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Ozbekiston Tarixi 6Ъ.Ъ(*Ч)Р) N.OBLOMURODOV. A.XAZRATQULOV, F.TOUPOV, N.TURSUNOV OZBEKISTON TARIXI 6Ъ.Ъ(*Ч)р) д - zL( ‘ 0 ‘ZBEKIST0N RESPUBLIKASI OLIY VA 0 ‘RTA MAXSUS TA’LIM VAZIRLIGI 0 ‘ZBEKIST0N RESPUBLIKASI DAVLAT SOLIQ QO‘MITASI SOLIQ AKADEMIYASI N.OBLOMURODOV, A.HAZRATQULOV, F.TOLIPOV, N. TURSUNOV 0 ‘ZBEKIST0N TARIXI О 'zbekiston Respublikasi Oliy va о 'rta maxsus ta ’lim vazirligi lomonidan о 'quv qo ‘llanma sifatida tavsiya etilgan Тш й/'Д TOSHKENT - 2011 UDK: 94(575.1)(075) BBK 63.3(5У) 0-34 Ma’lumki xalqimiz tari va rang-barangdir. ZEro, в xalqimiz va uning davlatdt davrlariga borib taqalai;. ibtidoiy davridan to hoz:rd tarixiy yo‘li, ijtimoiy-siyos o ‘rin olgan. 0 ‘zbEkiston tarixi qoldirgan boy moddiy \ z : тшшшт topishi va ulaming ichki va : tarixi xalqimizning, уа'ш qarshi mustaqillik va ozodffl £ S Ï Ï T * SaV°llari' mUStoqil 0’1іт va jadvallar ko‘rsatgan xalq qahram ^nîa тштшш miqyosda o‘rgatadi. Sh_ bi Erishishi, mustaqillik yillar UDK: 94(575.1)(075) chilik qurilishi, dEm okrri BBK 63.3(5У) iqtisodiyotini yaratish ja b h i qilingan. *• T a b u l a r : D BOBOJONOVA- 0'zbEkiS,o„ davlatjahon Tarix fanini o‘rganish і tillan univErsitEti «O‘zbEkiston tari xi va huquq umuman fanni va unir.; с asoslari» kafEdrasi mudiri, t.f.d; bizgacha yEtib kElgan bur.ca- VISHQUVATOV. -Nizomiy nomli TDPU tarix tarixini o'rganishda muhim = fakultEti «Manbashunoslik va tarix o'qitish mEto- Mamlakatimizdagi mav _c dikasi» kafEdrasi dotsEnti, t.f.n. qo‘lyozma nusxalari. 30 min ortiq sharq tillarida yoziigai : tarixiga oid muhim qo'No ISBN 978-9943-10-514-0 ma’Iumotlar xorijiy mairJajc hujjatlar va kitoblaming bozi Etilishi Vatanimiz tarixin; © N. Oblomuradov, A.HazratquIov, tariximiz sahifalaridagi oq* F-Tolipov, N.Tursunov, 2011. ko‘maklashmoqda. © «Fan va tExnologiya» nashriyoti, 2011. Mazkur o‘quv qo‘lis davrlaridan boshlab, hozkp I oladi. Undagi mavzularri j or UDK: 94(575.1)(075) BBK 63.3(5У) 0-34 •-■S-SSfiSE“ тшшит тштшш£ S ÏÏT “ SaVO'lari' m”Staqi' Й’,іга va j HZ UDK: 94(575.1)(075) BBK 63.3(5У) TaqnzckUar: DBOBOJONOVA- O'zbEkiston davlat jahon tillan umvErsitEti «O‘zbEkiston tarixi va huquq asoslari» kafEdrasi mudiri, t.f.d; VISHQUVATOV. -Nizomiy nomli TDPU tarix fakultEti «Manbashunoslik va tarix o‘qitish mEto- dikasi» kafEdrasi dotsEnti, t.f.n. ISBN 978-9943-10-514-0 © N. Oblomuradov, A.Hazratqulov, F. Tolipov, N.Tursunov, 2011. © «Fan va tExnologiya» nashriyoti, 2011. KIRISH V. .‘»^.^■ararixi kabi boy xalqimiz va uning davlatchilik tarixi kfEMHK ajn‘1™il? qlsml Ыз'16ап davrlariga borib taaaM ы Г Jm^abnmg Eng qadimgi ibtidoiv davridan to hozirEi k.mW ™a7™ ldan xalqimiz tarixining tarixiy yo‘li X o iv s v o s . v T ? Ь° 5’Ь ° ‘tgan UZOq va murakkab o'rin olgan. ’ У У У’ ,qt,SOdiy’ та(ІапіУ va ma’naviy hayoti q o ld ir g ^ iX ^ r S a 2”“® ‘" Х‘У. taraqqiy0,‘- m iqyosda o ‘raatadi 9hn u- n . faoliyatlarini kEng 5J5- У™ій Ä S S S ï i o b ? E £ n ä — Busiz ma’lumotlar xorijiy mamlakatlarda S аГ’ kltoblar’ фттайі hujjatlar va kitoblaming hozirai o'zbEk UIiEa°?a : Ana shu qo‘lyozma Etilishi Vatanimiz tarixini yanada ю Ъ т T q,lmishl va nashr tariximiz sahifalaridaEi «nm, L ? xoIlsona yoritilishiga, ko‘makIashmoqda. ° «qora» dog laming barham topishiga davrlaridan boshlab, hozirgilc^gacha b o?8*0^ tar'xining ^adimgi о«, U„dagi _ i Ä S dasturiga asoslangan holda mavzulaming tub mohiyati, tarixiy-madaniy ^ ^ ‘Hgas0^ , omillan va nvojlanishi natijalariga E’tibor qara- t. d,. ShumngdEk, Vatanimiz hududida boMib o‘tgan tarixiy-madaniy. ytimoiy-siyosiy va iqtisodiy jarayonlar haqida xolisona xulosalar chiqanshga harakat qilindi. Mualliflar jamoasi ushbu o‘quv qo'llanmani yozishda « 0 ‘zbEkiston tanxi» fatum o qitishmng dolzarbligi hamda ahamiyatini bay on Etish bilan birga, mazkur fanning tuzilishi, mazmuni hamda fan bo‘vicha o qitishmng o'quv va nazariy mohiyatini ochib bErishga intilganlar. ShumngdEk, fanning o‘quv dasturi asosida ma’ruza va amaliv mashg ulotlaming matm, rEjasi hamda ular yuzasidan nazorat savollari m ustaqil ta lim mavzulari va foydalaniladigan adabiyotlar bErilgan’ Uning^ o ziga xos xususiyati shundaki, unda nazariy va amaliv mashg ulotlaming dars ishlanmalari ham bErilgan. Shu ma’noda qo‘l- lanmadag, amaliy mashg‘ulotlardagi har bir rEja va topshiriqlar, profEssor-o qituvchilar va talabalarda mustaqil fikrlashni, o‘z fikrlarini asosh ravishda himoya qilishni, bahslashish ko'nikmalarini shakllan- a h T m i y a S r bahS'mUn0Zara olib borishga qaratilganligi bilan Bugungi kunda darslami yangi pEdagogik tExnolo-giyalar va yangicha o'quv-uslubiy yondashuvlar asosida o'qitishga katta ahamiyat bEnlmoqda. Shu boisdan 0 ‘zbEkiston tarixini o‘rganishda moddiv va yozma manbalaming o‘mi hamda ahamiyati, 0 ‘zbEkistonning umumjahon sivilizatsiyasi o'choqlaridan biri Ekanligi, 0 ‘zbEkiston tanximng jamiyatimiz uchun har tomonlama yEtuk, milliy g‘0va ruhida tarbiyalangan yoshlami tarbiyalashdagi o‘mi katta Ekanligining o‘ziyoq usnbu o‘quv qo'llanmaning o‘mi va ahamiyati muhim Ekanligini ko rsatib turibdi. Mualliflar ushbu o‘quv qo‘llanmani yozishda qator daisliklar, o quv qoMlanmalan, monografiyalar, tarixiy hujiatlar va boshqa manbalardan foydalandilar. 4 f a n i n i n g p r e d m e t i , lffi™ m n r i ? L RGANISHNING NAZARIY- e t o d o l o g i k a s o s l a r i , m a n b a l a r i h a m d a a h a m i y a t i Darsning texnologik xaritasi D arsning m aqsadi 0° Ä Г 0' Г8miSІ' d , " » < “ * ™ y » ™ rnnbataing " ”yal*s“ a f™ in® r. Mavzu rejasi D arsning nazorat tun Nazorat turi: Joriy baholash va shakli B ^ sJ .jjU ik lK O g^^ki SQ-ГОУ. тИП 0 7 я , а t » „ Darsning ko'rgazmali Slaydlar, sxemalar, jadvallar va boshqa tarqatma qurollari va material lar. jihozi Darsdan kutilayotgan 1 P ä =£ä s n atijalar mar yuzasidan H S S S l E 5 Mavzuning qisqacha bayoni: 1. O‘zbEkiston tarixi fanining prEdmEti, obyEkti, u n i o‘rgamshning dolzarbligi va ahamiyati. Tarix fani insoniyatmng o'tmishi, aholining turmush tarzi, jamiyat ijtimoiy taraqqiyotiga oid sodir boUgan voqEa va hodisalami, insoniyat jamiyatining barcha tadrijiy (Evolutsion) rivojlanish jarayonlarini o'rganadi. Vatanimiz tarixi jahon tarixining ajralmas qismi bo‘lib, u ajdodlarimizning bosib o tgan tarixiy yo'li, turmush tarziga oid ma’lumotlarni ma’lum izchillikda va kEtma-kEtlikda o'rganadi. 0 ‘zbEkiston tarixi fanini o'rganish orqali biz ajdodlarimizning hayoti, turmush tarzi xususida tushunchalarga Ega boUish barobarida, ulaming jahon xalqlari tarixiy taraqqiyotiga qo‘shgan hissalari haqida zarur ma’lumotlarga Ega bo‘lamiz. Tarix xususida xolis ma’lumotlarga Ega bo'lish uchun fanning prEdmEti va obyEktini to‘g‘ri bElgilab olish muhim ahamiyatga Ega. ZEro hozirgi kunda tarixchilar oldida turgan muhim masalalardan bin bu, o'zbEk xalqi va uning davlatchilik tarixini fanning prEdmEti va uni o'rganish obvEktidan kElib chiqib, ma’lum nazariy-mEtodologik tamoyillarga suyangan holda haqqoniylik, xolislik asosida yontishdan iboratdir. _ . .. f Tarix fani ham boshqa ijtimoiy-gumanitar fanlar kabi mustaqil tan hisoblanadi. U barcha fanlar qatori alohida o‘z o‘mi va mavqEiga Ega boiib, ijtimoiy-gumanitar va boshqa ayrim fanlar bilan uzviy bog liq holda o‘rganiladi. Birinchidan, u o‘z xususiyatiga ko‘ra, o‘tmish haqida saboq bEradi, insonlami sodir bo'lgan voqEa va hodisalar haqida kErakli xulosalar chiqarishga undaydi, kishilami ajdodlarimizning o‘tmishdagi hayot tarzini, ular yaratgan moddiy va ma’naviy mErosini qadrlasnga un d ay d i. ..................... .. Ikkinchidan, tarix fanini o‘rganishda barcha ijtimoiy-gumanitar fanlar uchun xos barcha shakl va uslublarga tayaniladi, hatto uni 0‘rganishda matEmatik usuldan ham foydalanilishi bEjiz Emas. Tarixiy voqEa va hodisalar qat’iy aniqlikda, davriy kEtma-kEtlikda, xronologik asosda o‘rganiladi. Ulami o'rganishda'tarixiy hujjat va dallilammg haqiqiy Ekanligi, ular qachon, qayErda, qanday tarixiy muhit va sharoitda yaratilganligiga ham ahamiyat bErmoq lozim. 0 ‘zbEkiston tarixi fani o'tmishdagi ijtimoiy, siyosiy, iqtisodiy jarayonlarni, ularnmg rivojlanishi va tanazzulining sabab hamda oqibatlarini o'rganadi, kishilami ulardan saboq va xulosalar chiqarishga undaydi. Bu Esa bo‘lg‘usi avlodlar kamolotida katta ahamiyatga Ega. Fanning prEdmEti shu mintaqada sodir bo‘lgan jamiki voqEa va hodisalar, ulardagi umumiylik va aloqadorlik qonuniyatlari, tarixiy hodisa va jarayonlar, umuman insoniyatning barcha tarixiy faoliyat jarayonlarini o‘rganishdir. 0 ‘zbEkiston tarixi fanini o'rganish obyEkti O‘zbEkiston tarixida sodir bo‘lgan barcha voqEa va hodisalardir. Tarixiy obyEkt (makon)ga nisbatan fanning maqsadi, vazifasi, yo'nalishi bElgilanadi. Ma’lum bir ma’noda obyEkt bilan prEdmEt bir-biriga juda yaqin tushuncha bo‘lsa-da, ular tarix fanida tutgan o‘mi va vazifasi bilan farqlanadilar. ObyEkt aniq tarixiy davr, makon, zamon, gEografik va umumiy mintaqaviy chEgaralar, ma’lum xalqlar, mamlakatlar tarixi bilan bog‘liq jarayonlar bo‘lib, ular voqEa va hodisalami bir butun hamda yaxlitlikda qamrab oladi. PrEdmEt Esa mana shu obyEkt ichidagi aniq tarixiy- madaniy, ijtimoiy-iqtisodiy jarayonlardan iborat bo‘lgan aniq voqEa va hodisalami o‘rganishdir. Yuqorida tarix fani bir qator faniar, xususan ijtimoiy-gumanitar fanlari bilan mustahkam va uzviy aloqada o'rganiladi, dEdik. Shuni ham aytish lozimki, tarix va boshqa aksariyat ijtimoiy- gumanitar fanlaming o ‘rganish obyEkti inson, davlat va jamiyatdir. Shuning uchun ham boshqa faniar tarix fani taraqqiyotiga hissa qo‘shadi, tarixiy haqiqat ro‘yobga chiqishiga bEvosita yordam bEradi. Tarix faninini, ya’ni vatan tarixini xolis o‘rganish xalqimiz o‘tmishi haqida zarur ma’lumotlarga Ega boMishda muhim o‘rin tutadi, xalqimiz kElajak taqdirini ravnaq topishida muhim ahamiyatga Ega. ZEro, o‘zbEk xalqi va O'rta Osiyo mintaqasida azaldan birga istiqomat qilib kElayotgan xalqlar tarixi o'zaro mushtarak boMib, ular insoniyat tarixining ajralmas qismi hisoblanadi. Fanni o'qitishdan asosiy maqsad, vatanimiz tarixining qadimgi davridan to hozirgi kungacha bosib o‘tgan uzoq va murakkab tarixiy yo'lini, xalqning ijtimoiy-siyosiy, iqtisodiy, madaniy va ma’naviy hayotini xolisona o'rganish orqali fuqarolar, ayniqsa, yoshlar ongida tarixiy xotira, ular qalbida vatanparvarlik, g‘urur va iftixor tuyg'ularini shakllantirishdan iboratdir.
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