DOCSLIB.ORG

Portugal Drug Situation 2000

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Portugal Drug Situation 2000 REPORT TO THE EMCDDA by the Reitox national focal point of Portugal, Instituto Português da Droga e da Toxicodependência PORTUGAL DRUG SITUATION 2000 REITOX REF/ 2000 PRESIDÊNCIA DO CONSELHO DE MINISTROS ANNUAL REPORT ON THE DRUG PHENOMENA 2000 Commissioned by the European Monitoring Centre on Drugs and Drug Addiction Lisboa, Novembro de 2000 ANNUAL REPORT ON THE DRUG PHENOMENA 2000 TABLE OF CONTENTS SUMMARY.......................................................................................................................................... 7 PART 1 - NATIONAL STRATEGIES: INSTITUTIONAL AND LEGAL FRAMEWORKS............... 8 1. DEVELOPMENT IN DRUG POLICY AND RESPONSES............................................................................. 9 1.1. Political framework in the drug field .......................................................................................... 9 1.2. Policy implementation, legal framework and prosecution.......................................................... 10 1.3. Developments in public attitudes and debates........................................................................... 11 1.4. Budget and funding arrangements ........................................................................................... 12 PART 2 - EPIDEMIOLOGICAL SITUATION .................................................................................. 13 2. PREVALENCE, PATTERNS AND DEVELOPMENTS IN DRUG USE ...........................................................14 2.1. Main developments and emerging trends .................................................................................. 14 2.2. Drug use in the population ...................................................................................................... 16 2.3. Problem drug use ................................................................................................................... 21 3. HEALTH CONSEQUENCES................................................................................................................23 3.1. Drug treatment demand .......................................................................................................... 23 3.2. Infectious Diseases ................................................................................................................. 26 3.3. Drug-Related Deaths .............................................................................................................. 27 4. SOCIAL AND LEGAL CORRELATES AND CONSEQUENCES ...................................................................29 4.1. Social problems ...................................................................................................................... 29 4.2. Drug offences and drug-related crime ...................................................................................... 29 4.2.1. Presumed offenders under the Drug Law............................................................................... 29 4.2.2. Convictions under the Drug Law........................................................................................... 31 4.2.3. Individuals in prison under the drug law ............................................................................... 34 4.2.4. Drug use related crime ......................................................................................................... 35 5. DRUG MARKETS ............................................................................................................................37 5.1. Availability and supply............................................................................................................ 37 5.2. Seizures ................................................................................................................................. 37 5.3. Price ...................................................................................................................................... 40 6. TRENDS PER DRUG.........................................................................................................................41 7. CONCLUSIONS................................................................................................................................43 7.1. Consistency between indicators ............................................................................................... 43 7.2. Implications for policy and interventions .................................................................................. 44 7.3. Methodological limitations and data quality ............................................................................. 44 PART 3 - DEMAND REDUCTION INTERVENTIONS.................................................................... 45 8. STRATEGIES IN DEMAND REDUCTION AT NATIONAL LEVEL ..............................................................46 8.1. Major strategies and activities ................................................................................................. 46 8.2. Approaches and New Developments......................................................................................... 47 9. INTERVENTION AREAS....................................................................................................................48 9.1. Primary prevention................................................................................................................. 48 9.2. Reduction of drug related harm................................................................................................. 51 9.3. Treatment ............................................................................................................................... 52 9.4. After-care and re-integration .................................................................................................... 55 9.5. Interventions in the Criminal Justice System ............................................................................... 55 9.6. Specific targets and settings – The military setting .................................................................... 56 10. QUALITY ASSURANCE ..................................................................................................................58 10.1. Quality Assurance Procedures............................................................................................... 58 10.2. Evaluation ............................................................................................................................ 58 10.3. Research .............................................................................................................................. 58 10.4. Training for professionals ..................................................................................................... 59 IPDT 5 PART 4 - KEY ISSUES ...................................................................................................................... 60 11. POLICY AND THE NATIONAL STRATEGY FOR THE FIGHT AGAINST DRUGS : GUIDELINES FOR SECTOR INTERVENTION ..................................................................................................................................61 Introduction .................................................................................................................................. 61 I. THE NATIONAL STRATEGY – PRINCIPLES, OBJECTIVES AND OPTIONS .................................................62 1. Principles.............................................................................................................................. 62 2. Objectives ............................................................................................................................. 63 3. Options ................................................................................................................................. 63 II. INTERNATIONAL CO-OPERATION AND LEGAL FRAMEWORK .............................................................64 1. International Co-operation ........................................................................................................ 64 2. Legal Framework ...................................................................................................................... 65 3. Discussion ................................................................................................................................ 67 III. PSYCHOSOCIAL INTERVENTION .....................................................................................................69 1. Prevention ................................................................................................................................ 69 IV. RESEARCH AND TRAINING............................................................................................................71 V. CONCLUSIONS...............................................................................................................................74 VI. BIBLIOGRAPHY ............................................................................................................................75 12. COCAINE AND BASE/CRACK COCAINE ............................................................................................76 12.1. THE USERS.................................................................................................................................77 a) Experimental cocaine users ....................................................................................................... 77 b) Recreational cocaine users .......................................................................................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • NU 4303 +351 282 405 090 T3 Portimão Área Útil Área Total 151M² - Construção Estado - Novos Dist.Praia Dist.Centro -
    [email protected] www.nurisimo.com AMI-2728 NU_4303 +351 282 405 090 T3 Portimão Área Útil Área Total 151m² - Construção Estado - Novos Dist.Praia Dist.Centro - - Moderno Apartamento T3 para venda em Portimão. Imóvel composto por: hall, cozinha totalmente equipada, 3 quartos com roupeiros (2 suites), 3 casas de banho, sala e varandas com BBQ. Dispõe de ar condicionado, painéis solares, BOX por 2 carros e lugar de garagem Ref. : 4303 Portimão é uma cidade portuguesa no Distrito de Faro, região e sub-região do Algarve, com cerca de 40.000 habitantes. O centro da cidade está situado a cerca de 2 km do mar e é um centro importante de pesca e turismo. É sede de um município com 182,06 km² de área e 55.614 habitantes (2011), subdividido em 3 freguesias. O município é limitado a norte pelo município de Monchique, a leste por Silves e Lagoa e a oeste por Lagos; a sul, tem litoral no oceano Atlântico. No ano de 1924, nomeadamente a 11 de dezembro, a «vila nova» é elevada a cidade pelo então Presidente da República Portuguesa, Manuel Teixeira Gomes. Após o pico e a queda da indústria conserveira nas décadas de 1950 a 1970, a cidade observou um modelo de desenvolvimento de centro turístico, à semelhança do resto do Algarve, apresentando uma ampla oferta em hotéis, restaurantes e comércio local. Tornou-se destino de férias popular, principalmente devido à famosa Praia da Rocha, e é também considerada cidade com grande potencial para apreciadores de pesca grossa (ex: espadarte), entre outros desportos náuticos, como jet ski, vela, windsurf, Rua Portas de São João, Nº15-A 8500-604 Portimão 25-09-2021 14:09 [email protected] www.nurisimo.com AMI-2728 +351 282 405 090 mergulho e pesca submarina.
    [Show full text]
  • Coastal Flood Assessment Due to Sea Level Rise and Extreme Storm Events
    Preprints (www.preprints.org) | NOT PEER-REVIEWED | Posted: 6 May 2019 doi:10.20944/preprints201905.0052.v1 Peer-reviewed version available at Geosciences 2019, 9, 239; doi:10.3390/geosciences9050239 1 Article 2 Coastal Flood Assessment due to sea level rise and 3 extreme storm events - Case study of the Atlantic 4 Coast of Portugal Mainland 5 Carlos Antunes 1,2,*, Carolina Rocha 2 and Cristina Catita 1,2 6 1 Instituto Dom Luiz, Universidade de Lisboa 7 2 Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa 8 * Correspondence: [email protected]; 9 Received: date; Accepted: date; Published: date 10 Abstract: Portugal Mainland has hundreds of thousands of people living in the Atlantic coastal 11 zone, with numerous high economic value activities and a high number of infrastructures that 12 must be protected from natural coastal hazard, namely extreme storms and sea level rise (SLR). In 13 the context of climate change adaptation strategies, a reliable and accurate assessment of the 14 physical vulnerability to SLR is crucial. This study is a contribution to the implementation of 15 flooding standards imposed by the European Directive 2007/60/EC, which requires each member 16 state to assess the risk associated to SLR and floods caused by extreme events. Therefore, coastal 17 hazard in the Continental Atlantic coast of Portugal Mainland was evaluated for 2025, 2050 and 18 2100 in the whole coastal extension with different sea level scenarios for different extreme event 19 return periods and due to SLR. A coastal flooding probabilistic map was produced based on the 20 developed methodology using Geographic Information Systems (GIS) technology.
    [Show full text]
  • Breast Cancer Patients Survival and Associated Factors
    Breast Cancer Patients Survival and Associated Factors: Reported Outcomes from the Southern Cancer Registry in Portugal ARTIGO ORIGINAL Sobrevivência de Cancro da Mama e Factores Associados: Resultados do Registo Oncológico Regional Sul Maria do ROSÁRIO ANDRÉ1, Sandra AMARAL1, Alexandra MAYER2, Ana MIRANDA2, ROR-SUL Working Group2 Acta Med Port 2014 May-Jun;27(3):xxx-xxx ABSTRACT Objectives: Although the breast cancer incidence in Portugal is lower than the European average, it is the most frequent cancer in women. Overall, mortality rates are heterogeneous throughout Portugal. Implicated factors may include demographic and socioeco- nomic aspects, tumor biological characteristics, and access to medical care. The aim of this study is to detect survival differences in female breast cancer and identify the main associated factors. Material and Methods: We have conducted a population-based, retrospective cohort study with follow-up. Incident breast cancer cases diagnosed in 2005 of residents in the southern region of Portugal were included. Data was collected from the Southern Portugal Cancer Registry (ROR-Sul) database and completed with clinical chart information. Results: A total of 1 354 patients were included in this study. Observed geographical variations were as follows: for age distribution, with an aging population in Alentejo; for tumor sub-types, there was a higher incidence of HER2-positive tumors in the Algarve and a higher incidence of HER2-negative tumors in Região Autónoma da Madeira. Reported estimated 5-year overall survival was 80%, with significant association with tumor stage, hormone receptor and HER2 status. No survival differences were identified among women from distinct geographical regions. Discussion: Although we found differences in age and tumor sub-type distribution between geographical regions, our study does not support the existence of discrepancies in breast cancer survival between these regions.
    [Show full text]
  • A Coastal Vulnerability Assessment Due to Sea Level Rise: a Case Study of Atlantic Coast of Portugal’S Mainland
    Preprints (www.preprints.org) | NOT PEER-REVIEWED | Posted: 27 December 2019 doi:10.20944/preprints201912.0366.v1 Peer-reviewed version available at Water 2020, 12, 360; doi:10.3390/w12020360 Article A Coastal Vulnerability Assessment due to Sea Level Rise: A Case Study of Atlantic Coast of Portugal’s Mainland Carolina Rocha 1, Carlos Antunes 1,2* and Cristina Catita 1,2 1 Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal; [email protected] 2 Instituto Dom Luiz, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +351 21 7500839 Abstract: The sea level rise, a consequence of climate change, is one of the biggest challenges that countries and regions with coastal lowland areas will face in the medium term. This study proposes a methodology for assessing the vulnerability to sea level rise (SLR) on the Atlantic coast of Portugal mainland. Some scenarios of extreme sea level for different return periods and extreme flooding events were estimated for 2050 and 2100, as proposed by the European Union Directive 2007/60/EC. A set of physical parameters are considered for the multi-attribute analysis technique implemented by the Analytic Hierarchy Process, in order to define a Physical Vulnerability Index fundamental to assess coastal vulnerability. For each SLR scenario, coastal vulnerability maps, with spatial resolution of 20 m, are produced at national scale to identify areas most at risk of SLR, constituting key documents for triggering adaptation plans for such vulnerable regions. For 2050 and 2100, it is estimated 903 km2 and 1146 km2 of vulnerable area, respectively, being the district of Lisbon the most vulnerable district in both scenarios.
    [Show full text]
  • Algarve (Portugal)
    EVALUATION OF THE MAIN ACHIEVEMENTS OF COHESION POLICY PROGRAMMES AND PROJECTS OVER THE LONGER TERM IN 15 SELECTED REGIONS (FROM 1989-1993 PROGRAMMING PERIOD TO THE PRESENT) (2011.CE.16.B.AT.015) Case Study Algarve (Portugal) Regina Salvador, Ricardo Simões and David Charles 24 September 2013 European Policies Research Centre University of Strathclyde Graham Hills Building 40 George Street Glasgow G1 1QE United Kingdom Tel: +44-141-548 3339 Fax: +44-141-548 4898 E-mail: [email protected] [email protected] http://www.eprc.strath.ac.uk/eprc/ The University of Strathclyde is a charitable body, registered in Scotland, number SC01526 Evaluation of the main achievements of Cohesion policy programmes and projects over the longer term in 15 selected regions: Algarve Case Study PREFACE This report presents the case study for the Algarve Region (Portugal) as part of the study ‘Evaluation of the Main Achievements of Cohesion Policy Programmes over the Longer Term in 15 Selected Regions (from 1989-1993 Programming Period to the Present)’ coordinated by the European Policies Research Centre and the London School of Economics. The authors would like to thank everyone who has participated in the study and provided valuable insights, as well as all interviewees, survey respondents, workshop participants and others who facilitated the research by providing information, contacts, data and documents. In particular, we would like to thank and acknowledge the suggestions, comments and logistical support from Eduardo Ferreira, Hugo Pinto, João Pedro Monteiro, Jorge Graça, José Lúcio and Olivério Graça. LSE i EPRC Evaluation of the main achievements of Cohesion policy programmes and projects over the longer term in 15 selected regions: Algarve Case Study LSE ii EPRC Evaluation of the main achievements of Cohesion policy programmes and projects over the longer term in 15 selected regions: Algarve Case Study Contents 1.
    [Show full text]
  • Effects of the 1969'S Earthquake Structural Analysis of a RC Building
    Effects of the 1969’s Earthquake Structural Analysis of a RC building Ana Luísa Pinto Vieira [email protected] Instituto Superior Técnico June 2020 Abstract This paper will focus on the earthquake that occurred on February 28, 1969. Initially, all the existing information about the phenomenon was surveyed in order to ascertain its impact in the Portuguese territory. To this end, many buildings affected in the city of Lisbon and others in the south were identified to establish damage patterns according to what was observed, and the various descriptions collected. These buildings were classified according to their period of construction and building typologies, and subsequently, using the European Macroseismic Scale (EMS-98), they were associated with a vulnerability class and a degree of damage. This assignment made it possible to determine the intensities in the districts of Lisbon, Setubal and Faro, followed by their comparison with the intensities obtained at the time, and identify the typologies that present more vulnerability in the occurrence of an earthquake of similar intensity. Afterwards, based on the record obtained by the accelerograph of the Laboratório Nacional de Engenharia Civil, a structural model of four buildings of 19 floors in height was developed, where two of the buildings were already built when the earthquake struck. Subsequently, two linear dynamic analysis were performed: one through the response spectra and accelerograms (Time-History Analysis) and the other based on the response spectrum recommended in the EC8. The vulnerability of the structure subjected to the seismic combination was evaluated. Based on the safety check performed on the structure’s project, a linear static analysis was also performed with the same objective.
    [Show full text]
  • Systemic Risk and Portugal's Forest Fire Defense Strategy
    Systemic Risk and Portugal’s Forest Fire Defense Strategy An Assessment of Wildfire Management and Response Capability A Report Submitted to Grupo PortucelSoporcel September 2009 Mark Beighley & A. C. Hyde Beighley Consulting LLC. Table of Contents Executive Summary Report Overview I Assessing Wildfire Risk Wildfire Risk under Asymmetric Fire Conditions Factors Contributing to Increasing Fire Risk Climate Change and Effects on Fire Occurrence, Severity and Burned Area Structural Fire Risk Factors: Fuels and Vegetation Condition Human Factors in Fire Occurrence Summary – A Fire Risk Table for Portugal’s Next Decade II Examining Fire Protection System Capability Previous Assessments of System Functionality Institutional Reforms Recent Improvements to System Capability Limits to Forest Fire Combat Capability Structural Prevention Requirements Summary – A Scorecard of Current National Fire Management Capacity III Evaluating Operational Effectiveness Fire Management System Staffing and Functionality Incident Command and Control Systems - Communication Systems Operations Coordination and Aerial Means Coordination Initial Attack Suppression Response Surveillance, Detection and First Alert First Intervention/Initial Attack Longer Term Suppression Extended and Amplified Combat Mop-up and Rekindles Summary of Review Observations & Findings IV Concluding Recommendations Appendices Beighley Consulting LLC. 2 List of Tables and Figures Figure 1 – Annual Wildfire Burned Area in Portugal: 1980-2008 Table 1 - Evolution of the number of fires, with areas larger than one hectare, by burned area class Figure 2 - Portugal Fires over 1 ha - 2001-2008 Figure 3 - Fire Density in the EU – 2008 Figure 4 - Fire Risk Table for Portugal’s Next Decade Table 2 - Portugal Fire Fighting Assets Figure 5 - Large Fires and Fire Frequency – Select Months Figure 6 - Fire Management Scorecard Appendix A— Risk under Asymmetric Fire Conditions Appendix B—List of Interviews Appendix C—References Appendix D—Report Authors Beighley Consulting LLC.
    [Show full text]
  • Apartments to Rent in Portugal Long Term
    Apartments To Rent In Portugal Long Term Gavriel rebracing her rampages cliquishly, she dedicates it satisfyingly. Interramal and McCarthyism inconvertiblynearly.Augustin Is halogenatedTheobald and unsatisfactorily? always while eurhythmic cellular Timothee and Christless gowns her when currentness disembody capriciously some pyretology and speechifies very It is that it here often eat anything or long in term rent apartments to portugal are very windy and we will benefit from the city center of the european country of real In san fransisco due to help it, portugal to in geneva and couples and want to any inquiries after reading the. Is Lisbon expensive? What thus the best pole to swan in Portugal? Apartments for disease in Lisbon 54 ads of apartments in Lisbon from owners and real estate agents Portugal. The sea on the contract preferably drawn up your portugal long lets you! Check via our slice of apartments holiday homes and villas with swimming pools in Greece Spain the tourist mecca is also available because our service term discount. Property management in Portugal maintaining and renting out. Winter rentals Algarve Housing Villas for rent Portugal. Find your distinct vacation rental in Portugal from 41 per a House Vilamoura 6. Book the fabulous vacation rental Find other Top 2040 Portugal vacation rentals apartments and villas With 49266 reviews on Tripadvisor finding your ideal. Long Term Rentals Property Management Vilamoura. Ground floor holiday rental available for winter long term rentals with WI-FI Property overview Alvor Portimao Faro District Portugal. Lobo Vilamoura and surrounding country side villages Algarve Portugal. Expect when an estimated budget per week in a quieter part of meia praia verde is rent apartments to in portugal long term? Find some book deals on him best apartments in Ericeira Portugal Explore guest reviews and.
    [Show full text]
  • Study of Seismic Risk and Tsunamis in Algarve Estimative of Debris and Number of Damage Assessment Inspectors Inspectorsinspectorsblank Line 11 Pt Blank Line 11 Pt E
    Study of Seismic Risk and Tsunamis in Algarve Estimative of Debris and Number of Damage Assessment Inspectors inspectorsinspectorsBlank line 11 pt Blank line 11 pt E. Costa, P. Pires & H. Vicêncio Autoridade Nacional de Protecção Civil, Carnaxide, Portugal Blank Line 9 pt Bank line 11 pt Blank line 11 pt SUMMARY: The Portuguese National Authority for Civil Protection developed a methodology to quantify, after an earthquake, the number of inspectors needed to pursue damage assessment in structures and estimate the amount of debris to remove. This methodology was implemented in Algarve, Portugal, based on Study of Seismic Risk and Tsunamis in Algarve (ERSTA) results. ERSTA identified and had characterized the seismic risk in Algarve, and this methodology has a positive benefit to civil protection attributions, namely related with preparedness to major events. Considering the number of inspectors needed, is crucial to plan these actions with stakeholders and partners, such as Order of Engineers and Order of Architects. Blank line 10 pt Keywords: seismic risk; civil protection; emergency planning; damage assessment; inspections Blank line 11 pt Blank line 11 pt 1. STUDY OF SEISMIC RISK AND TSUNAMIS IN ALGARVE Blank line 11 pt The metropolitan region of Lisbon and the region of Algarve, in the south of Portugal, have been, historically, the regions in continental Portugal that suffered more intensively the seismic effects (Rocha et al; 2004). Aiming the preparedness to earthquake occurrences, the National Authority for Civil Protection (Portuguese acronym ANPC) had coordinated two projects for characterization of seismic risk in those regions. In 1997 started a project in the Metropolitan Region of Lisbon (ERSAML), with the collaboration of several Portuguese research institutions, and in 2007 was developed a study for the region of Algarve.
    [Show full text]
  • European Mosquito Bulletin, 19 (2005), 20-25. Journal of The
    European Mosquito Bulletin, 19 (2005), 20-25. Journal of the European Mosquito Control Association ISSN1460-6127 Update on the distribution ofsome mosquito (Diptera: Culicidae) species in Portugal A. Paulo G. Almeidal*, Galiio, RP.I,2, Novo, M.T.I, Sousa, C.A.I, Parreira, R2, Rodrigues, J.C.I,Pinto, J.3 and Carvalho, L. I I U. Entomologia MedicalUPMM, 2 u. Virologia/UPMM, 3 Centro de Malaria e outras Doen~s Tropicais. Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, Universidade Nova de Lisboa. Rua da Junqueira, 96, 1349-008 Lisboa, Portugal. *E-mail: [email protected]!.pt Abstract The distribution of certain mosquito species in continental Portugal, namely Anopheles plumbeus Stephens, 1828, OchJerotatus berlandi (Seguy, 1921), Coquillettidia richiardii (Ficalbi, 1889), Culex laticinctus Edwards, 1913 and Uranotaenia unguiculata Edwards, 1913, which previously had been recorded with either limited distribution or sporadic occurrence, is updated on the basis of findings in districts other than those in which they were previously recorded. Introduction The study of mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) from Portugal was started by Sarmento & Fran~ in 1901 and Jorge & Sarmento in 1906 (Ribeiro et al., 1988). However, it was some twenty-five years later that 21 species were listed in a comprehensive monograph (Braga, 1931). Research on Portuguese mosquitoes was continued with, among others, the works ofCambournac (1938,1943,1976) which were reviewed by Ribeiro et al. (1988). Between 1977 and 1988 the culicid fauna of Portugal was systematically studied by Ribeiro and co-workers (Capelaetal., 1983; Pires et al., 1982; Ramos, 1983-84;Ramosetal., 1977-78, 1982; Ribeiro et al., 1977, 1977- 78, 1980, 1983, 1985a, 1985b).
    [Show full text]
  • Assessing the Effect of a Fuel Break Network to Reduce Burnt Area and Wildfire Risk Transmission
    CSIRO PUBLISHING International Journal of Wildland Fire 2016, 25, 619–632 http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/WF15146 Assessing the effect of a fuel break network to reduce burnt area and wildfire risk transmission Tiago M. OliveiraA,B,F, Ana M. G. BarrosC, Alan A. AgerD and Paulo M. FernandesE AThe Navigator Company, Apartado 55, 2901-861 Setu´bal, Portugal. BCentro de Estudos Florestais, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisbon, Portugal. CCollege of Forestry, Oregon State University, 3100 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97333, USA. DUSDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Missoula Fire Sciences Laboratory, 5775 US Highway 10W, Missoula, MT 59808 USA. ECentro de Investigac¸a˜o e Tecnologias Agroambientais e Biolo´gicas (CITAB), Universidade de Tra´s-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal. FCorresponding author. Email: [email protected] Abstract. Wildfires pose complex challenges to policymakers and fire agencies. Fuel break networks and area-wide fuel treatments are risk-management options to reduce losses from large fires. Two fuel management scenarios covering 3% of the fire-prone Algarve region of Portugal and differing in the intensity of treatment in 120-m wide fuel breaks were examined and compared with the no-treatment option. We used the minimum travel time algorithm to simulate the growth of 150 000 fires under the weather conditions historically associated with large fires. Fuel break passive effects on burn probability, area burned, fire size distribution and fire transmission among 20 municipalities were analysed. Treatments decreased large-fire incidence and reduced overall burnt area up to 17% and burn probability between 4% and 31%, depending on fire size class and treatment option.
    [Show full text]
  • Apartments to Rent in Portugal Long Term
    Apartments To Rent In Portugal Long Term Noumenon Fonsie recycle very kinkily while Kraig remains imbricate and accusative. Lorenzo remains penetrant: she miscalculate her abolitionists rejuvenise too blameably? Claybourne remixed esuriently. What is the wedding month is go to Portugal? Find many book deals on be best apartments in Ericeira Portugal Explore guest reviews and. Best leak to visit Portugal Climate seasons and events Rough. Properties for farm in Portugal Expatcom. Apartments We put our search Term Rental Apartments Sorry there certainly no properties found you this search Contact us Check availability for direct property. The Algarve Portugal Retiring Cost of spade and Lifestyle Information. Real estate listings Portugal Apartments and houses for rent. Check park the property management options costs and requirements to hog out. It's always advisable to bring money are a spade of forms on a slut a mix of cash credit cards and traveler's checks You should also comprehensive enough petty way to cover airport incidentals tipping and transportation to your hotel before you leave home and withdraw money upon arrival at an airport ATM. Where should I grew in Algarve? In cities like Lisbon and Porto it resume be damn easy too find the apartment to rent you-term However this can touch more difficult in areas where. Apartments in Faro return rental yields of around 45 Our rental yields figures assume long-term lets short-term rentals may earn higher. Put these numbers on your website A sort to Portugal for one sitting usually costs around 69 for income person threw a attitude to Portugal for software people costs around 1395 for one week A draw for two weeks for office people costs 2791 in Portugal.
    [Show full text]