6 Phenolics in Foods
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Naturally Occurring Aurones and Chromones- a Potential Organic Therapeutic Agents Improvisingnutritional Security +Rajesh Kumar Dubey1,Priyanka Dixit2, Sunita Arya3
ISSN: 2319-8753 International Journal of Innovative Research in Science, Engineering and Technology (An ISO 3297: 2007 Certified Organization) Vol. 3, Issue 1, January 2014 Naturally Occurring Aurones and Chromones- a Potential Organic Therapeutic Agents ImprovisingNutritional Security +Rajesh Kumar Dubey1,Priyanka Dixit2, Sunita Arya3 Director General, PERI, M-2/196, Sector-H, Aashiana, Lucknow-226012,UP, India1 Department of Biotechnology, SVU Gajraula, Amroha UP, India1 Assistant Professor, MGIP, Lucknow, UP, India2 Assistant Professor, DGPG College, Kanpur,UP, India3 Abstract: Until recently, pharmaceuticals used for the treatment of diseases have been based largely on the production of relatively small organic molecules synthesized by microbes or by organic chemistry. These include most antibiotics, analgesics, hormones, and other pharmaceuticals. Increasingly, attention has focused on larger and more complex protein molecules as therapeutic agents. This publication describes the types of biologics produced in plants and the plant based organic therapeutic agent's production systems in use. KeyWords: Antecedent, Antibiotics; Anticancer;Antiparasitic; Antileishmanial;Antifungal Analgesics; Flavonoids; Hormones; Pharmaceuticals. I. INTRODUCTION Naturally occurring pharmaceutical and chemical significance of these compounds offer interesting possibilities in exploring their more pharmacological and biocidal potentials. One of the main objectives of organic and medicinal chemistry is the design, synthesis and production of molecules having value as human therapeutic agents [1]. Flavonoids comprise a widespread group of more than 400 higher plant secondary metabolites. Flavonoids are structurally derived from parent substance flavone. Many flavonoids are easily recognized as water soluble flower pigments in most flowering plants. According to their color, Flavonoids pigments have been classified into two groups:(a) The red-blue anthocyanin's and the yellow anthoxanthins,(b)Aurones are a class of flavonoids called anthochlor pigments[2]. -
Adaptive Radiations: from Field to Genomic Studies
Adaptive radiations: From field to genomic studies Scott A. Hodges and Nathan J. Derieg1 Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Marine Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 Adaptive radiations were central to Darwin’s formation of his phenotype–environment correlation, (iii) trait utility, and (iv) theory of natural selection, and today they are still the centerpiece rapid speciation. Monophyly and rapid speciation for many of for many studies of adaptation and speciation. Here, we review the the classic examples of adaptive radiation have been established advantages of adaptive radiations, especially recent ones, for by using molecular techniques [e.g., cichlids (4), Galapagos detecting evolutionary trends and the genetic dissection of adap- finches (5, 6), and Hawaiian silverswords (7)]. Ecological and tive traits. We focus on Aquilegia as a primary example of these manipulative experiments are used to identify and test pheno- advantages and highlight progress in understanding the genetic type–environmental correlations and trait utility. Ultimately, basis of flower color. Phylogenetic analysis of Aquilegia indicates such studies have pointed to the link between divergent natural that flower color transitions proceed by changes in the types of selection and reproductive isolation and, thus, speciation (3). anthocyanin pigments produced or their complete loss. Biochem- Studies of adaptive radiations have exploded during the last 20 ical, crossing, and gene expression studies have provided a wealth years. In a search of the ISI Web of Science with ‘‘adaptive of information about the genetic basis of these transitions in radiation’’ (limited to the subject area of evolutionary biology) Aquilegia. To obtain both enzymatic and regulatory candidate we found 80 articles published in 2008 compared with only 1 in genes for the entire flavonoid pathway, which produces antho- 1990. -
Saurashtra University Re – Accredited Grade ‘B’ by NAAC (CGPA 2.93)
Saurashtra University Re – Accredited Grade ‘B’ by NAAC (CGPA 2.93) Odedra, Nathabhai K., 2009, “Ethnobotany of Maher Tribe In Porbandar District, Gujarat, India”, thesis PhD, Saurashtra University http://etheses.saurashtrauniversity.edu/id/eprint/604 Copyright and moral rights for this thesis are retained by the author A copy can be downloaded for personal non-commercial research or study, without prior permission or charge. This thesis cannot be reproduced or quoted extensively from without first obtaining permission in writing from the Author. The content must not be changed in any way or sold commercially in any format or medium without the formal permission of the Author When referring to this work, full bibliographic details including the author, title, awarding institution and date of the thesis must be given. Saurashtra University Theses Service http://etheses.saurashtrauniversity.edu [email protected] © The Author ETHNOBOTANY OF MAHER TRIBE IN PORBANDAR DISTRICT, GUJARAT, INDIA A thesis submitted to the SAURASHTRA UNIVERSITY In partial fulfillment for the requirement For the degree of DDDoDoooccccttttoooorrrr ooofofff PPPhPhhhiiiilllloooossssoooopppphhhhyyyy In BBBoBooottttaaaannnnyyyy In faculty of science By NATHABHAI K. ODEDRA Under Supervision of Dr. B. A. JADEJA Lecturer Department of Botany M D Science College, Porbandar - 360575 January + 2009 ETHNOBOTANY OF MAHER TRIBE IN PORBANDAR DISTRICT, GUJARAT, INDIA A thesis submitted to the SAURASHTRA UNIVERSITY In partial fulfillment for the requirement For the degree of DDooooccccttttoooorrrr ooofofff PPPhPhhhiiiilllloooossssoooopppphhhhyyyy In BBoooottttaaaannnnyyyy In faculty of science By NATHABHAI K. ODEDRA Under Supervision of Dr. B. A. JADEJA Lecturer Department of Botany M D Science College, Porbandar - 360575 January + 2009 College Code. -
Molecular Breeding of Novel Yellow Flowers by Engineering the Aurone Biosynthetic Pathway
Transgenic Plant Journal ©2007 Global Science Books Molecular Breeding of Novel Yellow Flowers by Engineering the Aurone Biosynthetic Pathway Eiichiro Ono1* • Toru Nakayama2 1 Institute for Health Care Science, Suntory Ltd., Suntory Research Center, 1-1-1 Wakayamadai, Shimamoto, Mishima, Osaka 618-8503, Japan 2 Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-11 Aoba, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8579, Japan Corresponding author : * [email protected] ABSTRACT Aurone flavonoids confer a bright yellow color to flowers, such as snapdragon (Antirrhinum majus). A. majus aureusidin synthase (AmAS1), a polyphenol oxidase, was identified as the key enzyme catalyzing the oxidative formation of aurones from chalcones. To date, all known PPOs have been found to be localized in plastids, whereas flavonoid biosynthesis is thought to take place on the cytoplasmic surface of the endoplasmic reticulum. Interestingly, AmAS1 is transported to the vacuole lumen, but not to the plastid, via ER-to-Golgi trafficking. A sequence-specific vacuolar sorting determinant is encoded in the 53-residue N-terminal sequence of the precursor, demonstrating the first example of the biosynthesis of a flavonoid skeleton in vacuoles. Transgenic flowers overexpressing AmAS1, however, failed to produce aurones. The identification of A. majus chalcone 4'-O-glucosyltransferase (UGT88D3) showed that the glucosylation of chalcone by cytosolic UGT88D3 followed by oxidative cyclization by vacuolar aureusidin synthase is the biochemical basis of the formation of aurone 6-O-glucosides in vivo. Co-expression of the UGT88D3 and AmAS1 genes was sufficient for the accumulation of aurone 6-O-glucoside in transgenic flowers, suggesting that glucosylation facilitates vacuolar transport of chalcones. -
Antinociceptive Effect of Methanol Extract of Dalbergia Sissoo Leaves in Mice Md
Mannan et al. BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine (2017) 17:72 DOI 10.1186/s12906-017-1565-y RESEARCH ARTICLE Open Access Antinociceptive effect of methanol extract of Dalbergia sissoo leaves in mice Md. Abdul Mannan*, Ambia Khatun and Md. Farhad Hossen Khan Abstract Background: Dalbergia sissoo DC. (Family: Fabaceae) is a medium to large deciduous tree, is locally called “shishu” in Bangladesh. It is used to treat sore throats, dysentery, syphilis, bronchitis, inflammations, infections, hernia, skin diseases, and gonorrhea. This study evaluated the antinociceptive effect of the methanol extract of D. sissoo leaves (MEDS) in mice. Methods: The extract was assessed for antinociceptive activity using chemical and heat induced pain models such as hot plate, tail immersion, acetic acid-induced writhing, formalin, glutamate, and cinnamaldehyde test models in mice at the doses of 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg (p.o.) respectively. Morphine sulphate (5 mg/kg, i.p.) and diclofenac sodium (10 mg/kg, i.p.) were used as reference analgesic drugs. To confirm the possible involvement of opioid receptor in the central antinociceptive effect of MEDS, naloxone was used to antagonize the effect. Results: MEDS demonstrated potent and dose-dependent antinociceptive activity in all the chemical and heat induced mice models (p < 0.001). The findings of this study indicate that the involvement of both peripheral and central antinociceptive mechanisms. The use of naloxone verified the association of opioid receptors in the central antinociceptive effect. Conclusions: This study indicated the peripheral and central antinociceptive activity of the leaves of D. sissoo. These results support the traditional use of this plant in different painful conditions. -
Economic Botany, Genetics and Plant Breeding
BSCBO- 302 B.Sc. III YEAR Economic Botany, Genetics And Plant Breeding DEPARTMENT OF BOTANY SCHOOL OF SCIENCES UTTARAKHAND OPEN UNIVERSITY Economic Botany, Genetics and Plant Breeding BSCBO-302 Expert Committee Prof. J. C. Ghildiyal Prof. G.S. Rajwar Retired Principal Principal Government PG College Government PG College Karnprayag Augustmuni Prof. Lalit Tewari Dr. Hemant Kandpal Department of Botany School of Health Science DSB Campus, Uttarakhand Open University Kumaun University, Nainital Haldwani Dr. Pooja Juyal Department of Botany School of Sciences Uttarakhand Open University, Haldwani Board of Studies Prof. Y. S. Rawat Prof. C.M. Sharma Department of Botany Department of Botany DSB Campus, Kumoun University HNB Garhwal Central University, Nainital Srinagar Prof. R.C. Dubey Prof. P.D.Pant Head, Department of Botany Director I/C, School of Sciences Gurukul Kangri University Uttarakhand Open University Haridwar Haldwani Dr. Pooja Juyal Department of Botany School of Sciences Uttarakhand Open University, Haldwani Programme Coordinator Dr. Pooja Juyal Department of Botany School of Sciences Uttarakhand Open University Haldwani, Nainital Unit Written By: Unit No. 1. Prof. I.S.Bisht 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7 National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources (ICAR) & 8 Regional Station, Bhowali (Nainital) Uttarakhand UTTARAKHAND OPEN UNIVERSITY Page 1 Economic Botany, Genetics and Plant Breeding BSCBO-302 2-Dr. Pooja Juyal 04 Department of Botany Uttarakhand Open University Haldwani 3. Dr. Atal Bihari Bajpai 9 & 11 Department of Botany, DBS PG College Dehradun-248001 4-Dr. Urmila Rana 10 & 12 Department of Botany, Government College, Chinayalisaur, Uttarakashi Course Editor Prof. Y.S. Rawat Department of Botany DSB Campus, Kumaun University Nainital Title : Economic Botany, Genetics and Plant Breeding ISBN No. -
Indian Herbal Remedies Rational Western Therapy, Ayurvedic and Other Traditional Usage, Botany
Indian Herbal Remedies Rational Western Therapy, Ayurvedic and Other Traditional Usage, Botany Springer EDITED AND OCR DONE BY SIVAM Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg GmbH C. P. Khare (Ed.) Indian Herbal Remedies Rational Western Therapy, Ayurvedic and Other Traditional Usage, Botany With 255 Figures Springer C.P. Khare Founder President Society for New Age Herbals B-1/211, Jank Puri New Delhi-110058 India E-mail: [email protected] ISBN 978-3-642-62229-8 ISBN 978-3-642-18659-2 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-3-642-18659-2 Cataloging-in-Publication Data applied for A catalog record for this book is available from the Library of Congress Bibliographic information published by Die Deutsche Bibliothek Die Deutsche Bibliothek lists this publication in the Deutsche Nationalbibliografie; detailed bibliographic data is available in the Internet at http://dnb.ddb.de This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, speci fically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in other ways, and storage in data banks. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is only permitted under the pro visions of the German Copyright Law of September 9,1965, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer-Verlag. Violations are liable for prosecution under the German Copyright Law. http://www.springer.de © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2004 Originally published by Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg New York in 2004 Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 2004 The use of registered names, trademarks, etc. -
Biomolecules of Interest Present in the Main Industrial Wood Species Used in Indonesia-A Review
Tech Science Press DOI: 10.32604/jrm.2021.014286 REVIEW Biomolecules of Interest Present in the Main Industrial Wood Species Used in Indonesia-A Review Resa Martha1,2, Mahdi Mubarok1,2, Wayan Darmawan2, Wasrin Syafii2, Stéphane Dumarcay1, Christine Gérardin Charbonnier1 and Philippe Gérardin1,* 1Université de Lorraine, Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement, Laboratoire d'Etudes et de Recherche sur le Matériau Bois, Nancy, France 2Department of Forest Products, Faculty of Forestry and Environment, Institut Pertanian Bogor, Bogor University, Bogor, Indonesia *Corresponding Author: Philippe Gérardin. Email: [email protected] Received: 17 September 2020 Accepted: 20 October 2020 ABSTRACT As a tropical archipelagic country, Indonesia’s forests possess high biodiversity, including its wide variety of wood species. Valorisation of biomolecules released from woody plant extracts has been gaining attractive interests since in the middle of 20th century. This paper focuses on a literature review of the potential valorisation of biomole- cules released from twenty wood species exploited in Indonesia. It has revealed that depending on the natural origin of the wood species studied and harmonized with the ethnobotanical and ethnomedicinal knowledge, the extractives derived from the woody plants have given valuable heritages in the fields of medicines and phar- macology. The families of the bioactive compounds found in the extracts mainly consisted of flavonoids, stilbenes, stilbenoids, lignans, tannins, simple phenols, terpenes, terpenoids, alkaloids, quinones, and saponins. In addition, biological or pharmacological activities of the extracts/isolated phytochemicals were recorded to have antioxidant, antimicrobial, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetes, anti-dysentery, anticancer, analgesic, anti-malaria, and anti-Alzheimer activities. -
Review of Natural Products Actions on Cytokines in Inflammatory Bowel Disease
NUTRITION RESEARCH 32 (2012) 801– 816 Available online at www.sciencedirect.com www.nrjournal.com Review of natural products actions on cytokines in inflammatory bowel disease Sun Jin Hur a, Sung Ho Kang b, Ho Sung Jung b, Sang Chul Kim b, Hyun Soo Jeon b, Ick Hee Kim b, Jae Dong Lee b,⁎ a Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea b Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Chungju, Chungbuk, Korea ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Article history: The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of the effects that natural products Received 4 December 2011 have on inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and to provide insight into the relationship Revised 7 May 2012 between these natural products and cytokines modulation. More than 100 studies from the Accepted 24 September 2012 past 10 years were reviewed herein on the therapeutic approaches for treating IBD. The natural products having anti-IBD actions included phytochemicals, antioxidants, Keywords: microorganisms, dietary fibers, and lipids. The literature revealed that many of these Inflammatory bowel disease natural products exert anti-IBD activity by altering cytokine production. Specifically, Natural products phytochemicals such as polyphenols or flavonoids are the most abundant, naturally Cytokine occurring anti-IBD substances. The anti-IBD effects of lipids were primarily related to the n-3 Phytochemicals polyunsaturated fatty acids. The anti-IBD effects of phytochemicals were associated with Probiotics modulating the levels of tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-1, IL-6, inducible nitric oxide synthase, and myeloperoxide. The anti-IBD effects of dietary fiber were mainly mediated via peroxisome proliferator–activated receptor-γ, TNF-α, nitric oxide, and IL-2, whereas the anti-IBD effects of lactic acid bacteria were reported to influence interferon-γ, IL-6, IL-12, TNF-α, and nuclear factor-κ light-chain enhancer of activated B cells. -
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Volume 3, Issue1, January 2012 Available Online at www.ijppronline.in International Journal Of Pharma Professional’s Research Review Article DALBERGIA SISSOO: AN OVERVIEW ISSN NO:0976-6723 Shivani saini*, Dr. Sunil sharma Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, Hisar, Haryana, India, 125001 Abstract The present review is, therefore, an effort to give a detailed survey of the literature on its pharamacognosy, phytochemistry, traditional uses and pharmacological studies of the plant Dalbergia sissoo. Dalbergia sissoo is an important timber species around the world. Besides this, it has been utilized as medicines for thousands of years and now there is a growing demand for plant based medicines, health products, pharmaceuticals and cosmetics. Dalbergia sissoo is a widely growing plant which is used traditionally as anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, analgesic, anti-oxidant, anti-diabetic and antimicrobial agent. Several phytoconstituents have been isolated and identified from different parts of the plant belonging tothe category of alkaloids, glycosides, flavanols, tannins, saponins, sterols and terpenoids. A review of plant description, phytochemical constituents present and their pharmacological activities are given in the present article. Keywords: - Dalbergia sissoo, phytochemical constituents, pharmacological activities. Introduction medicine.[7] To be accepted as viable alternative to Medicinal plants have been the part and parcel of modern medicine, the same vigorous method of human society to combat diseases since the dawn of scientific and clinical validation must be applied to human civilization. The earliest description of prove the safety and effectiveness of a therapeutic curative properties of medicinal plants were product.[ 8-9] described in the Rigveda (2500-1800 BC), Charak The genus, Dalbergia, consists of 300 species and Samhita and Sushruta Samhita. -
Natural Inhibitors of Carcinogenesis Review
A. Douglas Kinghorn1 Bao-Ning Su1 Dae Sik Jang1, 3 Leng Chee Chang1, 4 Dongho Lee1, 5 Jian-Qiao Gu1, 6 Esperanza J. Carcache-Blanco1 Alison D. Pawlus1 Sang Kook Lee1, 2 Eun Jung Park1, 7 Muriel Cuendet1 Joell J. Gills1 Krishna Bhat1, 9 Hye-Sung Park1 Eugenia Mata-Greenwood1, 10 Lynda L. Song1, 11 Meishiang Jang1, 12 John M. Pezzuto1, 2 Natural Inhibitors of Carcinogenesis Review Abstract atom skeleton. In addition, over 100 active compounds of pre- viously known structure have been obtained. Based on this large Previous collaborative work by our group has led to the discovery pool of potential cancer chemopreventive compounds, structure- of several plant isolates and derivatives with activities in in vivo activity relationships are discussed in terms of the quinone reduc- models of cancer chemoprevention, including deguelin, resvera- tase induction ability of flavonoids and withanolides and the cy- trol, bruceantin, brassinin, 4¢-bromoflavone, and oxomate. Using clooxygenase-1 and -2 inhibitory activities of flavanones, flavones a panel of in vitro bioassays to monitor chromatographic fractio- and stilbenoids. Several of the bioactive compounds were found to nation, a diverse group of plant secondary metabolites has been be active when evaluated in a mouse mammary organ culture as- identified as potential cancer chemopreventive agents from say, when used as a secondary discriminator in our work. The mainly edible plants. Nearly 50 new compounds have been compounds M2S)-abyssinone II, M2S)-2¢,4¢-dihydroxy-2¢¢-M1-hydro- isolated as bioactive principles in one or more in vitro bioassays xy-1-methylethyl)dihydrofuro[2,3-h]-flavanone, 3¢-[g-hydroxyme- in work performed over the last five years. -
DETERMINACIÓN DE CAPACIDAD ANTIOXIDANTE TOTAL, CONTENIDO DE FENOLES Y ACTIVIDAD ENZIMÁTICA EN UNA BEBIDA NO LÁCTEA a BASE DE QUINUA (Chenopodium Quinoa)
UNIVERSIDAD MAYOR DE SAN ANDRÉS FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS FARMACÉUTICAS Y BIOQUIMICAS MAESTRÍA EN BROMATOLOGÍA DETERMINACIÓN DE CAPACIDAD ANTIOXIDANTE TOTAL, CONTENIDO DE FENOLES Y ACTIVIDAD ENZIMÁTICA EN UNA BEBIDA NO LÁCTEA A BASE DE QUINUA (Chenopodium quinoa) POR: ALEJANDRA PATRICIA RIOJA ANTEZANA TUTOR: J. MAURICIO PEÑARRIETA LORIA Ph. D LA PAZ-BOLIVIA Octubre, 2018 CALIFICACIONES i DEDICATORIA Para mi Camila, el motor de mi vida Con infinito amor le dedico todo mi esfuerzo Para mi Chachito, mi ángel en el cielo Por haber creído siempre en mí ii AGRADECIMIENTOS A través de estas líneas quiero expresar mi más sincero agradecimiento a todas las personas que con su aporte humano y académico han colaborado en la realización de este trabajo de investigación. Quiero agradecer en primer lugar a las instituciones que han hecho posible mi formación y mi trabajo. A la Unidad de Postgrado de la Facultad de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y Bioquímicas, a la carrera de Química y al Instituto de Investigación en Productos Naturales de la Universidad Mayor de San Andrés. Gracias por la ayuda y confianza depositada en mí. Muy especialmente a mi tutor de Tesis, al Dr. Mauricio Peñarrieta por la oportunidad brindada, acertada orientación, inestimable ayuda y paciencia, que me hizo posible un buen aprovechamiento en el trabajo realizado y en su culminación. Agradezco a la Dra. Romina Segurondo y a todos los profesores y colaboradores de la Maestría en Bromatología, por su constante apoyo y por hacer que la experiencia de cursar la maestría haya sido memorable. A mis amigos y compañeros de Laboratorio les agradezco todos los buenos momentos compartidos, por su amistad y por el apoyo moral y colaboración.