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Abstract We Present New Information on Several Species of Centrolenid Frogs from Ecuador and Peru That Justify the Placement Of

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Abstract We Present New Information on Several Species of Centrolenid Frogs from Ecuador and Peru That Justify the Placement Of Volume 54(12):161‑168, 2014 NOTES ON THE TAXONOMY OF SOME GLASSFROGS FROM THE ANDES OF PERU AND ECUADOR (AMPHIBIA: CENTROLENIDAE) DIEGO F. CISNEROS-HEREDIA1,3 JUAN M. GUAYASAMIN2 ABSTRACT We present new information on several species of centrolenid frogs from Ecuador and Peru that justify the placement of Centrolene fernandoi Duellman and Schulte as a junior synonym of Centrolenella audax Lynch and Duellman; Centrolenella puyoensis Flores & McDiarmid as a synonym of Centrolenella mariae Duellman & Toft; and Cochranella tangarana Du- ellman & Schulte as a synonym of Cochranella saxiscandens Duellman & Schulte. Key-Words: Centrolene fernandoi; Centrolene audax; Nymphargus puyoensis; Nymphargus mariae; Rulyrana saxiscandens; Rulyrana tangarana; Rulyrana spiculata; Synonymy. INTRODUCTION to N. siren and regarded them as a different species: Nymphargus phenax (Cannatella & Duellman). They Glassfrogs are conspicuous members of riverine also described Nymphargus pluvialis (Cannatella & communities across Neotropical America and have Duellman), and provided the first Peruvian records more than 140 described species (Frost, 2013). Twen- for Teratohyla midas (Lynch & Duellman) and Hya- ty-nine species of glassfrogs have been reported from linobatrachium bergeri (Cannatella). Centrolene azulae Peru (see below). Nymphargus ocellatus Boulenger was (Flores & McDiarmid) was described in subsequent the first centrolenid species to be described from Peru years from an isolated mountain range on the east- (Boulenger, 1918), and no further glassfrogs were ern Andes of Peru, while Centrolene hesperium (Cadle reported from the country until Duellman’s (1976) & McDiarmid) and Cochranella euhystrix (Cadle & description of Nymphargus truebae Duellman and Ru- McDiarmid) were described from the Pacific slopes lyrana spiculata Duellman, who also reported Nym- of northwestern Andean Peru (Flores & McDiar- phargus siren (Lynch & Duellman) and Hyalinoba- mid, 1989; Cadle & McDiarmid, 1990). Duellman trachium munozorum Lynch & Duellman. In 1979, & Wild (1993) provided the first country record of Nymphargus mariae Duellman & Toft was described Centrolene buckleyi Boulenger. Duellman & Schulte from the Serranía del Sira. Cannatella & Duellman (1993) almost doubled the number of Peruvian cen- (1982) re-evaluated the Peruvian specimens assigned trolenids with the description of eight species from 1. Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Colegio de Ciencias Biológicas y Ambientales, Laboratorio de Zoología Terrestre, calle Diego de Robles y Ave. Interoceánica, Campus Cumbayá, edif. Darwin, DW010-A, Casilla Postal 17-1200-841, Quito, Ecuador. E-mail: [email protected] 2. Universidad Tecnológica Indoamérica, Centro de Investigación de la Biodiversidad y el Cambio Climático, Av. Machala y Sabanilla, Quito, Ecuador. 3. King’s College London, Department of Geography, London, England, United Kingdom. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0031-1049.2014.54.12 162 Cisneros-Heredia, D.F. & Guayasamin, J.M.: Notes on some Glassfrogs from Peru and Ecuador the eastern slopes of Cordillera Central and adjacent ics follow Guayasamin et al. (2009). The following ridges in the department of San Martín: Centrolene measurements (in millimetres) were taken with elec- fernandoi Duellman & Schulte, Centrolene lemnisca- tronic digital callipers (0.05 mm accuracy, rounded to tum Duellman & Schulte, Centrolene muelleri Du- the nearest 0.1 mm): snout-vent length, SVL; head ellman & Schulte, Nymphargus chancas (Duellman width, HW; head length, HL; horizontal eye diam- & Schulte), Cochranella croceopodes Duellman & eter, ED; inter-orbital distance, IOD; eye-nostril dis- Schulte, Rulyrana saxiscandens (Duellman & Schulte), tance, EN; inter-narial distance, IN; width of disc on R. tangarana (Duellman & Schulte), and Hyalino- the third finger, 3DW; tibia length, TL; foot length, batrachium lemur Duellman & Schulte. Nymphar- FL. Upper eyelid width was not measured because of gus mixomaculatus (Guayasamin, Lehr, Rodríguez its limited utility due to preservation bias. We use the & Aguilar) was described from central Andean Peru notational device for webbing formulae of Savage & (Guayasamin et al., 2006). Torres-Gastello et al. Heyer (1967), as modified by Savage & Heyer (1997). (2007) described Rulyrana erminea Torres-Gastello, Sex and sexual maturity was determined by direct ex- Suárez-Segovia & Cisneros-Heredia, and reported amination of the condition of gonads and develop- the first records of Cochranella resplendens (Lynch & ment of secondary sexual characters (vocal slits and Duellman) and Vitreorana oyampiensis Lescure from nuptial pads). We examined specimens (Appendix I) Amazonian Peru. Cisneros-Heredia et al. (2008) de- deposited in the following collections: DHMECN scribed Rulyrana mcdiarmidi from Ecuador and Peru, – División de Herpetología, Museo Ecuatoriano de and presented the first record of Nymphargus posadae Ciencias Naturales, Quito; DFCH-USFQ – Universi- from Peru. Yánez-Muñoz et al. (2009) reported the dad San Francisco de Quito, Quito; QCAZ – Museo first Peruvian record of Hyalinobatrachium iaspidiense de Zoología, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ec- Ayarzagüena from Amazonian Peru. Castroviejo-Fish- uador, Quito; BMNH – Natural History Museum, er et al. (2009) described Hyalinobatrachium carlesvi- London; KU – The University of Kansas, Natural lai Castroviejo-Fisher, Padial, Chaparro, Aguayo & de History Museum, Lawrence; USNM – National Mu- la Riva from the Amazonian slopes of central Andean seum of Natural History, Washington, D.C.; MCZ Peru, assigned all previous records of H. munozorum – Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard Univer- from Peru either to H. carlesvilai or to H. bergeri, sity. synonymized H. lemur with H. pellucidum Lynch & Duellman, and extended the distribution of the latter south to the department of Cusco, southern RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS Peru. Catenazzi et al. (2012) described Centrolene sa- bini Catenazzi, von May, Lehr, Gagliardi-Urrutia & Centrolene audax Lynch & Duellman, 1973 Guayasamin from the Amazonian slopes of southeast- (Fig. 1) ern Andean Peru. Catenazzi & Venegas (2012) pre- sented photographs of Chimerella mariaelenae (Cisne- Centrolenella audax Lynch & Duellman, 1973. ros-Heredia & McDiarmid) from Kampankis, in the Centrolene audax – Ruiz-Carranza & Lynch, 1991. Amazonian slopes of northeastern Peru. “Centrolene” audax – Guayasamin et al., 2009. While developing our extensive reviews of Cen- Centrolene fernandoi – Duellman & Schulte, 1993. trolenidae (Cisneros-Heredia & McDiarmid, 2007; Holotype: KU 211770. Type locality: west slope Guayasamin et al., 2009), we cooperatively found of Abra Tangarana, 7 km (by road) northeast that there is no evidence to support specific recogni- of San Juan de Pacaysapa (06°12’S, 76°44’W, tion of several populations of Peruvian and Ecuador- 1080 m), Provincia Lamas, Departamento San ian centrolenids currently hypothesised as different Martín, Perú. New synonymy. species. Herein, we present our findings in an effort to enhance the understanding on the diversity and Lynch & Duellman (1973) described Centrole- conservation of Neotropical amphibians. nella audax for glassfrog populations diagnosed as having small yellow spots on the dorsum, short and distally-curved humeral spines in males, and extensive MATERIALS AND METHODS webbing between outer fingers from the Amazonian versant of the northern Andes. Centrolene audax is Characters and terminology are standardized currently known in Colombia and Ecuador from few following the definitions provided by Cisneros-Here- localities in Low Montane Evergreen Forest on the dia & McDiarmid (2007). Taxonomy and systemat- Amazonian versant of the Andes, between 1350 and Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia, 54(12), 2014 163 1800 m (Mueses-Cisneros, 2005; Cisneros-Heredia differences used to separate them are intraspecifically & McDiarmid, 2007; Yánez-Muñoz et al., 2010). variable within C. audax. Snout form of C. audax var- Centrolene fernandoi Duellman & Schulte ies between rounded to truncate in profile, presence of (1993) was described based on nine specimens col- spicules shows sexual and ontogenic variation (visible lected on the western slope of Abra Tangarana, in reproductive males, and absent in non-reproduc- Amazonian versant of the Andes of Peru. Duellman tive males and females), dorsal flecks vary from pale & Schulte (1993) compared C. fernandoi with Cen- yellow to golden yellow (furthermore, the photograph trolene audax and reported its high similarity, but dif- of C. fernandoi in the original description shows pale ferentiated them by its snout form (bluntly rounded yellow spots), finger colouration varies from pale in C. fernandoi, truncate in C. audax), dorsal skin green to bright yellow, and iris colouration varies texture (with scattered small spicules in C. fernandoi, from pale bronze to silvery green or mustard with without spicules in C. audax), dorsal fleck colouration thin black reticulation. Since no discrete differences (bluish-white in C. fernandoi, golden in C. audax), are evident and their populations have no obvious finger colouration (pale green in C. fernandoi, pale biogeographic barriers, we place Centrolene fernandoi yellow in C. audax), and iris background colouration Duellman & Schulte, 1993 as a junior synonym of (silvery green in C. fernandoi, pale bronze in C. au- Centrolenella audax Lynch & Duellman, 1973. There- dax). Centrolene fernandoi remains known only from fore, Centrolene audax inhabits Low Montane Ever- its type locality
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