How might we make potable water accessible to far-fung communities?

A challenge brief on the water problem in Sogod,

Social Innovation Challenge | World Vision challenge.worldvision.ca Social Innovation Challenge 2019 l Water

1. INTRODUCTION

The Challenge

The town of Sogod is a 4th class municipality located in the Province of which is the home to 34,059 people with a growth rate of 1.89%. Cebu has consistently been among the top 12 provinces with the highest share of poor families in the entire country1.

Families in the remote and highland villages of Sogod lack access to clean and safe water. Four years ago, Typhoon Haiyan, one the largest natural disasters in Phillipines history devastated Sogod. It caused massive destruction to houses, crops, livestock and even water sources and further impeded access to save water. Since the typhoon, the cost of transporting water is still a huge challenge for certain households. Consequentially, children in the families still have to walk long distances to fetch and carry water, sacrificing their education and numerous other opportunity costs. The population in Sogod spends up to 18% of their monthly family budget on water, which is easily 15x more than what communities are paying in neighboring communities. This high portion of income dedicated to water results in parents deprioritizing important factors such as proper nutrition for their families and children. Further, the inability of the villagers to obtain safe and potable water poses a significant health risk, especially to children. For most families that fall well below the poverty, the impact on household income is unimaginable and often poor families end up obtaining water from unsafe, infected sources.

About World Vision

World Vision, as an international humanitarian organization, is dedicated to working with children, families, and communities to reach their full potential by tackling the causes of poverty and injustice and help communities become self-sufficient. Everything World Vision does is focused on one goal: The Sustained Well-Being of all Children, Especially the Most vulnerable.

This means that World Vision works with the communities holistically, and this includes ensuring that the following child wellbeing outcomes are achieved: ‘children enjoy good health’ and ‘children being cared for, and protected’. And for every child to enjoy good health and be protected from water-borne diseases, clean and safe water is deemed vital to the health of a child. Hence, globally, World Vision has a WASH (water, sanitation & hygiene) component in its project implementations.

Opportunity Areas

While World Vision has implemented multiple clean water interventions in the community of Sogod, there is still opportunity to adopt a more market-driven approach to clean water delivery for the following reasons:

• Income generation – the community members can either generate income or reduce cost of water delivery to their homes. • Sustainability – allowing the WV support to eventually phase out.

1 NEDA-7, the NSCB Poverty Statistics Social Innovation Challenge 2019 l Water

• Scalability – if the model works, it can be scaled up to other neighbouring communities in Visayas • Demand – depending on the business model, it could potentially be adapted to other areas besides drinking water (e.g. agricultural water irrigation). Approximately 70 % of the industries in rural Sogod are reliant on water to sustain the business. • Supply – depending on the business model, approximately 20% youths aged 18-25 are unemployed and are open to employment opportunities. • Support – Sogod has a reasonably good public infrastructure and responsive sub-municipal officials who are willing to try new ideas that are not too costly. • Partnership –there is an established community based organization, Sogod Inc, which we can tap in whatever model we can create.

2. BACKGROUND

About the Philippines

The Philippines is situated between the South China Sea and the Pacific Ocean and lies entirely within the tropics. Forming part of the Malay Archipelago, with a total land area of 299,303 sq km (slightly larger than the State of Victoria), the Philippines extends 1,770 km from north to south and 1,100 km from east to west.

It consists of 7,107 islands and islets of which only 2,773 have names and about 500 are larger than a square kilometer. In order of size, the largest islands are Luzon, Mindanao, Palawan, Panay, Mindoro, Samar, Negros, Leyte, Cebu, , and Masbate. Together they make up 95 per cent of the total land area. The three major island groups are Luzon, Visayas and Mindanao.

The Philippines’ population is approximately 103.3 million (2016, World Bank). Over ten million Filipinos live overseas, comprising one of the world's largest Diasporas.

The Philippines’ diverse geography and its eventful history are reflected in the diversity of its populations. It is estimated that there are 187 indigenous Philippine languages, some of which make up the oldest Austronesian language family. There are 19 officially-recognized regional languages, and the seven major dialects spoken are: Tagalog, Cebuano, Bisaya/Binisaya, Ilocano, Hiligaynon (Ilongo), Bicol, and Lineyte-Samarnon (Waray). There are two official languages in the Philippines, Tagalog and English. The Philippines is predominantly Figure 1. The Philippines, Cebu Province Roman Catholic (80.6%), followed by Muslim Filipinos accounting for around 5.56% of the population

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About Sogod

The municipality of Sogod is bounded on the north by the municipality of Borbon, on the south by the municipality of Catmon, on the east by the and on the west by the municipalities of Tuburan and . The town of Sogod sits on a mountainous terrain some 60 kilometers north of , one of the biggest destinations for tourists around the world. It is composed of eighteen (18) villages (7 urban and 11 rural). Sogod has a total land area of over twelve thousand hectares with 34,059 total population (More details of demographic breakdown under the additional resources section).

Figure 2. The Philippines, Sogod

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The municipal building claims an elevated post in a hill south of the church, "a round hill which overlooks Sogod Bay. The town of Sogod sits on a mountainous terrain some 60 kilometers north of Cebu City.

Figure 3. Sogod City Hall

Its parish church seems to dominate on a hill above the town square like it is watching over its population.

Figure 4. One of the major churches in the predominately Catholic Town of Sogod

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The other major infrastructures and services in the area include the sports complex and hospital as shown below.

Figure 5. Mayor Deo Durano Sports Complex, , Sogod

Figure 6. Juan Dosado Memorial Hospital, Damolog, Sogod

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Demographic Breakdown

Population: 34,059

Education Level: Primary to College

Sex distribution: Male: 15,350 Female: 18,709

Average household size: 5

Average household income: PHP 4936.00 monthly (below the

national threshold in 2015 at PHP9,064)

Major Industries: Retail shops, Fishing, Labor. Major parts of the working age population become overseas Filipino workers.

Public amenities and facilities: Public School (Primary and Secondary), Public Hospital, Community gym, Public Market, and Fish Port

Cebu has consistently been among the top 12 provinces with the highest share of poor families. In the Philippines, on average a family of five needs to earn at least PHP 9,0642 monthly to meet both basic food and non-food needsFigure and to DE be -cla02.ssified Population as living at or just Composition under the poverty line by. In School Sogod, a family of five has an average monthlyAge, Working income of PHP Age, 4,936.00 Dependent. This year’s target Age, population Group for theand Social Innovation Challenge can be considered to be living in extreme poverty. Sex, Year 12,000

10,000

8,000

6,000

4,000 Male 2,000 Female -

Figure 7. Population Composition by School, Age, Working Age, Dependent Age, Group, and Sex

2 1 USD = approx 55 Philippine Pesos (PHP) Social Innovation Challenge 2019 l Water

FIGURE DE-03: Household Population by Barangays and Average Household Size 3,500 5.00 4.50 3,000 4.00 2,500 3.50 2,000 3.00 2.50 1,500 2.00 1,000 1.50 1.00 500 0.50 Population/No. of HouseholdsPopulation/No. of - 0.00

Barangays

Household Population Number of Household Average HH Size

Figure 8. Household Population by Barangays and Average Household Size

Sources of Income

Sogod has been known for its self-reliance in agricultural produce. People in Sogod farm vegetables and fruit for their own consumption (such as corn) as well as farm cash-generating crops like coconut, banana, tobacco and vegetables. Products from both farm and sea are displayed during market days in Sogod Public Market in Poblacion; market days are Wednesday, while for the neighborhoods of Mohon and Pansoy, market days are Sunday and Thursday, respectively.

Most Sogoranons strive to become professionals. Some are employed locally like in the local government units and other business firms established in the town.

Revenue Sources (NCSB 2010) (Rank) Percentage

Agriculture, Forestry and Fishery 1 49.32%

Services * 2 31.69%

Industry ** 3 18.99%

Figure 9. Sources of Income, Sogod

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Employment by Type/Classification/Type of Business and Trade

No. of Population Served/Markets Catered No. Type/Classification/Kind of Business and Trade Revenue (Php) Employment Local Outside (Export)

1 Agriculture Forestry and Fishing 6,002 P None

2 Mining and Quarrying 15 P None 3 Manufacturing 1,195 P None

4 Electricity, Gass and Water Supply 38 P None

Water Supply, Sewerage, Waste Management 5 29 P None and Remediation Activities 6 Construction 1,054 P None Wholesale and Retail Trade; and Repair of Motor 7 1,149 P None Vehicles and Motorcycles 8 Transportation and Storage 940 P None

9 Accommodation Food Service Activities 234 P None 10 Information and Communication 58 P None 11 Other Occupation Not Elsewhere Classified 69 P None

12 Real Estate Activities - P None

13 Professional, Scientific and Technical Activities 19 P None

14 Administrative and Support Service Activities 194 P None

Public Administrative and Defense; Compulsory 15 446 P None Social Security

16 Education 254 P None

17 Human Health and Social Work Activities 57 P None

18 Arts, Entertainment and Recreation 44 P None

19 Other Service Activities 156 P None

Activities of Households as Employers and 20 Undifferentiated Goods and Services and 246 P None Producing Activities of Households for Own Use

Activities of Extraterritorial Organizations and 21 - Bodies

22 Not Reported - P None

TOTAL 12,199 Source: National Statisitics Office, 2010 Census of Population and Housing Figure 10. Employment Matrix

*Includes those working in public (e.g. local government offices, schools) and private (small stores, restaurants, private schools), including seasonal daily wage earners in construction and manufacturing companies in nearby cities and municipalities of Sogod

** Includes the tourism industry (e.g. resorts) as well as manufacturing (e.g. metal casting, smelting, tool manufacturing)

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Household Budget Breakdown

Expenditure Amount

Food 2,500.00

Education 1,000.00

Transportation 1,000.00

Water Expense 1,640.00

Livestock (Food for chicken, pigs, goat) 1,000.00

Farming needs (inputs and fertilizers) 1,000.00

Miscellaneous and Medicines 1,000.00

Total 9,140.00

(-1640)

Figure 11. Typical Monthly Household Budget in Sogod This PHP1640.00 deficit from the monthly budget usually is borrowed from micro-finance institutions.

Cultural Nuances

1. Women and children usually collect most of the water required for households as the husbands are not at home. In most cases they hire a motorcycle called “habal-habal” to fetch water for them. They pay PHP 15.00 /container. Other families have an improvised push cart made of wood and scrap materials which serves as their means of transportation for the water.

2. In areas where there are no water sources, Takay and Mohon, laundry is usually done once a week in nearby municipalities. In these situations, families will usually do laundry simultaneous to taking a shower/bath (see cover photo for reference). This activity may not be healthy to children due to additives found in laundry detergents.

3. In the Philippines, a is the smallest administrative division in the Philippines and it is a native Filipino term for neighborhood or villagee. Municipalities and cities in the Philippines are subdivided into barangays. In this brief, a barangay and the words village, neighborhood will be used interchangeably. Social Innovation Challenge 2019 l Water

3. CURRENT WATER SYSTEM SITUATION

In the Philippines, 9M people rely on unimproved, unsafe and unsustainable water sources and 19M lack access to safe sanitation. Families without a safe water source in or near their home often spend significant time and energy collecting water. Thus, Filipinos consider water and sanitation access a matter of safety, pride, progress, and convenience, in addition to the health considerations. About 75% of surveyed Filipinos expressed an interest in a water and sanitation loan.

Current Water Sources

Access to water in remote and highland villages in the municipality of Sogod has been a problem for many years. The Municipality of Sogod has five (5) operational springs which are located in Bantolinao, Poblacion village; Cabangag, Ibabao village; Luagon, Cabangahan village; and Binaliw in Bagatayam village. However, these five springs are only able to provide water to urban villages in a limited capacity and villages (comprising of 10,000 families) that are beyond the scope of 3.5km lack access to water from these sources. From among the five spring sources, Binaliw is susceptible to mud during heavy rains which makes for unsafe drinking water.

In the village of Dakit, there are only two open dug wells. In Lubo, only one deep well provides water to the population. In the villages of Takay and Mohon, community members go to the next village, Tabuelan, to be able to do laundry and get water for household use. This is a 40 minute drive (15 km) via motorcycle.

Figure 12. Sogod Zoning Map

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Existing Water Systems Table IF-08 Sources of Drinking Water The existing waterworks systems in coastal Municipality of Sogod Households Water Source barangays are run by electricity and/or gravity. # of Households Percent The water systems in Bantolinao and Ibabao Sogod Waterworks 2,351 37.52% Tube Piped Deep Well use gravity, while the water system in Binaliw, 68 1.09% Other Sources, e.g. shallow well, etc. 3,847 61.39% Bagatayam function with electricity and gravity. The latter uses electricity to pump and Total 6,266 100.00% transport water to a 350-cubic meter Figure 13. Sources of Drinking Water for the Town of Sogod reinforced concrete reservoir situated 150 meters above sea level and uses gravity to deliver the water supply to the households using 12-mm diameter pipes. Similarly, the water source in Barangay Cabangahan is driven by electricity to the 40-cubic meter and 100-cubic meter storage capacity reservoirs and delivered to the target service areas using gravity.

Out of 6,226 households, 37.52% or 2,351 households are connected to Sogod Waterworks System, 1.09% or 68 households derive their water supply from tube-piped deep well, and 61.39% or 3,847 households obtain their water supply from other sources, such as shallow well, spring, lake, river, etc. by Figure 14. Binaliw Spring in Bagatayam private water providers.

Other water sources need to be developed. These include rain water harvesting facilities, water recycling, and other related methods.

Figure 15. Artesian Well in Bagatayam Figure 16. Binaliw Water System, Bagatayam

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Water Consumption/Demand

Water consumption varies depending on the type of users in a locality. A locality may have one or all of the following users: residential, commercial, institutional, and industrial. Household water consumers are classified as residential. Establishments such as eateries, restaurants, medium to large grocery stores latrine laundry and small manufacturing/producer centers such as bathing 13% 12% 20% small milling, small scale hollow block making, tinsmith, etc. are considered commercial. However, sari-sari drinking 3 5% livestock stores which are attached to households are not 30% classified as commercial but as residential. kitchen Government buildings, schools, hospitals/clinics, and use churches are classified as institutional establishments, 20% and large scale manufacturing firms are classified as industrial. Therefore, the amount of water demanded Figure 17. Common Household Uses for Water is related to the types and number of users.

TABLE IF-11 The estimated residential water demand inWater Sogod Requirement is shown by Barangay below: Population Sogod, Cebu Current Year 2015 Projected ( Year 2025) Water Population/ Number Projected Water No. Barangay Water Supply Deficit/ Surplus Population Requirement of Establishment in Requirement (cu.m/day) (cu.m/day) (cu.m/day) Year 2025* (cu.m/day) A Urban 22,770 9,108 26,962 (17,854) 26,101 6,536 1 Bagatayam 2,396 958 1,198 (240) 2,747 1,373 2 Bawo 2,679 1,072 1,340 (268) 3,071 1,535 3 Calumboyan 2,896 1,158 1,448 (290) 3,320 1,660 4 Damolog 3,433 1,373 1,717 (343) 3,935 1,968 5 Ibabao 2,444 978 16,799 (15,821) 2,802 19,257 6 Liki 1,911 764 956 (191) 2,191 1,095 7 Poblacion 3,472 1,389 1,736 (347) 3,980 1,990 8 Tabunok 3,539 1,416 1,770 (354) 4,057 2,028 B Rural 12,338 4,627 6,169 (1,542) 14,143 7,072 1 Ampongol 979 367 490 (122) 1,122 561 2 Bagakay 728 273 364 (91) 835 417 3 Cabalawan 2,829 1,061 1,415 (354) 3,243 1,621 4 Cabangahan 1,031 387 516 (129) 1,182 591 5 Dakit 840 315 420 (105) 963 481 6 Lubo 1,000 375 500 (125) 1,146 573 7 Mohon 1,158 434 579 (145) 1,327 664 8 Nahus-an 1,068 401 534 (134) 1,224 612 9 Takay 1,119 420 560 (140) 1,283 641 10 Pansoy 1,586 595 793 (198) 1,818 909 TOTAL 35,108 13,735 33,131 (19,396) 40,244 25,793 Source: Computed Based on NSO Data, Waterworks Systems, and MPDO, Sogod, Cebu Figure 18. Water Requirement by Barangy

3 A sari-sari store, or neighborhood sundry store, is a convenience store found in the Philippines. The word sari-sari is Tagalog meaning "variety" or "sundry". Such stores form an important economic and social location in a Filipino community and is ubiquitous in neighborhoods and streets Social Innovation Challenge 2019 l Water

The total estimated domestic water demand of the municipality in the year 2017 was around 33,131m3/day or 12,092,815m3/annum. There is therefore a need to develop more water systems or upgrade existing waterworks systems to be able to offset the deficit quantity of 19,396m3/day or 7,079,540m3/annum of water for the domestic consumption alone. Assuming that all institutional, commercial, and industrial establishments are also served with water from Tabledeveloped IF-12 or level III sources, the total water consumption would further increase and the municipalityNumber of would Connections need more and water Average supply to cope with the demands of all water type users. Water Consumption by Type of Consumer Municipality of Sogod Type of Consumer Domestic Commercial Industrial Others Total

Number of Connection 2,309 11 1 30 2,351

Average water 21,693 230 200 2,242 24,365 Consumption (cu.m.)

Figure 19. Average Water Consumption by Type of Consumer Municipality of Sogod

Based on the current trend of water consumption and considering at least a 14.63% increase in population, the domestic water consumption in the Municipality of Sogod in 2025 would be 25,793 m3/day, which is approximately 9,414,445 m3 per year. Counting the agricultural and industrial entities’ demand for water, it means more water sources will be needed; consequently, more waterworks systems that cater to required water demand must be created.

The table above shows the actual number of connections in 2015 and the corresponding average consumption by type of consumer. The data clearly manifests in an increase in water demand during a one- year period.

Contamination

There are indications that ground water in the municipalities are contaminated or polluted due to open defecation, agriculture and livestock activities, and agrochemical inputs to ground sources of water. The photo above shows how the water gets contaminated due to the proximity of laundry and bathing activities which contaminate water from detergent and soap. During planting season, chemicals from fertilizers may also cause water contamination.

Water contamination from open defecation, human Figure 20. Dakit Open Dug Well and animal waste, and the septic tanks from nearby households is also common.4

4 Water tests from Sogod in April of 2017 Social Innovation Challenge 2019 l Water

Opportunity Costs

Health

Health problems from water-borne diseases such as diarrhea, amoebiasis, cholera, typhoid fever and constipation are common. Without an affordable source of clean water, it is difficult to create lasting community health and development. Table 1 below shows number of water related health problems in the first quarter for 2018.

Barangay Water Borne Diseases Report (January March 2018) Total . Diarrhea Cholera Typhoid Amoebiasis Constipation

Fever Poblacion 0 0 0 0 0 0

Bagakay 2 0 3 1 4 10

Bagatayam 1 0 2 3 2 8

Bawo 0 0 0 0 0 0 Cabalawan 4 0 4 2 1 11

Cabangahan 0 1 1 0 0 2

Calumboyan 6 0 2 1 7 16

Dakit 17 0 5 6 8 36 Damolog 3 0 5 0 0 8

Ibabao 0 0 0 0 0 0

Liki 2 1 4 7 17 31

Lubo 4 0 6 2 6 18

Mohon 5 0 6 2 1 14

Pansoy 4 0 2 3 0 9

Tabunok 4 0 1 1 1 7

Takay 6 1 2 8 4 20

Nahus-an 0 0 0 0 0 0

Ampongol 2 0 1 3 0 6

Total 60 3 44 39 61 207

Figure 21. Water Borne Health Diseases per Barangy in Sogod

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Most of these cases usually occur in children and are due to improper hand washing, improper food preparation and mostly from unsafe drinking water.

There are also a number of unreported cases from water-borne diseases, the health department ensures that patients get medication once they seek medical assistance from the hospital. In addition, once reported, there are reportedly regular water tests and chlorination infusions.

Economic and Financial Costs

The cost of water from neighboring municipalities (Tabuelan, Borbon and Catmon) is 50.00 PHP per person per month at a minimum. Families in Sogod could save up to 82% if there was an alternative to purchasing water at these rates. These additional costs could otherwise be spent on education, health-care, and livelihood-related savings.

Solutions That May Be Contextually Viable

From World Vision’s observation of the community, here are some solutions that may be contextually viable (please note that these are purely meant for references only, participants should not limit themselves based on these suggestions).

• Provision of water filtration straw/system (household level or community level). • Desalination- purifying sea water or salt water for human consumption. • Bicycle Water Purifiers- The bicycle allows users to filter water through pedaling, enabling access to clean water for those in remote villages and disaster zones. • Solar Stills- involves harnessing the power of the sun to distill water in order to generate portable, clean water. • Personal Filter Straws- The technology works by passing water through an extremely fine medium which traps dirt and bacteria within its pores producing clean and drinkable water. • Solar powered rain catchment and purifier- It features both solar power and rainwater collection, with the solar power running a purification system inside. • Well repair and rehabilitation- training micro-entrepreneurs to establish well maintenance businesses.

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4. CASE STUDIES

Case Study # 1- Rosalinda Orio

Name: Rosalinda Orio

Age: 47 years old

Resident of: Village Dakit. She has to walk 3.5 km to get water

Education: High School Graduate

Family: Mother of 5 children (Carmel- 21 y/o, Kim Carlo- 20, Kent Claive- 18 y/o, Jan Clint – Figure 22. Rosalinda with Her Rainwater Catchment and Empty Containers. 11 y/o, Orio, Cyrill Jake – 8 y/o). Married to a Jeepney Driver (Jeepneys are similar to public “We have been facing water scarcity since I was a child. I have transportation buses in the U.S and Canada) to walk 1 hour a day from our house at least 3.5km on a hilly terrain to get water from an open dug well for household use. Other characteristics: Born and raised in the That time spent could have been used for doing other community household chores. We also buy bottled water for P30.00/gal for our drinking needs.” Rosalinda’s daily struggle in collecting water for household use and for drinking adds to the Rosalinda family’s financial burden. Her husband as a Public Utility Jeepney (PUJ) driver earns P7 ,500.00 monthly. The family spends P1,400/month (350/week) for household water transportation, while a budget of P240/month is needed for purchase of bottled water for drinking. This is a 22% additional expenditure from the P7,500 monthly income (way below the poverty threshold in 2015 at Php 9,064). The family also generates income from selling livestock every 3-4 months. To support themselves, the family borrows from local micro-finance institutions in the area to aid them with their financial needs.

In order to save water, the family saves water being used for laundry and dish washing for livestock use. They also have rain water catchment available that helps them save on water transportation costs during the rainy season. The family also takes a bath every other day alternating family members. This poses additional harm to the health of the children as it is affecting their hygienic and health practices. On days where Rosalinda cannot afford drinking water, Rosalinda boils the water from the open dug well for drinking. The family shared that they oftentimes experienced low farm yields due to erratic rainfall and long term droughts. Rosalinda said, "It's difficult to farm here because of climate change. As much as we want to grow our vegetables, we are constrained by the scarcity of water. If there's no rain, we cannot water the plants because water is expensive here. We pay PhP300 a month.” Resultingly, the most basic needs of her children are not met.

Rosalinda’s story is representative of 10,000 numbers of villagers who do not have good access to clean water in Sogod.

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Case Study # 2- Moneva Ladeline

Name: Moneva Ladeline

Age: 16 years old

Education Background: Currently in high school

Other characteristic: Born and raised in the community

“My dream is to have access to clean and safe water even not at household level but near our place because I feel pity for my parents having this burden and they are getting old.”

Moneva

Figure 23. Moneva

Moneya’s family lives in a village where there is no water source. They buy water from other villages for household use or sometimes travel to nearby municipality to do laundry. They use wooden push carts as means of transportation. In her village, public transportation (usually buses) will not stop if they see passengers with sacks of laundry or containers with them, so her family needs to spend extra money or time fetching water.

Case Study # 3: Divina Dorado

Name: Divina Dorado

Age: 39 years old

Educational Background: Rural Health Unit Nurse

Other characteristics: Family lives in the area

Interaction with Water:

1. The family has a water supply installed at household level, however, they don’t consider it safe for drinking. The family purchases bottled water from the water station nearby. They use 6 bottles (5 gallons each) in a week which costs 30PHP per gallon. 2. During heavy rain, the water turns brown. This degradation in water quality forces them to do their laundry at a nearby municipality. Social Innovation Challenge 2019 l Water

5. EXISTING ATTEMPTS WITHIN THE COMMUNITY

There are no visible attempts of potable water projects in the Municipality of Sogod. The majority of families buy purified water from refiling stations in Sogod. Another subset of families rely on open dug wells and will boil water obtained from the well for drinking. TheTable table IF-09 indicates challenges that inhibit the progression of fully functional waterworks system. Water Sector Matrix Sogod, Cebu Policy Options No. Technical Findings Implications (Effects) (Interventions) Slow service expansion and Service coverage is LGU to own a low coverage area limited; cannot serve waterworks system OR many, if not all, the encourage more 1 residents. participation from small water service providers The need to continuously Plans stipulated in the Periodic updating of update provincial water existing master plan may plans involving multi- 2 supply and sanitation be outdated and already stake holders master plans irrelevant to the current needs. Low public and private Slow service expansion Encourage private sector investment in the that can result to low sector participation in water supply sector coverage area the operation and 3 management through design, build & lease scheme

Absence of a designated Insufficient funds to Create a national sector leader from the finance water and account for water national level that would sanitation initiatives, supply and sanitation 4 look into the water supply thus neglecting or and sanitation needs overlooking the prevailing needs Separate planning for urban Coordinated municipal- Improve coordination and rural areas instead of wide planning and mechanisms between 5 whole LGU as planning unit implementation of water actors at provincial and initiatives municipal levels

Inadequate support Inadequate water supply Increase funding to to rural water supply expand access to piped 6 services, especially in rural areas

Low priority given to Inadequate water supply Strictly implement the sanitation in relation to & poor health condition Zero Open Defecation water sources program, within the framework of an 7 equitable rural sanitation and hygiene promotion policy

Source: TWG, Sogod, Cebu Figure 24. Water Sector Matrix

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Binaliw Springs

The local government has installed water reservoir from the ‘Binaliw Spring’. However, the water is not safe for drinking but can be used for farming and other domestic uses during certain times of the year. During rainy season, the water is flooded with sediments turning it a light to dark brown which prohibits its use half the year.

Planet Water’s Aqua Tower

In the past, the Planet Water Foundation attached a water filtration solution, the Aqua Tower, to seven schools in the area which provided clean drinking water only for use in schools. However, the solution wasn’t scaled up due to a lack of local expertise.

Figure 25. Aqua Tower

Figure 26. Local Well Figure 27. Government workers setting up water pipes Social Innovation Challenge 2019 l Water

6. EXISTING ATTEMPTS IN OTHER COMMUNITIES

Water Rationing

Water rationing has been practiced in neighboring communities for both short term (lesser than 3 weeks or a pre-determined end date) or long term (more than 3 weeks or undetermined end date).

Short-term water rationing may be required when communities are experiencing:

• Mechanical issues/failures • Water quality concerns • Infrastructure threats (pipeline breaks, fires, pump failures, etc)

Long-term water rationing may be required when communities are experiencing:

• Droughts • Floodings (could also be short term) • Natural disasters and force majeure

In Catmon (neighbouring municipality to Sogod), water rationing is carried out in the community every other day via firetrucks. Each village follows a schedule.

In Surigao (coastal city in the Mindanao region further down south), a major earthquake brought down a significant portion of the water infrastructure, forcing residents to again rely on water rations delivered by fire trucks from neighboring towns.

Figure 28. Earthquake survivors in Surigao City line up beside a fire trick for water rations Social Innovation Challenge 2019 l Water

Family Water Filtration

Family water filtration systems such as the LifeStraw Family can filter up to 30,000 L of water throughout the lifespan of the product, enough to supply a family of five with clean drinking water for 3-5 years. The product claims to:

• remove bacteria (99.9999%) and viruses (99.999%) that can contaminate water • reduce turbidity, filtering down to 0.2 microns making it useful for communities relying on deep wells, rivers and other natural water sources that are free from chemical contamination. Figure 29. The LifeStraw Family 2.0 Filter This table-top filter has been deployed in the municipality of Baler, Quezon, since 2017.

Ahon Pinoy Program

Manila Water Foundation in partnership with Clark Water Corp., Clark Development Corp. and the National Commission on Indigenous Peoples constructed a potable water system for the Indigenous People in Central Luzon, Philippines.

The PHP 3.5 million (USD 64,600) deep-well facility provides water to an upland indigenous community that used to rely on fetching water from a distant spring.

The project consisted of two phases: Figure 30. Potable Water Systems

1. Construction of the deep-well facility 2. Technical and financial training for the Water Group (comprised of community members who would take charge of the operation and maintenance upon completion of the facility construction)

This multi-stakeholder partnership between a conglomerate foundation, a state-owned firm and a non- government organization to provide a potable water system for the indigenous people in Central Luzon was recognized and credited by the Asia Corporate Excellence and Sustainability (ACES) Awards organized by the MORS Group of Malaysia in 2017.

Social Innovation Challenge 2019 l Water

7. STAKEHOLDERS

Project Supporters and Stakeholders Detractors Resource Partners Champions Sogod Waterworks System who manage the Private companies and Municipal Government, headed functionality of the existing water system in the Land owners of water source foundations that have projects by the Mayor municipality on water (e.g. Planet Water) Sogod Local Government Unit, headed by the The communist movement in Cebu SOGOD Inc (Sustainable Municipal Mayor, who oversees the performance such as the New People's Army (NPA) Opportunities for Genuine of the SWS, thus ensuring that other water in mountain barangays like Pansoy, Optimistic Development) is a projects will be realized. The municipality is Cabalawan and Nahus, who may ask community based organization willing to partner with private stakeholders to for revolutionary taxes from private that has been a partner of World help resolve the water problem in the area. companies entering the area. Vision for almost two decades.

Barangay Local Government Unit

Rural Health Unit

Lead Water Agency/Local Water District/NWRB

Provincial Government

World Vision

SOGOD Inc (Sustainable Opportunities for Genuine Optimistic Development) is a community based organization that has been a partner of World Vision for almost two decades

Social Innovation Challenge 2019 l Water

8. COMMUNITY ASSETS & RESOURCES

Expertise Sogoranons are adept in boat-building, fishing and other ways to harvest the rich marine sources that surround them. They practice horticulture in upland farming5, pottery making, and textile and basket weaving. Metal casting and smelting are practiced, as well, for the manufacturing of all kinds of useful tools.

Levels of Water Supply

There are two (2) levels of water supply services in the Municipality of Sogod, i.e. Level I and III.

Level I

• Level I are point sources (such as rain collectors and wells) generally for rural barangays where houses are fragmented to justify a distribution system. • The Level I Water Systems used in Sogod are rain water catchments and shallow wells installed in individual households.

Water Works System for Level III

• Level III is a system with a source, a reservoir, a pipe distribution network, and household taps. In Sogod, there is only one identified Level III water systems provider, that is, the Sogod Waterworks System (SWS)

Infrastructure Name of Groups Total Members At present, the Municipality of Sogod utilizes SOGOD Inc Board Members 8 (m=0;f=8) the latest communication technologies that Child Protection Advocates 16(m=0;f=16) are offered by various service providers. Sponsorship Relations/Child 97(m=0;f=97) There are eight (8) cell sites situated in the monitors CoMSCA Groups 124 groups different barangays across the municipality; hence almost all the barangays receive a 29 Children groups clearer signal for they are within the network (m=237;f=453) coverage area. Furthermore, there are a lot of internet services in the municipality which 10 youth groups the residents are subscribing to. Some (m=50;f=161) possible WV assets and resources that can be leveraged for this challenge are detailed 85 adult groups below. (m=317;f=1813) CoMSCA Agents 19 (m=1;f=18) Registered Families 2000

5 upland farming is farming in elevated and hilly areas Social Innovation Challenge 2019 l Water

9. ADDITIONAL RESOURCES & REFERENCES

The table below describes the total number of barangy’s in the municipality of Sogod.

Total Barangays Population (2016) Poblacion, Sogod 3,432 No of Villages - 7 Urban Villages and 11 rural villages Bagakay 757 Bagatayam 2,347 Total Land and Water Area: Bawo 2,600 Cabalawan 3,106 Land: 12,413.56 Hectares Cabangahan 974 Calumboyan 2,757 Water: 12,305.00 hectares Dakit 1,174 Damolog 3,238 Total: 24,718.56 hectares Ibabao 1,707 Liki 1,807 Lubo 897 Mohon 1,081 Pansoy 1,618 Tabunok 3,500 Takay 1,100 Nahus-an 905 Ampongol 1,058 Total 34,059