DOCSLIB.ORG

Internal Displacement, Migration, and Policy in Northeastern India

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

No. 8, April 2007 InternalȱDisplacement,ȱ Migration,ȱandȱPolicyȱinȱ PAPERS ȱ NortheasternȱIndia Uddipana Goswami East-West Center Washington WORKING EastȬWestȱCenterȱ TheȱEastȬWestȱCenterȱisȱanȱ internationallyȱrecognizedȱeducationȱ andȱresearchȱorganizationȱ establishedȱbyȱtheȱU.S.ȱCongressȱinȱ 1960ȱtoȱstrengthenȱunderstandingȱ andȱrelationsȱbetweenȱtheȱUnitedȱ StatesȱandȱtheȱcountriesȱofȱtheȱAsiaȱ Pacific.ȱThroughȱitsȱprogramsȱofȱ cooperativeȱstudy,ȱtraining,ȱ seminars,ȱandȱresearch,ȱtheȱCenterȱ worksȱtoȱpromoteȱaȱstable,ȱpeacefulȱ andȱprosperousȱAsiaȱPacificȱ communityȱinȱwhichȱtheȱUnitedȱ Statesȱisȱaȱleadingȱandȱvaluedȱ partner.ȱFundingȱforȱtheȱCenterȱ comesȱforȱtheȱU.S.ȱgovernment,ȱ privateȱfoundations,ȱindividuals,ȱ corporationsȱandȱaȱnumberȱofȱAsiaȬ Pacificȱgovernments.ȱȱ EastȬWestȱCenterȱWashington EstablishedȱonȱSeptemberȱ1,ȱ2001,ȱtheȱ primaryȱfunctionȱofȱtheȱEastȬWestȱ CenterȱWashingtonȱisȱtoȱfurtherȱtheȱ EastȬWestȱCenterȱmissionȱandȱtheȱ institutionalȱobjectiveȱofȱbuildingȱaȱ peacefulȱandȱprosperousȱAsiaȱPacificȱ communityȱthroughȱsubstantiveȱ programmingȱactivitiesȱfocusedȱonȱ theȱthemeȱofȱconflictȱreductionȱinȱtheȱ AsiaȱPacificȱregionȱandȱpromotingȱ Americanȱunderstandingȱofȱandȱ engagementȱinȱAsiaȱPacificȱaffairs. ContactȱInformation: Editor,ȱEWCWȱWorkingȱPapers EastȬWestȱCenterȱWashington 1819ȱLȱStreet,ȱNW,ȱSuiteȱ200 Washington,ȱD.C.ȱȱ20036 Tel:ȱ(202)ȱ293Ȭ3995 Fax:ȱ(202)ȱ293Ȭ1402 [email protected] Uddipana Goswamiȱis a Ph.D. fellow at the Centre for Studies in Social Sciences, Calcutta (CSSSCAL). EastȬWestȱCenterȱWashingtonȱWorkingȱPapers ThisȱWorkingȱPaperȱisȱaȱproductȱofȱtheȱEastȬWestȱCenterȱWashingtonȱprojectȱonȱ InternalȱConflictsȱandȱStateȬBuildingȱChallengesȱinȱAsia.ȱSeeȱpagesȱ45—61ȱȱforȱ details. No. 8, April 2007 InternalȱDisplacement,ȱ Migration,ȱandȱPolicyȱinȱ NortheasternȱIndia Uddipana Goswami EastȬWestȱCenterȱWashington WorkingȱPapers areȱnonȬreviewedȱ andȱuneditedȱprepublicationsȱreportingȱonȱresearchȱinȱprogress.ȱ TheseȱworkingȱpapersȱareȱalsoȱavailableȱinȱPDFȱformatȱonȱtheȱ EastȬWestȱCenterȱWashington’sȱwebsiteȱPublicationsȱpageȱatȱ www.eastwestcenterwashington.org/publications.ȱAdditionalȱ paperȱcopiesȱcanȱbeȱobtainedȱbyȱcontactingȱtheȱtheȱEastȬWestȱ CenterȱWashingtonȱoffice.ȱȱTheȱpriceȱforȱEWCWȱWorkingȱPapers isȱ$3.00ȱeachȱplusȱpostage.ȱȱ EastȬWestȱCenter Washington Internal Displacement, Migration, and Policy in Northeastern India Executive Summary other non-native populations there has been The paper is divided into four sections: taken as an example for elucidation. Migration; Illegal Migration and Policy There is also a close look at migrations Lacunae; Ethnic Politics and Internal from the various neighboring countries and a Displacement; and State Responses to Internal discussion of illegal migration, and the state’s Displacement. In the first section I discuss the response all such migrations. The case of colonial policy environment, altered continued influx from Bangladesh—mainly administrative boundaries and concepts and into Assam—has been taken as a case in point. how all this aided/abetted large-scale The inefficacy of the various instruments migrations into the Northeast. Demographic suggested by various quarters for tackling the patterns were fast changing under the colonial problem have been discussed and the sincerity administration’s policy of importing more of all quarters towards solving the problem migrants to people a frontier region, and this questioned. approach did not lapse when a post-colonial “Illegal Migration and Policy Lacunae” government was ushered in. deals entirely with the phenomenon of I subsequently look at how colonial continued illegal migration. It outlines the legacies lived on in the postcolonial period. tragedy of confounding legal settlers with Postcolonial policies reflected this while influx illegal migrants. It suggests that the problem of population continued unabated. The case of should be addressed by its real nature, and Arunachal and settlement of refugees and propensities to color it—in a fundamentalist hue, for instance—should be questioned. Uddipana Goswami Economicsȱ beingȱ atȱ theȱ rootȱ ofȱ theȱ problem,ȱ toȱ theȱ present,ȱ andȱ toȱ addȱ toȱ thatȱ thereȱ isȱ noȱ findingȱ anȱ economicȱ solutionȱ isȱ advocated.ȱ guaranteeȱ thatȱ theȱ emotionalȱ geographiesȱ ofȱ Theȱconceptȱofȱworkȱpermitsȱtoȱdailyȱworkersȱ twoȱ rivalȱ contendersȱ forȱ theȱ sameȱ pieceȱ ofȱ fromȱ acrossȱ theȱ borderȱ isȱ examinedȱ asȱ oneȱ landȱ wouldȱ deriveȱ fromȱ theȱ sameȱ periodȱ inȱ suchȱ possibility,ȱ whileȱ examiningȱ aȱ similarȱ history.ȱ Besides,ȱ ethnicȱ boundariesȱ andȱ extraȬlegalȱsystemȱalreadyȱinȱplaceȱinȱTripura.ȱȱ definitionsȱ beingȱ dynamic,ȱ thereȱ isȱ everyȱ Itȱ alsoȱ pronouncesȱ theȱ inefficacy/ȱ possibilityȱ ofȱ splinterȱ ethnicitiesȱ demandingȱ redundancyȱ ofȱ actsȱ likeȱ theȱ Illegalȱ Migrantsȱ exclusiveȱrightsȱoverȱtheȱsameȱhomeland.ȱ (Determinationȱ byȱ Tribunals)ȱ Act,ȱ 1983ȱ andȱ Anȱinquiryȱintoȱhowȱandȱwhereȱtheȱideaȱ showsȱhowȱsuchȱanȱactȱcanȱandȱhasȱintensifiedȱ ofȱ exclusivityȱ originatedȱ follows.ȱ Itȱ isȱ tracedȱ theȱchasmȱbetweenȱcommunities.ȱ backȱ toȱ theȱ colonialȱ policiesȱ ofȱ “protectiveȱ “Ethnicȱ Politicsȱ andȱ Internalȱ DisplaceȬ discrimination”ȱ whichȱ wereȱ mythologizedȱ asȱ ment”ȱ dealsȱ withȱ internalȱ displacement.ȱ Itȱ theȱ idealȱ toolsȱ ofȱ governingȱ theȱ “others”.ȱ Inȱ startsȱ withȱ clarifyingȱ thatȱ theȱ paperȱ isȱ onlyȱ retainingȱ theseȱ colonialȱ instrumentsȱ ofȱ aboutȱ displacementȱ inducedȱ byȱ ethnicȱ governanceȱ andȱ introducingȱ changesȱ toȱ conflicts,ȱ andȱ goesȱ onȱ toȱ discussȱ theȱ kindȱ ofȱ them—forȱ instance,ȱ inȱ theȱ shapeȱ ofȱ theȱ Sixthȱ ethnicȱ politicsȱ prevalentȱ inȱ theȱ Northeastȱ Schedule—toȱ allowȱ theseȱ “other”ȱ whichȱ breedsȱ violenceȱ andȱ consequentlyȱ communitiesȱ toȱ “developȱ alongȱ theȱ linesȱ ofȱ internalȱdisplacement.ȱ theirȱ ownȱ genius”,ȱ theȱ postcolonialȱ stateȱ letȱ Itȱ discussesȱ theȱ kindsȱ ofȱ ethnicȬ looseȱaȱrhetoricȱthatȱwasȱtoȱbeȱusedȱbyȱfutureȱ formation/reformation/constructionȱ thatȱ areȱ insurgentsȱ againstȱ itȱ inȱ theȱ processȱ ofȱ rampantȱinȱtheȱNortheastȱtodayȱandȱanalyzesȱ demandingȱ protectiveȱ discriminationsȱ andȱ theȱ“fastȬfoodȱstyleȱpolitics”ȱthatȱisȱatȱtheȱrootȱ exclusiveȱ homelands.ȱ Theȱ tokenȱ natureȱ ofȱ ofȱ it.ȱ Itȱ alsoȱ analyzesȱ howȱ thisȱ brandȱ ofȱ theseȱ instrumentsȱ howeverȱ isȱ quiteȱ obviousȱ politics—whichȱ dolesȱ outȱ autonomiesȱ andȱ andȱtheyȱareȱseenȱasȱhavingȱbeenȱtakenȱdownȱ otherȱ sopsȱ atȱ theȱ dropȱ ofȱ aȱ hatȱ inȱ orderȱ toȱ toȱtheȱlevelȱofȱburlesque,ȱalmost.ȱ controlȱtheȱinfluentialȱethnicȱelite—hasȱledȱtoȱ Theȱsectionȱlooksȱatȱtheȱreorganizationȱofȱ hostilityȱandȱviolenceȱbetweenȱethnicitiesȱandȱ theȱNortheasternȱstatesȱwhichȱintensifiedȱsinceȱ communities.ȱ Newerȱ andȱ newerȱ ethnicȱ theȱ 1960s—aȱ processȱ thatȱ endedȱ inȱ 1987—asȱ formulationsȱ andȱ constructionȱ haveȱ croppedȱ anotherȱcauseȱofȱintensificationȱofȱtheȱideaȱofȱ upȱinȱorderȱtoȱreapȱtheȱbenefitsȱgrantedȱbyȱanȱ exclusiveȱ homelands.ȱ Itsȱ failureȱ isȱ shownȱ byȱ overȬgenerousȱ state.ȱ Theȱ fluxȱ andȱ fluidityȱ inȱ theȱ factȱ thatȱ evenȱ Mizoram—whichȱ hasȱ beenȱ ethnicȱ andȱ interȬethnicȱ dynamicsȱ thatȱ hasȱ toutedȱ asȱ theȱ postcolonialȱ Indianȱ state’sȱ resultedȱfromȱsuchȱpoliticsȱhasȱbeenȱillustratedȱ successfulȱ managementȱ ofȱ ethnicȱ aspiraȬ byȱ takingȱ theȱ casesȱ ofȱ theȱ Nagaȱ andȱ Bruȱ tions—hasȱ seenȱ turbulenceȱ latelyȱ andȱ identityȱ formationȱ onȱ theȱ oneȱ hand,ȱ andȱ theȱ rumblingsȱ ofȱ dissatisfactionȱ haveȱ beenȱ oftenȱ BodoȬKoch,ȱ HmarȬMizoȱ interȬrelationȱ onȱ theȱ heardȱemanatingȱfromȱit.ȱ other.ȱ Itȱshowsȱhowȱtheȱreorganizationȱofȱstatesȱ Theȱ politicsȱ ofȱ ethnicȱ homelandsȱ isȱ alsoȱ startedȱ borderȱ disputesȱ betweenȱ theȱ variousȱ heldȱresponsibleȱforȱmuchȱofȱtheȱconflicts.ȱTheȱ statesȱandȱtheseȱdisputesȱhaveȱbeenȱkeptȱaliveȱ absurdityȱofȱdemandingȱexclusiveȱhomelandsȱ andȱ allowedȱ toȱ fester.ȱ Asȱ aȱ result,ȱ thereȱ hasȱ isȱ illustratedȱ throughȱ aȱ descriptionȱ ofȱ theȱ beenȱ violenceȱ andȱ largeȬscaleȱ internalȱ overlappingȱ cartographiesȱ ofȱ variousȱ homeȬ displacement.ȱ Displacementȱ hasȱ alsoȱ beenȱ landsȱbeingȱdemandedȱbyȱinnumerableȱethnicȱ causedȱ byȱ theȱ state’sȱ counterinsurgencyȱ groups.ȱ Theȱ problem,ȱ itȱ isȱ discussed,ȱ arisesȱ measuresȱ suchȱ asȱ groupingȱ ofȱ villagesȱ inȱ becauseȱ theseȱ imaginedȱ cartographiesȱ drawȱ Mizoramȱ andȱ Manipur.ȱ Evenȱ theȱ apparentlyȱ mostlyȱ uponȱ legendary,ȱ mythicalȱ orȱ preȬ wellȬmeaningȱpoliciesȱofȱtheȱstateȱtowardsȱthisȱ colonialȱ memories,ȱ withȱ littleȱ orȱ noȱ referenceȱ regionȱ haveȱ beenȱ halfȬbaked,ȱ causingȱ moreȱ 2 Internal Displacement, Migration, and Policy in Northeastern India traumaȱ thanȱ reliefȱ toȱ theȱ targetȱ populations.ȱ IDPs.ȱRehabilitationȱisȱalsoȱmadeȱaȱcasualtyȱofȱ TheȱSulungsȱofȱArunachalȱPradeshȱareȱaȱcaseȱ theȱgameȱofȱpoliticalȱoneȬupmanship.ȱ inȱpoint.ȱ Itȱ endsȱ withȱ aȱ noteȱ ofȱ cautionȱ thatȱ aȱ Thereȱ isȱ aȱ lookȱ atȱ howȱ theȱ state’sȱ continuedȱ apatheticȱ standȱ onȱ theȱ partȱ ofȱ theȱ inaptitudeȱinȱhandlingȱethnicȱaspirationsȱleadsȱ governmentȱtowardsȱIDPsȱmightȱbreedȱfurtherȱ toȱ violence,ȱ bloodshedȱ andȱ internalȱ displacȬ insurgentȱactivities.ȱBetterȱethnicȱmanagementȱ ement.ȱForȱexample,ȱwhenȱtheȱBodoȱlaunchedȱ instrumentsȱ areȱ calledȱ for,ȱ inȱ theȱ absenceȱ ofȱ aȱ movementȱ inȱ 1987ȱ toȱ demandȱ anȱ ethnicȱ whichȱtheȱstateȱmightȱnotȱbeȱableȱtoȱretainȱitsȱ homeland,ȱtheȱstateȱfirstȱusedȱthemȱforȱitsȱownȱ dubiousȱcontrolȱoverȱtheȱNortheast.ȱ endsȱ andȱ fueledȱ anȱ alreadyȱ volatileȱ interȬ ȱ ethnicȱ relationship.ȱ Itȱ thenȱ setȱ
Recommended publications
  • Lohit District GAZETTEER of INDIA ARUNACHAL PRADESH LOHIT DISTRICT ARUNACHAL PRADESH DISTRICT GAZETTEERS

    Lohit District GAZETTEER of INDIA ARUNACHAL PRADESH LOHIT DISTRICT ARUNACHAL PRADESH DISTRICT GAZETTEERS

    Ciazetteer of India ARUNACHAL PRADESH Lohit District GAZETTEER OF INDIA ARUNACHAL PRADESH LOHIT DISTRICT ARUNACHAL PRADESH DISTRICT GAZETTEERS LOHIT DISTRICT By S. DUTTA CHOUDHURY Editor GOVERNMENT OF ARUNACHAL PRADESH 1978 Published by Shri M.P. Hazarika Director of Information and Public Relations Government of Amnachal Pradesh, Shillong Printed by Shri K.K. Ray at Navana Printing Works Private Limited 47 Ganesh Chunder Avenue Calcutta 700 013 ' Government of Arunachal Pradesh FirstEdition: 19781 First Reprint Edition: 2008 ISBN- 978-81-906587-0-6 Price:.Rs. 225/- Reprinted by M/s Himalayan Publishers Legi Shopping Corqplex, BankTinali,Itanagar-791 111. FOREWORD I have much pleasure in introducing the Lohit Distri<^ Gazetteer, the first of a series of District Gazetteers proposed to be brought out by the Government of Arunachal Pradesh. A'Gazetteer is a repository of care­ fully collected and systematically collated information on a wide range of subjects pertaining to a particular area. These information are of con­ siderable importance and interest. Since independence, Arunachal Pra­ desh has been making steady progress in various spheres. This north-east frontier comer of the country has, during these years, witnessed tremen­ dous changes in social, economic, political and cultural spheres. These changes are reflected in die Gazetteers. 1 hope that as a reflex of these changes, the Lohit District Gazetteer would prove to be quite useful not only to the administrators but also to researdi schplars and all those who are keen to know in detail about one of the districts of Arunachal Pradesh. Raj Niwas K. A. A. Raja Itanagar-791 111 Lieutenant Governor, Arunachal Pradesh October 5, i m Vili I should like to take this opportunity of expressing my deep sense of gratitude to Shri K; A.
  • Justification of the Project in Forest Area 132Kv Nirjuli-Gohpur Transmission Line

    Justification of the Project in Forest Area 132Kv Nirjuli-Gohpur Transmission Line

    JUSTIFICATION OF THE PROJECT IN FOREST AREA 132KV NIRJULI-GOHPUR TRANSMISSION LINE Ministry of Civil Aviation, Govt of India has accorded approval for setting up a Domestic Greenfield Airport at Hollongi, Itanagar, Arunachal Pradesh for “Public Use” category vide No. AV.204018/25/2015-AD Dated: 18-01-2019. Subsequently, Hon'ble Prime Minister of India, Sh. Narendra Modi, has laid the foundation stone for the project on 09-Feb-2019. Government of Arunachal Pradesh has handed over 667 acres to Airport Authority of India through District Administration, Papum Pare, Arunachal Pradesh as a follow up action for initiating the works related to the project. The land handed over to AAI by District Administration of Papum Pare, Arunachal Pradesh has an 132KV inter-state transmission line, maintained by Power Grid Corporation of India Ltd. The said line is running through the allocated land of the airport, hence it needs to be shifted/diverted to facilitate the construction of Greenfield Airport. It is to mentioned that the 132KV inter-State transmission line is connected to 132/33KV Gohpur Sub-Station of AEGCL from POWERGRID Nirjuli Sub-Station and caters power requirement of the adjoining areas of Gohpur. The line corridor is interfering the Aircraft's approach & takeoff funnel as well as the boundary of the Hollongi Airport. Hence the shifting of the said high tension line is necessary to facilitate the landing approach of the aircraft and to facilitate the construction of the Greenfield airport at Hollongi. A pictorial view of the airstrip runway and the approach & takeoff funnel is shown in the attached map below for ready reference.

  • Social Structure of Meitei-Pangal (Muslims) of Manipur Abstract Thesis

    SOCIAL STRUCTURE OF MEITEI-PANGAL (MUSLIMS) OF MANIPUR ABSTRACT THESIS SUBMITTED FOR THE AWARD OF THE DEGREE OF 3 a dot of |pl|U0S0pl|y SOCIOLOGY By RAJIYA SHAHANI UNDER THE SUPERVISION OF PROF. NOOR MOHAMMAD DEPARTMENT OF SOCIOLOGY AND SOCIAL WORK ALIGARH MUSLIM UNIVERSITY ALIGARH (INDIA) 2006 ABSTRACT In the present piece of research work, the basic institutions of Meitei-Pangal of Manipur have been analyzed from structural functional perspectives. Though old, the structural functional approach is a dominant sociological perspective. The background of the structural functionalism is found in the works of A. Comte, H. Spencer and E. Durkheim. Comte applied this perspective in his work, more prominently in his theory of organicism. H. Spencer also adopted organicism which led him to look at the social whole and the contribution of parts to the whole. E.Durkheim's interest in the social facts reflects his interest in the social organicism and their interrelationships and impact in the society. The major concern of these perspectives is the analysis of the structure and functions of a society that a social system needs to survive. Parsons is considered one of the giants of this perspectives. His structural-functional analysis becomes conspicuous when he says that - four basic conditions have to be met if any social system is to operate at all. These are : adaptation, goal attainment , integration and latency . These conditions are fulfilled by four institutions viz. economy, polity, kinship and culture. The Meitei-Pangal community of Manipur also meets these basic conditions of the social system . Islam is their religion.
  • Government of Arunachal Pradesh Directorate of Higher & Technical

    Government of Arunachal Pradesh Directorate of Higher & Technical

    GOVERNMENT OF ARUNACHAL PRADESH DIRECTORATE OF HIGHER & TECHNICAL EDUCATION ITANAGAR No. ED/HE-40/JEE/2020 Dated: Itanagar, the 17th Nov’ 2020 FIRST OF OF SEAT ALLOTMENT FOR PCB GROUP COURSES Based on the rank in NEET(UG)2020 and choices submitted, the allotment of seat in the Academic Program and Institute shown against each has been made in the 1st Round of seat allotment for the various PCB Group courses. Candidates are therefore required to complete all the steps mandatorily as per the given schedule of PCB Group Counseling 2020 otherwise the allotment of seat would be cancelled and they will have no right, whatsoever, over the seat allotted. CATEGORY – I UG UG SL. UG NEET NEET NEET NAME OF CANDIDATE COURSE ALLOTTED NAME OF INSTITUTE NO. ROLL NO SCORE RANK 1 1301003246 596 21906 PUNYO SANGO CHOICE NOT SUBMITTED North East Indira Gandhi Regional Institute of Health and Medical 2 1301002318 565 39006 YIKAR NGUKI MBBS Sciences, Shillong North East Indira Gandhi Regional Institute of Health and Medical 3 1301010116 564 39496 NIAGAM PIGIA MBBS Sciences, Shillong North East Indira Gandhi Regional Institute of Health and Medical 4 1301002114 560 42144 TOKO YALAM MBBS Sciences, Shillong North East Indira Gandhi Regional Institute of Health and Medical 5 1301008218 555 45495 PERSIA BUI MBBS Sciences, Shillong 6 1301010224 551 47988 HONKAP WANGJEN MBBS Tomo Riba Institute of Health and Medical Sciences, Naharlagan 7 1301007271 524 67278 TEIKESI MINING MBBS Regional Institute of Medical Science, Imphal 8 1301005093 514 75524 NANI NUNIA MBBS
  • Some Principles of the Use of Macro-Areas Language Dynamics &A

    Some Principles of the Use of Macro-Areas Language Dynamics &A

    Online Appendix for Harald Hammarstr¨om& Mark Donohue (2014) Some Principles of the Use of Macro-Areas Language Dynamics & Change Harald Hammarstr¨om& Mark Donohue The following document lists the languages of the world and their as- signment to the macro-areas described in the main body of the paper as well as the WALS macro-area for languages featured in the WALS 2005 edi- tion. 7160 languages are included, which represent all languages for which we had coordinates available1. Every language is given with its ISO-639-3 code (if it has one) for proper identification. The mapping between WALS languages and ISO-codes was done by using the mapping downloadable from the 2011 online WALS edition2 (because a number of errors in the mapping were corrected for the 2011 edition). 38 WALS languages are not given an ISO-code in the 2011 mapping, 36 of these have been assigned their appropri- ate iso-code based on the sources the WALS lists for the respective language. This was not possible for Tasmanian (WALS-code: tsm) because the WALS mixes data from very different Tasmanian languages and for Kualan (WALS- code: kua) because no source is given. 17 WALS-languages were assigned ISO-codes which have subsequently been retired { these have been assigned their appropriate updated ISO-code. In many cases, a WALS-language is mapped to several ISO-codes. As this has no bearing for the assignment to macro-areas, multiple mappings have been retained. 1There are another couple of hundred languages which are attested but for which our database currently lacks coordinates.
  • Numbers in Bengali Language

    Numbers in Bengali Language

    NUMBERS IN BENGALI LANGUAGE A dissertation submitted to Assam University, Silchar in partial fulfilment of the requirement for the degree of Masters of Arts in Department of Linguistics. Roll - 011818 No - 2083100012 Registration No 03-120032252 DEPARTMENT OF LINGUISTICS SCHOOL OF LANGUAGE ASSAM UNIVERSITY SILCHAR 788011, INDIA YEAR OF SUBMISSION : 2020 CONTENTS Title Page no. Certificate 1 Declaration by the candidate 2 Acknowledgement 3 Chapter 1: INTRODUCTION 1.1.0 A rapid sketch on Assam 4 1.2.0 Etymology of “Assam” 4 Geographical Location 4-5 State symbols 5 Bengali language and scripts 5-6 Religion 6-9 Culture 9 Festival 9 Food havits 10 Dresses and Ornaments 10-12 Music and Instruments 12-14 Chapter 2: REVIEW OF LITERATURE 15-16 Chapter 3: OBJECTIVES AND METHODOLOGY Objectives 16 Methodology and Sources of Data 16 Chapter 4: NUMBERS 18-20 Chapter 5: CONCLUSION 21 BIBLIOGRAPHY 22 CERTIFICATE DEPARTMENT OF LINGUISTICS SCHOOL OF LANGUAGES ASSAM UNIVERSITY SILCHAR DATE: 15-05-2020 Certified that the dissertation/project entitled “Numbers in Bengali Language” submitted by Roll - 011818 No - 2083100012 Registration No 03-120032252 of 2018-2019 for Master degree in Linguistics in Assam University, Silchar. It is further certified that the candidate has complied with all the formalities as per the requirements of Assam University . I recommend that the dissertation may be placed before examiners for consideration of award of the degree of this university. 5.10.2020 (Asst. Professor Paramita Purkait) Name & Signature of the Supervisor Department of Linguistics Assam University, Silchar 1 DECLARATION I hereby Roll - 011818 No - 2083100012 Registration No – 03-120032252 hereby declare that the subject matter of the dissertation entitled ‘Numbers in Bengali language’ is the record of the work done by me.
  • State Denial, Local Controversies and Everyday Resistance Among the Santal in Bangladesh

    State Denial, Local Controversies and Everyday Resistance Among the Santal in Bangladesh

    The Issue of Identity: State Denial, Local Controversies and Everyday Resistance among the Santal in Bangladesh PhD Dissertation to attain the title of Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) Submitted to the Faculty of Philosophische Fakultät I: Sozialwissenschaften und historische Kulturwissenschaften Institut für Ethnologie und Philosophie Seminar für Ethnologie Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg This thesis presented and defended in public on 21 January 2020 at 13.00 hours By Farhat Jahan February 2020 Supervisor: Prof. Dr. Burkhard Schnepel Reviewers: Prof. Dr. Burkhard Schnepel Prof. Dr. Carmen Brandt Assessment Committee: Prof. Dr. Carmen Brandt Prof. Dr. Kirsten Endres Prof. Dr. Rahul Peter Das To my parents Noor Afshan Khatoon and Ghulam Hossain Siddiqui Who transitioned from this earth but taught me to find treasure in the trivial matters of life. Abstract The aim of this thesis is to trace transformations among the Santal of Bangladesh. To scrutinize these transformations, the hegemonic power exercised over the Santal and their struggle to construct a Santal identity are comprehensively examined in this thesis. The research locations were multi-sited and employed qualitative methodology based on fifteen months of ethnographic research in 2014 and 2015 among the Santal, one of the indigenous groups living in the plains of north-west Bangladesh. To speculate over the transitions among the Santal, this thesis investigates the impact of external forces upon them, which includes the epochal events of colonization and decolonization, and profound correlated effects from evangelization or proselytization. The later emergence of the nationalist state of Bangladesh contained a legacy of hegemony allowing the Santal to continue to be dominated.
  • The Challenge of Peace in Nagaland

    The Challenge of Peace in Nagaland

    India talks with Naga rebels The challenge of peace in Nagaland BY RUPAK CHATTOPADHYAY There are times when the of the most complex. Government of India and armed separatists are not only willing to talk The Nagas before 1975 but to agree on something. That happened on January 31 in Bangkok There are seventeen major and an when both India and one such group, equal number of smaller Naga tribes, the National Socialist Council of each with its own recognizable dialect Nagaland — Isaac Muivah faction, and customs, linked traditionally by a known as NSCN-IM, extended an shared way of life and religious eight-year-old ceasefire for another In New Delhi, the Secretary-General of India's practices, and indeed more recently by six months as both sides attempt to upper house of parliament receives members of Christianity. There are more than 14 find a solution to this long-running the Nagaland Legislative Assembly. tribes that make up the Nagas. Tribal insurgency. conflicts have complicated the process The Naga revolt is centred in the state of Nagaland – one of of peacemaking in the state of seven in North East India. They are known as the “seven Nagaland, and other Naga inhabited areas, over the years. sisters”: Nagaland, Assam, Manipur, Tripura, Meghalaya, Nagas also reside in the states of Arunachal Pradesh, Arunachal Pradesh and Mizoram, which are among the Assam and Manipur. most neglected and underdeveloped parts of India. The The Naga rebellion dates back to India’s independence in North East is a remote region connected to the rest of India 1947, when separatist sentiments represented by A.
  • Histrical Background Changlang District Covered with Picturesque Hills Lies in the South-Eastern Corner of Arunachal Pradesh, Northeast India

    Histrical Background Changlang District Covered with Picturesque Hills Lies in the South-Eastern Corner of Arunachal Pradesh, Northeast India

    Histrical Background Changlang District covered with picturesque hills lies in the south-eastern corner of Arunachal Pradesh, northeast India. It has an area of 4,662 sqr. Km and a population of 1,48,226 persons as per 2011 Census. According to legend the name Changlang owes its origin to the local word CHANGLANGKAN which means a hilltop where people discovered the poisonous herb, which is used for poisoning fish in the river. Changlang District has reached the stage in its present set up through a gradual development of Administration. Prior to 14th November 1987, it was a part of Tirap District. Under the Arunachal Pradesh Reorganization of Districts Amendment Bill, 1987,the Government of Arunachal Pradesh, formally declared the area as a new District on 14th November 1987 and became 10th district of Arunachal Pradesh. The legacy of Second World War, the historic Stilwell Road (Ledo Road), which was constructed during the Second World War by the Allied Soldiers from Ledo in Assam, India to Kunming, China via hills and valleys of impenetrable forests of north Burma (Myanmar) which section of this road is also passed through Changlang district of Arunachal Pradesh and remnant of Second World War Cemetery one can see at Jairampur – Nampong road. Location and Boundary The District lies between the Latitudes 26°40’N and 27°40’N, and Longitudes 95°11’E and 97°11’E .It is bounded by Tinsukia District of Assam and Lohit District of Arunachal Pradesh in the north, by Tirap District in the west and by Myanmar in the south-east.
  • The Chittagonians in Colonial Arakan: Seasonal and Settlement Migrations Jacques Leider

    The Chittagonians in Colonial Arakan: Seasonal and Settlement Migrations Jacques Leider

    The Chittagonians in Colonial Arakan: Seasonal and Settlement Migrations Jacques Leider To cite this version: Jacques Leider. The Chittagonians in Colonial Arakan: Seasonal and Settlement Migrations. Morten Bergsmo; Wolfgang Kaleck; Kyaw Yin Hlaing. Colonial Wrongs and Access to International Law, 40, Torkel Opsahl Academic EPublisher, pp.177-227, 2020, Publication Series, 978-82-8348-134-1. hal- 02997366 HAL Id: hal-02997366 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02997366 Submitted on 10 Nov 2020 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Public Domain Colonial Wrongs and Access to International Law Morten Bergsmo, Wolfgang Kaleck and Kyaw Yin Hlaing (editors) E-Offprint: Jacques P. Leider, “The Chittagonians in Colonial Arakan: Seasonal and Settlement Migrations”, in Morten Bergsmo, Wolfgang Kaleck and Kyaw Yin Hlaing (editors), Colonial Wrongs and Access to International Law, Torkel Opsahl Academic EPub- lisher, Brussels, 2020 (ISBNs: 978-82-8348-133-4 (print) and 978-82-8348-134-1 (e- book)). This publication was first published on 9 November 2020. TOAEP publications may be openly accessed and downloaded through the web site https://www.toaep.org which uses Persistent URLs (PURLs) for all publications it makes available.
  • Counter-Insurgency Vs. Counter-Terrorism in Mindanao

    Counter-Insurgency Vs. Counter-Terrorism in Mindanao

    THE PHILIPPINES: COUNTER-INSURGENCY VS. COUNTER-TERRORISM IN MINDANAO Asia Report N°152 – 14 May 2008 TABLE OF CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY AND RECOMMENDATIONS................................................. i I. INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................................... 1 II. ISLANDS, FACTIONS AND ALLIANCES ................................................................ 3 III. AHJAG: A MECHANISM THAT WORKED .......................................................... 10 IV. BALIKATAN AND OPLAN ULTIMATUM............................................................. 12 A. EARLY SUCCESSES..............................................................................................................12 B. BREAKDOWN ......................................................................................................................14 C. THE APRIL WAR .................................................................................................................15 V. COLLUSION AND COOPERATION ....................................................................... 16 A. THE AL-BARKA INCIDENT: JUNE 2007................................................................................17 B. THE IPIL INCIDENT: FEBRUARY 2008 ..................................................................................18 C. THE MANY DEATHS OF DULMATIN......................................................................................18 D. THE GEOGRAPHICAL REACH OF TERRORISM IN MINDANAO ................................................19
  • A Study of Inpui Adjective

    A Study of Inpui Adjective

    EUROPEAN ACADEMIC RESEARCH Vol. II, Issue 11/ February 2015 Impact Factor: 3.1 (UIF) ISSN 2286-4822 DRJI Value: 5.9 (B+) www.euacademic.org A Study of Inpui Adjective WAIKHOM PINKY DEVI Resource Person NTS, Central Institute of Indian Languages (CIIL) Abstract The present paper is an attempt to describe the formation and role of adjectives in ‘Inpui’, an endangered and undocumented language of Manipur. The language belongs to the Naga-Bodo sub group of Kabui section of Tibeto-Burman family (cf: Grierson, LSI Volume III, part II). Inpui is an SOV language. Inpui adjectives are derived through the affixation of the attributive derivational prefix -kə to the verbal noun. For example, the adjective ‘kəsinnu’ ‘small’ is derived from the stative verb ‘sin’ ‘be small’ as in ‘kəsinnu naupəŋ’ ‘small boy’ where naupəŋ is ‘boy’. In this language the position of adjectives and nouns are interchangeable i.e. adjectives may appear before or after the nouns they modify as in ‘kəsinnu naupəŋ’ ‘small boy’ or ‘naupəŋ kəsinnu’ ‘small boy’. Five types of adjective will be discussed in this paper viz. Adjective denoting quality (‘kəsanu nausen’ ‘good child’), Adjective denoting quantity (‘bu kəsem’ ‘some rice’); Adjective denoting numerals (‘dip kəni’ ‘two books’), Adjective denoting demonstrative (‘həgə təlathu’ ‘this shirt’) and Adjective of comparison (‘kə-bum-dom-nu ben’ ‘blacker pot’). The paper will also throw a light on the area of prototypical adjectives (size, colour, auditory qualities, shape, taste and tactile) and less prototypical adjectives (evaluative, transitory states and states of living). Adjectives reduplication will also be discussed at the end of the paper.