TRAFFICKING in PERSONS 2020 COUNTRY PROFILE North Africa and the Middle East Table of Contents − Algeria −

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GLOBAL REPORT ON TRAFFICKING IN PERSONS 2020 COUNTRY PROFILE North Africa and the Middle East Table of Contents − Algeria − ...... 3 − Bahrain − ...... 5 − Egypt − ...... 8 − Iraq − ...... 11 − Israel − ...... 14 − Jordan − ...... 17 − The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia − ...... 18 − Kuwait − ...... 20 − Lebanon − ...... 23 − Morocco − ...... 27 − Oman − ...... 30 − Qatar − ...... 32 − Sudan − ...... 33 − The Syrian Arab Republic − ...... 34 − Tunisia − ...... 35 − The United Arab Emirates − ...... 39

2 − Algeria −

The current legislation on trafficking in persons in Algeria covers all forms of trafficking indicated in the UN Trafficking in Persons Protocol.

Investigations and suspects

In 2017, three cases of trafficking in persons were reported. One case was recorded in 2016, two in 2015 and one in 2014. Between 2016 and 2017, a total of 20 persons were brought into formal contact with the police and/or the criminal justice system because they had been suspected of, arrested for, or cautioned for trafficking in persons. While a total of 40 persons were prosecuted for trafficking in persons between 2015 and 2017, no person was convicted of the crime in the indicated period. In 2014, one Algerian national was convicted of trafficking in persons.

Source: The Ministry of Justice and the National Gendarmerie.

Victims

Number of victims of trafficking in persons detected, by age and sex, 2014 – September 2017

2014 2015 2016 Jan-Sep 2017 Boys 0 0 7 0 Girls 0 2 8 13 Men 0 0 10 14 Women 1 0 7 1

Source: Ministry of Justice.

Between 2014 and 2017, three victims of trafficking in persons for the purpose of sexual exploitation were detected, all female. In 2017, 14 adult men and 13 girls were identified as victims of trafficking for the purpose of forced labour. In 2016, a 32 identified victims were trafficked for the purpose of forced begging, consisting of 10 adult men, seven adult women, seven girls, and eight boys.

Source: Ministry of Justice.

3 Citizenships of persons identified as victims of trafficking in persons by state authorities, 2014 – August 2017

Other Sub- Algeria domestic Saharan Africa, 1 trafficking, 4

Guinea, 7

Mali, 19 Niger, 32

Source: Ministry of Justice.

4 − Bahrain −

The current legislation on trafficking in persons in Bahrain covers all forms of trafficking indicated in the UN Trafficking in Persons Protocol.

Investigations and suspects

Between 2017 and 2018, 12 cases of trafficking in persons were recorded. In the same period, national authorities reported that 83 persons were suspected of trafficking in persons.

Source: The National Referral System for Victims of Trafficking in Persons- The Labour Market Regulatory Agency.

Number of persons prosecuted of trafficking in persons, by sex, 2017 – 2018

2017 2018 Females 23 10 Males 27 23

Source: The National Referral System for Victims of Trafficking in Persons- The Labour Market Regulatory Agency.

Number of persons convicted of trafficking in persons, by sex, 2017 – 2018

2017 2018 Females 7 4 Males 14 13

Source: The National Referral System for Victims of Trafficking in Persons- The Labour Market Regulatory Agency.

5 The national authorities reported that, between 2017 and 2018, 37 persons were convicted of trafficking in persons for the purpose of sexual exploitation and one person was convicted of trafficking for the purpose of forced labour.

Source: The National Referral System for Victims of Trafficking in Persons- The Labour Market Regulatory Agency.

Countries of citizenship of persons convicted of trafficking in persons, 2017 – 2018 (Tot=38)

Others, 4, 11%

Bangladesh, 15, India, 6, 16% 39%

Russia, 6, 16%

Bahrain, 7, 18%

Source: The National Referral System for Victims of Trafficking in Persons- The Labour Market Regulatory Agency.

Number of victims of trafficking in persons by form of exploitation, 2017 – 2018

2017 2018 Forced Labour 0 1 Sexual exploitation 15 9

Source: The National Referral System for Victims of Trafficking in Persons - The Labour Market Regulatory Agency.

In the same period, those identified as victims of trafficking in persons were all women.

Source: The National Referral System for Victims of Trafficking in Persons - The Labour Market Regulatory Agency.

6 Countries of citizenships of identified victims of trafficking in persons, 2017 – 2018

Indonesia, 8, 32% Others, 10, 40%

India, 7, 28%

Source: The National Referral System for Victims of Trafficking in Persons - The Labour Market Regulatory Agency.

7 − Egypt −

The current legislation on trafficking in persons in Egypt covers all forms of trafficking indicated in the UN Trafficking in Persons Protocol.

Investigations and suspects

Number of cases of trafficking in persons recorded, 2014 – 2018 87

34 24 21

2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

Source: The National Coordinating Committee for Combating and Preventing Illegal Migration and Trafficking in Persons.

Number of persons brought into formal contact with the police and/or criminal justice system because they have been suspected of, arrested for or cautioned for trafficking in persons, by sex**, 2014 – 2018

2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Females 55 21 13 26 43 Males 38 17 42 57 150

Source: The National Coordinating Committee for Combating and Preventing Illegal Migration and Trafficking in Persons.

**Formal contact with the police and/or criminal justice system may include persons suspected, arrested, or cautioned at the national level.

8 Number of persons convicted of trafficking in persons, by sex, 2017 – 2018

2017 2018 Females 20 19 Males 23 69

Source: The National Coordinating Committee for Combating and Preventing Illegal Migration and Trafficking in Persons.

During the years 2017 and 2018, all persons convicted of trafficking in persons were Egyptian citizens.

Source: The National Coordinating Committee for Combating and Preventing Illegal Migration and Trafficking in Persons.

Victims

Number of victims of trafficking in persons detected, by age and sex, 2014 – 2018

2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Boys 48 37 3 20 57 Girls 37 27 2 30 64 Men 29 8 48 5 28 Women 2 0 28 5 3

Source: The National Coordinating Committee for Combating and Preventing Illegal Migration and Trafficking in Persons.

9 Number of victims of trafficking detected, by form of exploitation, 2014 – 2018

2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Forced labour 0 0 0 15 2 Other 51 58 5 4 88 Removal of organs 31 8 32 1 19 Sexual exploitation 34 16 7 18 43

Source: The National Coordinating Committee for Combating and Preventing Illegal Migration and Trafficking in Persons.

All persons identified as trafficking victims by state authorities between 2014 and 2016 were Egyptian nationals. All victims were domestically trafficked within Egypt. During the years 2017 and 2018, 201 detected victims were Egyptian citizens, while 11 were citizens of Sub Sahara African countries and other countries of the Middle East.

Source: The National Coordinating Committee for Combating and Preventing Illegal Migration and Trafficking in Persons.

10 − Iraq −

The current legislation on trafficking in persons in Iraq, introduced in 2012, criminalizes some forms of trafficking for sexual exploitation and forced labour of both adults and children.

Investigations and suspects

Number of cases of trafficking in persons reported, 2017 – 2018

2017 2018

Source: The Ministry of Justice.

2017 2018 Females 11 10 Males 37 27

Source: Anti-trafficking Unit, Department of Statistics.

11 Number of persons prosecuted for trafficking in persons, by sex, 2017 – 2018

2017 2018 Females 4 7 Males 7 19

Source: Anti-trafficking Unit, Department of Statistics.

Number of persons convicted of trafficking in persons, by form of exploitation, 2017 – 2018

2017 2018 Organ removal 1 Forced labour 9 11 Sexual exploitation 2 5

Source: The Ministry of Justice.

Countries of citizenships of persons convicted of trafficking in persons, 2017 – 2018 Indonesia, 1 Philippines, 2 Sri Lanka, 2

Bangladesh, 3

Syria, 4 Jordan, 25

Source: The Ministry of Justice.

12 Victims

Number of victims of trafficking in persons detected, by sex and age, 2017 – 2018

2017 2018 Girls 0 2 Boys 0 3 Women 14 20 Men 10 1

Source: The Ministry of Justice.

Number of victims of trafficking in persons detected, by form of exploitation, 2017 – 2018

2017 2018 Organ removal 0 1 Forced labour 22 15 Sexual exploitation 2 10

Source: The Ministry of Justice.

Countries of citizenship of identified victims of trafficking in persons, 2017 – 2018 (Tot=50) Western Sahara, 1 Uganda, 2 Jordan, 5 Philippines, 5 Indonesia, 5

Sri Lanka, 2 Syria, 6

Bangladesh, 24

Source: The Ministry of Justice. 13 − Israel −

The current legislation on trafficking in persons in Israel covers all forms of trafficking indicated in the UN Trafficking in Persons Protocol.

Investigations and suspects

Number of cases of trafficking in persons reported, 2014 – 2018 17 15

10 9 8

2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

Source: Israel Police.

Number of persons brought into formal contact with the police and/or criminal justice system because they have been suspected of, arrested for or cautioned for trafficking in persons, 2017 – 2018

2017 2018 Source: Israel Police.

Number of persons prosecuted for trafficking in persons, 2014 – 2018 13

6 5

2 1

2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

Source: Israel Police. 14 Number of persons convicted of trafficking in persons, 2014 – 2018

6 6

2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

Source: Israel State Attorney’s Office.

In 2018, one adult man of Israeli citizenship was convicted of trafficking in persons for the purpose of forced labour.

Source: Israel State Attorney’s Office.

Victims

Number of victims of trafficking in persons detected, by age and sex, 2014 – 2018

2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Women 44 20 23 49 41 Men 27 27 24 24 18

Source: Israel Police, Ma’agan, Atlas, and Tesfa Shelters.

15 Number of victims of trafficking in persons detected, by form of exploitation, 2014 – 2018

2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Sexual exploitation 11 13 13 9 25 Forced labour 27 10 6 14 7 Slavery for sexual services 30 22 16 34 21 Forced begging 0 0 10 4 0

Source: Ma’agan, Atlas, and Tesfa Shelters.

Citizenships of persons identified as victims of trafficking in persons by state authorities, 2017 – 2018 (Tot=118) Others, 9 Other countries in Other countries in South Asia, 5 Eastern Europe and Central Asia, 6

Belarus, 7

Eritrea, 56 Ethiopia, 8

Russia, 13

Ukraine, 14

Source: Ma’agan, Atlas, and Tesfa Shelters, Welfare Authority.

16 − Jordan −

The current legislation on trafficking in persons in Jordan covers all forms of trafficking indicated in the UN Trafficking in Persons Protocol.

Investigations and suspects

Number of cases of trafficking in persons recorded, 2014 – 2017

2014 2015 2016 2017 Number of cases without taking 37 44 62 26 into account renewed claims Number of cases taking into 36 40 47 17 account renewed claims

Source: Official information from Jordan authorities.

Victims

Number of victims of trafficking in persons registered in criminal courts, by age and sex, 2014 – 2017

2014 2015 2016 2017 Boys 1 0 1 0 Girls 0 0 3 0 Men 13 16 19 6 Women 5 10 37 8

Source: Official information from Jordan authorities.

17 − The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia −

The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia accessed the UN Trafficking in Persons Protocol in 2007. The specific offence on Trafficking in Persons criminalizes most forms of trafficking among those listed in the UN Trafficking Protocol. Other articles of the Criminal Code are used to prosecute trafficking in persons.

Investigations and suspects

Number of cases of trafficking in persons recorded, 2016 – 2018 165

2017 2018 2019

Source: The Ministry of Justice.

Number of persons brought into formal contact with the police and/or criminal justice system because they have been suspected of, arrested for or cautioned for trafficking in persons, 2017 – 2018

2017 2018 Females 1 5 Males 126 78

Source: The Public Prosecution Office.

18 Victims

Number of identified victims of trafficking, by form of exploitation, 2016 – 2018

2017 2018 Slavery 33 15 Forced begging 80 85 Forced Labour 93 51 Sexual exploitation 14 11

Source: The Ministry of Justice.

Citizenships of identified victims of trafficking, 2017 – 2018 Bangladesh, 9 Others, 4 Eritrea, 10 Philippines, 12 Kenya, 12 Sri Lanka, 14

Somalia, 18 Yemen, 148

KSA, 39

Ethiopia, 43

Source: The Public Prosecution Office.

National Authorities of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia identified 36 victims of domestic trafficking in 2016 and three in 2017.

Source: The Public Prosecution Office.

19 − Kuwait −

The current legislation in Kuwait, Law no. 9 of 2013 on Combatting Trafficking in Persons and Smuggling of Migrants, covers all forms of trafficking indicated in the UN Trafficking in Persons Protocol.

Investigations and suspects

Number of cases of trafficking in persons recorded, 2015 – 2017

3 2

2015 2016 2017 Source: Ministry of Interior.

Number of persons prosecuted for trafficking in persons, 2015 – 2017 18

2015 2016 2017 Source: Ministry of Interior.

Number of persons convicted of trafficking in persons, 2015 – 2017 18

2015 2016 2017 Source: Ministry of Interior.

20 Citizenships of persons convicted of trafficking in persons, 2014 – 2017 North and Sub- Saharan Africa, 4 Domestic, 3

Unknown, 8 Asia, 7

Egypt, 5 Syria, 5

Source: Ministry of Interior.

Victims

Number of victims of trafficking in persons detected, by age and sex, 2015 – 2017

2015 2016 2017 Women 7 4 5 Men 0 0 43 Girls 0 1 0 Boys 0 1 0

Source: Ministry of Interior

21 Number of victims of trafficking detected, by form of exploitation, 2015 – 2017

2015 2016 2017 Forced labour 1 0 6 Sexual exploitation 3 6 43

Source: Ministry of Interior

Citizenships of persons identified as victims of trafficking in persons by state authorities, 2015 – 2017

Syria, 5

Philippines, 44 Asia, 5

Sub-Saharan Africa, 5

Source: Ministry of Interior

22 − Lebanon −

The current legislation on trafficking in persons in Lebanon covers all forms of trafficking indicated in the UN Trafficking in Persons Protocol.

Investigations and suspects

Number of cases of trafficking in persons recorded, 2014 – 2017 54

2014 2015 2016 2017

Source: Directorate General of Internal Security Forces.

2015 2016 2017 Females 2 5 5 Males 11 23 14

Source: Directorate General of Internal Security Forces.

**Formal contact with the police and/or criminal justice system may include persons suspected, arrested, or cautioned at the national level.

23 Number of persons prosecuted for trafficking in persons, by sex, 2015 – 2017

2015 2016 2017 Females 2 5 5 Males 11 23 24

Source: Directorate General of Internal Security Forces.

Citizenships of persons investigated for trafficking in persons, 2014 – 2017 Other countries, 10

Syrian, 48 Lebanese, 62

Source: Directorate General of Internal Security Forces.

24 Victims

Number of victims of trafficking in persons detected, by age and sex, 2015 – 2017

2015 2016 2017 Boys Girls 2 1 4 Men 17 1 9 Women 17 85 41

Source: Directorate General of Internal Security Forces.

Number of victims of trafficking in persons detected, by form of exploitation, 2015 – 2017

2015 2016 2017 Financial 1 25 Domestic service 1 Sexual exploitation 18 86 18

Source: Directorate General of Internal Security Forces.

25 Citizenships of persons identified as victims of trafficking in persons by state authorities, 2014 – 2017

Palestinian, 4

Ethiopian, 23 Syrian, 107

Bangladeshi, 7 Other, 2

Own country, 14

Source: Directorate General of Internal Security Forces

Between 2015 and 2017, National Authorities of Lebanon reported that 14 victims were trafficked domestically. The victims were all Lebanese nationals.

Source: Directorate General of Internal Security Forces.

26 − Morocco −

The current legislation on trafficking in persons in Morocco covers all forms of trafficking indicated in the UN Trafficking in Persons Protocol.

Investigations and suspects

Number of cases of trafficking in persons recorded, 2017 – 2018

2017 2018

Source: The National Authorities of Morocco.

2017 2018 Females 19 88 Males 51 138

Source: The National Authorities of Morocco.

27 Number of persons prosecuted for trafficking in persons, by sex, 2017 – 2018

2017 2018 Females 20 68 Males 27 163

Source: The National Authorities of Morocco.

The National Authorities of Morocco reported that, in 2017, 19 persons (10 males and 9 females) were convicted of trafficking in persons.

Source: The National Authorities of Morocco.

Victims

Number of victims of trafficking in persons detected, by sex and age, 2017

Girls, 10

Men, 22

Boys, 5

Women, 6

Source: The National Authorities of Morocco.

28 Number of victims of trafficking in persons detected, by form of exploitation, 2017 – 2018

2017 2018 Others 5 129 Forced labour 0 20 Sexual exploitation 11 131

Source: The National Authorities of Morocco.

The National Authorities of Morocco reported that the large majority of those identified as victims of trafficking in persons between 2017 and 2018 were Moroccan nationals (312 out of 338 victims) who were domestically trafficked.

Source: The National Authorities of Morocco.

29 − Oman −

The current legislation on trafficking in persons in Oman, the Human Trafficking Act of 2008, covers all forms of trafficking indicated in the UN Trafficking in Persons Protocol.

Investigations and suspects

Number of cases of trafficking in persons recorded, 2016 – 2019

2016 2017 2018 2019

Source: Oman Public Prosecution.

2016 2017 2018 2019 Females 0 4 6 2 Males 11 29 13 5

Source: Oman Public Prosecution.

30 Number of persons prosecuted and convicted of trafficking in persons, by sex, 2016 – 2019

Prosecuted Convicted Prosecuted Convicted Prosecuted Convicted Prosecuted Convicted 2016 2017 2018 2019 Females 3 0 6 0 0 4 0 0 Males 11 3 16 10 0 1 0 0

Source: Oman Public Prosecution.

Between 2016 and 2019, all offenders were convicted of trafficking in persons for the purpose of sexual exploitation. In addition, the Oman Public Prosecution office reported that no one was convicted of trafficking in persons in 2019.

Source: Oman Public Prosecution.

Victims

Between 2016 and 2018, 14 women were identified as victims of trafficking in persons in Oman. In the same period, all the victims identified were trafficked for the purpose of sexual exploitation.

Source: Oman Public Prosecution.

31 − Qatar −

The current legislation on trafficking in persons in Qatar, introduced in 2011, criminalizes trafficking for sexual exploitation and forced labour of both adults and children.

The National Authorities of Qatar reported that no cases of trafficking in persons were filed between 2017 and 2018. No victim of trafficking was equally identified in the reporting period.

Source: Planning & Statistics Authority (PSA).

32 − Sudan −

The current legislation on trafficking in persons in Sudan covers all forms of trafficking indicated in the UN Trafficking in Persons Protocol.

Investigations and suspects

Between 2017 and 2018, a total of 110 cases of trafficking in persons was reported. In the same period, 244 persons were brought before the police on suspicion of the crime (231 men, 11 women, and two children). During the same years, 124 persons were prosecuted, all but one offender were male, and 210 convictions were recorded, with 204 men and six women convicted. Of these, 106 were Sudanese nationals and 70 were citizens of Eritrea.

Source: Office of Public Prosecution.

Victims

Between 2017 and 2018, a total of 421 victims of trafficking in persons were identified. The Government reported that the following number of victims were transferred to secure homes and provided with psychological and medical assistance: 256 men, 128 women, 20 girls, and 17 boys. Among them, 195 out 421 were citizens of Eritrea.

Source: Office of Public Prosecution.

33 − The Syrian Arab Republic −

The current legislation on trafficking in persons in the Syrian Arab Republic, Legislative Decree 3 of 2010, covers all forms of trafficking indicated in the UN Trafficking in Persons Protocol.

Investigations and suspects

2014 2015 2016 2017 Females 17 24 18 27 Males 40 36 58 45

Source: Records of the Directorate for Combating Trafficking in Persons

**Formal contact with the police and/or criminal justice system may include persons suspected, arrested, or cautioned at the national level.

Number of persons prosecuted for trafficking in persons, by sex, 2014 – 2017

2014 2015 2016 2017 Females 17 16 22 36 Males 46 110 171 109

Source: Records of the Directorate for Combating Trafficking in Persons.

34 − Tunisia −

The current legislation on trafficking in persons in Tunisia, the Law No. 2016-61, covers all forms of trafficking indicated in the UN Trafficking in Persons Protocol.

Investigations and suspects

Number of cases of trafficking in persons reported, 2017 – 2018

383

285

2017 2018