DOCSLIB.ORG

Adaptation Strategy for Climate Change in Japan

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Adaptation Strategy for Climate Change in Japan French – Japanese – Dutch workshop on impacts of climate change on hydrology Adaptation Strategy for Climate Change in Japan July 15, 2008 Toshio Okazumi Director for International Water Management Coordination Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism Government of Japan 1. Present conditions Japan is vulnerable to climate change. in Japan Kinki Region Kanto Region A y S a h Ikebukuro s i e n Station R n Ueno a i k v a Station S e r Kanzaki River K u Kameido R an m i da v Amagasaki Ri i Station ved r e Station Shin-Osaka Station a r Tokyo Shinjuku R Kinsicyo Old Edo River Old Edo Station i Station v Station e r Ara River Shibuya Osaka Station Neya River Shibu Yodo River Station ya Ri M ver Osaka Castle e Hirano gu ro Tennouji Station River R Toneiv River er Elevation Elevation About 50% of population 3m – 4m and about 75% of 3m – 4m 1m – 3m 1m – 3m 0m – 1m property on about 10% of 0m – 1m -1m – 0m -1m – 0m -1m – -1m – Water Area land lower than water Water Area levels in rivers during flooding 1. Present conditions Japan, France and the Netherlands in Japan１．我が国の現状 関東地方 Japan France The Netherlands ・Area：378,000km2 ・Area：547,000km2 ・Area：42,000km2 ・Many short steep rivers. ・Almost nation land is Gently ・Rhine River, Maas River, Schelde Geographical characteristics ・Sediment problems because of rolling plain and hill River as mild slope international poor soil ・South Pyrenees and East Alps are river ・Flood plain area is located by precipitous mountains ・Delta and low area alluvial fan and riverside Name of River Tone River Seine River Rhine River Profile of Basin Area About 17,000km2 About 78,000km2 About 185,000km2 represent ative length of river 322km 776km 1,320km river Average bed slope About 1/175 About 1/1,650 About 1/2,600 largest flow discharge 17,000m3/s(1947) 2,400m3/s (1910) 13,000m3/s (1926) annual mean rainfall 1,718mm About 1,000mm About 800mm Climate 100 year daily precipitation characteristics 376mm（Tokyo） About 79.4mm (Montsouris) 80mm（de Valdo） 100 year hourly precipitation 94mm（Tokyo） About 47.4mm (Montsouris) 40mm（ de Valdo ） 2. Outline of the IPPC Mechanism of global warming and climate change (impacts on water-related disasters) AR4 Report Large volumes of greenhouse gas emissions cause CO2 concentration in the air to rise and increase heat absorption, resulting in temperature rise. Thus, global warming occurs. Melting of glaciers, ice caps and Thermal expansion Change in Change in snow ice sheets of sea water evapotranspiration accumulation condition Sea level rise (Maximum rise: 59 cm) More intense typhoons Increase of More frequent heavy Earlier snow melt precipitation by a rains and droughts and reduction of factor of 1.1 to 1.3* discharge Change in water use Increase of river flow rate pattern MoreMore frequentfrequent highhigh tidestides andand coastalcoastal MoreMore frequentfrequent MoreMore seriousserious debrisdebris flowflow HigherHigher riskrisk ofof droughtdrought erosionserosions floodsfloods 2. Outline of the IPPC Rises of temperature and sea level AR4 Report -Temperature is expected to rise by about 0.2℃ per decade in the next 20 years. -Global average surface temperature is expected to rise by 1.8 to 4.0℃ in 100 years' time from now. -Global average sea level is expected to rise by 18 to 59 cm in 100 years' time from now. -Global warming and sea level rise will continue over several centuries even if green-house gas emissions are controlled. ・Average temperature ・Average sea level 700 ) 600 ℃ 500 Case where CO2 concentration in 2000 水 will remain unchanged 位 400 Peak 20th century Rise of 4.0℃ 変 化 300 590mm ( 200 m m 100 Rise of 1.8℃ ) 0 -100 Change in sea level (mm) level in sea Change -200 1860 1880 1900 1920 1940 1960 1980 2000 2020 2040 2060 2080 2100 Source: Data prepared by the River Bureau based on the IPCC AR4 WG1 Report Rise of global average surface temperature ( surface temperature average Rise of global ・Rises of average temperature and sea level at the end of the 21st century Year A1: High growth oriented society Society achieving both Society achieving high A1Fl: Dependent on fossil energy sources global environmental economic growth A1T: Dependent on non-fossil energy sources protection and dependent on fossil A1B: Emphasis on the balance among various economic development energy sources energy sources A2: Multipolarized society About 1.8℃ About 4.0℃ B1: Sustainable growth oriented society Temperature rise (from 1.1℃ to 2.9℃) (from 2.4℃ to 6.4℃) B2: Emphasis on regional initiatives Source: Sea level rise Sea level rise ２６～５９ｃｍ IPCC AR4 WG1 (Working Group 1) Summary for Policymakers (Japan Meteorological Agency) -Solid lines indicate rises of global average surface temperature in each scenario identified using multiple models. -Shaded areas indicate the range of standard deviations of average annual temperature for each model. Source: IPCC AR4 WG1 Report 3. Impacts of Resolution of climate change prediction models heavy rains Resolution気候変動の予測を行うモデル of climate change prediction models has been improved year by year. の解像度は年々進歩 IPCCＩＰＣＣ１次報告書（１９９０） First Assessment Report (1990): Horizontal resolution of about 500水平解像度 km 約500km IPCCＩＰＣＣ２次報告書（１９９６） Second Assessment Report (1996): Horizontal resolution of about 250水平解像度 km 約250km IPCCＩＰＣＣ３次報告書（２００１） Third Assessment Report (2001): Horizontal resolution of about 180水平解像度 km 約180km IPCCＩＰＣＣ４次報告書（２００７） Fourth Assessment Report (2007): Horizontal resolution of about 110水平解像度 km 約110km GCM20GCM20 and RCM20:、RCM20 Horizontal ※メッシュの大きさを表現したもので、実際のメッシュ箇所とは関係ないMesh sizes are simply indicated regardless of actual mesh locations. resolution水平解像度 of about 20 約 km20km Prediction model in this河川局作成 study 3. Impacts of Estimation of increased rainfall in region heavy rains Future rainfall amounts were projected as a median value in each region of Average rainfall in 2080-2099 period Average rainfall in 1979-1998 period ② The above equation was obtained based on the maximum daily precipitation in the year ① at each survey point identified in GCM20 (A1B scenario). ① Hokkaido 1.24 ④ ② Tohoku 1.22 ③ ⑧ ③ Kanto 1.11 ⑤ ④ Hokuriku 1.14 ⑨ ⑥ ⑤ Chubu 1.06 ⑦ ⑥ Kinki 1.07 ⑩ Legend ⑦ Southern Kii 1.13 ⑪ 1.20～1.25 ⑧ San-in 1.11 1.15～1.20 ⑨ Setouchi 1.10 1.10～1.15 ⑩ Southern Shikoku 1.11 1.05～1.10 ⑪ Kyushu 1.07 1.00～1.05 3. Impacts of Declining return period by increasing rainfall heavy rains Return period of flood is declining by increasing rainfall in the future. Therefore declining future flood safety level is estimated. 【Image of declining return period at certain area】 Maximum daily rainfall × 1.2 return period future current 1/100 current data projected data 1/ 50 Rainfall probability sheets rainfall r 3. Impacts of Declining the degree of safety level heavy rains Impact for flood safety level by changing rainfall after 100 years Declining the degree of safety against flood 1/200 （CurrentTarget ） 1/150（CurrentTarget） 1/100（CurrentTarget ） （annual exceedance probability） （ by increasing future rainfall Region Future flood safety level exceedanceannual probability 200 Number of Number of Number of river system river system river system 175 Hokkaido － － 1/40 ～ 1/70 2 1/25 ～ 1/50 8 level safety Flood 150 Tohoku － － 1/22 ～ 1/55 5 1/27 ～ 1/40 5 Kanto 1/90 ～ 1/120 3 1/60 ～ 1/75 2 1/50 1 125 Hokuriku － － 1/50 ～ 1/90 5 1/40 ～ 1/46 4 100 Cyubu 1/90 ～ 1/145 2 1/80 ～ 1/99 4 1/60 ～ 1/70 3 75 Kinki 1/120 1 － － － － 50 Southern Kii － － 1/57 1 1/30 1 25 ） Saninn － － 1/83 1 1/39 ～ 1/63 5 0 Current Target Hokuriku Shikoku Southern Kyuusyuu Kanto Hokkaido Tohoku Setouchi Cyubu Saninn Kinki 計 北 東 関 北 中 近 Southern Kii 紀 山 瀬 四 九 Setouchi 1/100 1 1/82 ～ 1/86 3 1/44 ～ 1/65 3 画 海 北 東 陸 部 畿 伊 陰 戸 国 州 Southern Shikoku － － 1/56 1 1/41 ～ 1/51 3 道 ③ ② ① 南 内 南 ① ③ Kyusyu － － 1/90～1/100 4 1/60～1/90 14 ② 部 ① 部 All Japan 1/90 ～ 1/145 7 1/22 ～ 1/100 28 1/25 ～ 1/90 47 ① （ annual exceedanceannual probability （ 150 exceedanceannual probability 100 Flood safety level safety Flood 125 level safety Flood 75 100 75 50 50 25 25 ） Kyuusyuu Kanto Shikoku Southern Hokuriku Current Target Hokkaido Tohoku Setouchi Cyubu Kinki 0 計 北 東 関 北 中 近 紀 山 瀬 四 九 0 計 北 東 関 北 中 近 Southern Kii 紀 Saninn 山 瀬 四 九 Hokuriku Shikoku Southern Kyuusyuu Kanto Cyubu Hokkaido Tohoku Saninn Kinki Setouchi Current Target Southern Kii ） 画 海 北 東 陸 部 畿 伊 陰 戸 国 州 画 海 北 東 陸 部 畿 伊 陰 戸 国 州 道 ⑤ ② ⑤ ④ 南 ① 内 南 ④ 道 ⑤ ① ④ ③ 南 ⑤ 内 南 ⑭ ① ③ ② ② 部 ③ 部 ⑧ 部 ⑤ ③ 部 ④ ⑤ ① ③ ⑤ ③ ① ④ ① ③ ① ① ⑧ ③ ⑤ ⑭ ② ① ④ ① ※ Circled number is number of calculated river system 3. Impacts of Changes of peak runoff by future rainfall heavy rains Estimations of future rainfall are about ×1.0 ～×1.5 compare to current rainfall. Peak runoff will be estimated about ×1.0 ～×1.7 compare to current rainfall in 9 major rivers. 計画降雨量の増加と基本高水のピーク流量の変化 Design Rainfall ×1.0 ×1.1 ×1.2 ×1.3 ×1.5 Ishikari石狩川 Riv. Design Level Basin Area Peak Runoff of Design Flood (Hokkaido)(北海道） １／１５０ 12,697ｋｍ2 18,000 m3／s 20,500 23,000 25,600 30,700 北上川 Kitakami Riv. １／１５０ ｋｍ2 3／ (Tohoku)（東北） 7,070 13,600 m s 15,700 17,800 19,900 24,000 Tone利根川 Riv. About 21,000 m3／s １／２００ 5,114ｋｍ2 23,600 25,900 27,900 31,800 (Kanto)（関東） (Calculated by 1/200) 黒部川 Kurobe Riv.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Climate Change and Human Health: Risks and Responses
    Climate change and human health RISKS AND RESPONSES Editors A.J. McMichael The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia D.H. Campbell-Lendrum London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom C.F. Corvalán World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland K.L. Ebi World Health Organization Regional Office for Europe, European Centre for Environment and Health, Rome, Italy A.K. Githeko Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisumu, Kenya J.D. Scheraga US Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC, USA A. Woodward University of Otago, Wellington, New Zealand WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION GENEVA 2003 WHO Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data Climate change and human health : risks and responses / editors : A. J. McMichael . [et al.] 1.Climate 2.Greenhouse effect 3.Natural disasters 4.Disease transmission 5.Ultraviolet rays—adverse effects 6.Risk assessment I.McMichael, Anthony J. ISBN 92 4 156248 X (NLM classification: WA 30) ©World Health Organization 2003 All rights reserved. Publications of the World Health Organization can be obtained from Marketing and Dis- semination, World Health Organization, 20 Avenue Appia, 1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland (tel: +41 22 791 2476; fax: +41 22 791 4857; email: [email protected]). Requests for permission to reproduce or translate WHO publications—whether for sale or for noncommercial distribution—should be addressed to Publications, at the above address (fax: +41 22 791 4806; email: [email protected]). The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the World Health Organization concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries.
    [Show full text]
  • Practice and Experience Addressing Climate Change in Japan
    PRACTICE AND EXPERIENCE ADDRESSING CLIMATE CHANGE IN JAPAN Supplementary Reader for the Training Workshop on Climate Change Strategies for Local Governments Institute for Global Environmental Strategies (IGES) Kitakyushu Urban Centre November 2017 Practice and Experience of Addressing Climate Change in Japan Supplementary Reader for the Training Workshop on Climate Change Strategies for Local Governments Author Junko AKAGI, Research Manager, Kitakyushu Urban Centre (KUC), IGES Contributor Shino HORIZONO, Programme Coordinator, KUC, IGES Acknowledgements Production of this textbook was financially supported by the Ministry of the Environment, Japan (MOEJ). Institute for Global Environmental Strategies (IGES) Kitakyushu Urban Centre International Village Centre 3F, 1-1-1 Hirano, Yahata-Higashi-ku, Kitakyushu City, Japan 805-0062 TEL: +81-93-681-1563 Email: [email protected] http://www.iges.or.jp/en/sustainable-city/index.html Copyright©2017 by Ministry of the Environment, Japan Disclaimer Although every effort is made to ensure objectivity and balance, the publication of research results or translation does not imply IGES endorsement or acquiescence with its conclusions or the endorsement of IGES funders. IGES maintains a position of neutrality at all times on issues concerning public policy. Hence conclusions that are reached in IGES publications should be understood to be those of the authors and not attributed to staff-members, officers, directors, trustees, funders, or to IGES itself. PRACTICE AND EXPERIENCE OF ADDRESSING CLIMATE CHANGE IN JAPAN Supplementary Reader for the Training Workshop on Climate Change Strategies for Local Governments Institute for Global Environmental Strategies INDEX 1. Background on the Implementation of Climate Change Countermeasures by Cities ........................................................ 1 1) Scientific findings and international trends ..................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Geography & Climate
    Web Japan http://web-japan.org/ GEOGRAPHY AND CLIMATE A country of diverse topography and climate characterized by peninsulas and inlets and Geography offshore islands (like the Goto archipelago and the islands of Tsushima and Iki, which are part of that prefecture). There are also A Pacific Island Country accidented areas of the coast with many Japan is an island country forming an arc in inlets and steep cliffs caused by the the Pacific Ocean to the east of the Asian submersion of part of the former coastline due continent. The land comprises four large to changes in the Earth’s crust. islands named (in decreasing order of size) A warm ocean current known as the Honshu, Hokkaido, Kyushu, and Shikoku, Kuroshio (or Japan Current) flows together with many smaller islands. The northeastward along the southern part of the Pacific Ocean lies to the east while the Sea of Japanese archipelago, and a branch of it, Japan and the East China Sea separate known as the Tsushima Current, flows into Japan from the Asian continent. the Sea of Japan along the west side of the In terms of latitude, Japan coincides country. From the north, a cold current known approximately with the Mediterranean Sea as the Oyashio (or Chishima Current) flows and with the city of Los Angeles in North south along Japan’s east coast, and a branch America. Paris and London have latitudes of it, called the Liman Current, enters the Sea somewhat to the north of the northern tip of of Japan from the north. The mixing of these Hokkaido.
    [Show full text]
  • Report on Rebuilding Flood-Conscious Societies in Small
    Report on Rebuilding Flood-Conscious Societies in Small and Medium River Basins January 2017 Council for Social Infrastructure Development 1 Contents 1. Introduction - Accelerate Rebuilding Flood-Conscious Societies ............................... 3 2. Typhoons in the Hokkaido and Tohoku regions in August 2016 .................................. 5 2.1 Outline of Torrential Rains ........................................................................................ 5 2.2 Outline of Disaster Damage ....................................................................................... 6 2.3 Features of the Disasters ............................................................................................ 7 3. Small and Medium River Basins under Changing Climate and Declining Populations ................................................................................................................................................ 9 4. Key Activities Based on the Report of December 2015 ................................................ 11 5. Key Challenges to be addressed..................................................................................... 13 6. Measures Needed in Small and Medium River Basins ................................................ 15 6.1 Basic Policy ................................................................................................................ 15 6.2 Measures to be taken ................................................................................................ 17 7. Conclusion ......................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Recent Climate Change in Japan – Spatial and Temporal Characteristics of Trends of Temperature
    Clim. Past, 5, 13–19, 2009 www.clim-past.net/5/13/2009/ Climate © Author(s) 2009. This work is distributed under of the Past the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License. Recent climate change in Japan – spatial and temporal characteristics of trends of temperature D. Schaefer and M. Domroes Department of Geography, Mainz University, 55099 Mainz, Germany Received: 7 February 2008 – Published in Clim. Past Discuss.: 21 April 2008 Revised: 12 December 2008 – Accepted: 12 December 2008 – Published: 9 February 2009 Abstract. In this paper temperature series of Japan were sta- the global average surface air temperatures have risen by tistically analysed in order to answer the question whether 0.74◦C [0.56◦C to 0.92◦C] over the last 100 yr from 1906– recent climate change can be proved for Japan; the results 2005 (IPCC, 2007). The corresponding trend for the ob- were compared and discussed with the global trends. The servation period 1901–2000 is 0.6◦C [0.4◦C to 0.8◦C] un- observations in Japan started for some stations in the 1870s, derling the general strengthening of the warming trend dur- 59 stations are available since 1901, 136 stations since 1959. ing the last decades: Eleven of the last twelve years (1995– Modern statistical methods were applied, such as: Gaussian 2006) rank among the 12 warmest years in the instrumen- binominal low-pass filter (30 yr), trend analysis (linear re- tal record of global surface temperature (since 1850) (IPCC, gression model) including the trend-to-noise-ratio as mea- 2007). Although the temperature increase is widespread over sure of significance and the non-parametric, non-linear trend the globe, spatial and temporal characteristics of tempera- test according to MANN (MANN’s Q).
    [Show full text]
  • Off-Track Betting on Your Doorstep *Charges for Pay-Seats, Etc., Are Valid As of Nov
    Ashiyu foot bath at WINS Isawa Excel Floor of WINS Shin-Yokohama Carousel at WINS Shin-Shirakawa WINS Kyoto Entrance to WINS Namba WINS Sasebo in Huis ten Bosch WINS – off-track betting on your doorstep *Charges for pay-seats, etc., are valid as of Nov. 13th, 2009. Did you know that you can place a bet without going to a racecourse? Just pop in to your local WINS off-track betting facility! With branches all over Japan, WINS are also convenient places for meeting spot or just taking a coffee break. Some WINS facilities are set up with comfortable sofas and PC and monitor for your personal use, allowing you to enjoy the whole day at the races! Of course, WINS also make payouts on winning bets. WINS Sapporo(some pay-seats) WINS Shizunai WINS Kushiro WINS Ginza-dori WINS Korakuen (some pay-seats) WINS Kinshicho (some pay-seats) Dodo-Biratori Shizunai Route JR Senmo Main Line Main Senmo JR ▲Sapporo Stn. Homac ▼ 391 Subway Ryogoku Ichikawa ▼ Hokkaido Sales WINS Posful Fujiya Toei Subway Hibiya Line Ginza Stn. Police box Kasuga Stn. Kinshicho Stn. WINS Sapporo Toho Subway Line Shizunai Kushiro Loop Road Setsuribashi Oedo Line JR Sobu Line Cosmo● Shizunai River Kushiro Timber Building B Higashi Ginza Mitsukoshi ● ● ● Subway Fire Station Reservoir ● Korakuen Stn. JR Yurakucho Stn. Hanzomon Line Stn. Dept. Store Expressway ● Suidobashi Stn. Plaza ▲ Miyuki-dori 44 Arche● ●Senshu-An Seiko Mart ● Shizunai Kushiro Rosai● Kushiro Ginza Stn. Tokyo Dome City Shopping Kinshicho Stn. Ginza-dori Kamotsu Showa-dori Attractions T street Police Hospital Yotsume-dori Municipal Nemuro o Marunouchi Line Subway e ● Jidosha Matsuya Dept.
    [Show full text]
  • March 2011 Earthquake, Tsunami and Fukushima Nuclear Accident Impacts on Japanese Agri-Food Sector
    Munich Personal RePEc Archive March 2011 earthquake, tsunami and Fukushima nuclear accident impacts on Japanese agri-food sector Bachev, Hrabrin January 2015 Online at https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/61499/ MPRA Paper No. 61499, posted 21 Jan 2015 14:37 UTC March 2011 earthquake, tsunami and Fukushima nuclear accident impacts on Japanese agri-food sector Hrabrin Bachev1 I. Introduction On March 11, 2011 the strongest recorded in Japan earthquake off the Pacific coast of North-east of the country occurred (also know as Great East Japan Earthquake, 2011 Tohoku earthquake, and the 3.11 Earthquake) which triggered a powerful tsunami and caused a nuclear accident in one of the world’s largest nuclear plant (Fukushima Daichi Nuclear Plant Station). It was the first disaster that included an earthquake, a tsunami, and a nuclear power plant accident. The 2011 disasters have had immense impacts on people life, health and property, social infrastructure and economy, natural and institutional environment, etc. in North-eastern Japan and beyond [Abe, 2014; Al-Badri and Berends, 2013; Biodiversity Center of Japan, 2013; Britannica, 2014; Buesseler, 2014; FNAIC, 2013; Fujita et al., 2012; IAEA, 2011; IBRD, 2012; Kontar et al., 2014; NIRA, 2013; TEPCO, 2012; UNEP, 2012; Vervaeck and Daniell, 2012; Umeda, 2013; WHO, 2013; WWF, 2013]. We have done an assessment of major social, economic and environmental impacts of the triple disaster in another publication [Bachev, 2014]. There have been numerous publications on diverse impacts of the 2011 disasters including on the Japanese agriculture and food sector [Bachev and Ito, 2013; JA-ZENCHU, 2011; Johnson, 2011; Hamada and Ogino, 2012; MAFF, 2012; Koyama, 2013; Sekizawa, 2013; Pushpalal et al., 2013; Liou et al., 2012; Murayama, 2012; MHLW, 2013; Nakanishi and Tanoi, 2013; Oka, 2012; Ujiie, 2012; Yasunaria et al., 2011; Watanabe A., 2011; Watanabe N., 2013].
    [Show full text]
  • Durham E-Theses
    Durham E-Theses Transience and durability in Japanese urban space ROBINSON, WILFRED,IAIN,THOMAS How to cite: ROBINSON, WILFRED,IAIN,THOMAS (2010) Transience and durability in Japanese urban space, Durham theses, Durham University. Available at Durham E-Theses Online: http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/405/ Use policy The full-text may be used and/or reproduced, and given to third parties in any format or medium, without prior permission or charge, for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-prot purposes provided that: • a full bibliographic reference is made to the original source • a link is made to the metadata record in Durham E-Theses • the full-text is not changed in any way The full-text must not be sold in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders. Please consult the full Durham E-Theses policy for further details. Academic Support Oce, Durham University, University Oce, Old Elvet, Durham DH1 3HP e-mail: [email protected] Tel: +44 0191 334 6107 http://etheses.dur.ac.uk Iain Robinson Transience and durability in Japanese urban space ABSTRACT The thesis addresses the research question “What is transient and what endures within Japanese urban space” by taking the material constructed form of one Japanese city as a primary text and object of analysis. Chiba-shi is a port and administrative centre in southern Kanto, the largest city in the eastern part of the Tokyo Metropolitan Region and located about forty kilometres from downtown Tokyo. The study privileges the role of process as a theoretical basis for exploring the dynamics of the production and transformation of urban space.
    [Show full text]
  • “Kidai Shoran”
    “Kidai Shoran” What is the picture scroll Kidai Shoran? Kidai Shoran is a work that depicts a bird’s-eye view of the Nihonbashi street in Edo from the east side. It shows the main street between Nihonbashi and Imagawabashi (now, Chuo street) in 1805, over 200 years ago. e original is possessed by Museum für Asiatische Kunst, Staatliche Museen zu Berlin. Although this excellent work is characterized by a warm sight and delicate touch, regrettably the name of the painter is unknown. e work vividly depicts 88 wholesale and retail stores, 1,671 people with various positions and jobs, 20 dogs, 13 horses, 4 cows, 1 monkey, 2 falcons, etc. Interesting scenes unfold one after another. e title Kidai Shoran seems to mean “an excellent scene of the great city of Edo in a glorious era.” It is just as if we slipped back in time to the Edo period. GUIDE TO THE EXHIBITIONS Regarding Kidai Shoran as a valuable work that will hand down the history and culture of Nihonbashi-street to future generations, the Nihonbashi-bridge Preservation Society and Committee for the 100-Year Renaissance Plan for Nihonbashi and Environs created and exhibited an about 17-meter copy of the picture scroll with the permission of Museum für Asiatische Kunst, Staatliche Museen zu Berlin and under the general supervision of the Edo-Tokyo Museum. e picture part of the copy is 40% larger than that of the original. e copy has been printed on Japanese paper. e panel surrounding the picture shows explanations about the townspeople’s culture in the Edo period.
    [Show full text]
  • Flood Loss Model Model
    GIROJ FloodGIROJ Loss Flood Loss Model Model General Insurance Rating Organization of Japan 2 Overview of Our Flood Loss Model GIROJ flood loss model includes three sub-models. Floods Modelling Estimate the loss using a flood simulation for calculating Riverine flooding*1 flooded areas and flood levels Less frequent (River Flood Engineering Model) and large- scale disasters Estimate the loss using a storm surge flood simulation for Storm surge*2 calculating flooded areas and flood levels (Storm Surge Flood Engineering Model) Estimate the loss using a statistical method for estimating the Ordinarily Other precipitation probability distribution of the number of affected buildings and occurring disasters related events loss ratio (Statistical Flood Model) *1 Floods that occur when water overflows a river bank or a river bank is breached. *2 Floods that occur when water overflows a bank or a bank is breached due to an approaching typhoon or large low-pressure system and a resulting rise in sea level in coastal region. 3 Overview of River Flood Engineering Model 1. Estimate Flooded Areas and Flood Levels Set rainfall data Flood simulation Calculate flooded areas and flood levels 2. Estimate Losses Calculate the loss ratio for each district per town Estimate losses 4 River Flood Engineering Model: Estimate targets Estimate targets are 109 Class A rivers. 【Hokkaido region】 Teshio River, Shokotsu River, Yubetsu River, Tokoro River, 【Hokuriku region】 Abashiri River, Rumoi River, Arakawa River, Agano River, Ishikari River, Shiribetsu River, Shinano
    [Show full text]
  • Japan: Tokai Heavy Rain (September 2000)
    WORLD METEOROLOGICAL ORGANIZATION THE ASSOCIATED PROGRAMME ON FLOOD MANAGEMENT INTEGRATED FLOOD MANAGEMENT CASE STUDY1 JAPAN: TOKAI HEAVY RAIN (SEPTEMBER 2000) January 2004 Edited by TECHNICAL SUPPORT UNIT Note: Opinions expressed in the case study are those of author(s) and do not necessarily reflect those of the WMO/GWP Associated Programme on Flood Management (APFM). Designations employed and presentations of material in the case study do not imply the expression of any opinion whatever on the part of the Technical Support Unit (TSU), APFM concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. WMO/GWP Associated Programme on Flood Management JAPAN: TOKAI HEAVY RAIN (SEPTEMBER 2000) Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport, Japan 1. Place 1.1 Location Positions in the flood inundation area caused by the Tokai heavy rain: Nagoya City, Aichi Prefecture is located at 35° – 35° 15’ north latitude, 136° 45’ - 137° east longitude. The studied area is Shonai and Shin river basin- hereinafter referred to as the Shonai river system. It locates about the center of Japan including Nagoya city area, 5th largest city in Japan with the population about 3millions. Therefore, two rivers flow through densely populated area and into the Pacific Ocean and are typical city-type rivers in Japan. Shin Riv. Border of basin Shonai Riv. Flooding area Point of breach ●Peak flow rate in major points on Sept. 12 (app. m3/s) ← Nagoya City, ← ← ino ino Aichi Prefecture j Ku ← 1,100 Shin Riv. ← 720 ← → ← ima Detention j Basin Shinkawa Araizeki Shidami Biwa (Fixed dam) Shin Riv.
    [Show full text]
  • Japanese Geography Quiz What Prefecture Is Located in the Northernmost Part in Japan?
    Japanese Geography Quiz What prefecture is located in the northernmost part in Japan? ① Hokkaido ② Aomori ③ Akita ④ Ishikawa What prefecture is located in the northernmost part in Japan? ① Hokkaido ② Aomori ③ Akita ④ Ishikawa What prefecture is located in the westernmost part in Japan? ① Okinawa ② Nagasaki ③ Osaka ④ Kagoshima What prefecture is located in the westernmost part in Japan? ① Okinawa ② Nagasaki ③ Osaka ④ Kagoshima What is the name of the island located in the southernmost part of Japan? ① Yaku Island ② Marcus Island ③ Okinawa Island ④ Okinotori Islands What is the name of the island located in the southernmost part of Japan? ① Yaku Island ② Marcus Island ③ Okinawa Island ④ Okinotori Islands What is the name of the island located in the easternmost part of Japan? ① Father Island ② Okinotori Islands ③ Marcus Island ④ Mother Island What is the name of the island located in the easternmost part of Japan? ① Father Island ② Okinotori Islands ③ Marcus Island ④ Mother Island What mountain is the second highest in Japan following Mt. Fuji? ① Yatsugatake Mountains ② Mt. Hotaka ③ Monte Yari ④ Mt. Kita (Shirane) What mountain is the second highest in Japan following Mt. Fuji? ① Yatsugatake Mountains ② Mt. Hotaka ③ Monte Yari ④ Mt. Kita (Shirane) How high is Mt.Fuji, the highest mountain in Japan? ① 1,776 meters ② 2,776 meters ③ 3,776 meters ④ 4,776 meters How high is Mt.Fuji, the highest mountain in Japan? ① 1,776 meters ② 2,776 meters ③ 3,776 meters ④ 4,776 meters What is the longest river in Japan? ① Shinano River ② Tone River ③ Ishikari
    [Show full text]