DOCSLIB.ORG

Fifteen New Species of Angiosperms from Bidoup-Nui Ba National Park, Southern Highlands of Vietnam

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Fifteen New Species of Angiosperms from Bidoup-Nui Ba National Park, Southern Highlands of Vietnam ISSN 1346-7565 Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 71 (3): 201–229 (2020) doi: 10.18942/apg.202002 Fifteen New Species of Angiosperms from Bidoup-Nui Ba National Park, Southern Highlands of Vietnam 1,* 2 2 3 SHUICHIRO TAGANE , NGUYEN VAN NGOC , HOANG THI BINH , AI NAGAHAMA , 3 4 4 5 MENG ZHANG , TRUONG QUANG CUONG , LE VAN SON , VAN-SON DANG , 6 7 8 HIRONORI TOYAMA , NAtsUKI KOMADA , HIDETOSHI NAGAMASU AND 9 TEtsUKAZU YAHARA 1The Kagoshima University Museum, Kagoshima University, 1-21-30 Korimoto, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan. *[email protected] (author for correspondence); 2Faculty of science, Dalat University, 01 Phu Dong Thien Vuong, Dalat City, Lam Dong, Vietnam; 3Graduate School of Systems Life Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan; 4Bidoup-Nui Ba National Park, Lam Dong, Vietnam; 5The VNM Herbarium, Institute of Tropical Biology, Vast, 85 Tran Quoc Toan Street, District 3, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam; 6Center for Environmental Biology and Ecosystem Studies, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8506, Japan; 7Laboratory of Forest Resources and Society, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-oiwakecho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan; 8The Kyoto University Museum, Kyoto University, Yoshida Honmachi, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan; 9Kyushu Open University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan Fifteen new species of angiosperms, Ilex bidoupensis, I. hongiaoensis (Aquifoliaceae), Mastixia hongiaoensis (Cornaceae), Daphniphyllum hongiaoense (Daphniphyllaceae), Platea hongiaoensis (Icacinaceae), Neolitsea bidoupensis, N. hongiaoensis (Lauraceae), Nyssa bidoupensis, N. hongiaoensis (Nyssaceae), Eriobotrya hongiaoensis, Prunus hongiaoensis (Rosaceae), Luvunga hongiaoensis (Ruta- ceae), Illicium viridiflorum (Schisandraceae), Symplocos hongiaoensis (Symplocaceae) and Alpinia hongiaoensis (Zingiberaceae), from the Hon Giao area in Bidoup-Nui Ba National Park, Lam Dong Province, in the southern highlands of Vietnam, are described and illustrated. Keywords: Angiosperms, flora, Indochina, new species, taxonomy, Vietnam Bidoup-Nui Ba National Park, established in located on a mountain ridge that suddenly de- 2004 and covering ca. 70,038 ha of Langbian Pla- scends towards South China Sea at the eastern teau, is located in Lam Dong Province, in the edge of Bidoup-Nui Ba National Park. The dis- central highlands of Vietnam (Fig. 1). The eleva- tance between Hon Giao and the sea is about 50 tion of the area varies from 800 m to 2,287 m at km. Warm moist air from the sea results in a high the peak of Mt. Bidoup. The area is thickly cov- amount of rainfall that supports thick, montane ered with subtropical evergreen rainforests and evergreen broad-leaved forests (Vu & Xia 2011) low montane subtropical forests and is famous for and primary broad-leaved, evergreen, humid its high species diversity (Bidoup-Nui Ba Nation- montane forests (Duy & Averyanov 2015) domi- al Park 2018). The flora is composed of a mixture nated by species of trees of Araliaceae, Clusia- of Himalayan, Chinese, Indochinese and Malay- ceae, Cornaceae, Fagaceae, Lauraceae, Magnoli- sian elements (Averyanov et al. 2003), including aceae, Myrtaceae, Nyssaceae and Symplocaceae. valuable and rare species and genetic resources The unique flora has attracted many botanists. (Ban et al. 2007, Bidoup-Nui Ba National Park Recent botanical inventories of the area have re- 2018). sulted in the discovery eight new species of vas- Hon Giao area (elevation 1,630–2,050 m) is cular plants endemic to Hon Giao and adjacent 202 Acta Phytotax. Geobot. Vol. 71 Materials and methods To verify that the species were distinct, we consulted herbarium specimens at BKF, FOF, FU, HNL, KAG, KYO, RAF, TI, TNS and VNM, specimen images on the web (e.g. JSTOR Global Plant, https://plants.jstor.org/), taxonomic litera- ture on particular groups and regional floras, in- cluding the Illustrated Flora of Vietnam (Hô 1999–2003), the Flore du Cambodge, du Laos et du Vietnam (Aubréville et al. 1960–present), the Flora of China (Wu et al. 1994–2013) and the Flora of Thailand (Smitinand & Larsen et al. 1970–present). Voucher specimens have been de- posited in the herbaria of Dalat University, Dalat (DLU), Kyushu University, Fukuoka (FU), some in the Forest Herbarium, Bangkok (BKF), some in the Kagoshima University Museum, Kagoshi- ma (KAG) and in the Kyoto University Museum (KYO). Taxonomic treatments FIG. 1. Location of Bidoup-Nui Ba National Park. Aquifoliaceae areas: Adinandra hongiaoensis Son & L. V. Dung Ilex bidoupensis Yahara & Tagane, sp. nov. — (Pentaphylacaceae, Son & Dung 2014), Billolivia Fig. 2A–D. kyi Luu & G. Tran (Gesneriaceae, Luu et al. Ilex bidopuensis resembles Ilex chevalieri Merr. but dif- 2015), Bulbophyllum bidoupense Aver. & N. V. fers in having fewer secondary veins (3–5 pairs vs. 6–7 Duy (Orchidaceae, Duy & Averyanov 2015), pairs), longer petioles [(0.8–)1–1.6 cm long vs. 0.5–0.9 cm Dendrobium trankimianum T. Yukawa (Orchida- long)] and glabrous calyx lobes (vs. puberulent). Typus. VIETNAM. Lam Dong Province. Bidoup-Nui ceae, Yukawa 2004), Garcinia hopii H. Toyama Ba National Park: Hon Giao, in wet evergreen forest, & V. S. Dang (Clusiaceae, Toyama et al. 2017), 1,620 m elev., 12°11′14.83″N, 108°42′52.20″E, 22 Apr. Magnolia bidoupensis Q. N. Vu (Magnoliaceae, 2019, T. Yahara, S. Tagane, A. Nagahama, N. Komada, H. Vu & Xia 2011), Nianhochloa bidoupensis H. N. V. Thanh V9851 [fl.] (holo- KYO!, iso- DLU!, FU!, KAG!). Nguyen & V. T. Tran (Poaceae, Nguyen & Tran Trees, evergreen, to 10 m tall with GBH (girth at 2012) and Siliquamomum oreodoxa N. S. Lý & breast height) 23.5 cm. Young twigs greenish in Škorničk. (Zingiberaceae, Lý et al. 2010). vivo, dark reddish brown when dry, glabrous, old Since 2011, we conducted field surveys to as- twigs grayish brown, with minute lenticels. Stip- sess the plant diversity in Bidoup-Nui Ba Nation- ules triangular, 0.5–0.7 mm long, glabrous. al Park (Tagane et al. 2017, Toyama et al. 2017, Leaves alternate; blade 2.4–6.8 × 1.2–2.9 cm, Binh et al. 2018, Nagahama et al. 2019) and col- thinly leathery, greenish, drying dark reddish lected 3,468 specimens. In this study, we describe brown adaxially, dull grayish yellow abaxially, 15 new species in 11 families based on collections glabrous on both surfaces, punctate abaxially, from Hon Giao. apex acuminate to caudate, acumen to 1.3 cm long, base broadly cuneate, acute, or rounded, October 2020 TAGANE & AL. — Fifteen New Species from Southern Vietnam 203 FIG. 2. Ilex bidoupensis Yahara & Tagane (A–D). A: Flowering branch. B: Lower leaf surface. C: Leafy twig. D: Staminate inflorescence.Ilex hongiaoensis Tagane (E–I). E: Fruiting twig. F: Lower leaf surface. G: Fruit. H: Transverse section of fruit. I: Fruit pericarp removed showing pyrenes. Photographs A, B & D from Yahara et al. V9851 taken on 22 Apr. 2019; C from Yahara et al. V8650 taken on 18 June 2018; E–I from Tagane et al. V9412 taken on 1 Oct. 2019; all taken by Shu- ichiro Tagane. 204 Acta Phytotax. Geobot. Vol. 71 margin entire, slightly recurved when dry, midrib Additional specimens examined. VIETNAM. Lam sunken or prominent only in basal ca. 1/3 adaxi- Dong Province. Bidoup-Nui Ba National Park: Hon Giao, in montane evergreen forest, 1,533 m elev., 12°10′34.7″N, ally, prominent abaxially, secondary veins 3–5 108°41′08.4″E, 21 Feb. 2016, S. Tagane et al. V3999 [ster.] pairs, invisible adaxially, faintly visible abaxial- (DLU, FU); same locality, 1,666 m elev., 12°11′12.0″N, ly, tertiary veins invisible on both surfaces; peti- 108°42′51.0″E, 18 June 2018, T. Yahara et al. V8650 [ster.] ole (0.8–)1–1.6 cm long, glabrous. Staminate in- (DLU, FU); —Khanh Hoa Province: Mt. Hon Ba, 1,498 m florescences 2–5-flowered in simple cymes or elev., 12°07′08.64″N, 108°56′51.99″E, 18 July 2013, S. Tagane et al. V308 [ster.] (FU, VNM, the herbarium of sometimes in compound cymes; peduncle 3–6 Hon Ba Nature Reserve); same locality, 17 July 2014, S. mm long, glabrous; bracts narrowly triangular, Tagane et al. V1732 [young fr.] (FU, VNM, herbarium of ca. 0.5 mm long. Staminate flowers whitish, Hon Ba Nature Reserve). 4-merous; calyx lobes 4 or rarely 5, broadly trian- gular to transversely triangular, ca. 0.3 mm long, glabrous, margin ciliolate; petals 4, ovate-oblong, Ilex hongiaoensis Tagane, sp. nov. —Fig. 2E–I. ca. 1.5 mm long, white, glabrous on both surfac- Ilex hongiaoensis is most similar to I. chapaensis Merr. es, connate at base; stamens 4, ca. 1.8 mm long; of northern Vietnam and China but differs in having few- filaments ca. 1 mm long, glabrous; anthers ca. 0.8 er secondary veins (5–8 pairs in I. hongiaoensis vs. 8–10 mm long; rudimentary ovary conical, ca. 0.4 mm pairs in I. chapaensis), prominent and distinct tertiary in height; pedicel 3–4 mm long, glabrous; bracte- veins on the lower leaf surface (vs. not prominent) and shorter petioles (0.5–1.2 cm long vs. 1.2–3 cm long). oles triangular, ca. 0.2 mm long, glabrous. Pistil- Typus. VIETNAM. Lam Dong Province: Bidoup-Nui late inflorescences not seen. Infructescence Ba National Park, Hon Giao, in wet evergreen forest, (young), simple cymes, with 1–3-fruits; peduncle 1,666 m elev., 12°11′12.0″N, 108°42′51.0″E, 1 Oct. 2018, 2–4 mm long, glabrous. Young fruits subglobose, S. Tagane, A. Nagahama, M. Zhang, K. Tsuchiya, T. ca. 2.5 mm in diam., glabrous, green in vivo, red- Nguyen, C.T. Nguyen V9412 [fr.] (holo- KYO!, iso- DLU!, FU!, KAG!). dish brown when dry, calyx persistent, shallowly lobed, stigma columnar, persistent, ca. 1 mm Trees, to 12 m tall, GBH 32.6 cm.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Research Article
    Research Article: Maximum Likelihood Analyses of 3,490 rbcL Sequences: Scalability of Comprehensive Inference versus Group-Specific Taxon Sampling Alexandros Stamatakis1,*, Markus Göker2,3, Guido Grimm4 1 The Exelixis Lab, Dept. of Computer Science, Technische Universität München, Germany 2 Organismic Botany, Eberhard-Karls-University, Tübingen, Germany 3 German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, Braunschweig, Germany 4 Department of Palaeobotany, Swedish Museum of Natural History, Stockholm, Sweden * Corresponding author: Technische Universität München, Fakultät für Informatik, I 12, Boltzmannstr. 3, 85748 Garching b. München, Tel: +49 89 28919434, Fax: +49 89 28919414, Email: [email protected] Keywords: Phylogenetic Inference, Maximum Likelihood, RAxML, large single–gene datasets, eudicots Running head: Scalability of Maximum Likelihood Analyses Abbreviations: GRTS: Group-based Randomized Taxon-Subsampling; TU: Taxonomic Unit. Abstract The constant accumulation of sequence data poses new computational and methodological challenges for phylogenetic inference, since multiple sequence alignments grow both in the horizontal (number of base pairs, phylogenomic alignments) as well as vertical (number of taxa) dimension. Put aside the ongoing controversial discussion about appropriate models, partitioning schemes, and assembly methods for phylogenomic alignments, coupled with the high computational cost to infer these, for many organismic groups, a sufficient number of taxa is often exclusively available from one or just a few genes (e.g., rbcL, matK, rDNA). In this paper we address scalability of Maximum-Likelihood-based phylogeny reconstruction with respect to the number of taxa by example of several large nested single-gene rbcL alignments comprising 400 up to 3,491 taxa. In order to thoroughly test the effect of taxon sampling, we deploy an appropriately adapted taxon jackknifing approach.
    [Show full text]
  • From the Late Eocene of Hordle, Southern England
    Acta Palaeobotanica 59(1): 51–67, 2019 e-ISSN 2082-0259 DOI: 10.2478/acpa-2019-0006 ISSN 0001-6594 Fruit morphology, anatomy and relationships of the type species of Mastixicarpum and Eomastixia (Cornales) from the late Eocene of Hordle, southern England STEVEN R. MANCHESTER1* and MARGARET E. COLLINSON2 1 Florida Museum of Natural History, Dickinson Hall, P.O. Box 117800, Gainesville, Florida, U.S.A.; e-mail: [email protected] 2 Department of Earth Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham, Surrey TW20 0EX, United Kingdom Received 26 October 2018; accepted for publication 29 April 2019 ABSTRACT. The Mastixiaceae (Cornales) were more widespread and diverse in the Cenozoic than they are today. The fossil record includes fruits of both extant genera, Mastixia and Diplopanax, as well as several extinct genera. Two of the fossil genera, Eomastixia and Mastixicarpum, are prominent in the palaeobotanical literature, but concepts of their delimitation have varied with different authors. These genera, both based on species described 93 years ago by Marjorie Chandler from the late Eocene (Priabonian) Totland Bay Member of the Headon Hill Formation at Hordle, England, are nomenclaturally fundamental, because they were the first of a series of fos- sil mastixioid genera published from the European Cenozoic. In order to better understand the type species of Eomastixia and Mastixicarpum, we studied type specimens and topotypic material using x-ray tomography and scanning electron microscopy to supplement traditional methods of analysis, to improve our understanding of the morphology and anatomy of these fossils. Following comparisons with other fossil and modern taxa, we retain Mas- tixicarpum crassum Chandler rather than transferring it to the similar extant genus Diplopanax, and we retain Eomastixia bilocularis Chandler [=Eomastixia rugosa (Zenker) Chandler] and corroborate earlier conclusions that this species represents an extinct genus that is more closely related to Mastixia than to Diplopanax.
    [Show full text]
  • Systematics, Climate, and Ecology of Fossil and Extant Nyssa (Nyssaceae, Cornales) and Implications of Nyssa Grayensis Sp
    East Tennessee State University Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University Electronic Theses and Dissertations Student Works 8-2013 Systematics, Climate, and Ecology of Fossil and Extant Nyssa (Nyssaceae, Cornales) and Implications of Nyssa grayensis sp. nov. from the Gray Fossil Site, Northeast Tennessee Nathan R. Noll East Tennessee State University Follow this and additional works at: https://dc.etsu.edu/etd Part of the Biodiversity Commons, Climate Commons, Paleontology Commons, and the Plant Biology Commons Recommended Citation Noll, Nathan R., "Systematics, Climate, and Ecology of Fossil and Extant Nyssa (Nyssaceae, Cornales) and Implications of Nyssa grayensis sp. nov. from the Gray Fossil Site, Northeast Tennessee" (2013). Electronic Theses and Dissertations. Paper 1204. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/1204 This Thesis - Open Access is brought to you for free and open access by the Student Works at Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University. It has been accepted for inclusion in Electronic Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Systematics, Climate, and Ecology of Fossil and Extant Nyssa (Nyssaceae, Cornales) and Implications of Nyssa grayensis sp. nov. from the Gray Fossil Site, Northeast Tennessee ___________________________ A thesis presented to the faculty of the Department of Biological Sciences East Tennessee State University In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Master of Science in Biology ___________________________ by Nathan R. Noll August 2013 ___________________________ Dr. Yu-Sheng (Christopher) Liu, Chair Dr. Tim McDowell Dr. Foster Levy Keywords: Nyssa, Endocarp, Gray Fossil Site, Miocene, Pliocene, Karst ABSTRACT Systematics, Climate, and Ecology of Fossil and Extant Nyssa (Nyssaceae, Cornales) and Implications of Nyssa grayensis sp.
    [Show full text]
  • A Survey of Tricolpate (Eudicot) Phylogenetic Relationships1
    American Journal of Botany 91(10): 1627±1644. 2004. A SURVEY OF TRICOLPATE (EUDICOT) PHYLOGENETIC RELATIONSHIPS1 WALTER S. JUDD2,4 AND RICHARD G. OLMSTEAD3 2Department of Botany, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611 USA; and 3Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195 USA The phylogenetic structure of the tricolpate clade (or eudicots) is presented through a survey of their major subclades, each of which is brie¯y characterized. The tricolpate clade was ®rst recognized in 1989 and has received extensive phylogenetic study. Its major subclades, recognized at ordinal and familial ranks, are now apparent. Ordinal and many other suprafamilial clades are brie¯y diag- nosed, i.e., the putative phenotypic synapomorphies for each major clade of tricolpates are listed, and the support for the monophyly of each clade is assessed, mainly through citation of the pertinent molecular phylogenetic literature. The classi®cation of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (APG II) expresses the current state of our knowledge of phylogenetic relationships among tricolpates, and many of the major tricolpate clades can be diagnosed morphologically. Key words: angiosperms; eudicots; tricolpates. Angiosperms traditionally have been divided into two pri- 1992a; Chase et al., 1993; Doyle et al., 1994; Soltis et al., mary groups based on the presence of a single cotyledon 1997, 2000, 2003; KaÈllersjoÈ et al., 1998; Nandi et al., 1998; (monocotyledons, monocots) or two cotyledons (dicotyledons, Hoot et al., 1999; Savolainen et al., 2000a, b; Hilu et al., 2003; dicots). A series of additional diagnostic traits made this di- Zanis et al., 2003; Kim et al., 2004). This clade was ®rst called vision useful and has accounted for the long recognition of the tricolpates (Donoghue and Doyle, 1989), but the name these groups in ¯owering plant classi®cations.
    [Show full text]
  • Relationships Within Cornales and Circumscription of Cornaceae—Matk and Rbcl Sequence Data and Effects of Outgroups and Long Branches
    MOLECULAR PHYLOGENETICS AND EVOLUTION Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 24 (2002) 35–57 www.academicpress.com Relationships within Cornales and circumscription of Cornaceae—matK and rbcL sequence data and effects of outgroups and long branches (Jenny) Qiu-Yun Xiang,a,* Michael L. Moody,b Douglas E. Soltis,c Chaun zhu Fan,a and Pamela S. Soltis d a Department of Botany, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7612, USA b Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269-4236, USA c Department of Botany and the Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611-5826, USA d Florida Museum of Natural History and the Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA Received 9 April 2001; received in revised form 1 March 2002 Abstract Phylogenetic relationships in Cornales were assessed using sequences rbcL and matK. Various combinations of outgroups were assessed for their suitability and the effects of long branches and outgroups on tree topology were examined using RASA 2.4 prior to conducting phylogenetic analyses. RASA identified several potentially problematic taxa having long branches in individual data sets that may have obscured phylogenetic signal, but when data sets were combined RASA no longer detected long branch problems. tRASA provides a more conservative measurement for phylogenetic signal than the PTP and skewness tests. The separate matK and rbcL sequence data sets were measured as the chloroplast DNA containing phylogenetic signal by RASA, but PTP and skewness tests suggested the reverse. Nonetheless, the matK and rbcL sequence data sets suggested relationships within Cornales largely congruent with those suggested by the combined matK–rbcL sequence data set that contains significant phylogenetic signal as measured by tRASA, PTP, and skewness tests.
    [Show full text]
  • A Review of the Genus Curtisia (Curtisiaceae)
    Bothalia 39,1: 87-96 (2009) A review of the genus Curtisia (Curtisiaceae) E. YU. YEMBATUROVA* +, B-E. VAN WYK* • and P. M. TILNEY* Keywords: anatomy, Comaceae, Curtisiaceae, Curtisia dentata (Burm.f.) C.A.Sm., revision, southern Africa ABSTRACT A review of the monotypic southern African endemic genus Curtisia Aiton is presented. Detailed studies of the fruit and seed structure provided new evidence in support of a close relationship between the family Curtisiaceae and Comaceae. Comparisons with several other members of the Comales revealed carpological similarities to certain species of Comus s.I., sometimes treated as segregate genera Dendrobenthamia Hutch, and Benthamidia Spach. We also provide information on the history of the assegai tree, Curtisia dentata (Burm.f.) C.A.Sm. and its uses, as well as a formal taxonomic revision, including nomenclature, typification, detailed description and geographical distribution. INTRODUCTION (Feder & O’Brien 1968) was applied. Suitable sections were photographed. Fruits obtained from carpological Curtisia Aiton is a monotypic genus traditionally placed collections were rehydrated and then softened by means in the family Comaceae. It is of considerable interest of prolonged heating in Strassburger mixture (water, because of the many uses of its timber and bark—but no glycerol and 96 % ethyl alcohol in equal proportions), in recent reviews of the morphology, taxonomy or anatomy accordance with traditional anatomical procedures (Pro- are available. Recent cladistic and molecular systematic zina 1960) and then sectioned either by hand or sledge studies have revealed new evidence of relationships at fam­ microtome. Test-reactions to identify lignification (phloro- ily level (Murrell 1993; Xiang et al.
    [Show full text]
  • Mineralogy of Eocene Fossil Wood from the “Blue Forest” Locality, Southwestern Wyoming, United States
    Article Mineralogy of Eocene Fossil Wood from the “Blue Forest” Locality, Southwestern Wyoming, United States George E. Mustoe 1,*, Mike Viney 2 and Jim Mills 3 1 Geology Department, Western Washington University, Bellingham, WA 98225, USA 2 College of Natural Sciences Education and Outreach Center, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA; [email protected] 3 Mills Geological, 4520 Coyote Creek Lane, Creston, CA 93432, USA; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 7 December 2018; Accepted: 7 January 2019; Published: 10 January 2019 Abstract: Central Wyoming, USA, was the site of ancient Lake Gosiute during the Early Eocene. Lake Gosiute was a large body of water surrounded by subtropical forest, the lake being part of a lacustrine complex that occupied the Green River Basin. Lake level rises episodically drowned the adjacent forests, causing standing trees and fallen branches to become growth sites for algae and cyanobacteria, which encased submerged wood with thick calcareous stromatolitic coatings. The subsequent regression resulted in a desiccation of the wood, causing volume reduction, radial fractures, and localized decay. The subsequent burial of the wood in silty sediment led to a silicification of the cellular tissue. Later, chalcedony was deposited in larger spaces, as well as in the interstitial areas of the calcareous coatings. The final stage of mineralization was the precipitation of crystalline calcite in spaces that had previously remained unmineralized. The result of this multi-stage mineralization is fossil wood with striking beauty and a complex geologic origin. Keywords: fossil wood; Blue Forest; Eden Valley; Lake Gosiute; chalcedony; quartz; calcite; stromatolite; Green River Basin; Wyoming 1.
    [Show full text]
  • ABSTRACT Fan, Chuanzhu. Molecular
    ABSTRACT Fan, Chuanzhu. Molecular Phylogeny and Evolution of Dogwoods. (Under the direction of Dr. Jenny Qiu-Yun Xiang) Dogwoods consist of morphologically diverse plants, and taxonomic circumscription and phylogenetic relationships of dogwoods have long been controversial. My dissertation study has two major goals: 1) elucidate phylogenetic relationships in the dogwoods group using nuclear DNA sequences, and 2) investigate the sequence evolution and its morphological link of the myc-like anthocyanin regulatory gene and explore the phylogenetic utility of the gene in dogwoods. Phylogenetic relationships within Cornus and Cornales (Cornus and related genera and families) were previously investigated using chloroplast DNA sequence data in several studies, but these still remained incompletely resolved. I used nuclear 26S rDNA sequences to further elucidate relationships within the group and to corroborate previously published phylogenetic hypotheses based on cpDNA and morphological data. Phylogenetic analyses of 26S rDNA sequence data (~3.4 kb) in combination with sequences of chloroplast genes rbcL and matK, suggest that the aquatic enigmatic genus, Hydrostachys from southern Africa, is sister to the remainder of Cornales among which Cornus and Alangium are sisters, nyssoids (Nyssa, Camptotheca, and Davidia) and mastixioids (Mastixia and Diplopanax) are sisters, and Hydrangeaceae and Loasaceae are sisters. These relationships, except the placement of Hydrostachys, are consistent with previous findings from analyses of matK-rbcL sequence data. Within Cornus, the dwarf dogwoods (subg. Arctocrania) are the sister of the big-bracted dogwoods (subg. Cynoxylon and subg. Syncarpea). This clade is, in turn, sister to the cornelian cherries (subg. Cornus and subg. Afrocrania). This large red-fruited clade is sister to a clade consisting of the blue- or white-fruited species (subg.
    [Show full text]
  • Volume 12 Number 4 2002 NOVON
    Volume 12 NOVON Number 4 2002 Diplopanax vietnamensis, a New Species of Nyssaceae from VietnamÐOne More Living Representative of the Tertiary Flora of Eurasia Leonid V. Averyanov Komarov Botanical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Prof. Popov str., 2, St.-Petersburg, 197376, Russia. [email protected] Nguyen Tien Hiep Institute of Ecology and Biological Resources of the National Center for Natural Sciences and Technology of Vietnam, Nghia Do, Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam ABSTRACT. A new species of Diplopanax, D. viet- resentatives of this highland tropical ¯ora and its namensis (Nyssaceae, Cornaceae s.l.), was discovered corresponding climatic zone have disappeared al- in the mountains of southern Vietnam. It differs from most completely. Small relictual and depauperate the single known species, Diplopanax stachyanthus, elements of it can still be found in Portugal, the by short, simple, densely pubescent in¯orescences Colchis, and in a few other orographically favored and large yellow-white ¯owers with ®ve prominent continental regions. The largest remaining humid bosses on the ¯ower disc. This genus (with two spe- warm Tertiary ¯ora was shifted to Southeast Asia. cies, D. stachyanthus and D. vietnamensis) is now re- One of the richest assemblages of ancient, tropical garded as congeneric with Mastixicarpum, represen- Tertiary taxa may now be observed in highland trop- tatives of which were an integral component of the ical areas of Southeast Asia. Primary mountain for- Mastixia-like paratropical broad-leaved evergreen ests of this region include a surprisingly large pro- vegetation that covered much of the Northern Hemi- portion of archaic genera well represented in the sphere from the uppermost Cretaceous to the late Mio- fossil record of the Upper Cretaceous and Lower Ter- cene, about 65 to 7 million years ago.
    [Show full text]
  • CORNACEAE 山茱萸科 Shan Zhu Yu Ke Xiang Qiuyun (向秋云 Jenny Xiang)1; David E
    Flora of China 14: 206–221. 2005. CORNACEAE 山茱萸科 shan zhu yu ke Xiang Qiuyun (向秋云 Jenny Xiang)1; David E. Boufford2 Trees or shrubs, rarely rhizomatous herbs, mostly deciduous, sometimes evergreen, hermaphroditic [dioecious in African species]. Old branches terete, pith white or brown, lenticels and leaf scars often conspicuous; young branches rounded or slightly 4- ridged; nodes slightly swollen. Leaves opposite, rarely alternate or whorled, estipulate, petiolate, rarely sessile; leaf blade simple, entire, pinnately veined, rarely parallel veined, often pubescent, sometimes papillate; trichomes often 2-armed, arms equal or un- equal, appressed and T-shaped, or raised and V- or Y-shaped, or pseudofiliform. Inflorescences cymose, paniculate, corymbose, umbellate, or capitulate, terminal, rarely lateral; bracts minute, not petaloid, early caducous, or 4(–6) and usually showy. Flowers 4- merous. Calyx tubular, fused to ovary, minutely 4-dentate or truncate. Petals 4, free, creamy white or yellow, rarely dark reddish purple or partially dark reddish purple, valvate. Stamens 4, surrounding a fleshy floral disk, alternate petals. Anthers longitudinally dehiscent. Ovary inferior; carpels 2, rarely 3 or 4; locules 2, rarely 3 or 4; ovules pendulous, 1 per locule; style 1, columnar or cla- vate; stigma capitate, disciform, punctate, or truncate, sometimes slightly 2-lobed. Fruit a drupaceous berry, white, blue, red, or black, berries distinct or fused into a fleshy syncarpous compound fruit; stone of fruit bony, 1- or 2(–4)-chambered, seeds 1 or 2(–4); endosperm oily; cotyledons 2, leaflike. One genus and ca. 55 species: widespread in N temperate regions, extending to tropical and boreal areas, one species in tropical Africa and one or two species in South America; 25 species (14 endemic) in China.
    [Show full text]
  • Taxonomic Description of in Situ Bee Pollen from the Middle Eocene of Germany
    Grana ISSN: 0017-3134 (Print) 1651-2049 (Online) Journal homepage: http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/sgra20 Taxonomic description of in situ bee pollen from the middle Eocene of Germany FriĐgeir Grímsson, Reinhard Zetter, Conrad C. Labandeira, Michael S. Engel & Torsten Wappler To cite this article: FriĐgeir Grímsson, Reinhard Zetter, Conrad C. Labandeira, Michael S. Engel & Torsten Wappler (2016): Taxonomic description of in situ bee pollen from the middle Eocene of Germany, Grana, DOI: 10.1080/00173134.2015.1108997 To link to this article: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00173134.2015.1108997 © 2015 The Author(s). Published by Taylor & Francis. Published online: 23 Feb 2016. Submit your article to this journal Article views: 248 View related articles View Crossmark data Full Terms & Conditions of access and use can be found at http://www.tandfonline.com/action/journalInformation?journalCode=sgra20 Download by: [Smithsonian Institution Libraries] Date: 01 August 2016, At: 12:42 Grana, 2015 http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00173134.2015.1108997 Taxonomic description of in situ bee pollen from the middle Eocene of Germany FRIĐGEIR GRÍMSSON1, REINHARD ZETTER 1, CONRAD C. LABANDEIRA2–4, MICHAEL S. ENGEL5–7 &TORSTENWAPPLER8 1University of Vienna, Department of Palaeontology, Vienna, Austria, 2Department of Paleobiology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, USA, 3Department of Entomology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA, 4College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China, 5Division of Entomology, Natural History Museum, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, USA, 6Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA, 7Division of Invertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY, USA, 8University of Bonn, Steinmann Institute, Bonn, Germany Abstract The middle Eocene Messel and Eckfeld localities are renowned for their excellently preserved faunas and diverse floras.
    [Show full text]
  • Mastixia Langbianensis (Nyssaceae), a New Species from Vietnam
    Tropical Natural History 20(3): 228–234, December 2020 2020 by Chulalongkorn University Mastixia langbianensis (Nyssaceae), a New Species from Vietnam PHAN KE LOC1, PRANOM CHANTARANOTHAI2*, QUACH VAN HOI3 AND NGUYEN HOANG TUAN4 1VNU Hanoi University of Science (HUS), 334 Nguyen Trai, Thanh Xuan, Hanoi, VIETNAM 2Applied Taxonomic Research Center, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, THAILAND 3Tay Nguyen Institute for Scientific Research (TNISR), 116 Xo Viet Nghe Tinh, Dalat, Lamdong, VIETNAM 4 Hanoi University of Pharmacy (HUP), 15 Le Thanh Tong, Hoan Kiem, Hanoi, VIETNAM * Corresponding author. Pranom Chantaranothai ([email protected]) Received: 20 September 2019; Accepted: 23 April 2020 ABSTRACT.– Mastixia langbianensis Phan Ke Loc & Chantar., a new species from southern Vietnam, is described. A key to the species of Mastixia in Vietnam is presented. KEY WORDS: Nyssaceae, Cornaceae, Mastixiaceae, taxonomy INTRODUCTION In July 2014, Phan Ke Loc & Quach Van Hoi collected an unfamiliar species of Mastixia Blume (1825) is a small genus Mastixia in Langbian mountain, Lam Dong with ca. 25 species belonging to the family province, southern Vietnam; the specimens Nyssaceae (Angiosperm Phylogeny Group, had young floral buds and faded flowers. 2016, formerly placed in Cornaceae or Later, in January 2016, additional specimens, Mastixiaceae); it is distributed in southern with ripe drupes, were collected from the China, Southeast Asia to the Solomon same tree. After careful examination of Islands. There were three species listed in these specimens and relevant taxonomic Vietnam, namely M. arborea C.B.Clarke references (Tardieu-Blot 1968, Matthew and M. pentandra Blume (Tardieu-Blot, 1976, Pham-hoang Hộ 1992, Xiang et al.
    [Show full text]