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JURNAL META-YURIDIS No 88 JURNAL META-YURIDIS No. P-ISSN : 2614-2031 / NO. E-ISSN : 2621-6450 Fakultas Hukum Universitas PGRI Semarang Homepage: http://journal.upgris.ac.id/index.php/meta-yuridis/ Article History: Received: 2020-09-28 Accepted: 2020-10-20 Published: 2021-03-20 KONTRIBUSI PEMERINTAH DAERAH DALAM MELINDUNGI KAIN TAPIS LAMPUNG Nenny Dwi Ariani Fakultas Hukum Universitas Lampung [email protected] Abstrak: Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan utama yang bersifat yuridis normatif, yaitu meliputi pendekatan perundang-undangan (statute approach), pendekatan kasus (case approach), pendekatan sejarah (historical approach), pendekatan konsep (conceptual approach), dan pendekatan perbandingan (comparative approach) yang digunakan untuk mempelajari Kontribusi Pemerintah Daerah di Provinsi Lampung dalam melindungi Kain Tapis masyarakat adat Lampung Kontribusi Pemerintah Daerah di Provinsi Lampung dalam melindungi Kain Tapis masyarakat adat Lampung dilakukan secara hukum yang diwujudkan dengan cara: 1) Membuat dan memberlakukan Peraturan Daerah Nomor 2 Tahun 2008 tentang Pemeliharaan Kebudayaan Lampung; 2) Menjadikan motif kain Tapis dan Siger sebagai unsur dekoratif dan elemen bangunan gedung berornamen Lampung, 3) Membuat dan memberlakukan Peraturan Daerah Nomor 4 Tahun 2016 tentang Perlindungan Kekayaan Intelektual Masyarakat Lampung. Selain itu pemerintah juga mengadakan berbagai acara untuk mempromosikan kain Tapis ke masyarakat luas. Kontribusi ideal yang dilakukan Pemerintah Daerah untuk melindunngi kain Tapis melalui pembentukan aturan hukum tertulis yaitu peraturan daerah terkait ekspresi budaya tradisional. Nantinya, dalam perda tersebut, setidaknya harus mengatur hal-hal sebagai berikut: pengertian, lingkup perlindungan, kepemilikan ekspresi budaya tradisional, pemanfaatan, bentuk perlindungan, terakhir larangan dan sanksi. Kata kunci: Kain Tapis, Pemerintah Daerah, Ekspresi Budaya Tradisional Abstract: This study uses the juridical-normative approach, which includes a statutory approach, a case approach, a historical approach, a conceptual approach, and a comparative approach in order to study The contribution of the Regional Government in Lampung Province in protecting the Tapis Cloth of the Lampung indigenous people. The contribution of the Regional Government in Lampung Province in protecting the Tapis Cloth of the Lampung indigenous people is carried out legally which is manifested by: 1) Making and enforcing Regional Regulation Number 2 of 2008 concerning the Maintenance of Lampung Culture; 2) Making the Tapis and Siger cloth motifs as decorative elements and ornamental building elements in Lampung, 3) Creating and enforcing Regional Regulation Number 4 of 2016 concerning Protection of the Intellectual Property of the Lampung Community. In addition, the government also holds various events to promote Tapis cloth to the wider community. The ideal contribution made by the Regional Government to protect Tapis fabrics is through the formation of written legal rules, namely regional regulations related to traditional cultural expressions. Later, in this regional regulation, at least it must regulate the following matters: definition, the scope of protection, ownership of traditional cultural expressions, utilization, forms of protection, finally prohibitions and sanctions.. Keywords: Tapis Cloth, Local Government, Traditional Cultural Expressions Jurnal Meta-Yuridis Vol (4) No.1 Maret 2021 89 PENDAHULUAN dengan potensi dan kekhasan daerah Negara sebagai otoritas masing-masing. Ini merupakan tertinggi, dan pemerintah daerah kesempatan yang sangat baik bagi sebagai representasi negara dalam pemerintah daerah untuk perlindungan dan pengaturan EBT membuktikan kemampuannya dalam dapat mencegah adanya monopoli melaksanakan kewenangan yang atau komersialisasi serta tindakan menjadi hak daerah. Maju atau yang merusak atau pemanfaatan tidaknya suatu daerah sangat komersialisasi terutama oleh pihak ditentukan oleh kemampuan dan asing tanpa seiizin negara sebagai kemauan untuk melaksanakannya pemegang hak cipta. Ketentuan ini oleh pemerintah daerah. Pemerintah dimaksudkan untuk menghindari daerah bebas berkreasi dan tindakan pihak asing yang dapat berekspresi dalam rangka merusak nilai kebudayaan tersebut membangun daerahnya, tentu saja dan memanfaatkan secara komersial dengan tidak melanggar ketentuan tanpa izin dari pemilik EBT. perundang-undangan. Perlindungan EBT sebagai bagian Kain Tapis sebagai EBT bagi pengetahuan tradisional ini sangat Masyarakat Adat Lampung memiliki penting, setidaknya karena tiga makna simbolis sebagai lambang alasan [1], yaitu (1) adanya potensi kesucian yang dapat melindungi keuntungan ekonomis yang pemakainya dari segala kotoran dari dihasilkan dari pemanfaatan luar. Selain itu dalam pemakaiannya pengetahuan tradisional, (2) keadilan kain Tapis juga melambangkan dalam sistem perdagangan dunia, status sosial pemakainya. Makna dan (3) perlunya perlindungan hak simbolis kain Tapis terdapat pada masyarakat lokal. kesatuan utuh bentuk motif yang Pelaksanaan otonomi daerah diterapkan, serta bidang warna kain merupakan titik fokus yang penting dasar sebagai wujud kepercayaan dalam rangka memperbaiki yang melambangkan kebesaran kesejahteraan rakyat. Pencipta Alam. Kain Tapis Pengembangan suatu daerah dapat merupakan pakaian resmi disesuaikan oleh pemerintah daerah Masyarakat Adat Lampung dalam Jurnal Meta-Yuridis Vol (4) No.1 Maret 2021 90 berbagai upacara adat dan Lampung. Hasil karya budaya leluhur keagamaan, dan merupakan masyarakat Lampung tersebut hanya perangkat adat yang serupa pusaka dipandang sebagai hasil karya seni keluarga [2]. yang bernilai ekonomis, tanpa Pentingnya perlindungan hukum memperhatikan nilai-nilai terhadap kain Tapis, dikarenakan di kesakralannya. dalam masyarakat saat ini Kondisi di atas diperparah keberadaan kain Tapis telah dengan adanya kondisi saat ini mengalami perubahan pemaknaan. dimana suatu masyarakat adat Pandangan masyarakat terhadap mendiami lebih dari satu kabupaten, kain Tapis hanya sebatas karya seni sehingga menimbulkan suatu tradisional yang memiliki nilai problematika tersendiri. Sebagai ekonomis tinggi. Hal ini terlihat dari contoh dikarenakan masyarakat adat banyaknya motif kain Tapis yang Pepadun yang berada di banyak diproduksi oleh para pengrajin hanya kabupaten, maka problematika yang untuk diperdagangkan tanpa timbul yaitu tidak ada kabupaten memperhatikan nilai-nilai filosofis yang mengkhususkan perhatiannya yang terdapat di kain Tapis tersebut. terhadap keberadaan kain Tapis Bahkan kain Tapis saat ini dibuat sebagai karya budaya para leluhur tidak hanya oleh Pengrajin Suku Asli Masyarakat Adat Lampung Lampung yang mengetahui aspek- aspek kesakralan yang ada pada POKOK PERMASALAHAN motif-motif kain Tapis, tetapi juga Permasalahan sebagaimana di oleh pengrajin dari suku daerah atas ini menurut penulis menarik lainnya. untuk dikaji ke dalam sebuah Adanya perubahan pemaknaan penelitian dengan pokok baik terhadap kain Tapis tersebut permasalahan yakni: akan berdampak hilangnya 1. Apa saja kontribusi penghargaan dan rasa memiliki pemerintah daerah provinsi terhadap hasil karya budaya lampung dalam melindungi tradisional masyarakat Lampung kain Tapis? khususnya oleh generasi muda Jurnal Meta-Yuridis Vol (4) No.1 Maret 2021 91 2. Bagaimana kontribusi ideal kebijakan yang dibuat oleh pemerintah daerah provinsi pemerintah daerah di Provinsi lampung dalam melindungi Lampung dalam melindungi kain kain Tapis? Tapis sebagai Ekspresi Budaya Tradisional di Provinsi Lampung METODE PENELITIAN Penelitian ini menggunakan HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN pendekatan utama yang bersifat 1. Kontribusi Pemerintah Daerah yuridis normatif [3], yaitu meliputi Provinsi Lampung Dalam pendekatan perundang-undangan Melindungi Kain Tapis (statute approach), pendekatan Kontribusi Pemerintah Daerah kasus (case approach), pendekatan Provinsi Lampung Dalam Melindungi sejarah (historical approach), Kain Tapis bila dilihat dari segi pendekatan konsep (conceptual Kebijakan Secara Hukum, Bentuk approach), dan pendekatan kebijakan legislasi Pemerintah perbandingan (comparative Daerah Provinsi Lampung dalam approach). Pendekatan yuridis rangka upaya melindungi dan normatif dilakukan dengan melestarikan Kain Tapis yakni mempelajari asas-asas hukum, sebagai berikut: norma-norma dalam peraturan 1. Membuat dan perundang-undangan, pendapat ahli memberlakukan Peraturan hukum (doktrin-doktrin), dan bahan Daerah (Perda) Nomor 2 kepustakaan hukum dan non-hukum Tahun 2008 tentang dan ditunjang dengan pendekatan Pemeliharaan Kebudayaan empiris berupa pendapat, cara Lampung. Latar belakang pandang para narasumber berkaitan dibuatnya Perda ini yaitu dengan pokok permasalahan dalam dalam upaya menjamin penelitian ini [4]. Oleh sebab itu terpeliharanya kebudayaan penelitian ini lebih banyak Lampung yang merupakan menggunakan data sekunder berupa bagian dari budaya bangsa peraturan-peraturan untuk Indonesia dan sekaligus mengetahui upaya dan kebijakan- sebagai asset nasional, yang Jurnal Meta-Yuridis Vol (4) No.1 Maret 2021 92 keberadaannya perlu dijaga, bagian mengingat diberdayakan, dibina, Konsideran Perda Provinsi dilestarikan dan Lampung Nomor 2 Tahun dikembangkan sehingga 2008 tentang Pemeliharaan dapat berperan dalam upaya Kebudayaan Lampung menciptakan masyarakat tersebut. Lampung yang memiliki jati 2. Menjadikan Motif Kain Tapis diri, berakhlak mulia, Sebagai Unsur Dekoratif Dan berperadaban dan Elemen Bangunan Gedung mempertinggi pemahaman Berornamen Lampung. masyarakat terhadap nilai- Sebagaimana diatur di dalam
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