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297 © Springer International Publishing AG 2017 A.S. Khan Index A Albedo, 270 Abacetus candidus, 100 Albino rats, 28, 45, 69, 112, 137, 147, 161, 166 Abietane, 98 Albizzine, 217 Abortifacient, 15, 16, 113, 115, 187–205, 220, Aleosin, 5 225, 226, 241, 243 Alexipharmic, 123 Acarbose, 38 Alkaloids, 2, 5, 6, 8, 10, 12, 13, 23, 30, 34, 36, Acetic acid writhing, 160, 168, 171, 174 38, 42–45, 59, 60, 62, 64, 69, 70, 73, 79, Acetophenone, 75 80, 85, 88, 89, 100, 102, 109, 114–116, Acetovanillone, 178, 179 119, 120, 124, 127, 135, 148, 168, 169, Acetylation, 6 178, 181, 189, 204, 214, 216, 221, 222, Achrassaponin, 23 227, 229, 235, 238, 243, 247, 271 Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome Allamandin, 73, 75 (AIDS), 9, 109, 119, 123 Allamcin, 73, 75 Acuminate, 43, 122, 166, 175, 195, 200 Allelopathic, 3, 32, 258, 259 Acute, 64, 70, 100 Alliin, 133 Adaptogenic, 43 Allohimachol, 91 Adenocarcinoma, 6 Alloxan, 35 Adenophyllone, 120 α-amyrin acetate, 94, 152, 153 Adenovirus type 2, 9 α-spinasterol, 94, 122 Adipocytes, 21, 102 Alpinumi soflavone, 223 Adrenaline, 16 Alterante arrangement, 23, 44, 123, 180, Aegeline, 5, 114 243, 280 A549 cells, 62, 217 Alternaria alternate, 97 Aflatoxin, 100, 139 Alzheimer’s disease, 3, 261, 272 Afzelechin, 249, 250 Amentoflavone, 143 Afzelin, 123, 124, 221, 222 Amnesia, 42 Agar well diffusion method, 9 Amoebicide, 89 Aglycone oleandrigenin, 13, 148, 149 Amygdallin, 5, 7 Aglycones, 13, 32, 116, 148149, 239, 240 Amyrin, 75 AIDS. See Acquired immunodeficiency Anacardiaceae, 9, 256, 259, 279, 280 syndrome (AIDS) Analgesic, 4, 13, 14, 28, 36, 44, 67, 70, 71, 92, Ailanthinol B, 88 93, 97, 113, 115–119, 135, 144, 147, Ailanthinone, 88 159–181, 191, 193, 200, 220, 229, 230, Ailanthone, 88 268, 284 Albafuran, 43 Andrographolide, 133 Albanol, 43 Angina, 13, 149, 152 © Springer International Publishing AG 2017 297 A.S. Khan, Medicinally Important Trees, DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-56777-8 298 Index Annonaceae, 99 Antioxidants, 3, 6, 12, 17, 34, 38, 43, 44, 56, Anolignan, 110 60, 62, 64, 66, 69–71, 74–76, 78, 80, Anthelmintic, 28, 36, 62, 89, 97, 118, 123, 89, 98, 114, 115, 117, 124–127, 133, 177, 178, 193, 202 135, 138, 140, 144, 149, 168, 178, 181, Anthocyanins, 3, 12, 67, 124, 133, 135, 200, 195, 199, 200, 202, 217, 221, 225, 241, 202, 221, 239, 261, 267, 280, 283, 290 256, 259–261, 267, 273, 275, 276, 283, Anthraquinone(s), 22, 23, 38, 58, 93, 94, 127, 218 284, 286, 290, 291 Antiaging, 34, 42, 257, 262 Antiplasmodial, 7, 14, 85, 181, 223 Antiallergic, 17, 116, 119, 127, 280 Antiproliferative, 89, 112, 113, 199, 284 Antiasthmatic, 89, 113 Antipyretic, 4, 13–15, 95, 102, 115, 117, 118, Antiatherosclerosis, 3, 275 139, 140, 149, 159–182, 199, 214, 215, Antibacterial, 10, 11, 17, 28, 31, 34, 36, 38, 220, 225, 229, 238–240, 257, 275 60, 75, 80, 86, 88, 89–91, 93, 95, Antiseptic, 6, 64, 91, 97, 144, 167, 168, 177, 97–102, 104, 113–117, 127, 140, 191, 200, 201, 275 193, 195, 205, 214–216, 220, 221, 224, Antispasmodic, 91, 144, 283 225, 227, 237, 239, 241, 243–245, Antispermatogenic, 152, 191 247–250, 260, 268, 271, 274, 289 Antistaphylococcal, 62 Antibiotic, 2, 3, 9, 12, 24, 85, 94, 97, 237 Antithrombotic, 62 Anticarcinogenesis, 55 Antitumor, 6, 17, 34, 47, 57, 60, 71, 72, 98, Anticarcinogenic, 3, 28, 36, 55, 70, 73, 126, 116, 117, 144, 205, 229, 275, 283 248, 267, 271, 276, 283 Antiviral, 3, 4, 9–12, 28, 85, 86, 89, 91, 110, Anticirrhosis, 12 113, 114, 117, 120, 124, 127, 202, 238, Anti-dengue, 63, 64 249, 261, 276, 280, 281, 289–291 Anti-depressing, 36, 70284 Anvirzel, 149 Antidiabetic, 4–7, 11, 14, 15, 17, 18, 21–48, Anxiolytic, 7, 44, 181, 223, 257, 269 60, 67, 80, 89, 90, 95, 97, 102, 113, Apetalous, 204 126, 127, 140, 143, 149, 168, 174, 175, Aphrodisiac, 2, 4, 14–16, 42, 115, 123, 178, 179, 181, 182, 191, 195, 200, 202, 187–205, 228, 239–241, 243, 248, 249, 219, 225, 226, 235, 236, 239, 240, 247, 257, 259 256, 258, 260, 263, 267–269, 274–276, Apigenin(s), 9, 43, 59, 67, 116, 120, 133, 140, 280, 281, 284 141, 177, 202, 290 Antieczema, 34 Apocynaceae, 72, 85, 134, 139, 147, 152 Antifertile, 14–16, 89, 91, 191, 200–202 Apoptosis, 8, 64, 67, 70, 71, 80, 149, 289 Antifungal, 3, 4, 9, 10, 17, 22, 31, 36, 64, 69, Apotirucallane, 102 78, 85, 86, 88, 91, 93, 94, 96, 99, 102, Appetizer, 38, 143 103, 110, 116, 139, 143, 152, 167, 168, Aqueous extracts, 23, 24, 27, 28, 35, 36, 42, 181, 191, 193, 200, 225–227, 243, 244, 43, 45, 64, 69, 88, 89, 97, 100, 102, 249, 256, 280, 281, 290, 291 119, 140, 238, 241, 245, 247, 256 Antihepatitis, 12 Arboran, 5 Anti-HIV, 2–4, 9–12, 56, 67, 109–127 Arcurcumene, 196 Antihyperlipidemic, 22, 28, 38, 116 Areoles, 47 Anti-inflammatory, 3, 13, 14, 17, 34, 58, 60, 62, Aril, 62, 218, 286 67, 70, 73, 75, 76, 91, 97, 98, 112, 113, Arjunolic acid, 12, 149, 151 115–117, 119, 139, 140, 144, 147, 152, Aromatherapy, 36, 69, 272, 275 160, 166–168, 173, 174, 176–178, 200, Arterial macrophage, 12 202, 214, 219–221, 227, 228, 239, 241, Arthritis, 72, 92, 98, 139, 202, 223, 279 242, 247, 248, 256, 259, 260, 271, 275 Artocarpanone, 113 Anti-influenza, 93 Artocarpetin, 112 Anti-malarial, 2, 10, 28, 38, 63, 64, 67, 86, 89, Artocarpins, 112 97, 110, 120, 221, 225, 226, 284 Asclerodanediterpenes, 100 Antimellin, 124 Aspergillus sp. Antimicrobial, 2, 24, 58, 85, 112, 135, 166, A. fumigatus, 88, 93 188, 214, 235, 256, 267 A. niger, 28, 88, 93, 97, 140, 226 Antinociceptive, 62, 139, 168, 238, 259, 260 A. parasiticus, 100 Index 299 Aspirin, 13, 159, 176, 177 Bisabolene, 196 Asteraceae, 21 Bis-indole alkaloid, 5 Asthma, 29, 34, 38, 89, 98, 115, 123, 143, Blennorrhea, 75 191, 199, 218, 249, 276, 284 Bombacaceae, 24, 162 Astragalin, 221, 222 Bombamalones, 25 Astringent, 3, 24, 27, 29, 67, 89, 91, 93, 97, Bombaxquinone B, 25 102, 123, 144, 177, 178, 205, 214, 223, Borneol, 171 241, 280, 284, 286 Botrytis cinerea, 97 Atherogenic, 152 Bracts, 34, 35, 89, 90, 193, 195, 258 Atherosclerosis, 3, 12, 55, 152, 275 Brassicaceae, 9 Axillary, 122, 180, 195, 218, 220, 221, 236, 270 Brassinosteroids, 6, 8 Ayurvedic, 1, 4, 69, 92, 97, 152, 241 Breast cancer, 6–8, 64, 80, 271, 286, 289 Azadirachitin, 95, 97 Brewer’s yeast, 160, 166, 182 Azafluorenealkaloids, 100 Bromelain, 8 Bronchitis, 90, 115, 168, 172, 178, 216, 282, 284 Brosimone, 112 B Broth dilution assays, 9 Bacillus sp. Broussoflavonols, 192 B. anthracis, 75 B16f10 melanoma, 71, 70 B. cereus, 69, 92, 97, 144, 191, 249, 250 Buchapine, 12 B. subtilis, 28, 64, 66, 85, 88, 89, 93, 95, Busseins, 92, 93 98, 102, 140, 178, 195, 237, 241, 243, Butylated hydroxy anisole (BHA), 113, 114 247, 249, 250 Butylated hydroxy toluene (BHT), 113, 114 Balaphonin, 179 Balsam, 9 Barringtogenol, 28 C B-cells, 71, 70 Cactaceae, 45 Bee glue, 9 Cadabicine, 138 Bengalinoside, 5 Cadinane sesquiterpenoids, 25 Benzyl isothiocyanate, 64 Cadinene, 171 Berberine, 9, 10 Caducous, 122 Bergapten, 239, 247 Caesalpinoideae, 211, 218, 221, 225 Berry, 23, 62, 138, 140, 152, 200, 261, 286 Caffeic acid, 36, 110, 143, 200, 237, 238, β-lactam, 98 261, 286 β-setosterol, 25, 245 Caffeoylquinic acid, 32 β-sitosteryl glycoside, 6 Cajanins, 193 Betacyanins, 173, 172 Calanolide, 12 Betalain, 133 Calycosins, 193 Betulin, 67, 144, 147 Calystegin, 43 Betulinic acid, 2, 12, 56, 67, 94, 122, 123, Campestrol, 102, 239, 247 144, 179, 190 Camphene, 32, 167, 168 BHA. See Butylated hydroxy anisole (BHA) Camphor, 32, 75, 86, 87 BHT. See Butylated hydroxy toluene (BHT) Camptothecin, 5, 56 Bicyclogermacrene, 168, 169 Candida albicans, 64, 98, 178, 202, 226, 249 Bicyclomahanimbicine, 44 Candidiasis, 119, 200 Biflavonoids, 110, 143, 174 Capillary zone electrophoresis, 4 Bignoniaceae, 36, 67, 102, 120 Capitulum, 213 Bilobed, 58, 286 Capparaceae, 138 Biochanin, 3, 6 Capsaicin, 9 Biodegradable, 85, 202, 211 Capsule, 25, 67, 92, 100, 119, 127, 147, 166, Biofuel, 17, 78, 120 172, 177, 195, 202 Bioindicator, 62 Carbazole, 44 Biopesticides, 85 Carbon tetrachloride (CCl4), 137, 140, 144, Bipinnately compound, 44, 116, 213, 214, 216 147, 149 300 Index Carcinogens, 55, 57, 267, 289 CNS. See Central nervous system (CNS) Cardenolides, 149, 152 Cold, 24, 34, 90, 97, 117, 167, 168, 174, 175, Cardioactive glycosides, 3, 13, 135, 136, 148, 178, 182, 191, 199, 216, 260, 275 152, 153, 195, 196 Collagen, 65, 193, 194 Cardioprotective, 3, 4, 12–13, 25, 133–154, Colon carcinoma, 66, 271 255, 257–259, 262, 268 Combretaceae, 29, 104, 137, 149 Caricaceae, 62 Combretastatin, 56, 64 Caricin, 64 Complete, 41, 247 Carminative, 91, 126, 200, 241, 275 Compositae, 9 Carnphor, 79, 80 Compound, 1–10, 12–14, 21–25, 28, 32, 34, Carotene, 43, 44, 62, 64, , 270 36, 39, 43, 44, 55–57, 59, 60, 62, 64, Carotenoids, 5, 23, 47, 133, 144, 221, 280, 66, 67–69, 71–73, 75, 78–80, 85, 86, 282, 283, 290 88–91, 93–95, 97, 98, 100, 102, 109, Carpaine, 62–64 110, 112, 113, 115, 116, 119, 120, 122, Carposide, 62, 63 124, 133, 135, 137, 138, 140, 143, 144, Carrageenan, 112, 174 147, 149, 160, 161, 168, 172, 176–179, Casuarinaceae, 28 182, 189, 190, 192, 193, 195, 211, 213, Casuarine, 28 214, 216–218, 220–225, 227, 235, Catechins, 9, 12, 28, 102, 205, 249, 250, 261, 237–239, 245, 247, 249, 255, 256, 276, 280, 282 258–261, 267, 268, 273–277, 280, 281, Catechols, 9, 177, 205 283, 286, 289, 290 Cathartic, 118, 120, 202, 218 Condensed tannins, 3 Catkins, 28, 43, 175–177, 192, 228, 258 Cones, 70, 71, 79, 98, 99, 143, 144, 169, 170 CCl4.
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