Affe Und Affekt Die Poetik Und Politik Der Emotionalität in Der Primatologie Cultural Animal Studies

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Affe Und Affekt Die Poetik Und Politik Der Emotionalität in Der Primatologie Cultural Animal Studies CULTURAL ANIMAL STUDIES BAND 6 Mira Shah Affe und Affekt Die Poetik und Politik der Emotionalität in der Primatologie Cultural Animal Studies Band 6 Reihe herausgegeben von Roland Borgards, Frankfurt, Deutschland Wissenschaftlicher Beirat Michaela Fenske, Würzburg, Deutschland Sabine Nessel, Berlin, Deutschland Stefan Rieger, Bochum, Deutschland Mieke Roscher, Kassel, Deutschland Jessica Ullrich, Nürnberg, Deutschland Martin Ullrich, Nürnberg, Deutschland Markus Wild, Basel, Schweiz Tiere erfreuen sich derzeit eines bemerkenswerten gesellschaftlichen wie wissen- schaftlichen Interesses. Diese akute Relevanz der Tiere korrespondiert mit einer neuen Sensibilität für Fragen eines verantwortlichen und nachhaltigen Umgangs mit der Natur. Als zuständig für diesen Themenbereich galten traditionell die Naturwis- senschaften. Doch im Zeitalter des Anthropozäns verlieren solche Zuständigkeiten ihre Plausibilität: Tiere werden, wie z. B. auch das Klima oder der Meeresspie- gel, zum validen Gegenstand kulturwissenschaftlicher Untersuchungen. So hat sich unter dem Label der Cultural Animal Studies eine Forschungshaltung entwickelt, in der die Frage nach den Tieren auf drei Ebenen fruchtbar gemacht wird. Erstens geht es um eine Pluralisierung dessen, was zu unterschiedlichen Zeiten und in unter- schiedlichen Kulturen als Tier beschrieben wird. Zweitens werden insbesondere die Künste (Literatur, Film, Theater, Bildende Kunst, Musik) daraufhin untersucht, mit welch formativer Kraft sie das Mensch-Tier-Verhältnis mitgestalten und wie Tiere ihrerseits als Koproduzenten kultureller Artefakte verstanden werden können. Und drittens arbeiten diese Forschungen daran, die Anschlussstellen zwischen einer neuen kulturwissenschaftlichen Tiertheorie auf der einen Seite und einer sich der- zeit entfaltenden, naturwissenschaftlichen New Ethology zu erkunden. Die Reihe Cultural Animal Studies versammelt Monographien und Tagungs- bände, die sich aus kulturwissenschaftlicher Perspektive mit der Geschichte, der Theorie und der Kunst der Tiere auseinandersetzen. Die Reihe richtet sich an das gesamte interdisziplinäre Spektrum der Cultural Animal Studies, von den Literatur-, Geschichts-, Bild-, Film-, Medien- und Musikwissenschaften bis zu Tierphiloso- phie, Tiertheorie, Biotheorie, Wissenschaftsgeschichte und Ethnographie. Weitere Bände in der Reihe http://www.springer.com/series/16328 Mira Shah Affe und Affekt Die Poetik und Politik der Emotionalität in der Primatologie Mira Shah Institut für deutsche Literatur Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Deutschland Die Open-Access-Version dieser Publikation wird publiziert mit Unterstützung des Schwei- zerischen Nationalfonds zur Förderung der wissenschaftlichen Forschung. ISSN 2662-1835 ISSN 2662-1843 (electronic) Cultural Animal Studies ISBN 978-3-476-05103-5 ISBN 978-3-476-05104-2 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-476-05104-2 Die Deutsche Nationalbibliothek verzeichnet diese Publikation in der Deutschen Nationalbibliografe; detaillierte bibliografsche Daten sind im Internet über http://dnb.d-nb.de abrufbar. J.B. Metzler © Der/die Herausgeber bzw. der/die Autor(en) 2020. Dieses Buch ist eine Open-Access-Publikation. Open Access Dieses Buch wird unter der Creative Commons Namensnennung 4.0 International Lizenz (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.de) veröffentlicht, welche die Nutzung, Vervielfältigung, Bearbeitung, Verbreitung und Wiedergabe in jeglichem Medium und Format erlaubt, sofern Sie den/die ursprünglichen Autor(en) und die Quelle ordnungsgemäß nennen, einen Link zur Creative Commons Lizenz beifügen und angeben, ob Änderungen vorgenommen wurden. Die in diesem Buch enthaltenen Bilder und sonstiges Drittmaterial unterliegen ebenfalls der genannten Creative Commons Lizenz, sofern sich aus der Abbildungslegende nichts anderes ergibt. Sofern das betreffende Material nicht unter der genannten Creative Commons Lizenz steht und die betreffende Handlung nicht nach gesetzlichen Vorschriften erlaubt ist, ist für die oben aufgeführten Weiterverwendungen des Materials die Einwilligung des jeweiligen Rechteinhabers einzuholen. Die Wiedergabe von allgemein beschreibenden Bezeichnungen, Marken, Unternehmensnamen etc. in diesem Werk bedeutet nicht, dass diese frei durch jedermann benutzt werden dürfen. Die Berechtigung zur Benutzung unterliegt, auch ohne gesonderten Hinweis hierzu, den Regeln des Markenrechts. Die Rechte des jeweiligen Zeicheninhabers sind zu beachten. Der Verlag, die Autoren und die Herausgeber gehen davon aus, dass die Angaben und Informationen in diesem Werk zum Zeitpunkt der Veröffentlichung vollständig und korrekt sind. Weder der Verlag, noch die Autoren oder die Herausgeber übernehmen, ausdrücklich oder implizit, Gewähr für den Inhalt des Werkes, etwaige Fehler oder Äußerungen. Der Verlag bleibt im Hinblick auf geografsche Zuordnungen und Gebietsbezeichnungen in veröffentlichten Karten und Institutionsadressen neutral. Einbandgestaltung: Finken & Bumiller, Stuttgart (Foto: akg-images) J.B. Metzler ist ein Imprint der eingetragenen Gesellschaft Springer-Verlag GmbH, DE und ist ein Teil von Springer Nature. Die Anschrift der Gesellschaft ist: Heidelberger Platz 3, 14197 Berlin, Germany Danksagung Die vorliegende Studie entstand mit Förderung der VolkswagenStiftung und mit- hilfe eines Abschluss-Stipendiums der Dr. Joséphine de Karman-Stiftung. Sie wurde im Herbstsemester 2018 von der Philosophisch-historischen Fakultät der Universität Bern als Dissertation angenommen. Die Open-Access-Publikation die- ser Studie wird durch ein Stipendium des Schweizerischen Nationalfonds ermög- licht. An dieser Stelle möchte ich all denjenigen danken, die in ganz unterschiedli- cher Art und Weise zum Entstehen dieser Studie beigetragen haben. Zunächst gilt mein Dank für die tolle Chance dieser Arbeit Prof. Dr. Oliver Lubrich. Prof. Dr. Virginia Richter danke ich für die Übernahme des Zweitgutachtens, Prof. Dr. Roland Borgards für sein Interesse, seine Unterstützung und die Aufnahme in die Reihe Cultural Animal Studies. Darüber hinaus danke ich den Projektkolleg/innen Prof. Dr. Thomas Stodulka, Prof. Dr. Katja Liebal, Julia Keil, Ferdiansyah Thajib, Samia Dinkelaker und ganz besonders Fermin Suter für einen Weg durch das Dickicht der Affekte in der For- schung. Den Teilnehmer/innen der Kolloquien, in denen diese Arbeit diskutiert werden konnte, und den vielen klugen Stimmen, die dieser Studie weitergeholfen haben, gilt großer und herzlicher Dank, insbesondere Nina Peter und Christine A. Knoop. Unerschöpficher Dank gilt meinen Freund/innen in Berlin, Frankfurt, Bern und darüber hinaus für moralische Unterstützung, fachfremde Erholung, intellek- tuelle Rudelbildung und offene Ohren sowie meiner Familie – Vinay, Elisabeth, Mala und allen anderen – für ihre unerschütterliche Zuversicht und ihre uneinge- schränkte Freude über das Ergebnis. Florens Schwarzwälder danke ich für alles, vor allem aber für großzügige Geduld, für motivierende Lektüren und für jedes Tierbild im richtigen Moment. Diese Arbeit ist all jenen gewidmet, die wissenschaftlich ‚ins Feld‘ ziehen, ohne zu wissen, worauf sie sich einlassen. V Inhaltsverzeichnis 1 Einleitung: Affen, Menschen, Affekte ........................... 1 1.1 Ein Planet der Affen ..................................... 1 1.2 Die Affekte der Forschenden ............................... 6 1.3 Gattungsfragen ......................................... 16 1.3.1 ‚Im Feld‘: Primatologie und Feldforschung ............. 17 1.3.2 Exkurs: Von Affen und Menschen ..................... 22 1.3.3 Science/Fiction ................................... 28 1.3.4 Wie Primatologie lesen? ............................ 35 2 Affektive Epistemologien des Feldes ............................ 45 2.1 Modelle affektiver Affenbegegnung im Reisebericht des 19. Jahrhunderts ..................................... 45 2.1.1 Reisen zu den Affen ............................... 45 2.1.2 Der sentimentale Jäger Paul Du Chaillu ................ 53 2.1.3 Der nüchterne Sammler Alfred Russel Wallace .......... 59 2.1.4 Emotionale Wende am Affenbaby ..................... 63 2.1.5 Symptomatisches Fühlen ............................ 67 2.2 Dramaturgien des taktilen Erstkontakts ...................... 69 2.2.1 Das ‚Drama of Touch‘ der Primatologie ................ 69 2.2.2 Das ‚Drama of Touch‘ als Medium fühlender Erkenntnis ............................... 76 2.2.3 Das ‚Drama of Touch‘ als Anlass für Selbstrefexion .................................... 79 2.3 Das Erhabene im Gorilla: Ästhetische Refexion und affektive Erkenntnis im Feld ........................... 82 2.3.1 Das Gefühl des Erhabenen als Modell affektiver Erkenntnis ............................... 84 2.3.2 Empfndsame Erkenntnisse des Reisenden: George Schallers The Year of the Gorilla (1964) ................ 91 2.3.3 Erhabene Forschung und die Erkenntnis des Spürbaren: Dian Fosseys Gorillas in the Mist (1983) ...... 99 2.3.4 Emotionalität und Paranoia: Robert Sapolskys A Primate’s Memoir (2001) ......................... 105 VII VIII Inhaltsverzeichnis 2.3.5 Das Erhabene als Egozentrik: Lukas Bärfuss‘ Hundert Tage (2008) ............................... 112 2.4 Affenliebe: Der epistemische Nutzen affektiver Nahformen der Anerkennung .............................. 114 2.4.1 Prüfstein affektiver Wahrnehmung und Kriterium des Menschlichen: Jane Goodall und die romantische Liebe ................... 117 2.4.2 Anerkennung als Bedingung für die Feldforschung: Dian Fossey und affektive Nahformen ............................... 120 2.4.3 Empathische Erkenntnisweisen:
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