Voicing on the Fringe: Towards an Analysis of ‘Quirkyʼ Phonology in Ju and Beyond
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Behavioral Health Data Consolidation 2 4/1/2017
BEHAVIORAL HEALTH DATA SYSTEM Data Guide VERSION: 2.1 PUBLISH DATE: 2/23/2017 APPROVE DATE: 2/23/2017 EFFECTIVE DATE: 04/01/2017 LAST UPDATED: 2/23/2017 BHDS Data Guide Return to Table of Contents Contents Data Guide Overview: ................................................................................................................................... 6 Overview ............................................................................................................................................... 6 Terminology Guide ................................................................................................................................ 6 Use Guide .............................................................................................................................................. 7 General Considerations of Dictionary ........................................................................................................... 9 Reporting Organization ......................................................................................................................... 9 Service Episodes .................................................................................................................................... 9 Data File Format .................................................................................................................................... 9 Blanks/Unknowns ................................................................................................................................ -
Title of Your Article
Vol. 11, No. 2 International Journal of Multicultural Education 2009 Monocultural Education in a Multicultural Society: The case of Teacher Preparation in Botswana Annah Anikie Molosiwa The University of Botswana Botswana In several policy documents reviewing the country’s education system, the Ministry of Education has made noteworthy pronouncements on how to improve teacher education in Botswana. This mainly concerns equipping teachers with pedagogical skills to better address the learning needs of the linguistically and culturally diverse student population. Even though at policy level it is acknowledged that Botswana is a multicultural society, at implementation stage there is no such evidence. This article argues that lack of implementation of policy pronouncements contradicts the government’s aspirations to provide equal learning opportunity to all learners. The infusion of courses in multicultural education at teacher education level is seen as an alternative. Introduction Geography and Language Description of Language Education Programs Literature Review Policy Pronouncements on Teacher Education Conclusion Notes References Introduction While the government of Botswana has made resources available to support the education of teachers, attempts to prepare teachers with the skills to better address the learning needs of the linguistically and culturally diverse student population in schools still remains inadequate. This contradicts the country‟s aspirations to provide equal educational opportunity to all citizens by the year 2016 (Republic of Botswana, 1997). The aim to increase access and equity at primary and secondary school levels and to improve the quality of education is pronounced in many policy documents such as the 1994 Revised National Policy on Education (RNPE) and Vision 2016 Report. -
Khoisan Identity: a Contribution Towards Reconciliation in Post-Apartheid South Africa
Article Khoisan Identity: A Contribution towards Reconciliation in Post-Apartheid South Africa John Stephanus Klaasen University of the Western Cape [email protected] Abstract This article seeks to explore the identity of the Khoisan as symbolic for reconciliation in South Africa. What contributions can the narrative of a marginalised people such as the Khoisan make to reconciling a divided nation such as South Africa? The Khoisan have been victims of continuous dispossession since the arrival of Bartholomew Diaz at the Cape in 1488. However, it was the taking of land in 1657 from the Khoisan for the free burgers that marked a significant period for the current discourse on land and for identity and reconciliation within post-apartheid South Africa. Notwithstanding the attempts by the Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC) to use narratives for healing, restoration, and continuing engagement with the meta-narratives of the past, my own use of narrative is open-ended with space for dialogue through interaction. The past or history does not have fixed boundaries, but rather blurred boundaries that function as spaces of transcendence. The narrative approach has four interactionist variables which are personhood, communication, power as reflected experience, and fluid community. I point out weaknesses of the use of narrative by the TRC as well as the interaction between experience and theory by practical theologians to construct an open-ended narrative of the Khoisan for reconciliation in South Africa. Keywords: Khoisan; reconciliation; identity; narrative; communication Introduction Reconciliation remains one of the most pressing issues amongst South Africans, despite the relatively violence-free transition from segregation to democracy. -
Contributions to the Study of African Languages from the Nordic Countries Arvi Hurskainen
Contributions to the study of African languages from the Nordic countries Arvi Hurskainen 1 Introduction This chapter gives an outline of the study of African languages in various Nordic countries. The description is limited to the work of individual researchers as far as it was financed by these countries. Therefore, the work of each researcher is included only as far as the above criterion is fulfilled. Research of African languages has often been carried out as part of study on general linguistics, or other such research area that has made it possible to study also African languages. Only the University of Gothenburg, Sweden, has a professorship dedicated to the study of African languages. In Norway and Denmark, African languages have been studied mostly in departments of general linguistics. In Finland, the professorship at the University of Helsinki is defined as African studies, that is, the wide research field makes it possible to study also such subjects that normally would be studied in other departments - anthropology and history, for example. 2 Early initiatives The motivation for studying African languages emerged initially as part of missionary activities. There was a need to be able to communicate using local languages. Missionaries had to learn the languages, and this was made possible by producing grammars and dictionaries. The pioneers had seldom formal linguistic training. Yet they produced valuable resources for many languages, which up today have remained standard language resources of those languages. The work of missionaries also included the creation of orthographies and production of teaching materials for schools. Finally, their contribution extends to such achievements as the translation of Bible or its parts to local languages. -
Casting a Wider Net Over Nǁng: the Older Archival Resources Tom Güldemann1 Humboldt University Berlin and Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology Leipzig
1 Casting a wider net over Nǁng: the older archival resources Tom Güldemann1 Humboldt University Berlin and Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology Leipzig 1 What we know and don’t know In the wake of the end of Apartheid and the emergence of a democratic South Africa the late 1990s witnessed an important (re)discovery for linguists dealing with languages in South Africa and in particular of the ‘Khoisan’2 domain. The efforts of the South African San Institute (SASI) lead to the identification of descendants of the former southern Kalahari San population (cf. Crawhall 2004, 2005), including more than 20 speakers and rememberers of their heritage language. While listed by Lewis, Simons and Fennig (2014) under Nǀu [ngh], this is called here Nǁng (see §2.4 for a detailed discussion of the variable terminology). Project Researcher(s) Main focus 1 NSF project J. Brugman, C. Collins, A. Miller, L. selected linguistic Namaseb, B. Sands topics 2 Ph.D. project at the M. Exter phonetics-phonology University of Cologne 3 ELDP project at the T. Güldemann, M. (Shaw)-Ernszt, S. natural discourse data MPI-EVA Leipzig Siegmund, A. Witzlack-Makarevich and text annotation Table 1: Recent linguistic research projects on Nǁng Since then the linguistic remnants of Nǁng have been documented according to current standards of the discipline, especially in the framework of three dedicated projects listed in Table 1. Hence, a modern description of Nǁng is taking shape, which entails revised and extended analyses compared to the limited documentation achieved by earlier studies. Some notable results are grammar sketches (Güldemann 2003, Collins and Namaseb 2011), specific morpho-syntactic studies (Collins 2004; Ernszt, Güldemann and Witzlack- 1 I am very grateful to the organizers for inviting me to “The Nǁng (Nǀuu) Conference” held on 17/3/2014 at the University of Cape Town. -
14 Barnard & Boden Conclusions Final1
Edinburgh Research Explorer Conjectural histories – Pros and Cons Citation for published version: Barnard, A & Boden, G 2014, Conjectural histories – Pros and Cons. in A Barnard & G Boden (eds), Southern African Khoisan Kinship Systems. Research in Khoisan Studies, vol. 30, Rüdiger Köppe Verlag, Cologne, pp. 263-280. Link: Link to publication record in Edinburgh Research Explorer Document Version: Peer reviewed version Published In: Southern African Khoisan Kinship Systems Publisher Rights Statement: © Barnard, A., & Boden, G. (2014). Conjectural histories – Pros and Cons. In A. Barnard, & G. Boden (Eds.), Southern African Khoisan Kinship Systems. (pp. 263-280). (Research in Khoisan Studies; Vol. 30). Cologne: Rüdiger Köppe Verlag. To be cited as: Alan Barnard / Gertrud Boden (eds.): Southern African Khoisan Kinship Systems (Research in Khoisan Studies , 2014, VI, 301 pp., ill. ISBN 978-3-89645-874-2 General rights Copyright for the publications made accessible via the Edinburgh Research Explorer is retained by the author(s) and / or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing these publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. Take down policy The University of Edinburgh has made every reasonable effort to ensure that Edinburgh Research Explorer content complies with UK legislation. If you believe that the public display of this file breaches copyright please contact [email protected] providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. Download date: 02. Oct. 2021 Conclusions 263 Conjectural histories: pros and cons Alan Barnard & Gertrud Boden Overview The aim of this book was to contribute to untangling the historical relations between the indigenous peoples of the Kalahari Basin Area, often subsumed under the label “Khoisan”, yet increasingly thought of as making up a Sprachbund composed of three individual language families, viz. -
Cultural Complexity and Political-Economic Transformation in South Africa: the Dangers of Economic Neoliberalism
Cultural Complexity and Political-Economic Transformation in South Africa: The Dangers of Economic Neoliberalism Winston P. Nagan Sam T. Dell Research Scholar Professor of Law, Emeritus Chairperson, Board of Trustees, World Academy of Art & Science With the assistance of Samantha R. Manausa Junior Fellow, Institute for Human Rights, Peace and Development 1 Abstract South Africa inherited a complex cultural mosaic largely conditioned by economic deprivation and racism. This paper provides the contextual background of some of the principle features of the serial regimes of racial supremacy and expropriation. However, at the heart of this historic context is the position of one of the oldest nations on Earth, and the original proprietors of southern Africa: the First Nation Khoi Khoi. What makes them distinctive is that they were the first resistors to exploitation and racial supremacy, and they maintained that struggle from the 1600’s to the present day. The paper presents the context in which the Khoi were expropriated, both materially and sexually, to the extent that a sub-race of the Khoi were created with an imposed identity of “Cape Coloured”. The paper traces the Khoi’s political struggle, its resistance to racial supremacy, and its demand for a social-democratic dispensation. The Khoi articulated the first idea of an African peoples’ organization representing all the dispossessed peoples of South Africa. They merged with the first real social-democratic movement, the Non-European Unity Movement. They also merged with a 10-Point social-democratic plan for economic justice in South Africa. Their struggle was met with a fierce imposition of radical racial apartheid and exploitation, which they resisted. -
Language Ecology and Photographic Sound in the Mcworld
Title Language ecology and photographic sound in the McWorld Type Article URL http://ualresearchonline.arts.ac.uk/2775/ Date 2006 Citation Wynne, John (2006) Language ecology and photographic sound in the McWorld. Organised Sound, 11 (1). pp. 45-54. ISSN 1355-7718 Creators Wynne, John Usage Guidelines Please refer to usage guidelines at http://ualresearchonline.arts.ac.uk/policies.html or alternatively contact [email protected]. License: Creative Commons Attribution Non-commercial No Derivatives Unless otherwise stated, copyright owned by the author Language ecology and photographic sound in the McWorld JOHN WYNNE London College of Communication, University of the Arts, London E-mail: [email protected] URL: http://www.sensitivebrigade.com The unique sounds of the world’s small-scale languages are in the world is delivered to mankind as a punishment, being extinguished at an alarming rate. This article explores it is clear that, just as biological diversity is necessary links between acoustic ecology and language ecology and for a healthy ecosystem, linguistic and cultural diver- outlines an approach to the creation of archive material as sity contribute to the long-term stability of human both source for and useful by-product of sound art practice development. If language is one of the primary reposi- and research. Through my work with endangered click- tories of culture and history and if ‘our success at languages in the Kalahari Desert, it considers the boundaries colonising the planet has been due to our ability to between language and music and discusses the use of flat speaker technology to explore new relations between sound develop diverse cultures which suit all kinds of and image, portrait and soundscape in a cross-cultural environments’ (Crystal 2000: 33), it follows that ‘any context. -
Southern Africa As a Phonological Area
Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology/Linguistics "Speaking (of) Khoisan" A symposium reviewing African prehistory 16/05/2015 Southern Africa as a phonological area Christfried Naumann & Hans-Jörg Bibiko [email protected] Quelle: Clements & Rialland ( 2008 : 37 ) Contents 1. Introduction 3-15 2. Procedure 16-19 3. Results: Kalahari Basin 20-28 4. Results: Southeastern Bantu 29-42 5. Results: Southern Africa 43-54 (6. Local and dependent features - excluded) 55-61 7. MDS and k-means 62-68 8. Summary 69 (9. Contact scenarios) 70-74 Acknowledgements 75 References 76-77 2 "Speaking (of) Khoisan", 16/05/2015 Southern Africa as a phonological area 1. Introduction Phonological similarities • large consonantal inventory (45 c.) • clicks • aspirated and ejective stops • dorsal affricate 3 "Speaking (of) Khoisan", 16/05/2015 Southern Africa as a phonological area 1. Introduction Phonological similarities • large consonantal inventory (50 c.) • clicks • aspirated, slack voiced, ejective and imploisve stops •(dorsal affricate) lateral obstruents • 4 "Speaking (of) Khoisan", 16/05/2015 Southern Africa as a phonological area 1. Introduction Phonological similarities • large consonantal inventory (68 c.) • (clicks) • aspirated, breathy and implosive stops • lateral obstruents 5 "Speaking (of) Khoisan", 16/05/2015 Southern Africa as a phonological area 1. Introduction Example: Distribution of ejectives/glottalized consonants Clements & Rialland (2008: 62) Maddieson (2013) 6 "Speaking (of) Khoisan", 16/05/2015 Southern Africa -
Identity and Plurilinguism in Africa – the Case of Mozambique
IDENTITY AND PLURILINGUISM IN AFRICA – THE CASE OF MOZAMBIQUE IDENTIDADE E PLURILINGUISMO NA ÁFRICA: O CASO DE MOÇAMBIQUE Sarita Monjane HENRIKSEN Universidade Pedagógica Mozambique International Abstract: The African continent is a true ethnic-linguistic and cultural mosaic, composed of 55 countries and characterised by the existence of approximately 2.000 languages and a large number of ethnic groups. Mozambique in the extreme south of the continent does not escape from this rule. The country, with its approximately 25 million inhabitants is characterised by a significantly high ethnic, linguistic and cultural diversity. In spite of this superdiversity it is possible to talk about an African identity and surely a Mozambican identity. The present study describes ethnic and cultural diversity in Africa, focusing on issues of plurilingualism or multilingualism in the continent. In addition, the study deals particularly with Mozambique’s ethnolinguistic landscape, discussing the importance of preserving diversity and lastly it presents a number of considerations on those factors that contribute to the construction of national identity and to the development of our Mozambicaness in this Indian Ocean country. Ke ywords: Identity, Plurilingualism, Ethnic-Linguistic and Cultural Diversity and Superdiversity Resumo: O continente africano é um verdadeiro mosaico étnico-linguístico e cultural, composto por 55 países e caracterizado pela existência de aproximadamente 2.000 línguas e inúmeros grupos étnicos. Moçambique no extremo sul deste continente não escapa a esta regra. O país, com os seus cerca de 25 milhões de habitantes é também caracterizado por uma significante diversidade étnica, linguística e cultural. Apesar desta superdiversidade é possível falar sobre uma identidade africana e uma identidade moçambicana. -
“Changing Profile”
Changing profile when encroaching on hunter-gatherer territory: Towards the history of the Khoe-Kwadi family in southern Africa1 Tom Güldemann Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology Leipzig and University of Leipzig 1 Introduction The history of southern African languages subsumed under “Khoisan” has been subject to a great deal of speculation, which stemmed to a large extent from our ignorance about them. In the last two decades, however, our knowledge has grown considerably and a number of earlier views turned out to be misconceptions or at least weak and premature hypotheses, among them the idea of a Macro-Khoisan family. Nevertheless, some insufficiently substantiated claims are still held as conventional wisdom in and outside the field. This paper will discuss the linguistic history of the largest lineage subsumed under “Khoisan”, the Khoe-Kwadi family, and in so doing will address two frequently encountered assumptions in this research area, namely (1) that all “Khoisan” lineages in southern Africa are indigenous to the region and (2) that they have always been associated with a hunter-gatherer subsistence. I will present linguistic data relating to these issues and argue instead on account of this and non-linguistic evidence that the ancestor population giving rise to modern Khoe-Kwadi speaking groups colonized southern Africa relatively recently and introduced a pastoral mode of life. The extent of diversity found among modern Khoe-Kwadi speakers in terms of linguistic, cultural, and biological traits can be explained as the result of different types of contact with the hunter-gatherer populations that were at the time indigenous to the area. -
(Bantugent – Ugent Centre for Bantu Studies) Digital Colloquium on African Languages and Linguistics Humboldt University, Berlin – 19 May 2020 OVERVIEW
DEPARTMENT OF LANGUAGES AND CULTURES AFRICAN LANGUAGES AND CULTURES THE HISTORY OF CLICKS IN NGUNI LANGUAGES Hilde Gunnink – Ghent University (BantUGent – UGent centre for Bantu Studies) Digital colloquium on African languages and linguistics Humboldt University, Berlin – 19 May 2020 OVERVIEW 1. Bantu/Khoisan language contact 2. Clicks in Bantu languages 3. The Nguni languages 1. Click inventories 2. Subclassification 3. Reconstruction of Proto-Nguni clicks When did clicks enter the Nguni languages and what does this tell us about the contact history between Nguni and Khoisan speakers? 3 PRE-BANTU SOUTHERN AFRICA “Khoisan”: languages with phonemic clicks that do not belong to another language family (e.g. Bantu or Cushitic) Southern Africa: ̶ Kx’a (Northern Khoisan) ̶ Khoe-Kwadi (Central Khoisan) ̶ Tuu (Southern Khoisan) Most Khoisan languages are endangered/extinct Güldemann, T. 2014. 'Khoisan' linguistic classification today. In Güldemann, T & A.-M. Fehn (eds.), Beyond 'Khoisan': historical relations in the Kalahari 4 basin, 1-40. Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins Publishing Company. BANTU/KHOISAN LANGUAGE CONTACT ̶ Lexicon: ̶ loanwords ̶ lexical semantics ̶ Phonology ̶ clicks ̶ other rare consonants ̶ Morphology ̶ borrowed affixes ̶ contact-induced grammaticalization 5 CLICKS Clicks are unique to: ̶ “Khoisan” languages: Khoe-Kwadi, Kx’a, Tuu families + Sandawe, Hadza ̶ Bantu languages in southern Africa ̶ The Cushitic language Dahalo in east Africa ̶ Damin, ritual register of Australian language Lardil Very unique so clear hallmark of Khoisan contact! 6 CLICKS South East Bantu click languages - Nguni: Xhosa, Phuthi, Zulu, Swati, Southern Ndebele, Zimbabwean Ndebele - Sotho: Southern Sotho South West Bantu click languages - Kavango: Kwangali, Manyo, Mbukushu - Bantu Botatwe: Fwe - Yeyi Adapted from: Pakendorf, B., et al.