Networks and Alliances
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The Purpose of the First World War War Aims and Military Strategies Schriften Des Historischen Kollegs
The Purpose of the First World War War Aims and Military Strategies Schriften des Historischen Kollegs Herausgegeben von Andreas Wirsching Kolloquien 91 The Purpose of the First World War War Aims and Military Strategies Herausgegeben von Holger Afflerbach An electronic version of this book is freely available, thanks to the support of libra- ries working with Knowledge Unlatched. KU is a collaborative initiative designed to make high quality books Open Access. More information about the initiative can be found at www.knowledgeunlatched.org Schriften des Historischen Kollegs herausgegeben von Andreas Wirsching in Verbindung mit Georg Brun, Peter Funke, Karl-Heinz Hoffmann, Martin Jehne, Susanne Lepsius, Helmut Neuhaus, Frank Rexroth, Martin Schulze Wessel, Willibald Steinmetz und Gerrit Walther Das Historische Kolleg fördert im Bereich der historisch orientierten Wissenschaften Gelehrte, die sich durch herausragende Leistungen in Forschung und Lehre ausgewiesen haben. Es vergibt zu diesem Zweck jährlich bis zu drei Forschungsstipendien und zwei Förderstipendien sowie alle drei Jahre den „Preis des Historischen Kollegs“. Die Forschungsstipendien, deren Verleihung zugleich eine Auszeichnung für die bisherigen Leis- tungen darstellt, sollen den berufenen Wissenschaftlern während eines Kollegjahres die Möglich- keit bieten, frei von anderen Verpflichtungen eine größere Arbeit abzuschließen. Professor Dr. Hol- ger Afflerbach (Leeds/UK) war – zusammen mit Professor Dr. Paul Nolte (Berlin), Dr. Martina Steber (London/UK) und Juniorprofessor Simon Wendt (Frankfurt am Main) – Stipendiat des Historischen Kollegs im Kollegjahr 2012/2013. Den Obliegenheiten der Stipendiaten gemäß hat Holger Afflerbach aus seinem Arbeitsbereich ein Kolloquium zum Thema „Der Sinn des Krieges. Politische Ziele und militärische Instrumente der kriegführenden Parteien von 1914–1918“ vom 21. -
CDSG Special Tour to Sweden's Defenses
CDSG Special Tour to Sweden’s Defenses August 25th to September 3rd, 2021 – Four Months Out One of Three Adjoining Tours Terry McGovern The CDSG and FSG have organized special overlapping tours to Sweden’s defenses in 2021 (subject to developments with the COVID-19 pandemic). This is due to each group’s different focus, mode of transport/lodging, and duration of tour. By providing these tour options, we hope to better serve each of our member’s needs. These tours are being organized by Sweden’s leading fortification tour expert, Lars Hasson, and his tour company, Bunker Tours. He has designed a 9-day tour to the “best” of Sweden’s modern defenses for the CDSG which would take us across the breath of Sweden. He is also organized an 8-day tour for the FSG that would overlap with the CDSG tour so our two groups would travel together for 4 days. You could attend just the FSG tour or just the CDSG tour or both tours for a total of 13 days. Lars has also organized a 2-day “pre-tour” for those who want to see the Cold War defenses around Copenhagen. If you joined all three tours you would have 15 days of both Swedish and Danish fortifications and artillery. The CDSG’s 9-day tour is planned to start and end at Stockholm’s International Airport. You would need to book and pay for your own flights. The round-trip fare from Washington, DC, recently was $1,033 via Iceland. We would use shared rental cars as the size of the tour group would be limited to around 20 members. -
University of Cincinnati
! "# $ % & % ' % !" #$ !% !' &$ &""! '() ' #$ *+ ' "# ' '% $$(' ,) * !$- .*./- 0 #!1- 2 *,*- Atomic Apocalypse – ‘Nuclear Fiction’ in German Literature and Culture A dissertation submitted to the Graduate School of the University of Cincinnati In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTORATE OF PHILOSOPHY (Ph.D.) in the Department of German Studies of the College of Arts and Sciences 2010 by Wolfgang Lueckel B.A. (equivalent) in German Literature, Universität Mainz, 2003 M.A. in German Studies, University of Cincinnati, 2005 Committee Chair: Sara Friedrichsmeyer, Ph.D. Committee Members: Todd Herzog, Ph.D. (second reader) Katharina Gerstenberger, Ph.D. Richard E. Schade, Ph.D. ii Abstract In my dissertation “Atomic Apocalypse – ‘Nuclear Fiction’ in German Literature and Culture,” I investigate the portrayal of the nuclear age and its most dreaded fantasy, the nuclear apocalypse, in German fictionalizations and cultural writings. My selection contains texts of disparate natures and provenance: about fifty plays, novels, audio plays, treatises, narratives, films from 1946 to 2009. I regard these texts as a genre of their own and attempt a description of the various elements that tie them together. The fascination with the end of the world that high and popular culture have developed after 9/11 partially originated from the tradition of nuclear fiction since 1945. The Cold War has produced strong and lasting apocalyptic images in German culture that reject the traditional biblical apocalypse and that draw up a new worldview. In particular, German nuclear fiction sees the atomic apocalypse as another step towards the technical facilitation of genocide, preceded by the Jewish Holocaust with its gas chambers and ovens. -
STRATEGIC FORUM National Defense University
January 2020 STRATEGIC FORUM National Defense University About the Authors Håkon Lunde Saxi, Ph.D., is an As- Baltics Left of Bang: Nordic sociate Professor at the Norwegian Defence University College. Bengt Total Defense and Implications Sundelius is a Professor Emeritus of Political Science at the Swedish Defense University. Brett Swaney is an for the Baltic Sea Region Assistant Research Fellow in the Center for Strategic Research, Institute for Na- tional Strategic Studies, at the National by Håkon Lunde Saxi, Bengt Sundelius, and Brett Defense University. Swaney Key Points ponsored by the U.S. National Defense University (NDU) and the Swed- ish National Defense University, this paper is the second in a series of ◆◆ Nordic states (Norway, Sweden, and Finland) efforts to enhance Institute for National Strategic Studies Strategic Forums dedicated to societal resilience through unique the multinational exploration of the strategic and defense challenges faced by “total defense” and “comprehen- S sive security” initiatives are unlikely the Baltic states. The December 2017 U.S. National Security Strategy described to change the near-term strategic Russia as “using subversive measures to weaken the credibility of America’s com- calculus of Russia. Over time, how- ever, a concerted application of to- mitment to Europe, undermine transatlantic unity, and weaken European insti- tal defense in harmony with Article tutions and governments.”1 The U.S. and European authors of this paper, along 3 of the North Atlantic Treaty will with many others, came together in late 2017 to explore possible responses to aid in the resilience to, and deter- rence of, Russian hostile measures the security challenges facing the Baltic Sea Region (BSR). -
Lifeblood Then and Now the Area of Edefors, Or Edeforsen (Ede Ra- Luleå Came from Salmon Fishing in Edefors
Edefors Edefors – Lifeblood then and now The area of Edefors, or Edeforsen (Ede Ra- Luleå came from salmon fishing in Edefors. Med den här informations- pids) as it was known before the river was Every now and then, two tons of salmon samlingen av besöksmålen dammed and the rapids disappeared, has a were caught here, in a single day. i Edeforsområdet vill vi göra history that goes a long way back. The place Edefors has also been the site of an iron kunskapen och historien has been part of a transportation route for mill, log driving, the construction of an Eng- levande och tillgänglig även centuries, with silver, salmon, logs, tar and lish canal built by over 1400 workers, who digitalt och för dig som är passenger boats passing through. There came to join Sweden’s first workers’ riots, are remains from all kinds of activities from which ended up requiring military interven- här på besök, vill söka fakta different eras. Stone Age dwellings, cooking tion. There are many mythicals tales about eller berätta för dina gäster pits, fishermen’s sheds from the 18th cen- this place and still to this day, people speak om det som har hänt här. tury, a stone labyrinth, foundation remains of a silver treasure left behind. of a market square and workers’ houses, re- mains of a canal, a stone pier and a blast fur- The area was also visited by celebrities of nace ruin. There are also aquatic structures, the time. Carl Linnaeus, the scientist who remains of the log driving era. The Edefors amongst many other things created the area is home to easily accessible, well-pre- foundation for modern systematic classi- served examples of remains from various li- fication of flora and fauna, came here and velihoods that were important in the region documented the fishing and local life in his at different points in history. -
Church Village of Gammelstad, Luleå
WORLD HERITACE LIST cammelstad NO 762 Identification Nomination The church village of Gammelstad, Lulea Location county of Norrbotten <Norrbottens lan> state Party sweden Date 23 October 1995 Justification by State Party Lulea Gammelstad is of international importance as the foremost representative of scandinavia's church towns, a type of town-like milieu that has been shaped bY people's religious and social needs rather than by economie and geographical forces, being intended for use only during weekends and church festivals. lt represents a type of Nordic settlement that has nearly disappeared. lt combines rural and urban life in a remarkable way. The custom of staying close to the church throughOut the weekend has created a way of life and style of building whose main features have been preserved unchanged for four hundred years. lt is considered to conform with criteria ii, iv, anCI v. category of propertv ln terms of the categories of property set out in Article 1 of the 1972 world Heritage convention, Gammelstad is a group of buildings. Historv anCI Description History The Lule river and its valley have provided an effective route between the Gulf of Bothnia and the mountains of Lapland, and beyond to the coast of northern Norway, from earliest times. Agricultural villages had been established on the fertile lands along the coast and in the lower portion of the river valley as early as the 13th centurv. A market centre developed on the islands in the Lulea district in the 14th centurv. When the swedish Finnish kingdom, supported by the Archbishop of uppsala, expanded into this region as an act of deliberate colonization, to counteract Russian pressure, the present stone church of Gammelstad was built at the turn of the 1Llth centurv. -
Kvinner Og Natur
Women and Natural Resource Management in the Rural North Arctic Council Sustainable Development Working Group 2004-2006 By Lindis Sloan (ed) Joanna Kafarowski Anna Heilmann Anna Karlsdóttir Bente Aasjord Maria Udén May-Britt Öhman Nandita Singh Sanna Ojalammi Women and Natural Resource Management in the Rural North Arctic Council Sustainable Development Working Group 2004-2006 By Lindis Sloan (ed) Joanna Kafarowski Anna Heilmann Anna Karlsdóttir Bente Aasjord Maria Udén May-Britt Öhman Nandita Singh Sanna Ojalammi Published by Forlaget Nora Kvinneuniversitetet Nord N-8286 Nordfold Layout: Pure Line Design, Nordfold. www.PureLine.Norge.cc Cover photo: International Steering Committee member Lene Kielsen Holm on the lulissat ice fjord, June 2006. Photo: Anna Heilmann. ISBN: 82-92038-02 Contents Preface . 7 Concluding remarks from the project work group and international steering committee . 9 A human security perspective . 10 Women and Natural Resource Management in the Rural North . 12 Project summaries . 17 Canada . 19 Greenland . 37 Iceland . 73 Norway . 97 Sweden . 129 Finland . 155 5 6 Preface “Women and Natural Resource Management “Management of natural, including living, in the Rural North” is a continuation of the resources”. Analysing natural resource-based 2003-2004 Arctic Council SDWG project industries in the Arctic in terms of women’s “Women’s participation in decision-making participation in these sectors covers both processes in Arctic fisheries resource manage- these points. ment”, which presented its report to the Developing prosperous and resilient local Ministers in Reykjavik. communities depends on achieving social sustainability, including economic activities The “Women and Natural Resource in the primary, secondary and tertiary sectors. -
The Economical Geography of Swedish Norrland Author(S): Hans W:Son Ahlmann Source: Geografiska Annaler, Vol
The Economical Geography of Swedish Norrland Author(s): Hans W:son Ahlmann Source: Geografiska Annaler, Vol. 3 (1921), pp. 97-164 Published by: Wiley on behalf of Swedish Society for Anthropology and Geography Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/519426 Accessed: 27-06-2016 10:05 UTC Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at http://about.jstor.org/terms JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected]. Swedish Society for Anthropology and Geography, Wiley are collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to Geografiska Annaler This content downloaded from 137.99.31.134 on Mon, 27 Jun 2016 10:05:39 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms THE ECONOMICAL GEOGRAPHY OF SWEDISH NORRLAND. BY HANS W:SON AHLMrANN. INTRODUCTION. T he position of Sweden can scarcely be called advantageous from the point of view of commercial geography. On its peninsula in the north-west cor- ner of Europe, and with its northern boundary abutting on the Polar world, it forms a backwater to the main stream of Continental communications. The southern boundary of Sweden lies in the same latitude as the boundary between Scotland and England, and as Labrador and British Columbia in America; while its northern boundary lies in the same latitude as the northern half of Greenland and the Arctic archipelago of America. -
Fishing in Luleå
SWEDISHthe destinations of LAPLAND YOUR ARCTIC DESTINATION Fishing luck in Luleå Helena Holm Helena Photo: ALWAYS A FISHING WATER WITHIN REACH The summer sun sets down by the restaurants of University, among other things. Today, fishing on the river is not what Luleå’s north harbour. You order a classic Kalix it once was, although salmon and trout are still caught here. However, there are even better opportunities to catch pike and perch. If you are vendace roe starter, to celebrate something. The looking for a wild salmon river, the Råne River is a beautiful option, waiter tells you that you can also order fried also offering magnificent pike fishing, and opportunities to catch wild vendace today, known in Finnish as muikku, river crayfish in the autumn. Around the city of Luleå, you will find and something of a national dish. The vendace, many well maintained fishing waters, both for families and enthusi- Coregonus albula in Latin, is a small salmonid asts. Lake Hertsöträsket has been adapted for accessibility, to provide a good fishing experience even for those in wheelchairs. Luleå was not fish which gives us the amazing vendace roe, and just founded on fish, it is also a place for those who like to fish. Just as also Norrbotten’s official county fish. Since 2010, you could expect from a city on the coast of the Gulf of Bothnia. Kalix vendace roe has been an item with protected designation of origin, such as Parma ham, Stilton good to know Carefully check that you are fishing on licenced waters, cheese and champagne. -
Kingdom of Sweden
Johan Maltesson A Visitor´s Factbook on the KINGDOM OF SWEDEN © Johan Maltesson Johan Maltesson A Visitor’s Factbook to the Kingdom of Sweden Helsingborg, Sweden 2017 Preface This little publication is a condensed facts guide to Sweden, foremost intended for visitors to Sweden, as well as for persons who are merely interested in learning more about this fascinating, multifacetted and sadly all too unknown country. This book’s main focus is thus on things that might interest a visitor. Included are: Basic facts about Sweden Society and politics Culture, sports and religion Languages Science and education Media Transportation Nature and geography, including an extensive taxonomic list of Swedish terrestrial vertebrate animals An overview of Sweden’s history Lists of Swedish monarchs, prime ministers and persons of interest The most common Swedish given names and surnames A small dictionary of common words and phrases, including a small pronounciation guide Brief individual overviews of all of the 21 administrative counties of Sweden … and more... Wishing You a pleasant journey! Some notes... National and county population numbers are as of December 31 2016. Political parties and government are as of April 2017. New elections are to be held in September 2018. City population number are as of December 31 2015, and denotes contiguous urban areas – without regard to administra- tive division. Sports teams listed are those participating in the highest league of their respective sport – for soccer as of the 2017 season and for ice hockey and handball as of the 2016-2017 season. The ”most common names” listed are as of December 31 2016. -
Scandinavia and Arctic 2020
SCANDINAVIA AND ARCTIC 2020 NORWAY SWEDEN DENMARK FINLAND BALTICS RUSSIA ICELAND FAROE ISLANDS GREENLAND SPITSBERGEN www.nordictravel.com.au [email protected] 1300 702 833 (02) 9904 5424 Iceland driving distances Greenland flight times Keflavík Airport – Reykjavík 55km Narsarsuaq – Nuuk 1hr 15mins Reykjavík – Isafjörður 388km Nuuk – Kangerlussuaq 55mins Isafjörður – Akureyri 513km Kangerlussuaq – Ilulissat 45mins Akureyri – Husavík 90km Ilulissat – Narsarsuaq 5hrs 55mins Husavík – Seyðisfjörður 245km Seyðisfjörður – Höfn 212km Höfn – Vík 272km Vík – Selfoss 129km Selfoss – Blue Lagoon 90km Blue Lagoon – Keflavík Airport 18km GREENLAND Hólmavík • • Akureyri Varmahlíð • Lake Mývatn • Seyðisörður Egilsstaðir • • • Stykkisholmur Uummannaq ICELAND • • Illulissat Reykholt • Aasiaat • Borgarnes Sisimiut • Geysir Gullfoss Vatnajökull • Kangerlussuaq •• • Höfn • Reykjavík þingvellir • Maniitsoq • • Jökulsárlón • • Kulusuk Keavík Skaftafell • • • • Hveragerði • Nuuk Kirkjubæjarklaustur Paamiut • • Narsarsuaq Seljalandsfoss Narsaq • • 50km • 500km Skógafoss • • Vík Qaqortoq• Faroe Islands driving distances Vágar Airport – Tórshavn 47km SPITSBERGEN Tórshavn – Kirkjubøur 11km Tórshavn – Klaksvík 75km Tórshavn – Gjógv 64km Ferries Tórshavn – Vestmanna 39km Helsinki to St Petersburg Klaksvík – Kunoy 12km Helsinki to Tallinn Klaksvík – Viðareiði 19km Helsinki to Stockholm Copenhagen to Oslo Ferries and sub-Sea tunnels Viðareiði Mikladalur • Bergen to Kirkenes (which is the Hurtigruten coastal ferry route) Sørvágur to Mykines Gjógv • • North Cape -
Changing Contact Patterns Within the Luleå District During the Nineteenth Century Author(S): Ian G
Industry and the Local Economy: Changing Contact Patterns within the Luleå District during the Nineteenth Century Author(s): Ian G. Layton Source: Geografiska Annaler. Series B, Human Geography, Vol. 70, No. 1, Landscape History (1988), pp. 205-218 Published by: Wiley on behalf of the Swedish Society for Anthropology and Geography Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/490756 Accessed: 27-06-2016 09:16 UTC Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at http://about.jstor.org/terms JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected]. Swedish Society for Anthropology and Geography, Wiley are collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to Geografiska Annaler. Series B, Human Geography This content downloaded from 128.197.26.12 on Mon, 27 Jun 2016 09:16:19 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms INDUSTRY AND THE LOCAL ECONOMY: CHANGING CONTACT PATTERNS WITHIN THE LULEA DISTRICT DURING THE NINETEENTH CENTURY By Ian G. Layton Layton, lan G., 1988: Industry and the local economy: Changing 100--- HUNTING contact patterns within the Lulei district during the nineteenth century. Geogr. Ann. 70 B (1): 205-218 FISHING REINDEERHRN WORKING OIIRON- IORE ON ARMING TIMBER- Landscape changes have been studied in great o-"-- 1550 A 1600 R i160,N 1700IN 17;0WORKING 1800 1850 1900 detail at the level of the agricultural village, taking up changes in the local agrarian organization, land Fig.