J.Bio.Innov 7(6), pp: 948-952, 2018 |ISSN 2277-8330 (Electronic) Naykodi

Clinical Perspective of Snake poisoning as per

Dr. Dnyaneshwar Sonba Naykodi

Associate Professor Agadtantra Deptt. Ashvin Rural Ayurved College,Manchihill

ABSTRACT

In Ayurveda, Agadatantra being the sixth branch of Ashtaanga Ayurveda which deals with the study of Jaangam (animate) and (Sthavara) inanimate poisons, their symptoms and their management. In ancient era animate poisoning is common phenomenon as they reside in forests. Comprehensive description of Sarpa (Snake), it’s bite and remedies are elaboratively described in texts. Being an agronomic country death due to snake poisoning is common in rural areas due to lack of traveling and medical facilities. In present paper we are discussing regarding the clinical perspective taken in Ayurveda for snake poisoning.

Keywords: Ayurveda, Snake, poison

No: of References: 05

J.Bio.Innov 7(6), pp: 948-952, 2018 |ISSN 2277-8330 (Electronic) Naykodi

INTRODUCTION

Most of the people get chilled even on explained 8 reasons for Sarpa Damsha. the sight of snake. In Indian culture They are Bhaya ,Krodha ,Aaharartha , worshipping the snakes ( Naag Pada sparsha ,Ati vishat ,Vairadhya ,Papa Panchami) is still prevalent. Ample karma , Deva-rishi-yama kopa8 . narrations about snakes are present in Lakshana’s9, 10: Darvikara Sarpa: Brihattrayi (major classic) and Laghutrayi (minor classics). These references are the Shyavata Of Mukha ,Netra,Nakha, Mutra, most authentic sources, influencing Purisha And Tvak , Shiro Gourava, Sheeta contemporary Ayurveda (The science of Jwara, Nidra Nasha , Vijrimba, life). With some 50,000 citizens dying Sandigdhatva Of Vak (Irrelevant Speech) , annually from snakebites, is Acheshta ,Lala Srava And Phenagama, compelled to explore a range of effective Kantha Gurugurayana(Rumbling Sound) , methods to deal with the problem, which the WHO characterizes as a neglected Shushka Udgara And Other Lakshna Of tropical disease. India accounts for about Vata Mandali Sarpa: Saushma , Shosha half of all global snakebite deaths. India ,Peeta lohita, Pruthu , visarpita, daha , has around 60 different species of ushna, kleda, kotha, vishiryatey , Peeta tha poisonous snakes. of mukha , danta etc,Trishna , Shrama , Daha , Murcha , Jwara – There are more than 3500 species of tiktaasyata , Urdwa & Adho marga raktha snakes, but only about 250 are venomous in the world. [2] in India 216 species are agama, Sheeta icha , Dhumako , Mada, found, of which 52 are poisonous. Since Other Lakshna of Pitta . Rajimantha Sarpa: the majority of snakes are non-venomous. Bite site –Snigdha , Sthira , Pichila, For medico legal purposes, snakes are Shopha,Raktha- Sandra , Shita & Pandu, classified into two groups, viz, poisonous Shirovyatha, Aruchi,Chardhi , Aalasya, (Savish) and non-poisonous (Nirvisha). Hrrillasa, Madhurasyata Kantey Ghuru- This classification is not quite correct as Ghuru, Kruchra- Uchvasa & Nishvasa, some of the non-poisonous snakes can kill small animals by their poison Nidra,Kasa, Panduta Of Nakha Etc, Anga Guruta And Stamba ,Srava From Types of Sarpa Damsha: According to Nasa,Akshi,Mukha, Romaharsha, Shwasa, Sushruta6 1. Sarpita-deep punctured 2. Tama,Other Lakshna Of Kapha Radita-superficial punctured with less venom injected 3. Nirvisha-non poisonous . By knowing the importances of According to Vagbhata7 1. Tundahata- Visha Chikitsa for humans Acharyas have stained by Saliva 2. Vyalidha-one or two included this as one among Ashtanga bite marks & no bleeding 3. Vyalupta-one Ayurveda i.e Eight Folds of Ayurveda. or two bite marks & bleeding 4. Dashtaka- Many medicines have been proved to three marks accompanied with tearing of have anti poisoning effect. These drugs muscles 5. Dashtanipidita-four bitting marks can be given with various mode of Causes for Snakebite: Acharyas have administration like Anjana (collyrium),

J.Bio.Innov 7(6), pp: 948-952, 2018 |ISSN 2277-8330 (Electronic) Naykodi

Nasya(Nasal drop), Kakapada( scalp spreaded all over the body. Thus to incision) etc CONCLUSION: There are prevent or stop the spreading of poison, various logistic, marketing and economic the physician has to opt the bandhana. issues with the production and supply of Material: Plota(cloth),Charmanta ,Mrudu ASV.The other drawbacks with ASV therapy Valka or any soft material. It should be tied are the adverse reactions ranging from 4 Anguli above the site of bite. Neither too early reactions (pruritus, urticaria) to tight nor too loose Utkartanam(Incision): potentially fatal anaphylaxis. Few cases Poison does not advance after incision of may also develop serum sickness. When bite like a tree after cutting its root i.e. we compare both Ayurveda and Modern spreading of poison can be stopped. Medicine with respect to this aspect, we Achushana(Sucking):The physician should find that all these principles which are suck the poison filling his mouth before with suggested by modern medicine are Mruth,Bhasma, Agada Or Gomaya .This already described in Ayurvedic Samhitas method should be adopted especially on before thousands of year. Modalities fleshy part followed in Ayurveda are based on scientific approach, it's the time need to Symptoms of impending death are also apply see the realism of this treatment. This mentioned in the first chapter. Significant will definitely help to prove the Ayurveda in indicators are: (i) No swelling even when emergency services also. Training of the thighs are beaten with a stick, (ii) eyes treating physicians and knowledge of are open and dilated, (iii) mouth is open protocols to deal with Snakebite cases. and dilation in rectum is observed, (iv) if semen oozes out automatically on

massaging mūtra nāḍi (urethra). Eight :Chakrapani prefers Mantra as different confirmatory tests for impending foremost and par excellence Upakrama death are described. One of them is as among others, which nullifies the poison13. follows: Juice of haridrā (Curcuma longa) Charaka further say that, chanting Mantra and oil should be equally given orally. If it is a specific rhythm builds confidence in remains in stomach, he will live but if the victim and helps in relieving anxiety. They mixture goes through the GI tract and is seen in the anal region, death can be stimulate sympathetic nervous system assured. .Strengthen the peripheral blood vessels, which helps in maintaining the normal The second chapter deals with darvīkara (hooded) snake poisoning. blood flow to the vital organs and it Immediate treatments, names, specific awakens the body's natural healing symptoms and treatment of 26 types mechanisms14. Arishta of darvīkara are explained in detail. Fume Bhandana(Ligature): Arishta means therapy using certain drugs can help unfavorable/indication of death. regain consciousness. The first dung of a Bandhana means to stop. When the calf is ground in the urine of a goat and a intensity of the poison increases, it starts to suppository is made which is used for dhūmapāna (fume inhalation). This combine with the blood and gets chapter also includes many nasya (nasal

J.Bio.Innov 7(6), pp: 948-952, 2018 |ISSN 2277-8330 (Electronic) Naykodi

administration), añjana (collyrium), lepa (e with hingu (asafoetida) is recommended xternal ointment/liniment), pāna (drink) to be given with simple drugs mentioned. internally. Nasya and añjana to revive a person from unconsciousness have been The third chapter covers maṇḍali (viperine) described.[3] snake treatment. Vegānusāra cikitsā (stage wise treatment), specific The fifth chapter explains common symptoms and treatment of 16 types measures that can be adopted in all snake of maṇḍali snakes are explained here. E.g.: bite cases when exact identification of In rakta maṇḍali bite, bleeding from nose snake cannot be done. Single drug and mouth, foul smell, deep enmity, preparations that relieve fainting and all hatred, fainting etc. will be seen. When types of poisons are mentioned. Highly these are the symptoms, potent medicines are mentioned under curd, trikaṭu (three the tile of kāla vañcana pungents), saindhava (rock salt), butter, prayogas (extreme measures). honey and kuṣṭha (Saussurea lappa) Medications to regain the pulse of a bite should be mixed and used internally. victim, drugs which make the poison to get Management of complications in maṇḍali vomited out have also been detailed here. viṣa also has been explained. In bleeding The common medicines used in Kerala for from hair follicles, fried powder of root snake bite treatment such as Jīvarakṣā of śigru (Moringa oleifera) mixed with cow's guḻika, Vilvādi guḻika, Taruṇabhāskaraṃ ghee should be massaged all over the guḻika, Mṛtyuñjaya rasa have also been body. Medicines that need to be given in explained. case of thirst, burning sensation, pain, Poisoning due to Mūṣika (rat), its 16 types, swelling, yellowish urine, bleeding from symptoms and treatment are dealt with in mouth, haematemesis, weakness of joints, the chapter six. Five stage wise symptoms retention of urine, vomiting and in severe and treatment are explained. Application rise of temperature are also explained. In of certain single drugs over vertex along yellowish urine, bark of karañja (Pongamia with many internal medications which pinnata) should be given in hot water. In helps in quick elimination of rat poison the ulcer at the maṇḍali bite site, daśapuṣpa[5] (bhadra, viparita lajjalu, have been mentioned. Nasya (nasal administration) using egg of fire ants, indravalli, musali, durva, bhringaraja, external medicines for severe swelling and ahukarni, vishnukranti, lakshmana and many internal medications have also been sahadevi) svarasa (juice) or pārantyadi mentioned. tailam can be used. Chapter four explains Rājila viṣa (krait REFERENCES: family) treatment. Vegānusāra cikitsā (stage wise treatment), symptoms Ibidem (2) Parikh’s Textbook of Medical and treatment of 13 types of Rājila snakes Jurisprudence Forensic Medicine and are mentioned. In arresting of whole body Toxicology;9.40. movements, triphalā (three myrobalans) ground in milk is recommended to be Agnivesha, Charaka, Dridhabala, given orally. In excessive phlegm Charakasamhita, ChikitsaSthana, production, juice of arka (Calotropis Vishachikitsa Adhyaya,23/5, edited by gigantea) leaf mixed AacharyaVidyadhar Shukla and

J.Bio.Innov 7(6), pp: 948-952, 2018 |ISSN 2277-8330 (Electronic) Naykodi

Ravidatta Tripathi, part II Chaukhamba Sansthan, ,Edition Sanskrit Pratishthan, Varanasi, Reprint 2004; Fourteenth:2003; 575 p528 Agnivesha, Charaka, Dridhabala, VrudhaSushruta, Sushruta, Nagarjuna, Charakasamhita, ChikitsaSthana, Chandrta, Sushrutasamhita, KalpaSthana, Vishachikitsa Adhyaya,23/9, edited by SthavaravishavidnyaniyaAdhyaya, 2/21, AacharyaVidyadhar Shukla and edited by Dr. Anantram Sharma Ravidatta Tripathi, part II volume ChaukhambaSanskritPratishthan, Varanasi, II,ChaukhmbhaSurbharatiPrakashan, Reprint 2004; p539 Varanasi, 2004;p517 Vagbhata; Ashtangasangraha, Uttara Vagbhata; Ashtangahridaya, Uttara Sthana, SarpavishavidnyaniyaAdhyaya, Sthana, VishapratishedhaAdhyaya, 41/2, edited by K. R. Srikantha Murthy, 35/5, edited byKaviraj Atridev Guptana volume III, Chaukhamba Orientalia, Yadunanda nUpadhaya, Chaukhamba Varanasi, Edition 2005; 375. Sanskrit