Tan Section: Adjuvant and Application Technology Page Weed Control with Paraquat and Adjuvants
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Tan Section: Adjuvant and Application Technology Page Weed control with paraquat and adjuvants............................................................. 2 Adjuvants for paraquat, Fargo NO (Study 1) ........................................................... 3 Adjuvants for paraquat, Fargo NO (Study 2) ........................................................... 4 Evaluate adjuvants for new herbicides.................................................................... 5-6 Glyphosate plus dicamba with adjuvants................................................................ 7 Glyphosate plus dicamba plus Corvus or Sharpen with adjuvants . .. 8 Glyphosate plus dicamba with various adjuvants .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 9 Glyphosate plus dicamba with various adjuvants .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 10 Clethodim formulations with different adjuvants...................................................... 11 Clethodim and dicamba with various adjuvants...................................................... 12 Weed control with glyphosate ................................................................................. 13 Weed control with glyphosate and adjuvants.......................................................... 14 Weed control with glyphosate plus Laud is and adjuvants....................................... 15 Weed control with glyphosate, dicamba, and adjuvants......................................... 16 AMS and K2P04 comparisons................................................................................. 17 AMS replacements for Dicamba plus Glyphosate................................................... 18 Dipotassium phosphate (K2P) equivalency to AMS for Glyphosate ....................... 19 Tip and application volume effects on Glyphosate 4.5 efficacy............................... 20 Nozzle comparison for dicamba plus glyphosate-4.5. ............................................. 21 Nozzle tip effect on herbicide efficacy..................................................................... 22-23 Droplet size with paraquat, glufosinate, and bromoxynil......................................... 24 Droplet size with 2,4-D............................................................................................ 25 Droplet size with fenoxaprop, pinoxaden, and pyroxsulam ..................................... 26 1 Weed control with paraquat and adjuvants. Zollinger, Richard K., Devin A. Wirth, Jason W. Adams. An experiment was conducted near Hillsboro, ND to evaluate broad leaf weed control. POST treatments were applied on July 11, 2014 at 11:30 am with 84 Fair, 71 F soil at a four inch depth, 50% RH, 0% cloud 2 cover, 8-10 mph NW wind, and adequate soil moisture. Weeds species present at the time of the POST treatments were: 4-8" (10-18/ft2) flax, 2-4" (10-12/ft ) 2 2 redroot pigweed, 0-2" (10-12/ft ) common purslane, and 8-10" (8-10/ft ) tame buckwheat. Soil characteristics were: 51% sand, 36% silt, 13% clay, loam, 4.1% OM, and 7.7 pH. Treatments were applied to the center 6.7 feet of the 9 by 40 foot plots with a backpack-type plot sprayer delivering 17 gpa at 40 psi through TI11002 nozzles for the POST applications. The experiment had a randomized complete block design with three replicates per treatment. The site had a heavy infestation of red root pigweed and common purslane. MSO adjuvants enhance most all herbicides except glyphosate and glufosinate. MSO adjuvants significantly enhance contact herbicides, including Groups 6 (bentazon) and 14 (Blazer, Cobra, Sharpen, Flexstar/Reflex, others). It was thought that MSO would enhance Group 22 herbicides (paraquat and diquat). This study was designed to observe the affect of NIS (R-11), PO (WCS Crop Oil), MSO (Upland MSO), and HSMOC (Destiny HC) adjuvants on paraquat applied at a labeled rate. NIS enhanced paraquat more than other adjuvants used which is contrary to the idea that MSO adjuvants would enhance paraquat activity the most. Increasing NIS from 0.25 to 1% v/v did not result in greater control (flax was slightly significant). Increasing PO, MSO, and HSMOC rates from 1 pt to 2 pt/A were neutral but mostly antagonistic. NIS was positive to paraquat. PO generally has 17% surfactant/emulsifier, MSO generally has 10% surfactant/emulsifier, and HSMOC may contain 25 to 50% surfactant/emulsifier. It was thought that HSMOC adjuvants may overcome the antagonism from the oil by the greater concentration of surfactant (25 to 50%) but data from this study clear antagonism especially as HSMOC rate increated. Summary: Use NIS with paraquat. Table. Weed control with paraquat and adjuvants. (Zollinger, Wirth, Adams). N 14 & 28 OAT Treatment1 Rate Flax Rrpw Copu Tabw (Product/A) -----------% Control----------- POST Gramoxone+R-11 1.5pt+0.25%v/v 82 89 57 92 Gramoxone+R-11 1.5pt+0.5%v/v 96 99 50 94 Gramoxone+R-11 1.5pt+1%v/v 93 99 57 99 Gramoxone+PO l.Spt+lpt 63 85 35 99 Gramoxone+PO l.Spt+ 1.5pt 57 88 20 77 Gramoxone+PO 1.5pt+2pt 52 88 27 98 Gramoxone+MSO 1.5pt+lpt 72 88 30 93 Gramoxone+MSO 1.5pt+ 1.5pt 63 91 32 90 Gramoxone+MSO 1.5pt+2pt 73 95 43 83 Gramoxone+Destiny HC l.Spt+lpt 83 73 43 96 Gramoxone+Destiny HC 1.5pt+1.5pt 60 62 40 83 Gramoxone+Destiny HC 1.5pt+2pt 67 50 42 88 LSD (0.05) 6 9 10 7 Adjuvants for paraquat. Howatt, Roach, and Harrington. 'Rahab 94' flax, buckwheat, amaranth, and quinoa was seeded near Fargo June 4. Treatments were applied to flowering buckwheat, 6 inch flax, pigweed and lambsquarters 4 to 6 true leaf, 2 to 4 inch Venice mallow, and 3 to 5 leaf yellow foxtail on July 7 with 80°F, 44% relative humidity, 100% cloud cover, 5 to 10 mph velocity wind at 330°, and dry soil at 76°F. Treatments were applied with a backpack sprayer delivering 8.5 gpa at 40 psi through 11001 TT nozzles to a 7 foot wide area the length of 10 by 30 feet. The experiment was a randomized complete block design with four replicates. Yeft Flax Tabw Wimu Rrpw Wibw Vema Flax Treatment Rate 7/21 7/21 7/21 7/21 7/21 7/21 7/21 8/4 oz ai/A % % % % % % % % Paraquat+NIS 6+0.25% 80 79 96 75 75 57 75 82 Paraquat+NIS 6+0.5% 80 89 97 82 90 61 79 95 Paraquat+NIS 6+1% 80 94 97 85 92 64 80 99 Paraquat+ PO 6+16 80 74 95 85 85 70 74 69 Paraquat+ PO 6+24 80 74 97 85 89 75 75 70 Paraquat+ PO 6+32 80 75 97 87 87 76 79 72 Paraquat+MSO 6+16 80 82 96 85 85 71 84 77 Paraquat+MSO 6+24 80 84 96 87 86 75 84 76 Paraquat+MSO 6+32 80 86 97 84 84 76 84 77 Paraquat+HSMOC 6+16 80 93 97 85 89 80 84 96 Paraquat+HSMOC 6+24 80 93 97 86 88 81 87 98 Paraquat+HSMOC 6+32 80 95 97 87 90 86 90 98 cv 0 2 1 3 2 4 3 3 LSD (P=0.05) 0 3 1 3 3 4 3 3 Nonionic surfactant is a good adjuvant for paraquat. Nonionic surfactant or high surfactant methylated oil concentrate, which includes relatively high amount of NIS, provided the greatest control of several species. Control of yellow foxtail, tame buckwheat, and wild mustard were generally similar across adjuvant type. Adjuvants that included an oil component promoted improved control of wild buckwheat with paraquat, but best control was achieved with an adjuvant containing oil and NIS. 3 Adjuvants for Paraquat. Howatt, Roach, and Harrington. 'Rahab 94' flax, buckwheat, amaranth, and quinoa was seeded near Fargo June 4. Treatments were applied to 8 to 14 inch green foxtail, Venice mallow, wild mustard, and wild buckwheat on August 6 with 68°F, 79% relative humidity, 100% cloud cover and hazy, 1.5 mph wind at 90°, and damp soil at 68°F. Treatments were applied with a backpack sprayer delivering 8.5 gpa at 38 psi through 11002 TT nozzles to a 7 foot wide area the length of 10 by 30 feet. The experiment was a randomized complete block design with four replicates. All species Treatment Rate 8/8 8/12 oz ai/A % % Paraquat+NIS 6+0.25% 60 75 Paraquat+NIS 6+0.5% 60 75 Paraquat+NIS 6+1% 60 75 Paraquat+ PO 6+16 60 75 Paraquat+ PO 6+24 60 75 Paraquat+ PO 6+32 60 75 Paraquat+MSO 6+16 60 75 Paraquat+MSO 6+24 60 75 Paraquat+MSO 6+32 60 75 Paraquat+HSMOC 6+16 60 75 Paraquat+HSMOC 6+24 60 75 Paraquat+HSMOC 6+32 60 75 cv 0 0 LSD (P=0.05) 0 0 This study did not indicate adjuvant effect on paraquat efficacy. 4 Evaluate adjuvants for new herbicides. Howatt, Roach, and Harrington. 'Rahab 94' flax and buckwheat were seeded near Fargo on June 4. Treatments were applied to flowering mustard and 4 to 6 leaf Venice mallow on July 9 with 74°F, 39% relative humidity, 0% cloud- cover, 2 to 6 mph wind at 350°, and dry soil at 69°F. Treatments were applied with a sprayer mounted on a 4 wheel all-terrain vehicle delivering 17 gpa at 50 psi through various nozzles to a 7 ft wide area the length of 10 by 30 foot plots. The experiment was a randomized complete block design with four replicates. Table 1 Yeft FLAX TABW Wimu Vema Rrpw Yeft FLAX TABW Treatment Rate Ti~ 7/9 7/9 7/9 7/9 7/9 7/9 7/23 7/23 7/23 fl oz/A % % % % % % % % % LPI6466 6.4 TTl 0 40 42 40 20 37 0 60 76 LPI6466+LPI6472 6.4+0.5% TTl 0 40 50 40 20 42 0 74 84 LPI6466+LPI6494 6.4+0.5% TTl 0 39 39 39 20 30 0 71 63 LPI6467 24 AIXR 60 60 57 50 25 55 99 92 94 LPI6467+LPI6472 24+0.5% AIXR 60 55 57 50 30 62 99 89 95 LPI6467+LPI6494 24+0.5% AIXR 60 57 50 50 27 65 99 89 94 LPI6468 15 TTl 60 57 55 47 20 60 99 87 87 LPI6468+LPI6472 15+0.5% TTl 60 57 60 47 22 57 99 89 93 LPI6468+LPI6494 15+0.5% TTl 60 45 55 45 20 52 99 79 89 LPI6468+HSMOC 15+16fl oz TTl 60 55 57 47 20 60 99 86 90 LPI6468+1nterlock+HSMOC 15+4fl oz+16fl oz TTl 60 57 61 50 25 61 99 89 92 cv 0 7 8 6 14 8 0 4 4 LSD (P=0.05) 0 5 7 4 5 6 0 5 5 Table 2 Wimu Vema Rrpw Yeft FLAX TABW Wimu Vema Rrpw Treatment Rate Ti~ 7/23 7/23 7/23 8/6 8/6 8/6 8/6 8/6 8/6 fl oz/A % % % % % % % % % LPI6466 6.4 TTl 80 37 69 0 40 75 79 25 85 LPI6466+LPI6472 6.4+0.5% TTl 80 35 76 0 66 88 80 42 93 LPI6466+ LPI6494 6.4+0.5% TTl 76 36 57 0 36 70 68 33 63 LPI6467 24 AIXR 86 86 99 94 96 98 89 95 LPI6467+LPI6472 24+0.5% AIXR 95 92 95 99 94 97 98 87 95 LPI6467+LPI6494 24+0.5% AIXR 95 90 95 99 87 94 96 72 87 LPI6468 15 TTl 89 76 91 99 88 90 95 66 94 LPI6468+LPI6472 15+0.5% TTl 92 80 89 99 96 97 97 74 90 LPI6468+LPI6494 15+0.5% TTl 87 80 84 99 91 97 93 74 90 LPI6468+HSMOC 15+16fl oz TTl 92 80 90 99 91 97 95 82 90 LPI6468+1nterlock+HSMOC 15+4fl oz+16fl oz TTl 90 85 92 99 93 96 95 75 95 cv 3 7 5 0 4 3 2 7 4 LSD (P=0.05) 4 8 7 0 4 5 3 7 6 Control of broad leaf plants with LPI6466 was improved for several species with the addition of LPI6472.