: Natural Environment, , Protected Areas and their Management, in brief D. Vokou, Department of , School of Biology, Aristotle University of , Greece

THE COUNTRY It is situated in the southernmost extension of the Balkan Peninsula. Its surface area is 132 000 km 2, of which 20% is distributed on its 3 000 islands. It has the longest coastline in Europe (14 000 km length). It has a population of 10 800 000 inhabitants, of which 49,2% are men and 50,8% are women.

NATURAL ENVIRONMENT Geographically, Greece belongs to Southeastern Europe and to the Eastern Mediterranean region. It is at the crossroads of three continents (Europe, Asia, and Africa).

The geomorphology is diverse. Greece is primarily a mountainous country. More than 40% of the land is over 500 metres in altitude; the highest peak is 2917 m (on Mt Olympos).

The is markedly influenced by the combination of geography and geomorphology. In most of the country, it is Mediterranean (a climatic type of low altitudes and close to the sea) with rainy winters and dry summers. However, many other climatic types are encountered ranging from the semi-arid and desert-like type of Southeastern to the cold wet continental type of the Rodopi mountain range, on the Greek-Bulgarian border.

The coldest months are January and February, with mean minimum temperature ranging between 5-10 0C, near the coasts, and 0-5 0C in mainland areas, and lower values (below freezing) in the northern part of the country. The warm season lasts from April until September. The warmest period is in July and August, with mean maximum temperatures in the range 29.0-35.0 0C. Precipitation is concentrated in the cold period. The amount of rainfall is approximately halved in the eastern part compared to the western part of the country.

The abiotic diversity, most notably the "mosaic" of micro-climatic types, is reflected in the presence of a highly diverse flora and (Table 1) and a great variety of .

BIODIVERSITY

The flora of Greece is composed of Mediterranean, Central European and Irano- Caspian elements. Over 6,000 plant species and subspecies have been recorded so far. There is a large number of endemic species relative to the size of Greece, due to the isolation of the numerous mountains and islands. In Europe, a higher number of species is found only in the Iberian Peninsula, where the flora also includes species of the Atlantic zone. The fauna consists of a rich mixture of European, Asian and African species, including a considerable number of endemic taxa. Nearly all mammal species are indigenous as well as 85% of freshwater fish species. The freshwater fish fauna is one of the richest in Europe: 157 taxa, of which 83 (37 species) are endemic, in the standing and running water systems of the country. Reptile fauna is also one of the richest in Europe, with 64 species, of which 9 are endemics. There are 22 species of Amphibia, of which 3 are endemic. Greece is also important for birds: 447 bird species have been recorded, of which at least 240 nest in the country. Some species (e.g. Pelecanus crispus ) nest only in Greece of all EU countries. The mammals of Greece include 115 species, of which 57 belong to IUCN endangered species categories. Finally, the number of invertebrate species has been estimated at about 25,000, with around 4000 endemics. These are very large number when compared to the country's small size.

The ecosystems range from the semi-desert ones of Southeastern Crete to the cold climate mountain forests of birch, Scotch pine, and spruce in the mountain range, in northeastern Greece. About 30% of the country is forested. Mediterranean-type ecosystems cover about 40% of the country’s territory. Wetlands (rivers, estuaties, deltas, lagoons, shallow lakes, shallow marine formations, and marshes) cover an area of about 210.000 hectares. An important attribute of the terrestrial as well as the wetland ecosystems of Greece is that in spite of the often severe man-induced degradations, they maintain their natural character to a considerable degree. Few countries of the European Union have such a high biological diversity in a state so close to natural conditions.

In brief, Greece with its rugged mountainous relief (42 summits over 2000m), its complex geology and the numerous islands and convoluted coastline presents a great diversity of natural scenery. The isolation of some habitats has led to the evolution of many endemic and rare animal and plant species. There is a great variety of meteorological conditions ranging from the dry semi-arid, semi-desert climate of SE Crete to the cold, humid continental climate of Rhodope mountain range bordering the Northern shores of the . This variety combined with that of the geomorphological features in reflected in its rich flora and fauna. A journey of just 150 km, from the town of , at the coast of the North Aegean Sea to the top of Rhodope mountain takes the traveler through Mediterranean, Central European to even Northern (boreal) vegetation.

Table 1. Biodiversity in Greece, in numbers (1,2)

Organisms No. Species No. Endemic taxa Higher plants 5752 1278 Animals (terrestrial) 23130 3956 Animals (Marine) 3500 Mammals 115 1 Birds 442 Reptiles 64 9 Amphibia 22 3 Freshwater fish 154 83 Invertebrates ~25000 3860

2 1Dimopoulos P. et al 2013. Vascular plants of Greece: An annotated checklist. Englera 31: 1-1372, 2Legakis Α., Maragou P. (eds) 2009. The red book of threatened animals of Greece. Hellenic Zoological Society, .

PROTECTED AREAS

Greece started to identify natural areas of specific ecological importance and place them under special protection in 1937. In the early stages of protection, all human activities were prohibited. Later on, this concept was abandoned and a new approach was followed, that of associating protection with the sustainable use of natural resources. The protected areas of Greece fall today within the following categories (L. 3937/2011) • Strict Nature Reserves • Nature Reserves • Habitat / Species management areas [Special Areas of Conservation (SACs), Special Protection Areas (SPA), Wildlife refuges] • Protected /Seascapes and natural formations • Natural Parks [National / Regional]

In general, in Strict Nature Reserves , all activities are prohibited, except research and works for nature conservation. In Nature Reserves research and mainly traditional activities are allowed. In the remaining categories, activities are regulated.

Natural Parks aim at the preservation of significant flora and fauna species, geological formations and nature, in general. They may include parts of all other categories and usually consist of a core area and a buffer zone with many activities being forbidden in the core area. Depending on their importance they are divided into National and Regional. The older National Parks of the country included mostly forests.

Mount Olympus was the first National Park of Greece, declared in 1938 (13). The same year, Mount Parnassos was also declared a National Park (8). Mount was next (6) in 1961, Samaria's Gorge (3) and (1) in 1962, Mount Pindos (Valia- Calda) (10) and Mount Oiti (9) in 1966, Vikos Gorge-Aoos River (11) in 1973 and finally, the Prespes Lakes (12) and Sounio (4) in 1974. New National Parks were established much later. The first was the Northern National Marine Park (7) in 1992, which includes the terrestrial and marine areas of the Northern Sporades Archipelago, which provide refuge to the critically endangered Monk seal ( Monachus monachus ). The National Marine Park of followed (2) in 1999, for the protection of the sea turtle Caretta caretta . In 2003, the National Park of Schoinias was founded, for the protection of Schoinias' wetland and the pine ( Pinus pinea ) forest, Dadia-Lefkimmi-Soufli forest (21), for the protection of the birds of prey that live there, North Pindos (14), Mesolonghi Lagoon (16), the wetland Axios-Aliakmonas-Gallikos-Loudias-Kaloxori Lagoon (17), Lake Kerkini (20), the Delta (22), the Amvrakikos Gulf (23), and finally Mt Tzoumerka (black box). Some other protected areas are also shown on the map: Lake Karla (15), Lake (18) and Psalidi area in island (19).

Wildlife Refugees (L. 2367/98), aim to the protection of the areas for feeding, wintering, breeding and rescuing of the species of wild fauna and flora. Within Wildlife Refugees, hunting, caption of species for reasons other than research, destruction of vegetated areas, taking of sand, drainage of marshes, pollution and inclusion of the area in civil planning is prohibited. Other activities within the Wildlife Refugees can be regulated by

3 the competent Regional Authorities. There are 580 Wildlife Refuges in Greece, covering approximately 860,000 hectares. Wildlife refuges along with the sites of the Natura 2000 network (see below) are included in the category ‘ Habitat / Species management areas’

Various types of protected areas are included in the wide category ‘Protected Landscapes /Seascapes and natural formations’, among which the following:

Figure 1. Location of the (and of some other protected areas). For explanation of numbers, see text under Natural Parks.

Aesthetic forests : These are wooded areas or natural landscapes of special aesthetic, ecological and tourist value, the flora, fauna and natural beauty of which must be protected. There are 19 aesthetic forests covering a surface of 33,109 hectares. Vai palm-tree forest (Lassithi, Crete) – Kessariani forest () – Vale of Tempi () – Karaiskaki () – Xylokastro () – Panemistimioupoli of Patra (Achaia) – (Ioannina) – Farsala (Larissa) – Steni (Evvia) – Ossa Forest Complex (Larissa) – Mongostos (Corinthia) – Nikopolis Mytika () – Skiathos pine-forest – Nestos River Straits (, Kavala) – Ethnikis Anexartissias, Kalavryta (Achaia) – Tithoreas (Fthiotida) – Amygdaleonas (Kavala) – Ailias () – Kouri Almyrou ().

Preserved Natural Monuments : These include individual trees or clumps of trees of outstanding botanical, paleontological, aesthetic, historical and/or cultural value, as well as areas of great ecological, paleontological and/or geomorphologic interest. The designated natural monuments amount to 51 and cover an area of 16 840 hectares. Most monuments occupy just a few square meters.

Ecodevelopment areas: this is a former designation [according to previous legislation (L. 1650/86)] corresponding to areas that may include villages and other human settlements, which are important because of their natural and cultural features offer opportunities for development consistent with the protection of nature and .

4 Protected areas may be created on the basis of primarily Greek, European (Community) or International interest (international conventions). In many cases, the same area is listed at national, European and/or International level. For instance, a number of wetlands are protected at the international level: these are the Wetlands of International Importance according to the International Convention of Ramsar, Iran (1971). There are 146 contracting parties in this convention with 1,462 wetlands, covering 125.4 million hectares. Greece has characterized 10 Wetlands of international importance according to the Ramsar Convention covering an area of 167.301 hectares. At the same time, they are all National Parks. Evros Delta – Lake Vistonis, Porto Lagos, Lake Ismaris (Mitrikou) and Messis Lagoons – Nestos Delta and adjacent lagoons - Lake Koronia and Lake Volvi – Axios-Loudias-Aliakmon Delta – Lake Kerkini - Lake Mikri Prespa and Lake Megali Prespa – Amvrakikos Gulf – Messolonghi Lagoon – Kotychi Lagoon

According to UNESCO’s programme entitled “Man and Biosphere” two areas have been categorized as “ Biosphere Reserves ”: The National Park of Olympus and the National Park of Samaria.

According to the Convention on World Cultural Heritage, which operates under the auspices of UNESCO and was ratified in Greece in 1981, the United Nations have declared 27 Monuments of World Heritage in Greece . Of these, the Antihasia Mountains – Meteora (387 hectares) and (33.700 hectares) are mixed sites (i.e. of both cultural and natural value (categories: Cultural site, Natural site, Mixed site) Meteora - Mount Athos - the temple of Apollo Epicurius at Vassae - the sanctuary of Asclepios at Epidaurus - the Pythagoreion and Heraion of - the Palaeochristian and Byzantine Monuments of Thessaloniki - the Old Town of - the Monasteries of Daphni, Osios Loukas and Nea Moni of - the Medieval City of - the Historic Centre with the Monastery of St. John "the Theologian" and the Cave of the Apocalypse on the island of - island - the archaelogical sites of Mycenae and Tiryns - the archaeological site of Olympia - the archaeological site of Mystras - the archaeological site of Delphi - the archaeological site of Aigai (Vergina) - Acropolis of Athens

The Council of Europe launched in 1965 the Eurodiploma . This is granted to areas recognized as areas of natural heritage and of European interest and are protected accordingly. In case of degradation of the natural environment the Eurodiploma can be withdrawn. The National Park of Samaria (covering 4.850 hectares) has been granted the Eurodiploma (Category A').

THE HABITATS DIRECTIVE (Directive 92/43/EEC) – THE NATURA 2000 NETWORK In May 1992, European Union governments adopted legislation designed to protect the most seriously threatened habitats and species across Europe. This legislation is called the Habitats Directive and complements the Birds Directive adopted in 1979. At the heart of both these Directives is the creation of a network of sites called Natura 2000. The Birds Directive requires the establishment of Special Protection Areas (SPAs) for birds. The Habitats Directive similarly requires Special Areas of Conservation (SACs) to be designated for other species, and for habitats. Together, SPAs and SACs make up the Natura 2000 sites. All EU Member States contribute to the network of sites in a Europe- wide partnership from the Canaries to Crete and from Sicily to Finnish Lapland. Special Protection Areas (SPAs) are classified under the Birds Directive to help protect and manage areas which are important for rare and vulnerable birds, because they use them for breeding, feeding, wintering or migration. Special Areas of Conservation (SACs) are classified under the Habitats Directive and provide with increased protection

5 and management rare and vulnerable animals, plants and habitats. In Annexes I, II, IV and V of the Directive, the lists of habitat types and species to be protected are included.

To achieve the goal for the identification and evaluation of biodiversity, the Directive started to be implemented in Greece in 1994 by a national project titled "Inventory, Identification, Evaluation and Mapping of the Habitat types and Flora and Fauna species in Greece". Following this, the Habitats Directive was incorporated into Greece's national legislation in 1998 (Joint Ministerial Decision 33318/3028/1998) and the list of Sites of Community Importance (SCI) was prepared. The list became official in 2006: it was published at the official NewsPaper of EC (L259 vol.49 21/9/2006, available through http://europa.eu.int). Six years after this, SCIs had to become SACs, which means that conservation objectives, priorities and measures had been defined and implementation of measures started.

Greece belongs entirely to one Biogeographical Zone: the Mediterranean. Information on sites, habitats and species of the Natura 2000 network is given in Tables 2 and E. It must be noted that important habitat types and species of Greece are not included in the Directive's Annexes. This is particularly true for most of the endemic and many endangered species. Therefore, in addition to its EU commitments, the country has to find ways to safeguard their conservation as well.

Table 2. The Natura 2000 network in Greece, in numbers: Species of community interest.

Taxa No. Species of Community Interest Plants 61 Mammals 63 Amphibia 13 Reptiles 47 Fish 72 Invertebrates 47 Birds

Table 3. The Natura 2000 network in Greece, in numbers: Sites and habitats.

Features No. Habitats No. SPAs No. SCI/SACs Total No. Sites Number 82 Terrestrial 202 241 9 Marine Area (ha) 2953230 2807512 4294960 [36033551/ 691605 2]

% Greece 21.1 1 + 1.4 2 16.3 1 + 5.7 2 27.3 1 + 6.1 2 1of the surface of the country, 2of territorial waters

According to the Article 17 of Directive 92/43/EEC, Member States submit every six years, national reports on the enforcement of the Directive. These reports are prepared in accordance with a model approved by the European Commission. Currently, available are only the 1 st and 2 nd report (see below)

6 NATURA 2000 Map Viewer

With the assistance of the European Environment Agency (EEA), the European Commission has developed a public NATURA 2000 Map Viewer, accessible through http://natura2000.eea.europa.eu. The Map Viewer provides the opportunity to navigate the European NATURA 2000 network of sites over different background layers, such as Street Map data, satellite imagery, CORINE LandCover, biogeographical regions, protected areas, etc; to search for locations of interest, NATURA 2000 sites, species and habitats of interest; to view useful information (name, code, area, perimeter) and photographs of a certain site; to quick access the Standard Data Form of a certain site; to print a map from the viewable map window.

MANAGEMENT OF PROTECTED AREAS

Protected areas (PAs) were first proclaimed in the country in 1938. Their management was the responsibility of local forest services and their funding derived solely from state sources. Major changes to this scheme were introduced half a century later (L. 1650/1986). Tthese concerned the designation processes, the distribution of responsibilities and the categories of protected areas. Major responsibilities like for planning and designing policies and measures were transferred to the Ministry of Environment but their implementation remained the responsibility of the local forest services that belonged to the Ministry of Agriculture. The two ministries failed to develop a viable collaboration scheme. Additionally, the absence of any provision for involving local communities in the decision-making and the actual management of protected areas raised several problems.

The regulatory framework for the PAs was repeatedly revised between 1999 and 2011. A number of factors dictated changes. Human pressures, mainly from agricultural and recreational activities, increased, while social conflicts in the designated PAs were far from resolved. In addition, although state actors were responsible for the management of PAs, several non-state actors came to be highly involved through tourism and other activities. Most importantly, Greece had to incorporate new European regulations in national laws, primarily the Habitats Directive. The regulations that were introduced (L. 2742/1999, 3044/2002 and 3937/2011) contributed to the gradual formation of a new management framework for PAs incorporating principles of co-management. Changes were also introduced to the PA categories with a new important category added, the ‘Habitat/Species Μanagement Αreas’ to accommodate those Natura 2000 sites in the Greek territory that were not already part of existing PAs. Several entities are eligible (L. 2742/1999) to undertake the management of PAs: specifically created autonomous bodies, public services, local or regional authorities, entities of the broader public sector like state universities or research institutes or of the private sector like NGOs with proven relevant capacity. However, the centrally favoured option during the last 10 years had been that of the autonomous legal authorities.

The 28 management authorities (MAs) of protected areas in Greece have under their jurisdiction less than 30% of the sites making the Greek part of the Natura 2000 network. The list of sites to be included in the network was the product of many scientists working together under the coordination of the Greek Biotope/Wetland Centre. There was no procedure involving public consultation for the list to become accepted and finalised. Before the Natura 2000 network was established, the most important protected areas in

7 the country were its National Parks (forested areas, primarily) and its Ramsar wetlands. They were later assigned also as Natura 2000 sites.

MAs are responsible for the administration and management of PAs, for observing and evaluating the implementation of related regulations, for providing expert opinion to state actors, also for research, planning and implementing environmental education and awareness programs, undertaking and promoting eco-tourism activities, and fostering sustainable development activities (L. 2742/1999). However, MAs are not authorized to enforce the law. This remains the responsibility of other authorities (forest service, police, port police, etc.) that are empowered by the state and have the necessary control mechanisms. For instance, the guarding personnel of MAs can only exert supervision of PAs and notify accordingly the authorities that are responsible to enforce the law.

MAs are governed by Administration Boards (ABs). In compliance with the law, ABs have a three-year term and consist of 7-11 non-paid members who represent major stakeholders in the area, both public and private. More specifically, ABs consist of members representing the central government (specific ministries), members representing local authorities (mayors, prefects or their deputies), members elected to represent locally active private-interest groups (like agricultural cooperatives, fishermen associations, etc), and members representing NGOs that operate in the area. In addition, there are environmental scientists specialized on issues of the PAs who do not represent anybody, but are there to offer their scientific expertise. AB presidents are selected directly by the Minister of the Environment, whereas the other members are first appointed by the actors represented in the ABs (law 2742/1999). The necessary personnel for the functioning of the MAs (scientific, administrative, guards and guides) are hired by the ABs after open calls, through processes and with criteria established by the State: educational, professional but also social.

Protection and management of the natural environment lies within a number of public services that have overlapping responsibilities. According to the legislation, important issues must be controlled and regulated by the national ‘Natura 2000’ Committee, which is the main scientific advisory body of the State on biodiversity and protected areas issues. It is primarily responsible for coordinating, monitoring and evaluating policies and measures for the implementation of the Habitats directive and the protection of biodiversity in Greece (L. 3937/2011). Of the Committee full and deputy members, 12 are Faculty or Research Institute members representing different environmental disciplines, 4 represented NGOs with country-wide operation and another 12 represented various ministries.

2ND REPORT ON THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE HABITATS DIRECTIVE (in brief) Reporting period: 2001-2006, Greece – The report consists of two parts: the first includes general information on the conservation measures taken under the Habitats Directive on National Level (legal framework, state of designation of Natura 2000, management issues, conservation and mitigation measures, financing, species protection, etc.). The second part focuses on the conservation status of the habitat types (Annex I) and species (Annexes II, IV and V) of the Habitats Directive, present in our country.

The national reports of all member states are used by the European for the preparation of a single composite report at biogeographical level. Those interested can access the

8 data of the 2nd national report from the link: http://cdr.eionet.europa.eu/gr/eu/art17. We give below a short general description of the main conservation measures that had been taken over the report period.

The main statutory measure for the conservation of the Natura 2000 sites is their designation according to national legislation. According to the Law (1650/86), for the designation of protected areas, a Specific Environmental Study (SES) has to be made. After its completion, the SES is approved and together with the draft legislation text for the designation of the area, it is opened to the public. Comments are incorporated and the legislative text is signed by the competent Ministers. If the draft legal text is a Presidential Decree , it has to be checked by the High Court and then signed by the President of Democracy. SES is necessary for justifying the importance of the natural environment of the area under designation and the need for the proposed measures. Under the designation act of each area, a number of restrictions for works and activities are determined; among them, restrictions and prohibitions in land use, in building and dividing land into smaller pieces, in constructions, in implementation of agricultural, fishing, stock raising activities etc.

Forested areas are managed by the Forest Services. Main activities regulated in forested areas are tree felling, grazing, hunting, use of chemicals, collection of herbs and other plant species, research, implementation of technical works, restriction to access, etc. Hunting specifically, is regulated every year at country level, with a Decision from the Minister of Rural Development. Forest Services develop specific forest management plans for their areas of responsibility and are also responsible for their wardening. Forest management plans do not have in all cases conservation objectives.

Management Bodies of protected areas, during the period in concern, concentrated mainly in the construction and repair of infrastructure in the sites of their responsibility, application of interpretation works, wardening, information-public awareness activities, management of visitors. Drafting of management plans for the areas of their responsibilities is planned for almost all of them with funds of the third Community Support Framework.

Through the third Community Support Framework, restoration works for a lake (Karla) took place. Trough national funding and through the project “Sustainable development” several measures were also applied at local level: Specifically, for the Protection of the Mediterranean Monk Seal (Monachus monachus ), mitigation of the conflict between monk seal and fisheries was addressed, and for the protection of the sea turtle Caretta caretta , reduction of intentional and accidental injuries/deaths of loggerhead sea turtles arising from capture in fishermen’s nets was attempted. Through this project the existing rehabilitation system (rescue centre and rescue network) was improved and complemented with the opening of two first aid centres at areas where most captures are recorded.

Management measures have also been applied at national level by beneficiaries supported by the EU through the Life-Nature projects, such as: restoration of temporary ponds, management of grazing for the protection of temporary ponds, rehabilitation of coppice Quercus frainetto and Q. ilex towards high forest, restoration of lagoons (Kotychi–Strofylia, Drana), rehabilitation of sand dunes, enhancement of natural regeneration, restoration of reed beds, wet meadows and the priority habitat type of

9 riparian forest (with Alnus glutinosa and Fraxinus excelsior in Chimaditida – Zazari wetlands), reed bed management, fencing off of sensitive areas and creation of small lakes for amphibian populations (in Mainalo mountain), rehabilitation of calcareous bog fens (in Trichonis lake), protection from expanding agricultural activities, management of Palm groves, recovery and conservation of Ladigesocypris ghigii (a freshwater fish in the Cyprinidae family) with in situ (by creating model biotopes) and ex situ actions (creation of breeding stocks which could be used for re-introductions), creation of plant micro- reserves in Crete for six priority plant species ( Androcymbium rechingeri, Anthemis glaberrima, Bupleurum kakiskalae, Cephalanthera cucullata, Hypericum aciferum and Nepeta sphaciotica ) to protect them from grazing and uncontrolled access. Specific measures have also been taken for other species of special importance, such as provision of shepherd dogs and electrical fences to livestock owners and farmers to face damages made by bears ( Ursus arctos ); provision of shepherd dogs was similarly a measure in case of damages by wolves.

Agr ο-environmental measures applied concern mainly organic farming, organic livestock farming, protection of nitrate vulnerable zones, protection of wetland areas, extensive livestock farming, protection of traditional orchards, maintenance of local endangered breeds, maintenance of plant resources under threat of genetic erosion, promotion of farm practices for the protection of wild life, long-term set-aside, conversion of arable land to extensive pastures and preservation of hedgerows and terraces.

For both the freshwater and marine environment, measures so far concern mainly ways of fishing and exploitation, allowed sizes of caught fish species and fishing periods (with prohibition of fishing during spawning times). For the marine environment, regulations and restrictions are valid for the protection not only of fish but also of lobsters, shrimps, mussels, molluscs, shells in general. Coral reefs are protected through regulation of exploitation, whereas fishing with trawlers is prohibited above Posidonia meadows belonging to Natura 2000 network. Drift nets are prohibited since 1993 and recreational diving is regulated.

Info and References This text is prepared as a reading material for students. It is based on personal archives of Dr. D. Vokou and on material (modified or not) that is provided in the following web pages: http://europa.eu.int http://www.eea.europa.eu/soer/countries/gr http://cdr.eionet.europa.eu/gr/eu/art17 http://ramsar.wetlands.org/Database/Searchforsites/tabid/765/language/en- US/Default.aspx) http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/ http://www.oikoskopio.gr/map/index.php?lng=en-US http://www.parnitha-np.gr/other_categories_pa.htm http://www.callisto.gr/en/stathmoi.php http://www.ekby.gr/ekby/en/EKBY_home_en.html] http://ec.europa.eu/environment/nature/natura2000/ http://natura2000.eea.europa.eu

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