Fall 2013 Newsletter
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Securing U.S. Leadership in Space
SECURING U.S. LEADERSHIP IN SPACE September 22, 2012 Introduction America’s space program is a strategic national asset crucial to both our security and our economy. The space capabilities of the United States and its allies create strategic military and intelligence advantages that must be maintained. U.S. satellite networks facilitate communications, navigation, remote sensing, and environmental monitoring that support the global economic infrastructure and protect the safety and security of people around the world. It is almost impossible from the modern vantage point to even imagine growing the world’s food, moving its people and cargo, operating its markets, or keeping its peace without operating effectively far above its surface. Because space is vital to our national interests and provides important benefits to science and innovation, protecting these interests and securing these benefits requires a clear and credible space policy that addresses civil, commercial, and national security activities. Just as important are the implementation and follow-through, in which policies, programs, and budgets are aligned with each other. NASA, the Department of Defense, and other agencies involved in space need to be given clear and stable priorities so that they can make pragmatic, sustainable trade-offs in managing their programs to achieve the best value for the American taxpayer. Unfortunately, President Obama has failed to deliver a coherent policy for human space exploration and space security. As a result, he has created uncertainty and confusion within U.S. industry and the international community. The President’s disjointed collection of scientific projects lack guiding principles, plausible objectives, or a roadmap for long-run success. -
Prof. Dr. Pascale Ehrenfreund
Prof. Dr. Pascale Ehrenfreund German Aerospace Center DLR Linder Höhe, 51147 Cologne, Germany E-mail: [email protected] Languages: German, English, French, Dutch Academic Education 2008 M.A. Management & Leadership Webster University • GPA: 3.83 • Title: Managing Global Space Exploration 1999 Habilitation in Astrochemistry University of Vienna • Title: Cosmic Dust 1990 PhD Astrophysics University Paris VII, Groupe de Physique des Solides, and University of Vienna • Graduated with excellent grades • Title: Visible and Infrared Spectroscopic Studies of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and other Carbon Clusters 1988 M.S. Molecular Biology Austrian Academy of Sciences, Institute of Molecular Biology, Salzburg • Graduated with excellent grades • Title: Purification and properties of an Iminopeptidase from Streptomyces plicatus 1983-1988 Astronomy and Biology/Genetics University of Vienna • Graduated with excellent grades (10/10) Professional Experience 2015- Chair of the Executive Board, German Aerospace Center 2013-2015 President, Austrian Science Fund FWF 2008- Research Professor, Space Policy & International Affairs, Elliott School of International Affairs, George Washington University, USA 2008-2017 Investigator: NASA Astrobiology Institute, Node Wisconsin 2006- Professor, Astrobiology, University of Leiden, NL 2005-2008 Distinguished Visiting Scientist/Consultant, JPL/Caltech, Pasadena, USA 2004-2005 Professor, Astrobiology, University of Leiden, Institute of Chemistry, NL 2003-2004 Professor, Astrobiology, University of Amsterdam, -
Next Steps for U.S.-Japan Space Cooperation
NEXT STEPS FOR U.S.-JAPAN SPACE COOPERATION In March 2016, the Maureen and Mike Mansfield Foundation convened the fourth meeting of the U.S.-Japan Space Forum, a gathering of American and Japanese experts from the private sector, academia, and government. Over four meetings since its inception in 2014, the Forum has assessed the fluid space environment – marked by changes in the constellation of space actors, new uses of space, proliferating security threats, and persistent constraint of resources in both the United States and Japan. Inspired in part by Japan’s adoption of its Basic Plan on Space Policy in January 2013, the members of the Forum determined early on that promoting collaboration between the Japanese and American space sectors would help both nations address emerging challenges and take advantage of new opportunities to use space to advance common interests. Reflecting on the track-one “Comprehensive Dialogue on Space,” which is scheduled to meet this autumn, the members of the Forum recently published a concise list of recommendations for consideration by Japanese and American officials. On September 9th, 2016, the Mansfield Foundation will partner with the George Washington University Space Policy Institute on a public seminar discussing the path forward for U.S.-Japan collaboration in space. Members of the U.S.- Japan Space Forum will share their recently published recommendations. The seminar will also invite commentary from a broader subset of stakeholders in regional security and space activities, including members of the 2016 Prague Security Studies Institute (PSSI) Trilateral Europe-U.S.-Japan Space Security Partnership Conference. 9 September, 2016, 9:00AM – 1:00PM Linder Family Commons, George Washington University Elliott School 1957 E Street (6th Floor), Washington, D.C. -
SPACE EXPLORATION SYMPOSIUM (A3) Mars Exploration – Part 1 (3A)
Paper ID: 10204 62nd International Astronautical Congress 2011 oral SPACE EXPLORATION SYMPOSIUM (A3) Mars Exploration { Part 1 (3A) Author: Dr. Pascale Ehrenfreund Space Policy Institute, George Washington University, United States, [email protected] Dr. Wilfred Roling Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, The Netherlands, [email protected] Dr. Cora S. Thiel University of Zurich, Switzerland, [email protected] Dr. Richard Quinn National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), Ames Research Center, United States, [email protected] Prof. Mark Sephton Imperial College London, United Kingdom, [email protected] Dr. Carol Stoker National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)/Ames Research Center, United States, [email protected] Ms. Susana Direito Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, The Netherlands, [email protected] Dr. Michelle Kotler University of Leiden, The Netherlands, [email protected] Dr. Zita Martins Imperial College London, United States, [email protected] Dr. Grazyna Orzechowska National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), Jet Propulsion Laboratory, United States, [email protected] Dr. Richard Kidd Jet Propulsion Laboratory - California Institute of Technology, United States, [email protected] Prof. Bernard Foing European Space Agency (ESA), The Netherlands, [email protected] HABITABILITY STUDIES IN PREPARATION FOR FUTURE MARS MISSIONS Abstract The search for organic material and biosignatures on Mars is a highly complex endeavor. Oxidative and radiation processes on the Martian surface are destructive to any organic and biological compound. However, the cold and dry climate on Mars may preserve organic matter in the subsurface, even in old terrain when spared from regional metamorphism. An interdisciplinary preparation phase for future Mars missions is crucial to better understand the processes that may alter organic matter. -
Impacts of the Lightsquared Network on Federal Science Activities
IMPACTS OF THE LIGHTSQUARED NETWORK ON FEDERAL SCIENCE ACTIVITIES HEARING BEFORE THE COMMITTEE ON SCIENCE, SPACE, AND TECHNOLOGY HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ONE HUNDRED TWELFTH CONGRESS FIRST SESSION THURSDAY, SEPTEMBER 8, 2011 Serial No. 112–33 Printed for the use of the Committee on Science, Space, and Technology ( Available via the World Wide Web: http://science.house.gov U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 68–227PDF WASHINGTON : 2011 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office Internet: bookstore.gpo.gov Phone: toll free (866) 512–1800; DC area (202) 512–1800 Fax: (202) 512–2104 Mail: Stop IDCC, Washington, DC 20402–0001 COMMITTEE ON SCIENCE, SPACE, AND TECHNOLOGY HON. RALPH M. HALL, Texas, Chair F. JAMES SENSENBRENNER, JR., EDDIE BERNICE JOHNSON, Texas Wisconsin JERRY F. COSTELLO, Illinois LAMAR S. SMITH, Texas LYNN C. WOOLSEY, California DANA ROHRABACHER, California ZOE LOFGREN, California ROSCOE G. BARTLETT, Maryland BRAD MILLER, North Carolina FRANK D. LUCAS, Oklahoma DANIEL LIPINSKI, Illinois JUDY BIGGERT, Illinois GABRIELLE GIFFORDS, Arizona W. TODD AKIN, Missouri DONNA F. EDWARDS, Maryland RANDY NEUGEBAUER, Texas MARCIA L. FUDGE, Ohio MICHAEL T. MCCAUL, Texas BEN R. LUJA´ N, New Mexico PAUL C. BROUN, Georgia PAUL D. TONKO, New York SANDY ADAMS, Florida JERRY MCNERNEY, California BENJAMIN QUAYLE, Arizona JOHN P. SARBANES, Maryland CHARLES J. ‘‘CHUCK’’ FLEISCHMANN, TERRI A. SEWELL, Alabama Tennessee FREDERICA S. WILSON, Florida E. SCOTT RIGELL, Virginia HANSEN CLARKE, Michigan STEVEN M. PALAZZO, Mississippi VACANCY MO BROOKS, Alabama ANDY HARRIS, Maryland RANDY HULTGREN, Illinois CHIP CRAVAACK, Minnesota LARRY BUCSHON, Indiana DAN BENISHEK, Michigan VACANCY (II) C O N T E N T S Thursday, September 8, 2011 Page Witness List ............................................................................................................ -
April 2000 – February 2001)
U.S. Commission on National Security/21st Century (click on heading to be linked directly to that section) Phase 1 (July 1998 - August 1999) Major Themes And Implications Supporting Research And Analysis Phase 2 (August 2000 – April 2000) Seeking A National Strategy: A Concert For Preserving Security And Promoting Freedom Phase 3 (April 2000 – February 2001) Roadmap For National Security: Imperative For Change 71730_DAPS.qx 10/12/99 5:06 PM Page #1 NEW WORLD COMING: AMERICAN SECURITY IN THE 21ST CENTURY MAJOR THEMES AND IMPLICATIONS The Phase I Report on the Emerging Global Security Environment for the First Quarter of the 21st Century The United States Commission on National Security/21st Century September 15, 1999 71730_DAPS.qx 10/12/99 5:06 PM Page #3 Preface In 1947, President Harry Truman signed into law the National Security Act, the landmark U.S. national security legislation of the latter half of the 20th century. The 1947 legislation has served us well. It has undergirded our diplomatic efforts, provided the basis to establish our military capa- bilities, and focused our intelligence assets. But the world has changed dramatically in the last fifty years, and particularly in the last decade. Institutions designed in another age may or may not be appropriate for the future. It is the mandate of the United States Commission on National Security/21st Century to examine precise- ly that question. It has undertaken to do so in three phases: the first to describe the world emerging in the first quarter of the next century, the second to design a national security strategy appropri- ate to that world, and the third to propose necessary changes to the national security structure in order to implement that strategy effectively. -
Mars Analogues for Space Exploration Newsletter December 2016
MASE - Mars Analogues for Space Exploration Newsletter December 2016 From Earth to Mars, towards understanding better the red planet habitability Assessing the habitability of Mars and detecting life, if it was ever there, depends on knowledge of whether the combined environmental stresses experienced on Mars are compatible with life and whether a record of that life could ever be detected. However, our current ability to make these assessments is hampered by a lack of knowledge of how the combined effect of different environmental stresses influence the survival and growth of organisms. In particular, many combinations of stress, such as high radiation conditions combined with high salt and low temperature, relevant for early Mars, have not been investigated. > Editorial: in the final stage of the MASE project > Earth Analogue Workshop 2016 has been such a busy year for Last October the MASE project was invited to MASE. The consortium has been attend an Earth Analogue Workshop at the Re- very active attending a variety of search Executive Agency in Brussels (Belgium). scientific events, preparing two The high level goal of this Earth Analogue Work- fieldwork campaigns and submitting shop was to bring together a community that the first publications. shares common interests, fostering the sharing of Next year will be an exciting and occupied time best practices and lessons learnt but also explor- for MASE since it will officially reach its end. Up- ing the exploitation potential of the projects. coming activities will encompass a press confer- The EAC (ESA European Astronaut Centre) was ence at CNRS Orléans with a focus on fossilisa- also invited to this workshop to present their ac- tion of microorganisms and how this helps to tivities and their plans for the expansion of their search for extraterrestrial life. -
The Global Positioning System
The Global Positioning System Assessing National Policies Scott Pace • Gerald Frost • Irving Lachow David Frelinger • Donna Fossum Donald K. Wassem • Monica Pinto Prepared for the Executive Office of the President Office of Science and Technology Policy CRITICAL TECHNOLOGIES INSTITUTE R The research described in this report was supported by RAND’s Critical Technologies Institute. Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data The global positioning system : assessing national policies / Scott Pace ... [et al.]. p cm. “MR-614-OSTP.” “Critical Technologies Institute.” “Prepared for the Office of Science and Technology Policy.” Includes bibliographical references. ISBN 0-8330-2349-7 (alk. paper) 1. Global Positioning System. I. Pace, Scott. II. United States. Office of Science and Technology Policy. III. Critical Technologies Institute (RAND Corporation). IV. RAND (Firm) G109.5.G57 1995 623.89´3—dc20 95-51394 CIP © Copyright 1995 RAND All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form by any electronic or mechanical means (including photocopying, recording, or information storage and retrieval) without permission in writing from RAND. RAND is a nonprofit institution that helps improve public policy through research and analysis. RAND’s publications do not necessarily reflect the opinions or policies of its research sponsors. Cover Design: Peter Soriano Published 1995 by RAND 1700 Main Street, P.O. Box 2138, Santa Monica, CA 90407-2138 RAND URL: http://www.rand.org/ To order RAND documents or to obtain additional information, contact Distribution Services: Telephone: (310) 451-7002; Fax: (310) 451-6915; Internet: [email protected] PREFACE The Global Positioning System (GPS) is a constellation of orbiting satellites op- erated by the U.S. -
China's Growing Space Capabilities
Testimony Before the U.S.China Economic and Security Review Commission “China’s Growing Space Capabilities: Implications for the United States” Wednesday, May 11, 2011 Dr. Scott Pace, Director, Space Policy Institute, Elliott School of International Affairs, The George Washington University Thank you, Mr. Chairman, for providing an opportunity to discuss this important topic. Earlier presentations today have covered Administration and Congressional views along with perspectives on China’s military space programs and their implications. I am honored to provide some thoughts on China’s civil space program and what implications it might have for the United States. China launched its first satellite in 1970 – the same year as the first satellite launch for Japan. It began offering commercial launch services in 1985, launched its first astronaut in 2003, and sent its first probe to the Moon in 2006. China conducted its first space walk in 2008 and is actively developing a space laboratory and an even more ambitious space station. The first point that should be made is that China does not have a fully separate civil space program in the model of NASA and U.S. civil space activities. China’s development of space capabilities began in the mid1950s at the direction of the Central Military Commission, less than a decade after the founding of the People’s Republic. The development of space launch vehicles were part of the same development of diverse aerospace capabilities such as rockets, guided missiles, and aviation. China’s human space flight efforts are managed by the elements of the People’s Liberation Army (PLA) and require industrial capabilities that are the same as those used for military programs. -
To the Moon, NASA? Not on This Budget, Experts Say 26 August 2009, by SETH BORENSTEIN , AP Science Writer
To the moon, NASA? Not on this budget, experts say 26 August 2009, By SETH BORENSTEIN , AP Science Writer at least an extra $30 billion through 2020. Even NASA's soon-to-be-retired space shuttle fleet has proved that getting off the ground isn't a given, with two launch scrubs this week of a mission to the international space station. The space station is finally finished. Yet NASA's long-standing plans call for junking the outpost in about seven years. If the agency keeps that schedule, it would mean that in the next decade NASA's astronauts could be going nowhere if there's no moon mission. In this Aug. 14, 2009 photo, a new space vehicle stands Obama's special panel looked at other options ready in NASA Kennedy Space Center's Vehicle Assembly Building in Florida. The final segments of the available for the space program - such as skipping Ares I-X rocket, including the simulated crew module the moon and going directly to Mars or an asteroid, and launch abort system, were stacked on Aug. 13 on a or just cruising in the solar system. But they kept mobile launcher platform, completing the 327-foot launch using words like "least worst scenario" during their vehicle and providing the first entire look of Ares I-X's final public deliberations earlier this month. In their distinctive shape. The Ares I-X flight test is targeted for report due Monday, they will also give advice about Oct. 31. (AP Photo/ NASA) the end of the shuttle and space station programs. -
Dr. Scott Pace Director, Space Policy Institute Elliott School of International Affairs the George Washington University
Hearing of the House Committee on Science, Space, and Technology “Mars Flyby 2021: The First Deep Space Mission for the Orion and Space Launch System?” Thursday, February 27, 2014 - 10:00 AM – RHOB 2318 Testimony of Dr. Scott Pace Director, Space Policy Institute Elliott School of International Affairs The George Washington UniVersity Thank you, Mr. Chairman, for providing an opportunity to discuss the important topic of a strategic framework for U.S. human spaceflight and specifically, the opportunity for a human flyby and return to the vicinity of Mars in 2021 – only seven years from now. While space touches every aspect of modern life, I would like to focus on human space exploration, as that topic is the one whose future is most in doubt today. This is unfortunate, as human space activities are among the most interdisciplinary of enterprises, requiring skills from every field of technical endeavor. Their successful accomplishment requires a degree of systems engineering skill found only in the most complex and demanding programs. The ability and willingness of a nation to lead such endeavors conveys much about the nature and intentions of that society. Thus, human spaceflight continues to possess great symbolic value, both domestically and internationally, and is therefore a matter of considerable interest to policymakers, and should be. I have argued that international space cooperation, space commerce, and international space security discussions could be used to reinforce each other in ways that would advance U.S. interests in the sustainability and security of all space activities. At present, however, these activities are largely conducted on their individual merits and not as part of integrated national strategy. -
Keynote Speakers
KEYNOTE SPEAKERS The Honorable Ted Cruz Lawyer, U.S. Senator Thursday, October 31, 11:30 a.m. – 12:00noon – Luncheon Keynote Address An American conservative politician, Senator Ted Cruz grew up in Houston, Texas, earning his bachelor's at Princeton University and going on to Harvard Law School. Working as an attorney for some time, Cruz later served as an adviser on the 2000 presidential campaign of George W. Bush. As Solicitor General for the State of Texas and in private practice, Senator Cruz authored more than 80 U.S. Supreme Court briefs and argued 43 oral arguments, including nine before the U.S. Supreme Court. He also won an unprecedented series of landmark national victories that include his defense of U.S. sovereignty against the UN and the World Court in Medellin v. Texas, the Second Amendment right to keep and bear arms, the constitutionality of the Ten Commandments monument at the Texas State Capitol, and the words “under God” in the Pledge of Allegiance. In the U.S. Senate, Senator Cruz has led the fight to repeal Obamacare, to secure the border, and to confirm Justice Neil Gorsuch to the Supreme Court. He has also led the fight to defend life, marriage, the First Amendment, the Second Amendment, and our entire Bill of Rights. Senator Cruz, his wife Heidi, their two daughters Caroline and Catherine, and his entire family have been blessed to live the American Dream — the idea that anyone, through hard work and determination, can achieve anything. And he is committed to ensuring every family has that same opportunity.