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Algarve (Portugal) EVALUATION OF THE MAIN ACHIEVEMENTS OF COHESION POLICY PROGRAMMES AND PROJECTS OVER THE LONGER TERM IN 15 SELECTED REGIONS (FROM 1989-1993 PROGRAMMING PERIOD TO THE PRESENT) (2011.CE.16.B.AT.015) Case Study Algarve (Portugal) Regina Salvador, Ricardo Simões and David Charles 24 September 2013 European Policies Research Centre University of Strathclyde Graham Hills Building 40 George Street Glasgow G1 1QE United Kingdom Tel: +44-141-548 3339 Fax: +44-141-548 4898 E-mail: [email protected] [email protected] http://www.eprc.strath.ac.uk/eprc/ The University of Strathclyde is a charitable body, registered in Scotland, number SC01526 Evaluation of the main achievements of Cohesion policy programmes and projects over the longer term in 15 selected regions: Algarve Case Study PREFACE This report presents the case study for the Algarve Region (Portugal) as part of the study ‘Evaluation of the Main Achievements of Cohesion Policy Programmes over the Longer Term in 15 Selected Regions (from 1989-1993 Programming Period to the Present)’ coordinated by the European Policies Research Centre and the London School of Economics. The authors would like to thank everyone who has participated in the study and provided valuable insights, as well as all interviewees, survey respondents, workshop participants and others who facilitated the research by providing information, contacts, data and documents. In particular, we would like to thank and acknowledge the suggestions, comments and logistical support from Eduardo Ferreira, Hugo Pinto, João Pedro Monteiro, Jorge Graça, José Lúcio and Olivério Graça. LSE i EPRC Evaluation of the main achievements of Cohesion policy programmes and projects over the longer term in 15 selected regions: Algarve Case Study LSE ii EPRC Evaluation of the main achievements of Cohesion policy programmes and projects over the longer term in 15 selected regions: Algarve Case Study Contents 1. INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................ 5 2. REGIONAL CONTEXT AND ANALYSIS OF NEEDS ......................................................... 9 3. PROGRAMME EVOLUTION AND RELEVANCE ........................................................... 19 3.1 Explicit and implicit strategies and their evolution ................................................ 19 3.1.1 1989-1993: The launching for Regional Development .......................................... 19 3.1.2 1994-1999: Regional development consolidation ................................................ 22 3.1.3 2000-2006: Regional development empowerment .............................................. 24 3.1.4 2007-2013: the Algarve as a Phasing-Out Region ................................................ 25 3.2 Relevance of programmes to regional needs ........................................................ 27 4. EXPENDITURE ANALYSIS ................................................................................... 33 4.1 Financial allocations ..................................................................................... 33 4.2 Expenditure compared with allocations .............................................................. 35 5. ACHIEVEMENTS ANALYSIS ................................................................................. 43 5.1 Reported & actual achievements ...................................................................... 43 5.1.1 Programme-level achievements .................................................................... 43 5.1.2 Analysis by theme ..................................................................................... 52 5.1.3 Institutional factors affecting achievements .................................................... 79 5.2 Complementarities and synergies ..................................................................... 82 5.2.1 Complementarity between ERDF and other EU-funded programmes ........................ 82 5.2.2 Complementarity with domestic regional policy .................................................... 83 6. ASSESSMENT OF ACHIEVEMENTS AGAINST OBJECTIVES AND NEEDS (EFFECTIVENESS AND UTILITY) .............................................................................................................. 87 6.1 Overall achievements of ERDF programmes measured against programme objectives (effectiveness) ............................................................................................ 87 6.2 Overall contribution of ERDF programmes to regional development (utility) ................. 94 6.3 Key elements of success and failure .................................................................. 96 6.3.1 Good practices and successes ....................................................................... 96 6.3.2 Bad practices and failings ........................................................................... 97 7. CONCLUSIONS ............................................................................................... 101 8. ANNEX I – ANALYSIS OF PROJECT SAMPLES .......................................................... 109 8.1 Algarve Marinas ......................................................................................... 109 8.2 The Cork Route, a unique tourist product ......................................................... 115 8.3 Revitalising the inland Villages of the Algarve .................................................... 119 8.4 The Wholesale Market of Faro........................................................................ 124 9. ANNEX II – STRUCTURE OF PROGRAMMES 1989-2013 IN ALGARVE ............................. 131 10. ANNEX III: REPORTED ACHIEVEMENTS ................................................................. 137 10.1 1989-1993 Algarve Regional Operational Programmes (East and West Algarve) ............ 137 10.2 1994-1999 Regional Operational Programme (PROA) ............................................ 140 10.3 2000-2006 Regional Operational Programme (PROALGARVE) ................................... 141 10.4 2007-2013 Regional Operational Programme (ALGARVEXXI) .................................... 146 11. ANNEX IV: LIST OF INTERVIEWEES ..................................................................... 149 12. ANNEX V: OVERVIEW OF SOURCES USED FOR THE CASE STUDY ................................. 152 13. ANNEX VI: REFERENCES .................................................................................. 154 LSE iii EPRC Evaluation of the main achievements of Cohesion policy programmes and projects over the longer term in 15 selected regions: Algarve Case Study 14. ANNEX VII: SUMMARY OF SURVEY RESULTS .......................................................... 163 LSE iv EPRC Evaluation of the main achievements of Cohesion policy programmes and projects over the longer term in 15 selected regions: Algarve Case Study Figures Figure 1: Algarve Region ............................................................................................ 5 Figure 2: Gross Domestic Product per capita .................................................................... 9 Figure 3: Gross Domestic Product per capita and Labour Productivity disparities in NUTS 2 regions in 2010 (PT average = 100)............................................................................................ 10 Figure 4: Area affected by forest fires from 1990 to 2012 ................................................... 13 Figure 5: Unemployment Rate .................................................................................... 14 Figure 6: The Portuguese 1989-1993 Programme .............................................................. 20 Figure 7: Geographical area of Eastern and the Western Algarve ROPs ................................... 21 Figure 8: The Portuguese 1994-1999 Programme ............................................................. 22 Figure 9: The Portuguese 2000-2006 Programme .............................................................. 24 Figure 10: The Algarve 2007-2013 ROP Structure .............................................................. 26 Figure 11: Community Support Frameworks per capita investment by NUTS 2 (Portugal=100) ....... 34 Figure 12: 1989-2013 NOP and ROP ERDF expenditure ....................................................... 35 Figure 13: 1989-2006 Total ERDF expenditure per year ...................................................... 36 Figure 14: 1989-2006 Percentage of ROPs and NOPs in total ERDF expenditure per year .............. 37 Figure 15: ERDF expenditure (NOPs + ROPs) by thematic priority (expressed as percentages) ....... 38 Figure 16: Main new roads in Portugal (1983-2009) ........................................................... 53 Figure 17: Algarve Main Regional Road .......................................................................... 54 Figure 18: Isochrones from the main urban centre of Algarve – Faro (1988/89-2009) .................. 55 Figure 19: Isochrones from Faro International Airport (1988/89-2009) .................................... 55 Figure 20: Isochrones from the frontier with Spain (1988/89-2009) ....................................... 55 Figure 21: Isochrones from Lisbon and Oporto (1988/89-2009) ............................................. 56 Figure 22: Evolution of the number of passengers in Faro International Airport (1966-2006) ......... 57 Figure 23: Portuguese Railway Network (2011) and “Alfa Pendular” Service (Braga-Oporto-Lisbon- Faro) ..................................................................................................................
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