Changing Contours of Indo-US Relations
Total Page：16
File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb
Workshop Report National Workshop on Indo-US Relations Changing Contours of Indo-US Relations Editors K.P. Vijayalakshmi Arvind Kumar Sonika Gupta S. Chandrashekar International Strategic and Security Studies Programme NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ADVANCED STUDIES Bangalore, India Changing Contours of Indo-US Relations Report on the National Workshop on Changing Contours of Indo-US Relations Editors K.P. Vijayalakshmi Arvind Kumar Sonika Gupta S. Chandrashekar International Strategic & Security Studies Programme National Institute of Advanced Studies Indian Institute of Science Campus Bangalore - 560 012 India 1 © National Institute of Advanced Studies 2006 Published by National Institute of Advanced Studies Indian Institute of Science Campus Bangalore 560 012 ISBN 81-87663-60-X Typeset & Printed by Shreeniketan Graphic Communications # 210, 2nd Main, Mahalakshmi Layout, Bangalore - 560 086. Ph: 2359 0291, 2359 5068 Fax: 2359 5068 2 Changing Contours of Indo-US Relations Table of Contents Foreword ....................................................................... 4 Introduction .................................................................. 6 Workshop Overview ..................................................... 7 Inaugural Session - Governor’s Address ............................ 9 Session I Perceptions and Misperceptions in Indo-US Relations .................. 25 Session II Indo-US Economic Relations – Emerging Dynamics ................ 57 Special Address by Dr. Anil Kakodkar .............................. 91 Session III Changing Security Environment and Implications for Indo-US Cooperation in Defence .......................................... 111 Public Lecture Challenges and Prospects for Indo-US Relations by K. Subrahmanyam ......................................................... 163 Session IV Prospects for Indo-US Cooperation in High Technology ........... 185 Session V US and Indian Legal systems and Its Implications for Indo-US Relations .............................................................. 243 Observations & Policy Implications ...................................... 279 Annexure I Indo-US Defence Agreed Framework; 25 June 2005 ................ 283 Annexure II Indo-US Joint Statement; 18 July 2005 .................................. 287 Annexure III Indo-US Joint Statement; 2 March 2006 .......... 293 Annexure IV Programme ................................................ 300 Annexure V List of Participants ........................................ 306 3 Foreword When Dr. Vijayalakshmi mooted the idea of an Indo-US Workshop that looked at all dimensions of Indo-US Relations in March 2005 none of us even remotely imagined that momentous events were going to transform the basic structure of the relationship. As I and my colleagues at NIAS (Prof. S. Chandrashekar, Arvind Kumar and Dr. Sonika Gupta) along with Prof. Vijayalakshmi struggled to put together a workshop package that would capture the gamut of the relationship, major events slowly started unfolding. The Joint Statement of 18th July 2005 issued by Prime Minister Dr. Manmohan Singh and President George W. Bush was the first sign that there was indeed going to be a paradigm shift in Indo-US relations. As the debate within India on Indo-US relations and on the civilian nuclear deal was hotting up, our desire to try and ensure that we get the best people in India to come to the Workshop and share their insights with us became more and more important. The motive for this was of course the desire that the inputs from the Workshop would influence policy and decision making on this matter of great importance to the future of the country. We were lucky in both respects. We did get the best brains in India from both academia and members of the strategic community to come to Bangalore and take part in the Workshop. We were also fortunate that the dates of the Workshop February 9th and 10th 2006 just preceded the visit of President George W Bush to India that took place on March 1st, 2006. One of the issues that was engaging the attention of the whole country was related to the Indo-US nuclear deal. The International Strategic and Security Studies Programme at NIAS put together a short briefing paper that looked at all dimensions of Indo-US Relations with a specific focus on the “nuclear deal”. This briefing paper did reach the highest policy and decision making levels in the country. We believe that it helped in improving our understanding of the drivers of the relationship between India and the US. We also believe that it did contribute in a small way in getting the deal through. 4 Changing Contours of Indo-US Relations The initial two page brief was followed by a more elaborate twenty page “Workshop Brief” addressed to the larger strategic and academic community in India and abroad. This has been widely distributed and is also available on the NIAS website. There was also a great deal of interest that the proceedings of the Workshop be brought out as quickly as possible. This edited volume of the Workshop Proceedings has been brought out to cater to this need of the strategic community in India and abroad. Before I conclude, I would like to thank all the participants at the Workshop who took time off from their busy schedules to come to Bangalore and participate in this important event. I think their contribution did make a difference to our understanding of a complex issue. I would also like to specially thank my former colleague Dr. G. Madhavan Nair, Chairman, Space Commission for his support of this Workshop. Happy Reading. K. KASTURIRANGAN Director, NIAS 5 Introduction The International Strategic and Security Studies Programme of the National Institute of Advanced Studies (NIAS), Bangalore organised a two day National Workshop on “Changing Contours of Indo-US Relations” during 9-10 February 2006. The objectives of the Workshop were to exchange views and generate opinion on a wide spectrum of issues relating to Indo-US relations. The themes for the debate included: • Perceptions and misperceptions in Indo-US relations • Indo-US economic relations: emerging dynamics • Changing security environment and implications for Indo-US cooperation in defence • Prospects for Indo-US cooperation in high technology • US and Indian legal systems and their implications for Indo-US relations The participants for the Workshop were drawn from academia, the strategic community, scientists, technologists, diplomats, practitioners and the defence services. The major focus of the Workshop was to critically assess the paradigm shift in perceptions reshaping Indo-US relations. The purpose was to get different perspectives on the commonalities and differences that would govern Indo-US relations in the near and distant future. The visit of the US President George W. Bush to India and the possibility of an accord between the US and India on civilian nuclear cooperation provided the backdrop to the organization of the workshop. The output from the workshop was meant to feed into the policy making and decision-making processes. This in fact did happen. 6 Changing Contours of Indo-US Relations Workshop Highlights • His Excellency Shri T.N. Chaturvedi, Governor of Karnataka, inaugurated the Workshop on the 9th of February 2006. His Excellency also delivered the Inaugural Address. • Shri K. Subrahmanyam, Chairman Task Force on Global Strategic Developments, Government of India, gave a special Public Lecture on “Challenges and Prospects for Indo-US Relations” on the evening of the 9th of February 2006. • In a special session, Dr. Anil Kakodkar, Chairman of the Atomic Energy Commission and Secretary, Department of Atomic Energy addressed the Workshop participants and shared with them his views on the status and prospects of cooperation between India and the US in the civilian nuclear field. Following is a detailed report of the workshop. At the end of each session a summary of the main highlights of the session is provided. This is followed by a discussion on how the different strands of thinking addressed in each of the sessions intertwine to provide an overall understanding of the critical drivers of the relationship between the US and India. We conclude with a brief section on the implications of this understanding for policy making. 7 8 Changing Contours of Indo-US Relations Inaugural Session His Excellency Shri T.N. Chaturvedi, the Governor of Karnataka delivering the Inaugural Address 9 10 Changing Contours of Indo-US Relations Inaugural Session Prof. Vijayalakshmi: Friends, His Excellency Shri Chaturvediji, Governor of Karnataka, Dr. Kasturirangan Director National Institute of Advanced Studies (NIAS), Professor Chandra, and all of us at NIAS welcome you to this two-day workshop on Indo-US Relations. I am sure you will all agree that this workshop is both timely and appropriate - a major initiative that needed to be done. This morning we have with us His Excellency, Shri Chaturvedi, Governor of Karnataka to inaugurate this Workshop. I now invite Dr. Kasturirangan of NIAS to give us his welcome remarks. Welcome Remarks - Dr. K. Kasturirangan: Good morning. Your Excellency Shri Chaturvediji, Governor of Karnataka, Shri K. Subrahmanyam, Chairperson of the Task Force on Global Strategic Developments, Shri Vijay Nambiar, Shri Venkateswaran, Admiral Jacob, Professor Arunachalam, Mr. Lalit Mansingh, Srimathi Arundhathi Ghose, distinguished ambassadors and diplomats, members of the Task Force on Global Strategic Developments, respected professors from various academic institutions, participants