International Journal of Science and Healthcare Research Vol.3; Issue: 1; Jan.-March 2018 Website: www.ijshr.com Review Article ISSN: 2455-7587

Agnikarma in Ayurved: An Overview

Dnyaneshwar.K.Jadhav1, Dr.Sushilkumar Jangid2

1Assistant Professor, Kayachikitsa Department, 2Assi.professor Agadtantra Department, Shri Dhanwantri Ayurvedic Medical College & Research Centre, India - 281401

Corresponding Author: Dnyaneshwar.K.Jadhav ______

ABSTRACT the chapter of “DwiVraniyaChikitsa”. (2) Also AgniKarmaused in different Ayurveda is the everlasting supreme science of disease as follow – in Gulmachikitsa; (3) medicine because it deals with promotion of in bhagandar-chikitsaas taildagdha; (4) health and curing the diseases. The aim of in plihodar; (5) in arshachikitsa; (6) in Medical Science is to provide better health to visarpachikitsa; (7) in Arditchikitsa (8) every human being. To achieve this goal the  In Sushruta Samhita: Sushruta pathy should be able to eliminate the disease and that to be without any side effects. mentioned the AgniKarma as supreme in Ayurveda have shaman and shodhan chikitsa. all the para surgical procedures. A Varity of medical procedure mentioned in separate chapter in Sutra-Sthana with Ayurved samh it as like ksharkarma, lepanam details about every aspect of etc. AgniKarmais one of the important AgniKarma, denotes its importance in proceduredescribed in Ayurveda. In this fast the treatment, during those period. lifestyle patients need instant result on all pain. Sushruta has referred Agni in AgniKarma is one of the fast procedure to Agropaharaniya, (9) as Upayantra, (10) reduced vedana (pain). Many samhitas have Anushstra (11) description of AgniKarma. From meaning to  Ashtang Samgraha: Details indication, contraindication, its superiority all information included in charak, sushrut, Description of AgniKarma found in 40th vagbhat, har it as amhita. Acharya Dalhana chapter of Sutra Sthana of Ashtang have given explanation regarding the shapes of Samgraha. AgniKarma in his commentary. This  In Ashtang Hridaya: A detailed AgniKarma is original idea of modern description of AgniKarmais described in cauterization procedure. This review article will 30th chapter of Sutra Sthana of Ashtang help to all to gain best knowledge about Hridaya. AgniKarma.  In HaritaSamhita: Acharya Harita has mentioned AgniKarmaas one of the Key Words: AgniKarma, Ayurveda, Review. eight important types of treatment. (12)

Beside this, he has also indicated INTRODUCTION AgniKarma in various diseases.

Definition of AgniKarma: MATERIALS & METHODS The AgniKarma word made up with For the present Review study combination of two words - Agni and detailed literary study is per formed. The Karma (i.e. fire and procedure). In short we Detail content and references are analysed can said as a procedure done by Agni for from available text. Principal texts referred treating a disease. (1) are Charak, Sushruta, Vagbhatta and harit History of Agnikarma: samhita. Also relevant references are taken

 In charaka Samhita: Acharya Charaka from books, Thesis & Research articles. give detail description of AgniKarma is

comes under 36 Upakramas of Vrana in

International Journal of Science and Healthcare Research (www.ijshr.com) 39 Vol.3; Issue: 1; January-March 2018 Dnyaneshwar.K.Jadhav et al. Agnikarma in Ayurved: An Overview

Dahnopakarana used for Agnikarma: AgniKarma, it can be classified on various In classics, there are different basis as below: Dahnopakarana, have been described 1 According to type of Dravya: during the descriptions of disease cured by AgniKarmacan be classified into two AgniKarma. Dahnopakarana means groups accessories like drugs, articles and a. SnigdhaAgniKarma:- AgniKarma done substances used for AgniKarma. Each of byMadhu, Ghrita,Taila etc. them is having their own peculiarity in b. RukshaAgniKarma:- AgniKarma done Dahnopakarana. by Pippali, Shalaka, Ajasakrida etc. A list of Dahnopakarana has been 2 According to the Disease: given here as available in texts: There are so many types of AgniKarma eg. Table 1 : showing Dahnopakarana used for AgniKarma. In the disease like Arsha, Kandara Name of Dahnopakarana used for AgniKarma Pipali Loha Suchi Varti Tamra etc. it should be done after surgical excision. Aja Jambavastha Sneha Majja Rajata In Sinus, fistula in ano etc. it should Shakrida Godanta Kshaudra Ghrita YastiMadhu Kansya be done after incision. Shara Madhuchhista Taila Suryakanta In Krimidanta it should be done after Shalaka Jaggery Vasa Hema filing the cavity by Jaggery, Madhuchhista Acharya Sushruta has indicated the etc. materials by name according to thesite of 3 According to Akriti: (13) In regard to Akriti, Acharya Sushruta have AgniKarma: (15) 1. Twakadagdha - Pippali, Ajasakrida, mentioned four types of AgniKarma. Godanta, Shara, Shalaka. I. Valaya(Circular shape) 2. Mamsadagdha – Jambhavsta Shalakla II. Bindu(Dot like shape) and Other Metals. III. Vilekha (Making of different shapes 3. Sira, Snayu, Sandhi and Asthidagdha - by heated shalaka) Madhu, Jaggery and Sneha. IV. Pratisarana (Rubbing at indicated According to Acharya Vagbhata for site by heated Shalaka and there is no Twakadah, Godanta and Suryakanta should specific shape) Acharya Vagbhata has added more three be used. Madhu, Sneha, Jambavastha and (16) Jaggery should be employed for AgniKarma types. of Arsha, Bhagandara, Granthi, Nadivrana I ArdhaChandra (Crescent shape) etc. II Astapada (It is specific shape containing Heating Time of Dahnopakarana used for eight limbs in different directions) Agnikarma: (14) III Swastika (It is specific shape of Swastika Yantra) (17) Table2: Showing heating time of Dahnopakarana used for 4 According to Dhatus: AgniKarma. According to Acharya Sushruta and Instrument of Period of Sr.no Dahandrvya heating heating Vagbhata the AgniKarma should be done as High-pressure 10-15 1 Raupyashlaka per involvement of the Dhatus such as - gas second High-pressure I Twakadagdha 2 suwarnashlaka 10 second gas Ii Sira and Snayudagdha High-pressure 3 suwarnasuchiwashlaka 2-3 second gas Iii Mamsadagdha High-pressure 4 tamrashlaka 6 second Iv AsthiSandhidagdha gas 5 Haridrakhnada candle 40 second Sign AND Symptoms Produced After (18) 6 Lendipipli Candle 50 second Agnikarma as Per Dhatus 7 Gajapipali Candle 60 second 8 Aja skhrut candle 55 second A) TwakaDagdha:- Classification of Agnikarma: When the Twaka is cauterised, There is no direct description burning is attended with a crackling sound, available regarding classification of bad odour, and contraction of the skin.

International Journal of Science and Healthcare Research (www.ijshr.com) 40 Vol.3; Issue: 1; January-March 2018 Dnyaneshwar.K.Jadhav et al. Agnikarma in Ayurved: An Overview

B) MamsaDagdha :- Upadamsa, Gulma, Vishuchika, When Mamsa is cauterised, there Alasaka, Vilambika, Sanyasa, Unmada, occurs a pigeon like discolouration of the YakritaPlihodara, SonitaAtiPravriti, part, inflammation, mild pain, lesion get SiraSandhichheda, Visarpa, Sotha. dried up and shrivelled. Contra-indications for Agnikarma: C) SiraSnayuDagdha:-  According to sushrut AgniKarma should When the Snayu and Siras are not be done in the Pitta Prakriti, Bhinna cauterised, there occurs black Kostha, Durbalya, Vriddha, Antah discolouration, swelling of the lesion and a Shonita, Anuddhrata Shalya, Bala, cessation of discharge (including that of Bhiru, A person afflicted with a large blood). number of Vranas, A person who is D) Sandhi and AsthiDagdha :- forbidden for Swedana. (21) When Asthi and the Sandhis are  According to Charaka AgniKarma cauterised there occursdryness, redness, should not be done in the Vrana of hardness and fixity of the lesion. Snayu, Marma, Netra, Kushtha and Indications of Agnikarma : Vrana with Visha and Shalya. (22) A number of diseases and conditions  According to Ashatgsangrha have been explained in text where AgniKarma should not be done in the AgniKarma as therapeutic measure has been patient who take virechana, suffering indicated as below: from atisaar (dirrorheoa), who has  Acc.sushrut: (19) If there is excessive shalya in his body, who has boils on pain (Due to vataprakopa) in twak body, who is contraindicated for (skin), mansa (musules), sira (veins), ksharkarma. (23) snayu, sandhi (joints), asthi (bones) ; Suitable Season for Agnikarma: Grahnthi (lymphnodes), arsh (piles), AgniKarmacan be done during all bhagandara (fistula in ano), apache the seasons except Grishma and Sharada. (lymphadenitis), shlipad (filreasis), Even in these Seasons, during emergency chrmakil (warts), tilkalaka (pigmented States amenable only to cautery, it may be moles), antravrudhi (inguinoscrotal used after taking appropriate counter hernia), excessive bleeding from sandhi measures against them. (24) (joints), siracheda (cutting of veins), Procedure of Agnikarma: nadivrana(sinus ). The detailed description of  Acc.to other samhitas: (20) Shiroroga, procedure of AgniKarma is available in Ardhavbhedaka, Bharu-lalataVedana, AstangSamgraha VartmaRoga, PakshamaKopa, Alaji, AgniKarma Methodology includes three Arbuda, Puyalasa, Abhisyanda, steps: Adhimantha, Lagana, MedajaOsthaRoga, DantaNadi, 1. PurvaKarma (Pre-procedure of KrimiDanta, Adhidanta, SheetaDanta, AgniKarma) DantaVidhradhi, Jalarbuda, Arsha Pre AgniKarma Diet: (25) In all diseases (Vataja-Kaphaja), Lingarsha, and during all seasons, the AgniKarma Yonyaarsha, Bhagandar, Chippa, can be done after feeding the patient Kunakha, Kadara, Balmika, Jatumani, with pichhila diet, and on an empty Mashaka, Tilakalaka, Charmakila, stomach in case of Mal-presentation of Prasupti, VishaChikitsa, SarpnaDamsa, foetus, Calculus diseases, Fistula in ano, AlarkaVisha, Luta Visha, abdominal diseases, Piles and diseases MushakaVisha, Gridhrasi, Vatajashoola of Oral Cavity. in Twaka, Vishwachi, Galaganda, Pre AgniKarma Assessment: (26) Before Gandamala, Apachi, Granthi, Arbuda, going to any surgical or para surgical AntraVridhi, Shlipada, Nadivr ana, procedure complete assessment should

International Journal of Science and Healthcare Research (www.ijshr.com) 41 Vol.3; Issue: 1; January-March 2018 Dnyaneshwar.K.Jadhav et al. Agnikarma in Ayurved: An Overview

be carried out regarding all the factors. infection, decreased joint stiffness and So here too before going to AgniKarma inflammation. a thorough examination of patient, shape of the lesion, related vital part of the Superiority of Agnikarma: body, the disease and the season etc. AgniKarmais superior to bheshaja, should be done. shastra & Ksharakarma as a disease burnt 2. PradhanaKarma (Principal procedure with Agni will never reoccur. Disease which of AgniKarma) (27) cannot be cured with medicines, Kshara and Before doing the procedure of Surgery, can be cured with Agni. (30) AgniKarma, swasthikvachan should be There will be vaso-constriction due done; the patient kept in suitable to heat and it will check the haemorrhage. position by keeping head in the East (31) direction and held by expert assistants to avoid movement. After this thesurgeon CONCLUSION & RESULT should make the different shapes of AgniKarma is pain management AgniKarmaviz.:- Valaya, Ardhchandra, procedure described in Ayurved. From Swastika, etc. as per need by heated ancient period this procedure performed in Shalaka in a smoke free fire of Khadira different place with different name. or Badara with the help a blower or a Nowadays modern science used cautery like fan. During this period if patients feel instruments which is nothing but modified discomfort then keep them satisfies by AgniKarma only. This is superior treatment courageous, consolations talks, give cold than all other procedure. After AgniKarma water for drink and sprink cold water. there is no chance of reoccurrence of But procedure of AgniKarma should be disease. This is one attempt to describe all done till production of complete detail information of AgniKarmain this cauterisation. Research article. 3. Paschyat Karma (Post AgniKarma Management) (28) REFERENCES After completion of AgniKarma Madhu 1. Dr.Anant Ram Sharma, edited with st and Ghrita apply on the part where ‘susrutavimarsini’ Hindi commentary. (1 AgniKarma has done for Ropana of Dagdha Ed.). Susrutasamhita, maharshisusruta. Varna. Sutra-stan;Agnikarmavidhi-adhyaya: Chapter 12.verse no.1, 2 (dalhan). Varanasi:

(29) Chukhambhaprakashan, 2010; page no.85. Mode of Action of Agnikarma: 2. Dr.Y.G.Joshi, Charak Samhita of maharshicharak, Chakrapanidatta, Table 3 : showing mode of action of agnikarma commentator Charakasamhita, 5th ed. AgniKarma (ushanguna) Varanasi: Chaukambha Sanskrit sansthana; 2001.Chikitsa sthana, 23/46; page no. 564 Utkleshnamtodhatu 3. Dr.Y.G.Joshi, Charak Samhita of

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27. Dr.Subhashranade&G.R.Paranjape, edited Ed.). Susrutasamhita,maharshisusruta. sutra- with ‘indutika’ Marathi commentary. (1st stan; Agnikarmavidhi-adhyaya: Chapter Ed.). Ashtang-snagraha, maharshivagbhat. 12.verse no.3.Varanasi : sutra-stan; Agnikarmavidhi-adhyaya: Chukhambhaprakashan, 2010 ; page no.85. Chapter 40.verse no.5.pune : 31. Dr.Anant Ram Sharma, edited with Anmolprakashan, reprint 2006 ; page ‘susrutavimarsini’ Hindi commentary. (1st no.493. Ed.). Susrutasamhita,maharshisusruta. sutra- 28. Dr.Anant Ram Sharma, edited with stan; Agnikarmavidhi-adhyaya: Chapter ‘susrutavimarsini’ Hindi commentary. (1st 14.verse no.42.Varanasi : Ed.). Susrutasamhita,maharshisusruta. sutra- Chukhambhaprakashan, 2010 ; page no.112. stan : Chapter 12.verse no.13.Varanasi : Chukhambhaprakashan, 2010 ; page no.87. 29. https://www.ayurvitewellness.com/agnikar How to cite this article: Jadhav DK, jangid S. ma/currency=INR(22-January-2018@ 12.30 Agnikarma in ayurved”: an overview. pm) International Journal of Science & Healthcare 30. Dr.Anant Ram Sharma, edited with Research. 2018; 3(1): 39-44. ‘susrutavimarsini’ Hindi commentary. (1st

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