorganic Chemistry - Chair: MURAKOSHI, Kei（13：30～14：50） Towards New Development of Bio-Related 2S2- 03 Special Lecture Opening Remarks（RIES, Hokkaido Univ.） Chemistry MISAWA, Hiroaki（13:30～13:40） 2S2- 04 Monday, March 26, PM Special Lecture Tuning of surface plasmon resonance wave- lengths by structural control of inorganic nano particles（ICR, Kyoto Univ.） Chair: ITOH, Shinobu（13：30～14：50） TERANISHI, Toshiharu（13:40～14:15） 2S1- 03 Special Lecture Artificial Photosynthesis for Production of 2S2- 05 Special Lecture Fabrication of Metal-Semiconductor Nano- Chemical Fuels（Grad.
    [Show full text]
  • National Plan for Adaptation to the Impacts of Climate Change Cabinet
    National Plan for Adaptation to the Impacts of Climate Change Cabinet Decision on 27 November 2015 Contents Introduction ............................................................................................................................................. 1 Part 1. Basic Concepts of the Plan .......................................................................................................... 3 Chapter 1. Context and Issues ............................................................................................................3 Section 1. International Trends in Climate Change and Adaptation ............................................. 3 Section 2. Adaptation Efforts in Japan .......................................................................................... 4 Chapter 2. Basic Principles ................................................................................................................9 Section 1. Vision for Society ......................................................................................................... 9 Section 2. Target Period for the Adaptation Plan ........................................................................ 10 Section 3. Basic Strategies .......................................................................................................... 10 (1) Mainstreaming Adaptation into Government Policy ........................................................ 10 (2) Enhancement of Scientific Findings ................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Climate Change and Its Impacts in Japan, October 2009
    Synthesis Report on Observations, Projections, and Impact Assessments of Climate Change Climate Change and Its Impacts in Japan October 2009 Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT) Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) Ministry of the Environment (MOE) . Contents 1. Introduction ........................................................................................................................................1 2. Mechanisms of Climate Change and Contributions of Anthropogenic Factors — What are the Causes of Global Warming? ......................................................................................................2 2.1 Factors affecting climate change ...................................................................................................2 2.2 The main cause of global warming since the mid-20th century is anthropogenic forcing ...............3 2.3 Confidence in observation data and simulation results by models ................................................5 2.4 Changes on longer time scales and particularity of recent change................................................5 [Column 1] Definitions of Terms Related to Climate Change .....................................................8 [Column 2] Aerosols and Climate Change..................................................................................10 3. Past, Present, and Future of the Climate — What is the Current State and Future of Global Warming?.........................................................................................................................................11
    [Show full text]
  • Climate Change Legislation in Japan
    CLIMATE CHANGE LEGISLATION IN JAPAN AN EXCERPT FROM The 2015 Global Climate Legislation Study A Review of Climate Change Legislation in 99 Countries Michal Nachmany, Sam Fankhauser, Jana Davidová, Nick Kingsmill, Tucker Landesman, Hitomi Roppongi, Philip Schleifer, Joana Setzer, Amelia Sharman, C. Stolle Singleton, Jayaraj Sundaresan and Terry Townshend www.lse.ac.uk/GranthamInstitute/legislation/ Climate Change Legislation – Japan Japan Legislative Process The National Diet is the sole law-making organ of the State based on the Constitution promulgated in 1946. The Diet comprises two houses: The House of Representatives (the lower house) and the House of Councillors (the upper House). The House of Representatives has 480 members elected for a four-year term by a combination of single-seat constituency system and proportional representation. The Lower House may be dissolved at any time by the Emperor on the advice of the Prime Minister. The last general election for the House of Representatives took place in December 2014 upon the Prime Minister’s decision to dissolve the Lower House. The next Lower House election is expected to take place late 2018 unless it is dissolved. The House of Councillors (the Upper House) has 242 members, elected for a six-year term – every three years half of the Upper House members are elected. The last Upper House election took place in 2013 and the next will be in 2016. Japan is a parliamentary cabinet system, and more than half of cabinet members are selected from MPs by the Prime Minister. The Prime Minister is elected by MPs through a resolution of the Diet.
    [Show full text]
  • Reforestation Or Genetic Disturbance: a Case Study of Pinus Thunbergii in the Iki-No-Matsubara Coastal Forest (Japan)
    Article Reforestation or Genetic Disturbance: A Case Study of Pinus thunbergii in the Iki-no-Matsubara Coastal Forest (Japan) Aziz Akbar Mukasyaf 1,* , Koji Matsunaga 2 , Miho Tamura 1, Taiichi Iki 3, Atsushi Watanabe 1 and Masakazu G. Iwaizumi 4,* 1 Department of Forest Environmental Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishiku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan; [email protected] (M.T.); [email protected] (A.W.) 2 Kyushu Regional Breeding Office, Forest Tree Breeding Center, Forestry and Forest Product Research Institute, 2320-5 Suya, Koshi, Kumamoto 861-1102, Japan; [email protected] 3 Tohoku Regional Breeding Office, Forest Tree Breeding Center, Forestry and Forest Product Research Institute, 95 Osaki, Takizawa, Iwate 020-0621, Japan; [email protected] 4 Kansai Regional Breeding Office, Forest Tree Breeding Center, Forestry and Forest Product Research Institute, 1043 Uetsukinaka, Shoo, Katsuta, Okayama 709-4335, Japan * Correspondence: [email protected] (A.A.M.); [email protected] (M.G.I.) Abstract: In the twentieth century, a substantial decline in Pinus thunbergii populations in Japan occurred due to the outbreak of pine wood nematode (PWN), Burshaphelencus xylophilus. A PWN- P. thunbergii resistant trees-breeding project was developed in the 1980s to provide reforestation materials to minimalize the pest damage within the population. Since climate change can also contribute to PWN outbreaks, an intensive reforestation plan instated without much consideration can impact on the genetic diversity of P. thunbergii populations. The usage and deployment of PWN-P. thunbergii resistant trees to a given site without genetic management can lead to a genetic disturbance.
    [Show full text]
  • Economic and Energy Outlook Towards FY2014 —Japan’S Economy Gets Back on Track and Energy Demand Starts to Increase—
    IEEJ: August 2013. All rights reserved. IEEJ Special Seminar 7th August 2013 Economic and Energy Outlook towards FY2014 —Japan’s economy gets back on track and energy demand starts to increase— YANAGISAWA Akira, T. Yoshioka, H. Suzuki, Choi J. W., R. Ikarii, S. Iwata, Y. Shibata, K. Ito The Energy Data and Modelling Center The Institute of Energy Economics, Japan Summary of topics 1. Rigorous and well staffed safety checks lead to big impacts from nuclear restart p.16 The ability of the Nuclear Regulation Authority to complete its safety assessments will significantly influence the timing of nuclear reactors’ restart. If the Authority forms three teams and if each assessment requires six months, conditional on reception from the nuclear host communities, six reactors at most and 16 reactors will restart by the end of FY2013 and FY2014, respectively. They will operate for seven months in FY2014 on average, generating 73 TWh of electricity (Mid–level Case). In the Mid–level Case, electricity generated from nuclear power in FY2014 will remain a quarter of the FY2010 level, increasing the power generation cost by JPY3.2/kWh from the FY2010 level. Total import value of fossil fuels will increase by JPY7 trillion ($70 billion) and the CO2 emissions from fuel combustion will increase by 70 Mt–CO2 (+6.2%). If the safety assessments take twice as long (i.e. one year rather than six months), only six reactors at most will restart by the end of FY2014 (Low–level Case). On the other hand, if the Authority increases the number of teams, 28 reactors will operate for seven months on average in FY2014 (High–level Case).
    [Show full text]
  • Local Change of Butterfly Species in Response to Global Warming and Reforestation in Korea Tae-Sung Kwon1, Sung-Soo Kim2 and Cheol Min Lee1*
    Kwon et al. Zoological Studies 2013, 52:47 http://www.zoologicalstudies.com/content/52/1/47 RESEARCH Open Access Local change of butterfly species in response to global warming and reforestation in Korea Tae-Sung Kwon1, Sung-Soo Kim2 and Cheol Min Lee1* Abstract Background: It is expected that the successful nationwide reforestation and global warming will greatly change the butterfly fauna in South Korea. We compared current data (2002 to 2007) regarding the abundance and presence of butterfly species at two sites in the central portion of the Korean Peninsula with similar data from the late 1950s and early 1970s for the same sites. The expected changes were documented by an abundance change of butterflies at the two study sites in a previous study. Using the same data, the most greatly changed species and the change of species presence were analyzed. Results: Population changes of 99 butterfly species which occurred at both sites were significantly correlated between the two sites. The greatly increased species included three southern (S) species and one northern (N) species. However, the species showing great decline included five N species and no S species. Conclusions: This change is consistent with the expectation of northward movement of butterfly species due to global warming. The current status of the greatly changed species is discussed along with other studies. The binary data (presence/absence) in the present study support the expected changes of butterfly species based on global warming and reforestation. The interactive effect of two environmental changes was also recognized, as well as the change of abundance in the previous study.
    [Show full text]
  • The Politics of Energy and Climate Change in Japan Under Abe Abenergynomics
    TREVOR INCERTI AND PHILLIP Y. LIPSCY The Politics of Energy and Climate Change in Japan under Abe Abenergynomics ABSTRACT Under what we call Abenergynomics, Japanese Prime Minister Abe Shinzo¯ has used energy policy to support the growth objectives of Abenomics, even when the asso- ciated policies are publicly unpopular, opposed by utility companies, or harmful to the environment. We show how Abenergynomics has shaped Japanese policy on nuclear power, electricity deregulation, renewable energy, and climate change. KEYWORDS: Japan, Abe, energy, climate change, nuclear, Abenomics THE GOVERNMENT OF ABE SHINZo¯ came to power in December 2012, when Japan was still reeling from the aftermath of the March 11, 2011, Great Tohoku Earthquake and Tsunami, which led to a nuclear meltdown at the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear plant.1 Prime Minister Abe’s Liberal Democratic Party (LDP) benefited from the perception that the Democratic Party of TREVOR INCERTI is a Ph.D. student in Political Science at Yale University. PHILLIP Y. LIPSCY is Assistant Professor of Political Science and Thomas Rohlen Center Fellow at the Freeman Spogli Institute for International Studies at Stanford University. We thank the participants at the Stanford Conference on the Political Economy of Japan under the Abe Government (February 8, 2018) for their suggestions and feedback. Emily Lemmerman provided helpful research assistance. This research was assisted by a grant from the Abe Fellowship Program administered by the Social Science Research Council and the American Council of Learned Societies in cooperation with and with funds provided by the Japan Foundation Center for Global Partnership. We also thank the Shor- enstein Asia-Pacific Research Center and Stanford Japan Fund for their generous financial support.
    [Show full text]
  • Vulnerability Assessment, Climate Change Impacts and Adaptation Measures
    Chapter 5 Vulnerability Assessment, Climate Change Impacts and Adaptation Measures Chapter 5 Vulnerability Assessment, Climate Change Impacts and Adaptation Measures This chapter is a summary of the present knowledge and understanding regarding the projected impacts of climate change in Japan. Specifically, this chapter reviews the results of research being conducted on climate change in Japan and presents an organized analysis in order to clarify the impacts on the country. Research to date indicates that climate change could significantly impact natural disasters, the water resources, food supplies, natural ecosystems, public health, and urban life, as well as various other sectors in Japan. Wise Adaption to Climate Change, a report by the Committee on Climate Change Impacts and Adaptation Research of the Ministry of Environment, for instance, points out that the impact of climate change is already appearing in Japan, and has rapidly emerged since the beginning of the 21st century. It is projected that climate change will significantly further impact the public’s lives in a broad range of areas. Some examples of this are: increased frequency of heavy rain, intensified typhoons, increased water-related damage from rising ocean levels, disasters resulting from storm surges, increased number of sediment disasters, more frequent and intense droughts resulting from extremely low rainfall and significant decreases in snow, an increased risk of heat stroke, hyperthermic stress, infectious diseases, and air pollution, elevated household expenditures caused heightened agricultural crop prices and cooling and heating costs in addition to increased discomfort and stress caused by extremely hot days and tropical nights, the loss of natural scenery, recreational spaces, and a decrease in seasonal change.
    [Show full text]